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virtio: out-of-bounds buffer write on invalid state load
[qemu.git] / qemu-img.c
blob96f44638b77ef0f9888829e53659ffb7a0cd7b48
1 /*
2 * QEMU disk image utility
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5 *
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12 *
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 *
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22 * THE SOFTWARE.
23 */
24 #include "qapi-visit.h"
25 #include "qapi/qmp-output-visitor.h"
26 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
27 #include "qemu-common.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
30 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
31 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
32 #include "block/block_int.h"
33 #include "block/qapi.h"
34 #include <getopt.h>
35
36 #define QEMU_IMG_VERSION "qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION \
37 ", Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard\n"
38
39 typedef struct img_cmd_t {
40 const char *name;
41 int (*handler)(int argc, char **argv);
42 } img_cmd_t;
43
44 enum {
45 OPTION_OUTPUT = 256,
46 OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN = 257,
47 };
48
49 typedef enum OutputFormat {
50 OFORMAT_JSON,
51 OFORMAT_HUMAN,
52 } OutputFormat;
53
54 /* Default to cache=writeback as data integrity is not important for qemu-tcg. */
55 #define BDRV_O_FLAGS BDRV_O_CACHE_WB
56 #define BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE "writeback"
57
58 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
59 {
60 printf(" %s", name);
61 }
62
63 static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
64 {
65 va_list ap;
66
67 error_printf("qemu-img: ");
68
69 va_start(ap, fmt);
70 error_vprintf(fmt, ap);
71 va_end(ap);
72
73 error_printf("\nTry 'qemu-img --help' for more information\n");
74 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
75 }
76
77 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
78 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
79 {
80 const char *help_msg =
81 QEMU_IMG_VERSION
82 "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
83 "QEMU disk image utility\n"
84 "\n"
85 "Command syntax:\n"
86 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
87 " " arg_string "\n"
88 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
89 #undef DEF
90 #undef GEN_DOCS
91 "\n"
92 "Command parameters:\n"
93 " 'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
94 " 'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
95 " 'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid\n"
96 " options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',\n"
97 " 'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)\n"
98 " 'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes\n"
99 " 'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),\n"
100 " 'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P) are\n"
101 " supported. 'b' is ignored.\n"
102 " 'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
103 " 'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
104 " 'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a\n"
105 " name=value format. Use -o ? for an overview of the options supported by the\n"
106 " used format\n"
107 " 'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format\n"
108 " is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
109 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
110 " 'snapshot_id_or_name' is deprecated, use 'snapshot_param'\n"
111 " instead\n"
112 " '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
113 " '-u' enables unsafe rebasing. It is assumed that old and new backing file\n"
114 " match exactly. The image doesn't need a working backing file before\n"
115 " rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the backing file)\n"
116 " '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats\n"
117 " '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)\n"
118 " '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)\n"
119 " '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must\n"
120 " contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during\n"
121 " conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for\n"
122 " unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be\n"
123 " fully allocated\n"
124 " '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)\n"
125 " '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created\n"
126 " prior to running qemu-img)\n"
127 "\n"
128 "Parameters to check subcommand:\n"
129 " '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.\n"
130 " '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all\n"
131 " kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
132 " hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
133 "\n"
134 "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
135 " 'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
136 " '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
137 " '-c' creates a snapshot\n"
138 " '-d' deletes a snapshot\n"
139 " '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image\n"
140 "\n"
141 "Parameters to compare subcommand:\n"
142 " '-f' first image format\n"
143 " '-F' second image format\n"
144 " '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation\n";
145
146 printf("%s\nSupported formats:", help_msg);
147 bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
148 printf("\n");
149 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
150 }
151
152 static int GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qprintf(bool quiet, const char *fmt, ...)
153 {
154 int ret = 0;
155 if (!quiet) {
156 va_list args;
157 va_start(args, fmt);
158 ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
159 va_end(args);
160 }
161 return ret;
162 }
163
164 #if defined(WIN32)
165 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
166 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
167 {
168 int c, i;
169 printf("Password: ");
170 fflush(stdout);
171 i = 0;
172 for(;;) {
173 c = getchar();
174 if (c == '\n')
175 break;
176 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
177 buf[i++] = c;
178 }
179 buf[i] = '\0';
180 return 0;
181 }
182
183 #else
184
185 #include <termios.h>
186
187 static struct termios oldtty;
188
189 static void term_exit(void)
190 {
191 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
192 }
193
194 static void term_init(void)
195 {
196 struct termios tty;
197
198 tcgetattr (0, &tty);
199 oldtty = tty;
200
201 tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
202 |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
203 tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
204 tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
205 tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
206 tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
207 tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
208 tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
209
210 tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
211
212 atexit(term_exit);
213 }
214
215 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
216 {
217 uint8_t ch;
218 int i, ret;
219
220 printf("password: ");
221 fflush(stdout);
222 term_init();
223 i = 0;
224 for(;;) {
225 ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
226 if (ret == -1) {
227 if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
228 continue;
229 } else {
230 ret = -1;
231 break;
232 }
233 } else if (ret == 0) {
234 ret = -1;
235 break;
236 } else {
237 if (ch == '\r') {
238 ret = 0;
239 break;
240 }
241 if (i < (buf_size - 1))
242 buf[i++] = ch;
243 }
244 }
245 term_exit();
246 buf[i] = '\0';
247 printf("\n");
248 return ret;
249 }
250 #endif
251
252 static int print_block_option_help(const char *filename, const char *fmt)
253 {
254 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
255 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL;
256
257 /* Find driver and parse its options */
258 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
259 if (!drv) {
260 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
261 return 1;
262 }
263
264 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
265 drv->create_options);
266
267 if (filename) {
268 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(filename, true);
269 if (!proto_drv) {
270 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", filename);
271 return 1;
272 }
273 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
274 proto_drv->create_options);
275 }
276
277 print_option_help(create_options);
278 free_option_parameters(create_options);
279 return 0;
280 }
281
282 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *id,
283 const char *filename,
284 const char *fmt,
285 int flags,
286 bool require_io,
287 bool quiet)
288 {
289 BlockDriverState *bs;
290 BlockDriver *drv;
291 char password[256];
292 Error *local_err = NULL;
293 int ret;
294
295 bs = bdrv_new(id, &error_abort);
296
297 if (fmt) {
298 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
299 if (!drv) {
300 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
301 goto fail;
302 }
303 } else {
304 drv = NULL;
305 }
306
307 ret = bdrv_open(&bs, filename, NULL, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
308 if (ret < 0) {
309 error_report("Could not open '%s': %s", filename,
310 error_get_pretty(local_err));
311 error_free(local_err);
312 goto fail;
313 }
314
315 if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs) && require_io) {
316 qprintf(quiet, "Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
317 if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0) {
318 error_report("No password given");
319 goto fail;
320 }
321 if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
322 error_report("invalid password");
323 goto fail;
324 }
325 }
326 return bs;
327 fail:
328 bdrv_unref(bs);
329 return NULL;
330 }
331
332 static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QEMUOptionParameter *list,
333 const char *base_filename,
334 const char *base_fmt)
335 {
336 if (base_filename) {
337 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, base_filename)) {
338 error_report("Backing file not supported for file format '%s'",
339 fmt);
340 return -1;
341 }
342 }
343 if (base_fmt) {
344 if (set_option_parameter(list, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT, base_fmt)) {
345 error_report("Backing file format not supported for file "
346 "format '%s'", fmt);
347 return -1;
348 }
349 }
350 return 0;
351 }
352
353 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
354 {
355 int c;
356 uint64_t img_size = -1;
357 const char *fmt = "raw";
358 const char *base_fmt = NULL;
359 const char *filename;
360 const char *base_filename = NULL;
361 char *options = NULL;
362 Error *local_err = NULL;
363 bool quiet = false;
364
365 for(;;) {
366 c = getopt(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q");
367 if (c == -1) {
368 break;
369 }
370 switch(c) {
371 case '?':
372 case 'h':
373 help();
374 break;
375 case 'F':
376 base_fmt = optarg;
377 break;
378 case 'b':
379 base_filename = optarg;
380 break;
381 case 'f':
382 fmt = optarg;
383 break;
384 case 'e':
385 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
386 "encryption\' instead!");
387 goto fail;
388 case '6':
389 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
390 "compat6\' instead!");
391 goto fail;
392 case 'o':
393 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
394 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
395 goto fail;
396 }
397 if (!options) {
398 options = g_strdup(optarg);
399 } else {
400 char *old_options = options;
401 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
402 g_free(old_options);
403 }
404 break;
405 case 'q':
406 quiet = true;
407 break;
408 }
409 }
410
411 /* Get the filename */
412 filename = (optind < argc) ? argv[optind] : NULL;
413 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
414 g_free(options);
415 return print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
416 }
417
418 if (optind >= argc) {
419 error_exit("Expecting image file name");
420 }
421 optind++;
422
423 /* Get image size, if specified */
424 if (optind < argc) {
425 int64_t sval;
426 char *end;
427 sval = strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
428 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
429 if (sval == -ERANGE) {
430 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
431 } else {
432 error_report("Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, "
433 "G, T, P or E suffixes for ");
434 error_report("kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, "
435 "petabytes and exabytes.");
436 }
437 goto fail;
438 }
439 img_size = (uint64_t)sval;
440 }
441 if (optind != argc) {
442 error_exit("Unexpected argument: %s", argv[optind]);
443 }
444
445 bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
446 options, img_size, BDRV_O_FLAGS, &local_err, quiet);
447 if (local_err) {
448 error_report("%s: %s", filename, error_get_pretty(local_err));
449 error_free(local_err);
450 goto fail;
451 }
452
453 g_free(options);
454 return 0;
455
456 fail:
457 g_free(options);
458 return 1;
459 }
460
461 static void dump_json_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
462 {
463 Error *local_err = NULL;
464 QString *str;
465 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
466 QObject *obj;
467 visit_type_ImageCheck(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
468 &check, NULL, &local_err);
469 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
470 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
471 assert(str != NULL);
472 qprintf(quiet, "%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
473 qobject_decref(obj);
474 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
475 QDECREF(str);
476 }
477
478 static void dump_human_image_check(ImageCheck *check, bool quiet)
479 {
480 if (!(check->corruptions || check->leaks || check->check_errors)) {
481 qprintf(quiet, "No errors were found on the image.\n");
482 } else {
483 if (check->corruptions) {
484 qprintf(quiet, "\n%" PRId64 " errors were found on the image.\n"
485 "Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image "
486 "may corrupt it.\n",
487 check->corruptions);
488 }
489
490 if (check->leaks) {
491 qprintf(quiet,
492 "\n%" PRId64 " leaked clusters were found on the image.\n"
493 "This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.\n",
494 check->leaks);
495 }
496
497 if (check->check_errors) {
498 qprintf(quiet,
499 "\n%" PRId64
500 " internal errors have occurred during the check.\n",
501 check->check_errors);
502 }
503 }
504
505 if (check->total_clusters != 0 && check->allocated_clusters != 0) {
506 qprintf(quiet, "%" PRId64 "/%" PRId64 " = %0.2f%% allocated, "
507 "%0.2f%% fragmented, %0.2f%% compressed clusters\n",
508 check->allocated_clusters, check->total_clusters,
509 check->allocated_clusters * 100.0 / check->total_clusters,
510 check->fragmented_clusters * 100.0 / check->allocated_clusters,
511 check->compressed_clusters * 100.0 /
512 check->allocated_clusters);
513 }
514
515 if (check->image_end_offset) {
516 qprintf(quiet,
517 "Image end offset: %" PRId64 "\n", check->image_end_offset);
518 }
519 }
520
521 static int collect_image_check(BlockDriverState *bs,
522 ImageCheck *check,
523 const char *filename,
524 const char *fmt,
525 int fix)
526 {
527 int ret;
528 BdrvCheckResult result;
529
530 ret = bdrv_check(bs, &result, fix);
531 if (ret < 0) {
532 return ret;
533 }
534
535 check->filename = g_strdup(filename);
536 check->format = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
537 check->check_errors = result.check_errors;
538 check->corruptions = result.corruptions;
539 check->has_corruptions = result.corruptions != 0;
540 check->leaks = result.leaks;
541 check->has_leaks = result.leaks != 0;
542 check->corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions_fixed;
543 check->has_corruptions_fixed = result.corruptions != 0;
544 check->leaks_fixed = result.leaks_fixed;
545 check->has_leaks_fixed = result.leaks != 0;
546 check->image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset;
547 check->has_image_end_offset = result.image_end_offset != 0;
548 check->total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters;
549 check->has_total_clusters = result.bfi.total_clusters != 0;
550 check->allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters;
551 check->has_allocated_clusters = result.bfi.allocated_clusters != 0;
552 check->fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters;
553 check->has_fragmented_clusters = result.bfi.fragmented_clusters != 0;
554 check->compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters;
555 check->has_compressed_clusters = result.bfi.compressed_clusters != 0;
556
557 return 0;
558 }
559
560 /*
561 * Checks an image for consistency. Exit codes:
562 *
563 * 0 - Check completed, image is good
564 * 1 - Check not completed because of internal errors
565 * 2 - Check completed, image is corrupted
566 * 3 - Check completed, image has leaked clusters, but is good otherwise
567 */
568 static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
569 {
570 int c, ret;
571 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
572 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
573 BlockDriverState *bs;
574 int fix = 0;
575 int flags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_CHECK;
576 ImageCheck *check;
577 bool quiet = false;
578
579 fmt = NULL;
580 output = NULL;
581 for(;;) {
582 int option_index = 0;
583 static const struct option long_options[] = {
584 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
585 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
586 {"repair", required_argument, 0, 'r'},
587 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
588 {0, 0, 0, 0}
589 };
590 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hr:q",
591 long_options, &option_index);
592 if (c == -1) {
593 break;
594 }
595 switch(c) {
596 case '?':
597 case 'h':
598 help();
599 break;
600 case 'f':
601 fmt = optarg;
602 break;
603 case 'r':
604 flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
605
606 if (!strcmp(optarg, "leaks")) {
607 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS;
608 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
609 fix = BDRV_FIX_LEAKS | BDRV_FIX_ERRORS;
610 } else {
611 error_exit("Unknown option value for -r "
612 "(expecting 'leaks' or 'all'): %s", optarg);
613 }
614 break;
615 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
616 output = optarg;
617 break;
618 case 'q':
619 quiet = true;
620 break;
621 }
622 }
623 if (optind != argc - 1) {
624 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
625 }
626 filename = argv[optind++];
627
628 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
629 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
630 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
631 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
632 } else if (output) {
633 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
634 return 1;
635 }
636
637 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
638 if (!bs) {
639 return 1;
640 }
641
642 check = g_new0(ImageCheck, 1);
643 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, fix);
644
645 if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
646 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
647 error_report("This image format does not support checks");
648 }
649 ret = 63;
650 goto fail;
651 }
652
653 if (check->corruptions_fixed || check->leaks_fixed) {
654 int corruptions_fixed, leaks_fixed;
655
656 leaks_fixed = check->leaks_fixed;
657 corruptions_fixed = check->corruptions_fixed;
658
659 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
660 qprintf(quiet,
661 "The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:\n\n"
662 " %" PRId64 " leaked clusters\n"
663 " %" PRId64 " corruptions\n\n"
664 "Double checking the fixed image now...\n",
665 check->leaks_fixed,
666 check->corruptions_fixed);
667 }
668
669 ret = collect_image_check(bs, check, filename, fmt, 0);
670
671 check->leaks_fixed = leaks_fixed;
672 check->corruptions_fixed = corruptions_fixed;
673 }
674
675 switch (output_format) {
676 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
677 dump_human_image_check(check, quiet);
678 break;
679 case OFORMAT_JSON:
680 dump_json_image_check(check, quiet);
681 break;
682 }
683
684 if (ret || check->check_errors) {
685 ret = 1;
686 goto fail;
687 }
688
689 if (check->corruptions) {
690 ret = 2;
691 } else if (check->leaks) {
692 ret = 3;
693 } else {
694 ret = 0;
695 }
696
697 fail:
698 qapi_free_ImageCheck(check);
699 bdrv_unref(bs);
700
701 return ret;
702 }
703
704 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
705 {
706 int c, ret, flags;
707 const char *filename, *fmt, *cache;
708 BlockDriverState *bs;
709 bool quiet = false;
710
711 fmt = NULL;
712 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
713 for(;;) {
714 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:ht:q");
715 if (c == -1) {
716 break;
717 }
718 switch(c) {
719 case '?':
720 case 'h':
721 help();
722 break;
723 case 'f':
724 fmt = optarg;
725 break;
726 case 't':
727 cache = optarg;
728 break;
729 case 'q':
730 quiet = true;
731 break;
732 }
733 }
734 if (optind != argc - 1) {
735 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
736 }
737 filename = argv[optind++];
738
739 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
740 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
741 if (ret < 0) {
742 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
743 return -1;
744 }
745
746 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
747 if (!bs) {
748 return 1;
749 }
750 ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
751 switch(ret) {
752 case 0:
753 qprintf(quiet, "Image committed.\n");
754 break;
755 case -ENOENT:
756 error_report("No disk inserted");
757 break;
758 case -EACCES:
759 error_report("Image is read-only");
760 break;
761 case -ENOTSUP:
762 error_report("Image is already committed");
763 break;
764 default:
765 error_report("Error while committing image");
766 break;
767 }
768
769 bdrv_unref(bs);
770 if (ret) {
771 return 1;
772 }
773 return 0;
774 }
775
776 /*
777 * Returns true iff the first sector pointed to by 'buf' contains at least
778 * a non-NUL byte.
779 *
780 * 'pnum' is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
781 * the first one) that are known to be in the same allocated/unallocated state.
782 */
783 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
784 {
785 bool is_zero;
786 int i;
787
788 if (n <= 0) {
789 *pnum = 0;
790 return 0;
791 }
792 is_zero = buffer_is_zero(buf, 512);
793 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
794 buf += 512;
795 if (is_zero != buffer_is_zero(buf, 512)) {
796 break;
797 }
798 }
799 *pnum = i;
800 return !is_zero;
801 }
802
803 /*
804 * Like is_allocated_sectors, but if the buffer starts with a used sector,
805 * up to 'min' consecutive sectors containing zeros are ignored. This avoids
806 * breaking up write requests for only small sparse areas.
807 */
808 static int is_allocated_sectors_min(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum,
809 int min)
810 {
811 int ret;
812 int num_checked, num_used;
813
814 if (n < min) {
815 min = n;
816 }
817
818 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
819 if (!ret) {
820 return ret;
821 }
822
823 num_used = *pnum;
824 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
825 n -= *pnum;
826 num_checked = num_used;
827
828 while (n > 0) {
829 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buf, n, pnum);
830
831 buf += BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE * *pnum;
832 n -= *pnum;
833 num_checked += *pnum;
834 if (ret) {
835 num_used = num_checked;
836 } else if (*pnum >= min) {
837 break;
838 }
839 }
840
841 *pnum = num_used;
842 return 1;
843 }
844
845 /*
846 * Compares two buffers sector by sector. Returns 0 if the first sector of both
847 * buffers matches, non-zero otherwise.
848 *
849 * pnum is set to the number of sectors (including and immediately following
850 * the first one) that are known to have the same comparison result
851 */
852 static int compare_sectors(const uint8_t *buf1, const uint8_t *buf2, int n,
853 int *pnum)
854 {
855 int res, i;
856
857 if (n <= 0) {
858 *pnum = 0;
859 return 0;
860 }
861
862 res = !!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512);
863 for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
864 buf1 += 512;
865 buf2 += 512;
866
867 if (!!memcmp(buf1, buf2, 512) != res) {
868 break;
869 }
870 }
871
872 *pnum = i;
873 return res;
874 }
875
876 #define IO_BUF_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024)
877
878 static int64_t sectors_to_bytes(int64_t sectors)
879 {
880 return sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
881 }
882
883 static int64_t sectors_to_process(int64_t total, int64_t from)
884 {
885 return MIN(total - from, IO_BUF_SIZE >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
886 }
887
888 /*
889 * Check if passed sectors are empty (not allocated or contain only 0 bytes)
890 *
891 * Returns 0 in case sectors are filled with 0, 1 if sectors contain non-zero
892 * data and negative value on error.
893 *
894 * @param bs: Driver used for accessing file
895 * @param sect_num: Number of first sector to check
896 * @param sect_count: Number of sectors to check
897 * @param filename: Name of disk file we are checking (logging purpose)
898 * @param buffer: Allocated buffer for storing read data
899 * @param quiet: Flag for quiet mode
900 */
901 static int check_empty_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sect_num,
902 int sect_count, const char *filename,
903 uint8_t *buffer, bool quiet)
904 {
905 int pnum, ret = 0;
906 ret = bdrv_read(bs, sect_num, buffer, sect_count);
907 if (ret < 0) {
908 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s: %s",
909 sectors_to_bytes(sect_num), filename, strerror(-ret));
910 return ret;
911 }
912 ret = is_allocated_sectors(buffer, sect_count, &pnum);
913 if (ret || pnum != sect_count) {
914 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
915 sectors_to_bytes(ret ? sect_num : sect_num + pnum));
916 return 1;
917 }
918
919 return 0;
920 }
921
922 /*
923 * Compares two images. Exit codes:
924 *
925 * 0 - Images are identical
926 * 1 - Images differ
927 * >1 - Error occurred
928 */
929 static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
930 {
931 const char *fmt1 = NULL, *fmt2 = NULL, *filename1, *filename2;
932 BlockDriverState *bs1, *bs2;
933 int64_t total_sectors1, total_sectors2;
934 uint8_t *buf1 = NULL, *buf2 = NULL;
935 int pnum1, pnum2;
936 int allocated1, allocated2;
937 int ret = 0; /* return value - 0 Ident, 1 Different, >1 Error */
938 bool progress = false, quiet = false, strict = false;
939 int64_t total_sectors;
940 int64_t sector_num = 0;
941 int64_t nb_sectors;
942 int c, pnum;
943 uint64_t bs_sectors;
944 uint64_t progress_base;
945
946 for (;;) {
947 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hpf:F:sq");
948 if (c == -1) {
949 break;
950 }
951 switch (c) {
952 case '?':
953 case 'h':
954 help();
955 break;
956 case 'f':
957 fmt1 = optarg;
958 break;
959 case 'F':
960 fmt2 = optarg;
961 break;
962 case 'p':
963 progress = true;
964 break;
965 case 'q':
966 quiet = true;
967 break;
968 case 's':
969 strict = true;
970 break;
971 }
972 }
973
974 /* Progress is not shown in Quiet mode */
975 if (quiet) {
976 progress = false;
977 }
978
979
980 if (optind != argc - 2) {
981 error_exit("Expecting two image file names");
982 }
983 filename1 = argv[optind++];
984 filename2 = argv[optind++];
985
986 /* Initialize before goto out */
987 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
988
989 bs1 = bdrv_new_open("image 1", filename1, fmt1, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
990 if (!bs1) {
991 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename1);
992 ret = 2;
993 goto out3;
994 }
995
996 bs2 = bdrv_new_open("image 2", filename2, fmt2, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, quiet);
997 if (!bs2) {
998 error_report("Can't open file %s", filename2);
999 ret = 2;
1000 goto out2;
1001 }
1002
1003 buf1 = qemu_blockalign(bs1, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1004 buf2 = qemu_blockalign(bs2, IO_BUF_SIZE);
1005 bdrv_get_geometry(bs1, &bs_sectors);
1006 total_sectors1 = bs_sectors;
1007 bdrv_get_geometry(bs2, &bs_sectors);
1008 total_sectors2 = bs_sectors;
1009 total_sectors = MIN(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1010 progress_base = MAX(total_sectors1, total_sectors2);
1011
1012 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1013
1014 if (strict && total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1015 ret = 1;
1016 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Image size mismatch!\n");
1017 goto out;
1018 }
1019
1020 for (;;) {
1021 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors, sector_num);
1022 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1023 break;
1024 }
1025 allocated1 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs1, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1026 &pnum1);
1027 if (allocated1 < 0) {
1028 ret = 3;
1029 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename1);
1030 goto out;
1031 }
1032
1033 allocated2 = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs2, NULL, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1034 &pnum2);
1035 if (allocated2 < 0) {
1036 ret = 3;
1037 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s", filename2);
1038 goto out;
1039 }
1040 nb_sectors = MIN(pnum1, pnum2);
1041
1042 if (allocated1 == allocated2) {
1043 if (allocated1) {
1044 ret = bdrv_read(bs1, sector_num, buf1, nb_sectors);
1045 if (ret < 0) {
1046 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 " of %s:"
1047 " %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), filename1,
1048 strerror(-ret));
1049 ret = 4;
1050 goto out;
1051 }
1052 ret = bdrv_read(bs2, sector_num, buf2, nb_sectors);
1053 if (ret < 0) {
1054 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1055 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1056 filename2, strerror(-ret));
1057 ret = 4;
1058 goto out;
1059 }
1060 ret = compare_sectors(buf1, buf2, nb_sectors, &pnum);
1061 if (ret || pnum != nb_sectors) {
1062 qprintf(quiet, "Content mismatch at offset %" PRId64 "!\n",
1063 sectors_to_bytes(
1064 ret ? sector_num : sector_num + pnum));
1065 ret = 1;
1066 goto out;
1067 }
1068 }
1069 } else {
1070 if (strict) {
1071 ret = 1;
1072 qprintf(quiet, "Strict mode: Offset %" PRId64
1073 " allocation mismatch!\n",
1074 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num));
1075 goto out;
1076 }
1077
1078 if (allocated1) {
1079 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs1, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1080 filename1, buf1, quiet);
1081 } else {
1082 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs2, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1083 filename2, buf1, quiet);
1084 }
1085 if (ret) {
1086 if (ret < 0) {
1087 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64 ": %s",
1088 sectors_to_bytes(sector_num), strerror(-ret));
1089 ret = 4;
1090 }
1091 goto out;
1092 }
1093 }
1094 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1095 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1096 }
1097
1098 if (total_sectors1 != total_sectors2) {
1099 BlockDriverState *bs_over;
1100 int64_t total_sectors_over;
1101 const char *filename_over;
1102
1103 qprintf(quiet, "Warning: Image size mismatch!\n");
1104 if (total_sectors1 > total_sectors2) {
1105 total_sectors_over = total_sectors1;
1106 bs_over = bs1;
1107 filename_over = filename1;
1108 } else {
1109 total_sectors_over = total_sectors2;
1110 bs_over = bs2;
1111 filename_over = filename2;
1112 }
1113
1114 for (;;) {
1115 nb_sectors = sectors_to_process(total_sectors_over, sector_num);
1116 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1117 break;
1118 }
1119 ret = bdrv_is_allocated_above(bs_over, NULL, sector_num,
1120 nb_sectors, &pnum);
1121 if (ret < 0) {
1122 ret = 3;
1123 error_report("Sector allocation test failed for %s",
1124 filename_over);
1125 goto out;
1126
1127 }
1128 nb_sectors = pnum;
1129 if (ret) {
1130 ret = check_empty_sectors(bs_over, sector_num, nb_sectors,
1131 filename_over, buf1, quiet);
1132 if (ret) {
1133 if (ret < 0) {
1134 error_report("Error while reading offset %" PRId64
1135 " of %s: %s", sectors_to_bytes(sector_num),
1136 filename_over, strerror(-ret));
1137 ret = 4;
1138 }
1139 goto out;
1140 }
1141 }
1142 sector_num += nb_sectors;
1143 qemu_progress_print(((float) nb_sectors / progress_base)*100, 100);
1144 }
1145 }
1146
1147 qprintf(quiet, "Images are identical.\n");
1148 ret = 0;
1149
1150 out:
1151 bdrv_unref(bs2);
1152 qemu_vfree(buf1);
1153 qemu_vfree(buf2);
1154 out2:
1155 bdrv_unref(bs1);
1156 out3:
1157 qemu_progress_end();
1158 return ret;
1159 }
1160
1161 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
1162 {
1163 int c, n, n1, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
1164 int64_t ret = 0;
1165 int progress = 0, flags;
1166 const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
1167 BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
1168 BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
1169 int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num, bs_offset;
1170 uint64_t bs_sectors;
1171 uint8_t * buf = NULL;
1172 size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1173 const uint8_t *buf1;
1174 BlockDriverInfo bdi;
1175 QEMUOptionParameter *param = NULL, *create_options = NULL;
1176 QEMUOptionParameter *out_baseimg_param;
1177 char *options = NULL;
1178 const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
1179 int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
1180 bool quiet = false;
1181 Error *local_err = NULL;
1182 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
1183
1184 fmt = NULL;
1185 out_fmt = "raw";
1186 cache = "unsafe";
1187 out_baseimg = NULL;
1188 compress = 0;
1189 skip_create = 0;
1190 for(;;) {
1191 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:B:s:hce6o:pS:t:qnl:");
1192 if (c == -1) {
1193 break;
1194 }
1195 switch(c) {
1196 case '?':
1197 case 'h':
1198 help();
1199 break;
1200 case 'f':
1201 fmt = optarg;
1202 break;
1203 case 'O':
1204 out_fmt = optarg;
1205 break;
1206 case 'B':
1207 out_baseimg = optarg;
1208 break;
1209 case 'c':
1210 compress = 1;
1211 break;
1212 case 'e':
1213 error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1214 "encryption\' instead!");
1215 ret = -1;
1216 goto fail_getopt;
1217 case '6':
1218 error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
1219 "compat6\' instead!");
1220 ret = -1;
1221 goto fail_getopt;
1222 case 'o':
1223 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
1224 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
1225 ret = -1;
1226 goto fail_getopt;
1227 }
1228 if (!options) {
1229 options = g_strdup(optarg);
1230 } else {
1231 char *old_options = options;
1232 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
1233 g_free(old_options);
1234 }
1235 break;
1236 case 's':
1237 snapshot_name = optarg;
1238 break;
1239 case 'l':
1240 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
1241 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
1242 if (!sn_opts) {
1243 error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
1244 optarg);
1245 ret = -1;
1246 goto fail_getopt;
1247 }
1248 } else {
1249 snapshot_name = optarg;
1250 }
1251 break;
1252 case 'S':
1253 {
1254 int64_t sval;
1255 char *end;
1256 sval = strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
1257 if (sval < 0 || *end) {
1258 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
1259 ret = -1;
1260 goto fail_getopt;
1261 }
1262
1263 min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1264 break;
1265 }
1266 case 'p':
1267 progress = 1;
1268 break;
1269 case 't':
1270 cache = optarg;
1271 break;
1272 case 'q':
1273 quiet = true;
1274 break;
1275 case 'n':
1276 skip_create = 1;
1277 break;
1278 }
1279 }
1280
1281 /* Initialize before goto out */
1282 if (quiet) {
1283 progress = 0;
1284 }
1285 qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
1286
1287
1288 bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
1289 out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
1290
1291 if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
1292 ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
1293 goto out;
1294 }
1295
1296 if (bs_n < 1) {
1297 error_exit("Must specify image file name");
1298 }
1299
1300
1301 if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
1302 error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
1303 "images");
1304 ret = -1;
1305 goto out;
1306 }
1307
1308 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
1309
1310 bs = g_malloc0(bs_n * sizeof(BlockDriverState *));
1311
1312 total_sectors = 0;
1313 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1314 char *id = bs_n > 1 ? g_strdup_printf("source %d", bs_i)
1315 : g_strdup("source");
1316 bs[bs_i] = bdrv_new_open(id, argv[optind + bs_i], fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
1317 true, quiet);
1318 g_free(id);
1319 if (!bs[bs_i]) {
1320 error_report("Could not open '%s'", argv[optind + bs_i]);
1321 ret = -1;
1322 goto out;
1323 }
1324 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1325 total_sectors += bs_sectors;
1326 }
1327
1328 if (sn_opts) {
1329 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
1330 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
1331 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
1332 &local_err);
1333 } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
1334 if (bs_n > 1) {
1335 error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
1336 ret = -1;
1337 goto out;
1338 }
1339
1340 bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
1341 }
1342 if (local_err) {
1343 error_report("Failed to load snapshot: %s",
1344 error_get_pretty(local_err));
1345 error_free(local_err);
1346 ret = -1;
1347 goto out;
1348 }
1349
1350 /* Find driver and parse its options */
1351 drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
1352 if (!drv) {
1353 error_report("Unknown file format '%s'", out_fmt);
1354 ret = -1;
1355 goto out;
1356 }
1357
1358 proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(out_filename, true);
1359 if (!proto_drv) {
1360 error_report("Unknown protocol '%s'", out_filename);
1361 ret = -1;
1362 goto out;
1363 }
1364
1365 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1366 drv->create_options);
1367 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
1368 proto_drv->create_options);
1369
1370 if (options) {
1371 param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options, param);
1372 if (param == NULL) {
1373 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'.", out_fmt);
1374 ret = -1;
1375 goto out;
1376 }
1377 } else {
1378 param = parse_option_parameters("", create_options, param);
1379 }
1380
1381 set_option_parameter_int(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512);
1382 ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, param, out_baseimg, NULL);
1383 if (ret < 0) {
1384 goto out;
1385 }
1386
1387 /* Get backing file name if -o backing_file was used */
1388 out_baseimg_param = get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE);
1389 if (out_baseimg_param) {
1390 out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param->value.s;
1391 }
1392
1393 /* Check if compression is supported */
1394 if (compress) {
1395 QEMUOptionParameter *encryption =
1396 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT);
1397 QEMUOptionParameter *preallocation =
1398 get_option_parameter(param, BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC);
1399
1400 if (!drv->bdrv_write_compressed) {
1401 error_report("Compression not supported for this file format");
1402 ret = -1;
1403 goto out;
1404 }
1405
1406 if (encryption && encryption->value.n) {
1407 error_report("Compression and encryption not supported at "
1408 "the same time");
1409 ret = -1;
1410 goto out;
1411 }
1412
1413 if (preallocation && preallocation->value.s
1414 && strcmp(preallocation->value.s, "off"))
1415 {
1416 error_report("Compression and preallocation not supported at "
1417 "the same time");
1418 ret = -1;
1419 goto out;
1420 }
1421 }
1422
1423 if (!skip_create) {
1424 /* Create the new image */
1425 ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, param, &local_err);
1426 if (ret < 0) {
1427 error_report("%s: error while converting %s: %s",
1428 out_filename, out_fmt, error_get_pretty(local_err));
1429 error_free(local_err);
1430 goto out;
1431 }
1432 }
1433
1434 flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1435 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
1436 if (ret < 0) {
1437 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
1438 return -1;
1439 }
1440
1441 out_bs = bdrv_new_open("target", out_filename, out_fmt, flags, true, quiet);
1442 if (!out_bs) {
1443 ret = -1;
1444 goto out;
1445 }
1446
1447 bs_i = 0;
1448 bs_offset = 0;
1449 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[0], &bs_sectors);
1450
1451 /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer_length
1452 * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
1453 * as maximum. */
1454 bufsectors = MIN(32768,
1455 MAX(bufsectors, MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer_length,
1456 out_bs->bl.discard_alignment))
1457 );
1458
1459 buf = qemu_blockalign(out_bs, bufsectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
1460
1461 if (skip_create) {
1462 int64_t output_length = bdrv_getlength(out_bs);
1463 if (output_length < 0) {
1464 error_report("unable to get output image length: %s\n",
1465 strerror(-output_length));
1466 ret = -1;
1467 goto out;
1468 } else if (output_length < total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
1469 error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
1470 ret = -1;
1471 goto out;
1472 }
1473 }
1474
1475 cluster_sectors = 0;
1476 ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
1477 if (ret < 0) {
1478 if (compress) {
1479 error_report("could not get block driver info");
1480 goto out;
1481 }
1482 } else {
1483 cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
1484 }
1485
1486 if (compress) {
1487 if (cluster_sectors <= 0 || cluster_sectors > bufsectors) {
1488 error_report("invalid cluster size");
1489 ret = -1;
1490 goto out;
1491 }
1492 sector_num = 0;
1493
1494 nb_sectors = total_sectors;
1495
1496 for(;;) {
1497 int64_t bs_num;
1498 int remainder;
1499 uint8_t *buf2;
1500
1501 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1502 if (nb_sectors <= 0)
1503 break;
1504 if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
1505 n = cluster_sectors;
1506 else
1507 n = nb_sectors;
1508
1509 bs_num = sector_num - bs_offset;
1510 assert (bs_num >= 0);
1511 remainder = n;
1512 buf2 = buf;
1513 while (remainder > 0) {
1514 int nlow;
1515 while (bs_num == bs_sectors) {
1516 bs_i++;
1517 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1518 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1519 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1520 bs_num = 0;
1521 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", "
1522 "bs_i=%d, bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64
1523 "\n", sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1524 }
1525 assert (bs_num < bs_sectors);
1526
1527 nlow = (remainder > bs_sectors - bs_num) ? bs_sectors - bs_num : remainder;
1528
1529 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], bs_num, buf2, nlow);
1530 if (ret < 0) {
1531 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1532 bs_num, strerror(-ret));
1533 goto out;
1534 }
1535
1536 buf2 += nlow * 512;
1537 bs_num += nlow;
1538
1539 remainder -= nlow;
1540 }
1541 assert (remainder == 0);
1542
1543 if (!buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
1544 ret = bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf, n);
1545 if (ret != 0) {
1546 error_report("error while compressing sector %" PRId64
1547 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1548 goto out;
1549 }
1550 }
1551 sector_num += n;
1552 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sector_num / total_sectors, 0);
1553 }
1554 /* signal EOF to align */
1555 bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
1556 } else {
1557 int64_t sectors_to_read, sectors_read, sector_num_next_status;
1558 bool count_allocated_sectors;
1559 int has_zero_init = min_sparse ? bdrv_has_zero_init(out_bs) : 0;
1560
1561 if (!has_zero_init && bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(out_bs)) {
1562 ret = bdrv_make_zero(out_bs, BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP);
1563 if (ret < 0) {
1564 goto out;
1565 }
1566 has_zero_init = 1;
1567 }
1568
1569 sectors_to_read = total_sectors;
1570 count_allocated_sectors = progress && (out_baseimg || has_zero_init);
1571 restart:
1572 sector_num = 0; // total number of sectors converted so far
1573 sectors_read = 0;
1574 sector_num_next_status = 0;
1575
1576 for(;;) {
1577 nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
1578 if (nb_sectors <= 0) {
1579 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1580 sectors_to_read = sectors_read;
1581 count_allocated_sectors = false;
1582 goto restart;
1583 }
1584 ret = 0;
1585 break;
1586 }
1587
1588 while (sector_num - bs_offset >= bs_sectors) {
1589 bs_i ++;
1590 assert (bs_i < bs_n);
1591 bs_offset += bs_sectors;
1592 bdrv_get_geometry(bs[bs_i], &bs_sectors);
1593 /* printf("changing part: sector_num=%" PRId64 ", bs_i=%d, "
1594 "bs_offset=%" PRId64 ", bs_sectors=%" PRId64 "\n",
1595 sector_num, bs_i, bs_offset, bs_sectors); */
1596 }
1597
1598 if ((out_baseimg || has_zero_init) &&
1599 sector_num >= sector_num_next_status) {
1600 n = nb_sectors > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : nb_sectors;
1601 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset,
1602 n, &n1);
1603 if (ret < 0) {
1604 error_report("error while reading block status of sector %"
1605 PRId64 ": %s", sector_num - bs_offset,
1606 strerror(-ret));
1607 goto out;
1608 }
1609 /* If the output image is zero initialized, we are not working
1610 * on a shared base and the input is zero we can skip the next
1611 * n1 sectors */
1612 if (has_zero_init && !out_baseimg && (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) {
1613 sector_num += n1;
1614 continue;
1615 }
1616 /* If the output image is being created as a copy on write
1617 * image, assume that sectors which are unallocated in the
1618 * input image are present in both the output's and input's
1619 * base images (no need to copy them). */
1620 if (out_baseimg) {
1621 if (!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
1622 sector_num += n1;
1623 continue;
1624 }
1625 /* The next 'n1' sectors are allocated in the input image.
1626 * Copy only those as they may be followed by unallocated
1627 * sectors. */
1628 nb_sectors = n1;
1629 }
1630 /* avoid redundant callouts to get_block_status */
1631 sector_num_next_status = sector_num + n1;
1632 }
1633
1634 n = MIN(nb_sectors, bufsectors);
1635
1636 /* round down request length to an aligned sector, but
1637 * do not bother doing this on short requests. They happen
1638 * when we found an all-zero area, and the next sector to
1639 * write will not be sector_num + n. */
1640 if (cluster_sectors > 0 && n >= cluster_sectors) {
1641 int64_t next_aligned_sector = (sector_num + n);
1642 next_aligned_sector -= next_aligned_sector % cluster_sectors;
1643 if (sector_num + n > next_aligned_sector) {
1644 n = next_aligned_sector - sector_num;
1645 }
1646 }
1647
1648 n = MIN(n, bs_sectors - (sector_num - bs_offset));
1649
1650 sectors_read += n;
1651 if (count_allocated_sectors) {
1652 sector_num += n;
1653 continue;
1654 }
1655
1656 n1 = n;
1657 ret = bdrv_read(bs[bs_i], sector_num - bs_offset, buf, n);
1658 if (ret < 0) {
1659 error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64 ": %s",
1660 sector_num - bs_offset, strerror(-ret));
1661 goto out;
1662 }
1663 /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
1664 sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
1665 should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
1666 buf1 = buf;
1667 while (n > 0) {
1668 if (!has_zero_init ||
1669 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf1, n, &n1, min_sparse)) {
1670 ret = bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1);
1671 if (ret < 0) {
1672 error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
1673 ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
1674 goto out;
1675 }
1676 }
1677 sector_num += n1;
1678 n -= n1;
1679 buf1 += n1 * 512;
1680 }
1681 qemu_progress_print(100.0 * sectors_read / sectors_to_read, 0);
1682 }
1683 }
1684 out:
1685 if (!ret) {
1686 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
1687 }
1688 qemu_progress_end();
1689 free_option_parameters(create_options);
1690 free_option_parameters(param);
1691 qemu_vfree(buf);
1692 if (sn_opts) {
1693 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
1694 }
1695 if (out_bs) {
1696 bdrv_unref(out_bs);
1697 }
1698 if (bs) {
1699 for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
1700 if (bs[bs_i]) {
1701 bdrv_unref(bs[bs_i]);
1702 }
1703 }
1704 g_free(bs);
1705 }
1706 fail_getopt:
1707 g_free(options);
1708
1709 if (ret) {
1710 return 1;
1711 }
1712 return 0;
1713 }
1714
1715
1716 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
1717 {
1718 QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
1719 int nb_sns, i;
1720
1721 nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
1722 if (nb_sns <= 0)
1723 return;
1724 printf("Snapshot list:\n");
1725 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, NULL);
1726 printf("\n");
1727 for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
1728 sn = &sn_tab[i];
1729 bdrv_snapshot_dump(fprintf, stdout, sn);
1730 printf("\n");
1731 }
1732 g_free(sn_tab);
1733 }
1734
1735 static void dump_json_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1736 {
1737 Error *local_err = NULL;
1738 QString *str;
1739 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1740 QObject *obj;
1741 visit_type_ImageInfoList(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1742 &list, NULL, &local_err);
1743 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1744 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1745 assert(str != NULL);
1746 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1747 qobject_decref(obj);
1748 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1749 QDECREF(str);
1750 }
1751
1752 static void dump_json_image_info(ImageInfo *info)
1753 {
1754 Error *local_err = NULL;
1755 QString *str;
1756 QmpOutputVisitor *ov = qmp_output_visitor_new();
1757 QObject *obj;
1758 visit_type_ImageInfo(qmp_output_get_visitor(ov),
1759 &info, NULL, &local_err);
1760 obj = qmp_output_get_qobject(ov);
1761 str = qobject_to_json_pretty(obj);
1762 assert(str != NULL);
1763 printf("%s\n", qstring_get_str(str));
1764 qobject_decref(obj);
1765 qmp_output_visitor_cleanup(ov);
1766 QDECREF(str);
1767 }
1768
1769 static void dump_human_image_info_list(ImageInfoList *list)
1770 {
1771 ImageInfoList *elem;
1772 bool delim = false;
1773
1774 for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next) {
1775 if (delim) {
1776 printf("\n");
1777 }
1778 delim = true;
1779
1780 bdrv_image_info_dump(fprintf, stdout, elem->value);
1781 }
1782 }
1783
1784 static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1785 {
1786 return strcmp(a, b) == 0;
1787 }
1788
1789 /**
1790 * Open an image file chain and return an ImageInfoList
1791 *
1792 * @filename: topmost image filename
1793 * @fmt: topmost image format (may be NULL to autodetect)
1794 * @chain: true - enumerate entire backing file chain
1795 * false - only topmost image file
1796 *
1797 * Returns a list of ImageInfo objects or NULL if there was an error opening an
1798 * image file. If there was an error a message will have been printed to
1799 * stderr.
1800 */
1801 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(const char *filename,
1802 const char *fmt,
1803 bool chain)
1804 {
1805 ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
1806 ImageInfoList **last = &head;
1807 GHashTable *filenames;
1808 Error *err = NULL;
1809
1810 filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, str_equal_func, NULL, NULL);
1811
1812 while (filename) {
1813 BlockDriverState *bs;
1814 ImageInfo *info;
1815 ImageInfoList *elem;
1816
1817 if (g_hash_table_lookup_extended(filenames, filename, NULL, NULL)) {
1818 error_report("Backing file '%s' creates an infinite loop.",
1819 filename);
1820 goto err;
1821 }
1822 g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
1823
1824 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
1825 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, false, false);
1826 if (!bs) {
1827 goto err;
1828 }
1829
1830 bdrv_query_image_info(bs, &info, &err);
1831 if (err) {
1832 error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(err));
1833 error_free(err);
1834 bdrv_unref(bs);
1835 goto err;
1836 }
1837
1838 elem = g_new0(ImageInfoList, 1);
1839 elem->value = info;
1840 *last = elem;
1841 last = &elem->next;
1842
1843 bdrv_unref(bs);
1844
1845 filename = fmt = NULL;
1846 if (chain) {
1847 if (info->has_full_backing_filename) {
1848 filename = info->full_backing_filename;
1849 } else if (info->has_backing_filename) {
1850 filename = info->backing_filename;
1851 }
1852 if (info->has_backing_filename_format) {
1853 fmt = info->backing_filename_format;
1854 }
1855 }
1856 }
1857 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1858 return head;
1859
1860 err:
1861 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(head);
1862 g_hash_table_destroy(filenames);
1863 return NULL;
1864 }
1865
1866 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
1867 {
1868 int c;
1869 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1870 bool chain = false;
1871 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
1872 ImageInfoList *list;
1873
1874 fmt = NULL;
1875 output = NULL;
1876 for(;;) {
1877 int option_index = 0;
1878 static const struct option long_options[] = {
1879 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
1880 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
1881 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
1882 {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
1883 {0, 0, 0, 0}
1884 };
1885 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
1886 long_options, &option_index);
1887 if (c == -1) {
1888 break;
1889 }
1890 switch(c) {
1891 case '?':
1892 case 'h':
1893 help();
1894 break;
1895 case 'f':
1896 fmt = optarg;
1897 break;
1898 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
1899 output = optarg;
1900 break;
1901 case OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN:
1902 chain = true;
1903 break;
1904 }
1905 }
1906 if (optind != argc - 1) {
1907 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
1908 }
1909 filename = argv[optind++];
1910
1911 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
1912 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
1913 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
1914 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
1915 } else if (output) {
1916 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
1917 return 1;
1918 }
1919
1920 list = collect_image_info_list(filename, fmt, chain);
1921 if (!list) {
1922 return 1;
1923 }
1924
1925 switch (output_format) {
1926 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1927 dump_human_image_info_list(list);
1928 break;
1929 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1930 if (chain) {
1931 dump_json_image_info_list(list);
1932 } else {
1933 dump_json_image_info(list->value);
1934 }
1935 break;
1936 }
1937
1938 qapi_free_ImageInfoList(list);
1939 return 0;
1940 }
1941
1942
1943 typedef struct MapEntry {
1944 int flags;
1945 int depth;
1946 int64_t start;
1947 int64_t length;
1948 int64_t offset;
1949 BlockDriverState *bs;
1950 } MapEntry;
1951
1952 static void dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, MapEntry *e,
1953 MapEntry *next)
1954 {
1955 switch (output_format) {
1956 case OFORMAT_HUMAN:
1957 if ((e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) &&
1958 !(e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID)) {
1959 error_report("File contains external, encrypted or compressed clusters.");
1960 exit(1);
1961 }
1962 if ((e->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) == BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1963 printf("%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%#-16"PRIx64"%s\n",
1964 e->start, e->length, e->offset, e->bs->filename);
1965 }
1966 /* This format ignores the distinction between 0, ZERO and ZERO|DATA.
1967 * Modify the flags here to allow more coalescing.
1968 */
1969 if (next &&
1970 (next->flags & (BDRV_BLOCK_DATA|BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO)) != BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
1971 next->flags &= ~BDRV_BLOCK_DATA;
1972 next->flags |= BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO;
1973 }
1974 break;
1975 case OFORMAT_JSON:
1976 printf("%s{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64", \"depth\": %d,"
1977 " \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
1978 (e->start == 0 ? "[" : ",\n"),
1979 e->start, e->length, e->depth,
1980 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) ? "true" : "false",
1981 (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) ? "true" : "false");
1982 if (e->flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) {
1983 printf(", \"offset\": %"PRId64"", e->offset);
1984 }
1985 putchar('}');
1986
1987 if (!next) {
1988 printf("]\n");
1989 }
1990 break;
1991 }
1992 }
1993
1994 static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
1995 int nb_sectors, MapEntry *e)
1996 {
1997 int64_t ret;
1998 int depth;
1999
2000 /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
2001 * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
2002 * range repeatedly.
2003 */
2004
2005 depth = 0;
2006 for (;;) {
2007 ret = bdrv_get_block_status(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, &nb_sectors);
2008 if (ret < 0) {
2009 return ret;
2010 }
2011 assert(nb_sectors);
2012 if (ret & (BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO|BDRV_BLOCK_DATA)) {
2013 break;
2014 }
2015 bs = bs->backing_hd;
2016 if (bs == NULL) {
2017 ret = 0;
2018 break;
2019 }
2020
2021 depth++;
2022 }
2023
2024 e->start = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2025 e->length = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
2026 e->flags = ret & ~BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2027 e->offset = ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_MASK;
2028 e->depth = depth;
2029 e->bs = bs;
2030 return 0;
2031 }
2032
2033 static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
2034 {
2035 int c;
2036 OutputFormat output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2037 BlockDriverState *bs;
2038 const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
2039 int64_t length;
2040 MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
2041 int ret = 0;
2042
2043 fmt = NULL;
2044 output = NULL;
2045 for (;;) {
2046 int option_index = 0;
2047 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2048 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2049 {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
2050 {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
2051 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2052 };
2053 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
2054 long_options, &option_index);
2055 if (c == -1) {
2056 break;
2057 }
2058 switch (c) {
2059 case '?':
2060 case 'h':
2061 help();
2062 break;
2063 case 'f':
2064 fmt = optarg;
2065 break;
2066 case OPTION_OUTPUT:
2067 output = optarg;
2068 break;
2069 }
2070 }
2071 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2072 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2073 }
2074 filename = argv[optind];
2075
2076 if (output && !strcmp(output, "json")) {
2077 output_format = OFORMAT_JSON;
2078 } else if (output && !strcmp(output, "human")) {
2079 output_format = OFORMAT_HUMAN;
2080 } else if (output) {
2081 error_report("--output must be used with human or json as argument.");
2082 return 1;
2083 }
2084
2085 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS, true, false);
2086 if (!bs) {
2087 return 1;
2088 }
2089
2090 if (output_format == OFORMAT_HUMAN) {
2091 printf("%-16s%-16s%-16s%s\n", "Offset", "Length", "Mapped to", "File");
2092 }
2093
2094 length = bdrv_getlength(bs);
2095 while (curr.start + curr.length < length) {
2096 int64_t nsectors_left;
2097 int64_t sector_num;
2098 int n;
2099
2100 sector_num = (curr.start + curr.length) >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
2101
2102 /* Probe up to 1 GiB at a time. */
2103 nsectors_left = DIV_ROUND_UP(length, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) - sector_num;
2104 n = MIN(1 << (30 - BDRV_SECTOR_BITS), nsectors_left);
2105 ret = get_block_status(bs, sector_num, n, &next);
2106
2107 if (ret < 0) {
2108 error_report("Could not read file metadata: %s", strerror(-ret));
2109 goto out;
2110 }
2111
2112 if (curr.length != 0 && curr.flags == next.flags &&
2113 curr.depth == next.depth &&
2114 ((curr.flags & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID) == 0 ||
2115 curr.offset + curr.length == next.offset)) {
2116 curr.length += next.length;
2117 continue;
2118 }
2119
2120 if (curr.length > 0) {
2121 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, &next);
2122 }
2123 curr = next;
2124 }
2125
2126 dump_map_entry(output_format, &curr, NULL);
2127
2128 out:
2129 bdrv_unref(bs);
2130 return ret < 0;
2131 }
2132
2133 #define SNAPSHOT_LIST 1
2134 #define SNAPSHOT_CREATE 2
2135 #define SNAPSHOT_APPLY 3
2136 #define SNAPSHOT_DELETE 4
2137
2138 static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
2139 {
2140 BlockDriverState *bs;
2141 QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
2142 char *filename, *snapshot_name = NULL;
2143 int c, ret = 0, bdrv_oflags;
2144 int action = 0;
2145 qemu_timeval tv;
2146 bool quiet = false;
2147 Error *err = NULL;
2148
2149 bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR;
2150 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2151 for(;;) {
2152 c = getopt(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq");
2153 if (c == -1) {
2154 break;
2155 }
2156 switch(c) {
2157 case '?':
2158 case 'h':
2159 help();
2160 return 0;
2161 case 'l':
2162 if (action) {
2163 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2164 return 0;
2165 }
2166 action = SNAPSHOT_LIST;
2167 bdrv_oflags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR; /* no need for RW */
2168 break;
2169 case 'a':
2170 if (action) {
2171 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2172 return 0;
2173 }
2174 action = SNAPSHOT_APPLY;
2175 snapshot_name = optarg;
2176 break;
2177 case 'c':
2178 if (action) {
2179 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2180 return 0;
2181 }
2182 action = SNAPSHOT_CREATE;
2183 snapshot_name = optarg;
2184 break;
2185 case 'd':
2186 if (action) {
2187 error_exit("Cannot mix '-l', '-a', '-c', '-d'");
2188 return 0;
2189 }
2190 action = SNAPSHOT_DELETE;
2191 snapshot_name = optarg;
2192 break;
2193 case 'q':
2194 quiet = true;
2195 break;
2196 }
2197 }
2198
2199 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2200 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2201 }
2202 filename = argv[optind++];
2203
2204 /* Open the image */
2205 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, true, quiet);
2206 if (!bs) {
2207 return 1;
2208 }
2209
2210 /* Perform the requested action */
2211 switch(action) {
2212 case SNAPSHOT_LIST:
2213 dump_snapshots(bs);
2214 break;
2215
2216 case SNAPSHOT_CREATE:
2217 memset(&sn, 0, sizeof(sn));
2218 pstrcpy(sn.name, sizeof(sn.name), snapshot_name);
2219
2220 qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
2221 sn.date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
2222 sn.date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
2223
2224 ret = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, &sn);
2225 if (ret) {
2226 error_report("Could not create snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2227 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2228 }
2229 break;
2230
2231 case SNAPSHOT_APPLY:
2232 ret = bdrv_snapshot_goto(bs, snapshot_name);
2233 if (ret) {
2234 error_report("Could not apply snapshot '%s': %d (%s)",
2235 snapshot_name, ret, strerror(-ret));
2236 }
2237 break;
2238
2239 case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
2240 bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
2241 if (err) {
2242 error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': (%s)",
2243 snapshot_name, error_get_pretty(err));
2244 error_free(err);
2245 ret = 1;
2246 }
2247 break;
2248 }
2249
2250 /* Cleanup */
2251 bdrv_unref(bs);
2252 if (ret) {
2253 return 1;
2254 }
2255 return 0;
2256 }
2257
2258 static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
2259 {
2260 BlockDriverState *bs, *bs_old_backing = NULL, *bs_new_backing = NULL;
2261 BlockDriver *old_backing_drv, *new_backing_drv;
2262 char *filename;
2263 const char *fmt, *cache, *out_basefmt, *out_baseimg;
2264 int c, flags, ret;
2265 int unsafe = 0;
2266 int progress = 0;
2267 bool quiet = false;
2268 Error *local_err = NULL;
2269
2270 /* Parse commandline parameters */
2271 fmt = NULL;
2272 cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
2273 out_baseimg = NULL;
2274 out_basefmt = NULL;
2275 for(;;) {
2276 c = getopt(argc, argv, "uhf:F:b:pt:q");
2277 if (c == -1) {
2278 break;
2279 }
2280 switch(c) {
2281 case '?':
2282 case 'h':
2283 help();
2284 return 0;
2285 case 'f':
2286 fmt = optarg;
2287 break;
2288 case 'F':
2289 out_basefmt = optarg;
2290 break;
2291 case 'b':
2292 out_baseimg = optarg;
2293 break;
2294 case 'u':
2295 unsafe = 1;
2296 break;
2297 case 'p':
2298 progress = 1;
2299 break;
2300 case 't':
2301 cache = optarg;
2302 break;
2303 case 'q':
2304 quiet = true;
2305 break;
2306 }
2307 }
2308
2309 if (quiet) {
2310 progress = 0;
2311 }
2312
2313 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2314 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2315 }
2316 if (!unsafe && !out_baseimg) {
2317 error_exit("Must specify backing file (-b) or use unsafe mode (-u)");
2318 }
2319 filename = argv[optind++];
2320
2321 qemu_progress_init(progress, 2.0);
2322 qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
2323
2324 flags = BDRV_O_RDWR | (unsafe ? BDRV_O_NO_BACKING : 0);
2325 ret = bdrv_parse_cache_flags(cache, &flags);
2326 if (ret < 0) {
2327 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
2328 return -1;
2329 }
2330
2331 /*
2332 * Open the images.
2333 *
2334 * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
2335 * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
2336 */
2337 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, flags, true, quiet);
2338 if (!bs) {
2339 return 1;
2340 }
2341
2342 /* Find the right drivers for the backing files */
2343 old_backing_drv = NULL;
2344 new_backing_drv = NULL;
2345
2346 if (!unsafe && bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
2347 old_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(bs->backing_format);
2348 if (old_backing_drv == NULL) {
2349 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", bs->backing_format);
2350 ret = -1;
2351 goto out;
2352 }
2353 }
2354
2355 if (out_basefmt != NULL) {
2356 new_backing_drv = bdrv_find_format(out_basefmt);
2357 if (new_backing_drv == NULL) {
2358 error_report("Invalid format name: '%s'", out_basefmt);
2359 ret = -1;
2360 goto out;
2361 }
2362 }
2363
2364 /* For safe rebasing we need to compare old and new backing file */
2365 if (unsafe) {
2366 /* Make the compiler happy */
2367 bs_old_backing = NULL;
2368 bs_new_backing = NULL;
2369 } else {
2370 char backing_name[1024];
2371
2372 bs_old_backing = bdrv_new("old_backing", &error_abort);
2373 bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
2374 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_old_backing, backing_name, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_FLAGS,
2375 old_backing_drv, &local_err);
2376 if (ret) {
2377 error_report("Could not open old backing file '%s': %s",
2378 backing_name, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2379 error_free(local_err);
2380 goto out;
2381 }
2382 if (out_baseimg[0]) {
2383 bs_new_backing = bdrv_new("new_backing", &error_abort);
2384 ret = bdrv_open(&bs_new_backing, out_baseimg, NULL, NULL,
2385 BDRV_O_FLAGS, new_backing_drv, &local_err);
2386 if (ret) {
2387 error_report("Could not open new backing file '%s': %s",
2388 out_baseimg, error_get_pretty(local_err));
2389 error_free(local_err);
2390 goto out;
2391 }
2392 }
2393 }
2394
2395 /*
2396 * Check each unallocated cluster in the COW file. If it is unallocated,
2397 * accesses go to the backing file. We must therefore compare this cluster
2398 * in the old and new backing file, and if they differ we need to copy it
2399 * from the old backing file into the COW file.
2400 *
2401 * If qemu-img crashes during this step, no harm is done. The content of
2402 * the image is the same as the original one at any time.
2403 */
2404 if (!unsafe) {
2405 uint64_t num_sectors;
2406 uint64_t old_backing_num_sectors;
2407 uint64_t new_backing_num_sectors = 0;
2408 uint64_t sector;
2409 int n;
2410 uint8_t * buf_old;
2411 uint8_t * buf_new;
2412 float local_progress = 0;
2413
2414 buf_old = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2415 buf_new = qemu_blockalign(bs, IO_BUF_SIZE);
2416
2417 bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &num_sectors);
2418 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_old_backing, &old_backing_num_sectors);
2419 if (bs_new_backing) {
2420 bdrv_get_geometry(bs_new_backing, &new_backing_num_sectors);
2421 }
2422
2423 if (num_sectors != 0) {
2424 local_progress = (float)100 /
2425 (num_sectors / MIN(num_sectors, IO_BUF_SIZE / 512));
2426 }
2427
2428 for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
2429
2430 /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
2431 if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512) <= num_sectors) {
2432 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
2433 } else {
2434 n = num_sectors - sector;
2435 }
2436
2437 /* If the cluster is allocated, we don't need to take action */
2438 ret = bdrv_is_allocated(bs, sector, n, &n);
2439 if (ret < 0) {
2440 error_report("error while reading image metadata: %s",
2441 strerror(-ret));
2442 goto out;
2443 }
2444 if (ret) {
2445 continue;
2446 }
2447
2448 /*
2449 * Read old and new backing file and take into consideration that
2450 * backing files may be smaller than the COW image.
2451 */
2452 if (sector >= old_backing_num_sectors) {
2453 memset(buf_old, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2454 } else {
2455 if (sector + n > old_backing_num_sectors) {
2456 n = old_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2457 }
2458
2459 ret = bdrv_read(bs_old_backing, sector, buf_old, n);
2460 if (ret < 0) {
2461 error_report("error while reading from old backing file");
2462 goto out;
2463 }
2464 }
2465
2466 if (sector >= new_backing_num_sectors || !bs_new_backing) {
2467 memset(buf_new, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
2468 } else {
2469 if (sector + n > new_backing_num_sectors) {
2470 n = new_backing_num_sectors - sector;
2471 }
2472
2473 ret = bdrv_read(bs_new_backing, sector, buf_new, n);
2474 if (ret < 0) {
2475 error_report("error while reading from new backing file");
2476 goto out;
2477 }
2478 }
2479
2480 /* If they differ, we need to write to the COW file */
2481 uint64_t written = 0;
2482
2483 while (written < n) {
2484 int pnum;
2485
2486 if (compare_sectors(buf_old + written * 512,
2487 buf_new + written * 512, n - written, &pnum))
2488 {
2489 ret = bdrv_write(bs, sector + written,
2490 buf_old + written * 512, pnum);
2491 if (ret < 0) {
2492 error_report("Error while writing to COW image: %s",
2493 strerror(-ret));
2494 goto out;
2495 }
2496 }
2497
2498 written += pnum;
2499 }
2500 qemu_progress_print(local_progress, 100);
2501 }
2502
2503 qemu_vfree(buf_old);
2504 qemu_vfree(buf_new);
2505 }
2506
2507 /*
2508 * Change the backing file. All clusters that are different from the old
2509 * backing file are overwritten in the COW file now, so the visible content
2510 * doesn't change when we switch the backing file.
2511 */
2512 if (out_baseimg && *out_baseimg) {
2513 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, out_baseimg, out_basefmt);
2514 } else {
2515 ret = bdrv_change_backing_file(bs, NULL, NULL);
2516 }
2517
2518 if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
2519 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': No "
2520 "space left in the file header", out_baseimg);
2521 } else if (ret < 0) {
2522 error_report("Could not change the backing file to '%s': %s",
2523 out_baseimg, strerror(-ret));
2524 }
2525
2526 qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
2527 /*
2528 * TODO At this point it is possible to check if any clusters that are
2529 * allocated in the COW file are the same in the backing file. If so, they
2530 * could be dropped from the COW file. Don't do this before switching the
2531 * backing file, in case of a crash this would lead to corruption.
2532 */
2533 out:
2534 qemu_progress_end();
2535 /* Cleanup */
2536 if (!unsafe) {
2537 if (bs_old_backing != NULL) {
2538 bdrv_unref(bs_old_backing);
2539 }
2540 if (bs_new_backing != NULL) {
2541 bdrv_unref(bs_new_backing);
2542 }
2543 }
2544
2545 bdrv_unref(bs);
2546 if (ret) {
2547 return 1;
2548 }
2549 return 0;
2550 }
2551
2552 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
2553 {
2554 int c, ret, relative;
2555 const char *filename, *fmt, *size;
2556 int64_t n, total_size;
2557 bool quiet = false;
2558 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2559 QemuOpts *param;
2560 static QemuOptsList resize_options = {
2561 .name = "resize_options",
2562 .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(resize_options.head),
2563 .desc = {
2564 {
2565 .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
2566 .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
2567 .help = "Virtual disk size"
2568 }, {
2569 /* end of list */
2570 }
2571 },
2572 };
2573
2574 /* Remove size from argv manually so that negative numbers are not treated
2575 * as options by getopt. */
2576 if (argc < 3) {
2577 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2578 return 1;
2579 }
2580
2581 size = argv[--argc];
2582
2583 /* Parse getopt arguments */
2584 fmt = NULL;
2585 for(;;) {
2586 c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:hq");
2587 if (c == -1) {
2588 break;
2589 }
2590 switch(c) {
2591 case '?':
2592 case 'h':
2593 help();
2594 break;
2595 case 'f':
2596 fmt = optarg;
2597 break;
2598 case 'q':
2599 quiet = true;
2600 break;
2601 }
2602 }
2603 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2604 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2605 }
2606 filename = argv[optind++];
2607
2608 /* Choose grow, shrink, or absolute resize mode */
2609 switch (size[0]) {
2610 case '+':
2611 relative = 1;
2612 size++;
2613 break;
2614 case '-':
2615 relative = -1;
2616 size++;
2617 break;
2618 default:
2619 relative = 0;
2620 break;
2621 }
2622
2623 /* Parse size */
2624 param = qemu_opts_create(&resize_options, NULL, 0, &error_abort);
2625 if (qemu_opt_set(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, size)) {
2626 /* Error message already printed when size parsing fails */
2627 ret = -1;
2628 qemu_opts_del(param);
2629 goto out;
2630 }
2631 n = qemu_opt_get_size(param, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
2632 qemu_opts_del(param);
2633
2634 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt, BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR,
2635 true, quiet);
2636 if (!bs) {
2637 ret = -1;
2638 goto out;
2639 }
2640
2641 if (relative) {
2642 total_size = bdrv_getlength(bs) + n * relative;
2643 } else {
2644 total_size = n;
2645 }
2646 if (total_size <= 0) {
2647 error_report("New image size must be positive");
2648 ret = -1;
2649 goto out;
2650 }
2651
2652 ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, total_size);
2653 switch (ret) {
2654 case 0:
2655 qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
2656 break;
2657 case -ENOTSUP:
2658 error_report("This image does not support resize");
2659 break;
2660 case -EACCES:
2661 error_report("Image is read-only");
2662 break;
2663 default:
2664 error_report("Error resizing image (%d)", -ret);
2665 break;
2666 }
2667 out:
2668 if (bs) {
2669 bdrv_unref(bs);
2670 }
2671 if (ret) {
2672 return 1;
2673 }
2674 return 0;
2675 }
2676
2677 static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
2678 {
2679 int c, ret = 0;
2680 char *options = NULL;
2681 QEMUOptionParameter *create_options = NULL, *options_param = NULL;
2682 const char *fmt = NULL, *filename;
2683 bool quiet = false;
2684 BlockDriverState *bs = NULL;
2685
2686 for (;;) {
2687 c = getopt(argc, argv, "hqf:o:");
2688 if (c == -1) {
2689 break;
2690 }
2691
2692 switch (c) {
2693 case 'h':
2694 case '?':
2695 help();
2696 break;
2697 case 'o':
2698 if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
2699 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
2700 ret = -1;
2701 goto out;
2702 }
2703 if (!options) {
2704 options = g_strdup(optarg);
2705 } else {
2706 char *old_options = options;
2707 options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
2708 g_free(old_options);
2709 }
2710 break;
2711 case 'f':
2712 fmt = optarg;
2713 break;
2714 case 'q':
2715 quiet = true;
2716 break;
2717 }
2718 }
2719
2720 if (!options) {
2721 error_exit("Must specify options (-o)");
2722 }
2723
2724 filename = (optind == argc - 1) ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
2725 if (fmt && has_help_option(options)) {
2726 /* If a format is explicitly specified (and possibly no filename is
2727 * given), print option help here */
2728 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2729 goto out;
2730 }
2731
2732 if (optind != argc - 1) {
2733 error_exit("Expecting one image file name");
2734 }
2735
2736 bs = bdrv_new_open("image", filename, fmt,
2737 BDRV_O_FLAGS | BDRV_O_RDWR, true, quiet);
2738 if (!bs) {
2739 error_report("Could not open image '%s'", filename);
2740 ret = -1;
2741 goto out;
2742 }
2743
2744 fmt = bs->drv->format_name;
2745
2746 if (has_help_option(options)) {
2747 /* If the format was auto-detected, print option help here */
2748 ret = print_block_option_help(filename, fmt);
2749 goto out;
2750 }
2751
2752 create_options = append_option_parameters(create_options,
2753 bs->drv->create_options);
2754 options_param = parse_option_parameters(options, create_options,
2755 options_param);
2756 if (options_param == NULL) {
2757 error_report("Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
2758 ret = -1;
2759 goto out;
2760 }
2761
2762 ret = bdrv_amend_options(bs, options_param);
2763 if (ret < 0) {
2764 error_report("Error while amending options: %s", strerror(-ret));
2765 goto out;
2766 }
2767
2768 out:
2769 if (bs) {
2770 bdrv_unref(bs);
2771 }
2772 free_option_parameters(create_options);
2773 free_option_parameters(options_param);
2774 g_free(options);
2775
2776 if (ret) {
2777 return 1;
2778 }
2779 return 0;
2780 }
2781
2782 static const img_cmd_t img_cmds[] = {
2783 #define DEF(option, callback, arg_string) \
2784 { option, callback },
2785 #include "qemu-img-cmds.h"
2786 #undef DEF
2787 #undef GEN_DOCS
2788 { NULL, NULL, },
2789 };
2790
2791 int main(int argc, char **argv)
2792 {
2793 const img_cmd_t *cmd;
2794 const char *cmdname;
2795 int c;
2796 static const struct option long_options[] = {
2797 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
2798 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
2799 {0, 0, 0, 0}
2800 };
2801
2802 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
2803 signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
2804 #endif
2805
2806 error_set_progname(argv[0]);
2807 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2808
2809 qemu_init_main_loop();
2810 bdrv_init();
2811 if (argc < 2) {
2812 error_exit("Not enough arguments");
2813 }
2814 cmdname = argv[1];
2815
2816 /* find the command */
2817 for (cmd = img_cmds; cmd->name != NULL; cmd++) {
2818 if (!strcmp(cmdname, cmd->name)) {
2819 return cmd->handler(argc - 1, argv + 1);
2820 }
2821 }
2822
2823 c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", long_options, NULL);
2824
2825 if (c == 'h') {
2826 help();
2827 }
2828 if (c == 'v') {
2829 printf(QEMU_IMG_VERSION);
2830 return 0;
2831 }
2832
2833 /* not found */
2834 error_exit("Command not found: %s", cmdname);
2835 }
QEmu