Lib/pstats.py

   1 """Class for printing reports on profiled python code."""
   2
   3 # Class for printing reports on profiled python code. rev 1.0  4/1/94
   4 #
   5 # Based on prior profile module by Sjoerd Mullender...
   6 #   which was hacked somewhat by: Guido van Rossum
   7 #
   8 # see profile.doc and profile.py for more info.
   9
  10 # Copyright 1994, by InfoSeek Corporation, all rights reserved.
  11 # Written by James Roskind
  12 #
  13 # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software
  14 # and its associated documentation for any purpose (subject to the
  15 # restriction in the following sentence) without fee is hereby granted,
  16 # provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and
  17 # that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
  18 # supporting documentation, and that the name of InfoSeek not be used in
  19 # advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
  20 # without specific, written prior permission.  This permission is
  21 # explicitly restricted to the copying and modification of the software
  22 # to remain in Python, compiled Python, or other languages (such as C)
  23 # wherein the modified or derived code is exclusively imported into a
  24 # Python module.
  25 #
  26 # INFOSEEK CORPORATION DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
  27 # SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
  28 # FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INFOSEEK CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
  29 # SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
  30 # RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
  31 # CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
  32 # CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
  33
  34
  35 import sys
  36 import os
  37 import time
  38 import marshal
  39 import re
  40 from functools import cmp_to_key
  41
  42 __all__ = ["Stats"]
  43
  44 class Stats:
  45     """This class is used for creating reports from data generated by the
  46     Profile class.  It is a "friend" of that class, and imports data either
  47     by direct access to members of Profile class, or by reading in a dictionary
  48     that was emitted (via marshal) from the Profile class.
  49
  50     The big change from the previous Profiler (in terms of raw functionality)
  51     is that an "add()" method has been provided to combine Stats from
  52     several distinct profile runs.  Both the constructor and the add()
  53     method now take arbitrarily many file names as arguments.
  54
  55     All the print methods now take an argument that indicates how many lines
  56     to print.  If the arg is a floating point number between 0 and 1.0, then
  57     it is taken as a decimal percentage of the available lines to be printed
  58     (e.g., .1 means print 10% of all available lines).  If it is an integer,
  59     it is taken to mean the number of lines of data that you wish to have
  60     printed.
  61
  62     The sort_stats() method now processes some additional options (i.e., in
  63     addition to the old -1, 0, 1, or 2).  It takes an arbitrary number of
  64     quoted strings to select the sort order.  For example sort_stats('time',
  65     'name') sorts on the major key of 'internal function time', and on the
  66     minor key of 'the name of the function'.  Look at the two tables in
  67     sort_stats() and get_sort_arg_defs(self) for more examples.
  68
  69     All methods return self,  so you can string together commands like:
  70         Stats('foo', 'goo').strip_dirs().sort_stats('calls').\
  71                             print_stats(5).print_callers(5)
  72     """
  73
  74     def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
  75         # I can't figure out how to explictly specify a stream keyword arg
  76         # with *args:
  77         #   def __init__(self, *args, stream=sys.stdout): ...
  78         # so I use **kwds and sqauwk if something unexpected is passed in.
  79         self.stream = sys.stdout
  80         if "stream" in kwds:
  81             self.stream = kwds["stream"]
  82             del kwds["stream"]
  83         if kwds:
  84             keys = kwds.keys()
  85             keys.sort()
  86             extras = ", ".join(["%s=%s" % (k, kwds[k]) for k in keys])
  87             raise ValueError, "unrecognized keyword args: %s" % extras
  88         if not len(args):
  89             arg = None
  90         else:
  91             arg = args[0]
  92             args = args[1:]
  93         self.init(arg)
  94         self.add(*args)
  95
  96     def init(self, arg):
  97         self.all_callees = None  # calc only if needed
  98         self.files = []
  99         self.fcn_list = None
 100         self.total_tt = 0
 101         self.total_calls = 0
 102         self.prim_calls = 0
 103         self.max_name_len = 0
 104         self.top_level = {}
 105         self.stats = {}
 106         self.sort_arg_dict = {}
 107         self.load_stats(arg)
 108         trouble = 1
 109         try:
 110             self.get_top_level_stats()
 111             trouble = 0
 112         finally:
 113             if trouble:
 114                 print >> self.stream, "Invalid timing data",
 115                 if self.files: print >> self.stream, self.files[-1],
 116                 print >> self.stream
 117
 118     def load_stats(self, arg):
 119         if not arg:  self.stats = {}
 120         elif isinstance(arg, basestring):
 121             f = open(arg, 'rb')
 122             self.stats = marshal.load(f)
 123             f.close()
 124             try:
 125                 file_stats = os.stat(arg)
 126                 arg = time.ctime(file_stats.st_mtime) + "    " + arg
 127             except:  # in case this is not unix
 128                 pass
 129             self.files = [ arg ]
 130         elif hasattr(arg, 'create_stats'):
 131             arg.create_stats()
 132             self.stats = arg.stats
 133             arg.stats = {}
 134         if not self.stats:
 135             raise TypeError,  "Cannot create or construct a %r object from '%r''" % (
 136                               self.__class__, arg)
 137         return
 138
 139     def get_top_level_stats(self):
 140         for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.items():
 141             self.total_calls += nc
 142             self.prim_calls  += cc
 143             self.total_tt    += tt
 144             if ("jprofile", 0, "profiler") in callers:
 145                 self.top_level[func] = None
 146             if len(func_std_string(func)) > self.max_name_len:
 147                 self.max_name_len = len(func_std_string(func))
 148
 149     def add(self, *arg_list):
 150         if not arg_list: return self
 151         if len(arg_list) > 1: self.add(*arg_list[1:])
 152         other = arg_list[0]
 153         if type(self) != type(other) or self.__class__ != other.__class__:
 154             other = Stats(other)
 155         self.files += other.files
 156         self.total_calls += other.total_calls
 157         self.prim_calls += other.prim_calls
 158         self.total_tt += other.total_tt
 159         for func in other.top_level:
 160             self.top_level[func] = None
 161
 162         if self.max_name_len < other.max_name_len:
 163             self.max_name_len = other.max_name_len
 164
 165         self.fcn_list = None
 166
 167         for func, stat in other.stats.iteritems():
 168             if func in self.stats:
 169                 old_func_stat = self.stats[func]
 170             else:
 171                 old_func_stat = (0, 0, 0, 0, {},)
 172             self.stats[func] = add_func_stats(old_func_stat, stat)
 173         return self
 174
 175     def dump_stats(self, filename):
 176         """Write the profile data to a file we know how to load back."""
 177         f = file(filename, 'wb')
 178         try:
 179             marshal.dump(self.stats, f)
 180         finally:
 181             f.close()
 182
 183     # list the tuple indices and directions for sorting,
 184     # along with some printable description
 185     sort_arg_dict_default = {
 186               "calls"     : (((1,-1),              ), "call count"),
 187               "cumulative": (((3,-1),              ), "cumulative time"),
 188               "file"      : (((4, 1),              ), "file name"),
 189               "line"      : (((5, 1),              ), "line number"),
 190               "module"    : (((4, 1),              ), "file name"),
 191               "name"      : (((6, 1),              ), "function name"),
 192               "nfl"       : (((6, 1),(4, 1),(5, 1),), "name/file/line"),
 193               "pcalls"    : (((0,-1),              ), "call count"),
 194               "stdname"   : (((7, 1),              ), "standard name"),
 195               "time"      : (((2,-1),              ), "internal time"),
 196               }
 197
 198     def get_sort_arg_defs(self):
 199         """Expand all abbreviations that are unique."""
 200         if not self.sort_arg_dict:
 201             self.sort_arg_dict = dict = {}
 202             bad_list = {}
 203             for word, tup in self.sort_arg_dict_default.iteritems():
 204                 fragment = word
 205                 while fragment:
 206                     if not fragment:
 207                         break
 208                     if fragment in dict:
 209                         bad_list[fragment] = 0
 210                         break
 211                     dict[fragment] = tup
 212                     fragment = fragment[:-1]
 213             for word in bad_list:
 214                 del dict[word]
 215         return self.sort_arg_dict
 216
 217     def sort_stats(self, *field):
 218         if not field:
 219             self.fcn_list = 0
 220             return self
 221         if len(field) == 1 and type(field[0]) == type(1):
 222             # Be compatible with old profiler
 223             field = [ {-1: "stdname",
 224                       0:"calls",
 225                       1:"time",
 226                       2: "cumulative" }  [ field[0] ] ]
 227
 228         sort_arg_defs = self.get_sort_arg_defs()
 229         sort_tuple = ()
 230         self.sort_type = ""
 231         connector = ""
 232         for word in field:
 233             sort_tuple = sort_tuple + sort_arg_defs[word][0]
 234             self.sort_type += connector + sort_arg_defs[word][1]
 235             connector = ", "
 236
 237         stats_list = []
 238         for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.iteritems():
 239             stats_list.append((cc, nc, tt, ct) + func +
 240                               (func_std_string(func), func))
 241
 242         stats_list.sort(key=cmp_to_key(TupleComp(sort_tuple).compare))
 243
 244         self.fcn_list = fcn_list = []
 245         for tuple in stats_list:
 246             fcn_list.append(tuple[-1])
 247         return self
 248
 249     def reverse_order(self):
 250         if self.fcn_list:
 251             self.fcn_list.reverse()
 252         return self
 253
 254     def strip_dirs(self):
 255         oldstats = self.stats
 256         self.stats = newstats = {}
 257         max_name_len = 0
 258         for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in oldstats.iteritems():
 259             newfunc = func_strip_path(func)
 260             if len(func_std_string(newfunc)) > max_name_len:
 261                 max_name_len = len(func_std_string(newfunc))
 262             newcallers = {}
 263             for func2, caller in callers.iteritems():
 264                 newcallers[func_strip_path(func2)] = caller
 265
 266             if newfunc in newstats:
 267                 newstats[newfunc] = add_func_stats(
 268                                         newstats[newfunc],
 269                                         (cc, nc, tt, ct, newcallers))
 270             else:
 271                 newstats[newfunc] = (cc, nc, tt, ct, newcallers)
 272         old_top = self.top_level
 273         self.top_level = new_top = {}
 274         for func in old_top:
 275             new_top[func_strip_path(func)] = None
 276
 277         self.max_name_len = max_name_len
 278
 279         self.fcn_list = None
 280         self.all_callees = None
 281         return self
 282
 283     def calc_callees(self):
 284         if self.all_callees: return
 285         self.all_callees = all_callees = {}
 286         for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.iteritems():
 287             if not func in all_callees:
 288                 all_callees[func] = {}
 289             for func2, caller in callers.iteritems():
 290                 if not func2 in all_callees:
 291                     all_callees[func2] = {}
 292                 all_callees[func2][func]  = caller
 293         return
 294
 295     #******************************************************************
 296     # The following functions support actual printing of reports
 297     #******************************************************************
 298
 299     # Optional "amount" is either a line count, or a percentage of lines.
 300
 301     def eval_print_amount(self, sel, list, msg):
 302         new_list = list
 303         if type(sel) == type(""):
 304             new_list = []
 305             for func in list:
 306                 if re.search(sel, func_std_string(func)):
 307                     new_list.append(func)
 308         else:
 309             count = len(list)
 310             if type(sel) == type(1.0) and 0.0 <= sel < 1.0:
 311                 count = int(count * sel + .5)
 312                 new_list = list[:count]
 313             elif type(sel) == type(1) and 0 <= sel < count:
 314                 count = sel
 315                 new_list = list[:count]
 316         if len(list) != len(new_list):
 317             msg = msg + "   List reduced from %r to %r due to restriction <%r>\n" % (
 318                          len(list), len(new_list), sel)
 319
 320         return new_list, msg
 321
 322     def get_print_list(self, sel_list):
 323         width = self.max_name_len
 324         if self.fcn_list:
 325             list = self.fcn_list[:]
 326             msg = "   Ordered by: " + self.sort_type + '\n'
 327         else:
 328             list = self.stats.keys()
 329             msg = "   Random listing order was used\n"
 330
 331         for selection in sel_list:
 332             list, msg = self.eval_print_amount(selection, list, msg)
 333
 334         count = len(list)
 335
 336         if not list:
 337             return 0, list
 338         print >> self.stream, msg
 339         if count < len(self.stats):
 340             width = 0
 341             for func in list:
 342                 if  len(func_std_string(func)) > width:
 343                     width = len(func_std_string(func))
 344         return width+2, list
 345
 346     def print_stats(self, *amount):
 347         for filename in self.files:
 348             print >> self.stream, filename
 349         if self.files: print >> self.stream
 350         indent = ' ' * 8
 351         for func in self.top_level:
 352             print >> self.stream, indent, func_get_function_name(func)
 353
 354         print >> self.stream, indent, self.total_calls, "function calls",
 355         if self.total_calls != self.prim_calls:
 356             print >> self.stream, "(%d primitive calls)" % self.prim_calls,
 357         print >> self.stream, "in %.3f CPU seconds" % self.total_tt
 358         print >> self.stream
 359         width, list = self.get_print_list(amount)
 360         if list:
 361             self.print_title()
 362             for func in list:
 363                 self.print_line(func)
 364             print >> self.stream
 365             print >> self.stream
 366         return self
 367
 368     def print_callees(self, *amount):
 369         width, list = self.get_print_list(amount)
 370         if list:
 371             self.calc_callees()
 372
 373             self.print_call_heading(width, "called...")
 374             for func in list:
 375                 if func in self.all_callees:
 376                     self.print_call_line(width, func, self.all_callees[func])
 377                 else:
 378                     self.print_call_line(width, func, {})
 379             print >> self.stream
 380             print >> self.stream
 381         return self
 382
 383     def print_callers(self, *amount):
 384         width, list = self.get_print_list(amount)
 385         if list:
 386             self.print_call_heading(width, "was called by...")
 387             for func in list:
 388                 cc, nc, tt, ct, callers = self.stats[func]
 389                 self.print_call_line(width, func, callers, "<-")
 390             print >> self.stream
 391             print >> self.stream
 392         return self
 393
 394     def print_call_heading(self, name_size, column_title):
 395         print >> self.stream, "Function ".ljust(name_size) + column_title
 396         # print sub-header only if we have new-style callers
 397         subheader = False
 398         for cc, nc, tt, ct, callers in self.stats.itervalues():
 399             if callers:
 400                 value = callers.itervalues().next()
 401                 subheader = isinstance(value, tuple)
 402                 break
 403         if subheader:
 404             print >> self.stream, " "*name_size + "    ncalls  tottime  cumtime"
 405
 406     def print_call_line(self, name_size, source, call_dict, arrow="->"):
 407         print >> self.stream, func_std_string(source).ljust(name_size) + arrow,
 408         if not call_dict:
 409             print >> self.stream
 410             return
 411         clist = call_dict.keys()
 412         clist.sort()
 413         indent = ""
 414         for func in clist:
 415             name = func_std_string(func)
 416             value = call_dict[func]
 417             if isinstance(value, tuple):
 418                 nc, cc, tt, ct = value
 419                 if nc != cc:
 420                     substats = '%d/%d' % (nc, cc)
 421                 else:
 422                     substats = '%d' % (nc,)
 423                 substats = '%s %s %s  %s' % (substats.rjust(7+2*len(indent)),
 424                                              f8(tt), f8(ct), name)
 425                 left_width = name_size + 1
 426             else:
 427                 substats = '%s(%r) %s' % (name, value, f8(self.stats[func][3]))
 428                 left_width = name_size + 3
 429             print >> self.stream, indent*left_width + substats
 430             indent = " "
 431
 432     def print_title(self):
 433         print >> self.stream, '   ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall',
 434         print >> self.stream, 'filename:lineno(function)'
 435
 436     def print_line(self, func):  # hack : should print percentages
 437         cc, nc, tt, ct, callers = self.stats[func]
 438         c = str(nc)
 439         if nc != cc:
 440             c = c + '/' + str(cc)
 441         print >> self.stream, c.rjust(9),
 442         print >> self.stream, f8(tt),
 443         if nc == 0:
 444             print >> self.stream, ' '*8,
 445         else:
 446             print >> self.stream, f8(float(tt)/nc),
 447         print >> self.stream, f8(ct),
 448         if cc == 0:
 449             print >> self.stream, ' '*8,
 450         else:
 451             print >> self.stream, f8(float(ct)/cc),
 452         print >> self.stream, func_std_string(func)
 453
 454 class TupleComp:
 455     """This class provides a generic function for comparing any two tuples.
 456     Each instance records a list of tuple-indices (from most significant
 457     to least significant), and sort direction (ascending or decending) for
 458     each tuple-index.  The compare functions can then be used as the function
 459     argument to the system sort() function when a list of tuples need to be
 460     sorted in the instances order."""
 461
 462     def __init__(self, comp_select_list):
 463         self.comp_select_list = comp_select_list
 464
 465     def compare (self, left, right):
 466         for index, direction in self.comp_select_list:
 467             l = left[index]
 468             r = right[index]
 469             if l < r:
 470                 return -direction
 471             if l > r:
 472                 return direction
 473         return 0
 474
 475 #**************************************************************************
 476 # func_name is a triple (file:string, line:int, name:string)
 477
 478 def func_strip_path(func_name):
 479     filename, line, name = func_name
 480     return os.path.basename(filename), line, name
 481
 482 def func_get_function_name(func):
 483     return func[2]
 484
 485 def func_std_string(func_name): # match what old profile produced
 486     if func_name[:2] == ('~', 0):
 487         # special case for built-in functions
 488         name = func_name[2]
 489         if name.startswith('<') and name.endswith('>'):
 490             return '{%s}' % name[1:-1]
 491         else:
 492             return name
 493     else:
 494         return "%s:%d(%s)" % func_name
 495
 496 #**************************************************************************
 497 # The following functions combine statists for pairs functions.
 498 # The bulk of the processing involves correctly handling "call" lists,
 499 # such as callers and callees.
 500 #**************************************************************************
 501
 502 def add_func_stats(target, source):
 503     """Add together all the stats for two profile entries."""
 504     cc, nc, tt, ct, callers = source
 505     t_cc, t_nc, t_tt, t_ct, t_callers = target
 506     return (cc+t_cc, nc+t_nc, tt+t_tt, ct+t_ct,
 507               add_callers(t_callers, callers))
 508
 509 def add_callers(target, source):
 510     """Combine two caller lists in a single list."""
 511     new_callers = {}
 512     for func, caller in target.iteritems():
 513         new_callers[func] = caller
 514     for func, caller in source.iteritems():
 515         if func in new_callers:
 516             new_callers[func] = tuple([i[0] + i[1] for i in
 517                                        zip(caller, new_callers[func])])
 518         else:
 519             new_callers[func] = caller
 520     return new_callers
 521
 522 def count_calls(callers):
 523     """Sum the caller statistics to get total number of calls received."""
 524     nc = 0
 525     for calls in callers.itervalues():
 526         nc += calls
 527     return nc
 528
 529 #**************************************************************************
 530 # The following functions support printing of reports
 531 #**************************************************************************
 532
 533 def f8(x):
 534     return "%8.3f" % x
 535
 536 #**************************************************************************
 537 # Statistics browser added by ESR, April 2001
 538 #**************************************************************************
 539
 540 if __name__ == '__main__':
 541     import cmd
 542     try:
 543         import readline
 544     except ImportError:
 545         pass
 546
 547     class ProfileBrowser(cmd.Cmd):
 548         def __init__(self, profile=None):
 549             cmd.Cmd.__init__(self)
 550             self.prompt = "% "
 551             if profile is not None:
 552                 self.stats = Stats(profile)
 553                 self.stream = self.stats.stream
 554             else:
 555                 self.stats = None
 556                 self.stream = sys.stdout
 557
 558         def generic(self, fn, line):
 559             args = line.split()
 560             processed = []
 561             for term in args:
 562                 try:
 563                     processed.append(int(term))
 564                     continue
 565                 except ValueError:
 566                     pass
 567                 try:
 568                     frac = float(term)
 569                     if frac > 1 or frac < 0:
 570                         print >> self.stream, "Fraction argument must be in [0, 1]"
 571                         continue
 572                     processed.append(frac)
 573                     continue
 574                 except ValueError:
 575                     pass
 576                 processed.append(term)
 577             if self.stats:
 578                 getattr(self.stats, fn)(*processed)
 579             else:
 580                 print >> self.stream, "No statistics object is loaded."
 581             return 0
 582         def generic_help(self):
 583             print >> self.stream, "Arguments may be:"
 584             print >> self.stream, "* An integer maximum number of entries to print."
 585             print >> self.stream, "* A decimal fractional number between 0 and 1, controlling"
 586             print >> self.stream, "  what fraction of selected entries to print."
 587             print >> self.stream, "* A regular expression; only entries with function names"
 588             print >> self.stream, "  that match it are printed."
 589
 590         def do_add(self, line):
 591             self.stats.add(line)
 592             return 0
 593         def help_add(self):
 594             print >> self.stream, "Add profile info from given file to current statistics object."
 595
 596         def do_callees(self, line):
 597             return self.generic('print_callees', line)
 598         def help_callees(self):
 599             print >> self.stream, "Print callees statistics from the current stat object."
 600             self.generic_help()
 601
 602         def do_callers(self, line):
 603             return self.generic('print_callers', line)
 604         def help_callers(self):
 605             print >> self.stream, "Print callers statistics from the current stat object."
 606             self.generic_help()
 607
 608         def do_EOF(self, line):
 609             print >> self.stream, ""
 610             return 1
 611         def help_EOF(self):
 612             print >> self.stream, "Leave the profile brower."
 613
 614         def do_quit(self, line):
 615             return 1
 616         def help_quit(self):
 617             print >> self.stream, "Leave the profile brower."
 618
 619         def do_read(self, line):
 620             if line:
 621                 try:
 622                     self.stats = Stats(line)
 623                 except IOError, args:
 624                     print >> self.stream, args[1]
 625                     return
 626                 self.prompt = line + "% "
 627             elif len(self.prompt) > 2:
 628                 line = self.prompt[-2:]
 629             else:
 630                 print >> self.stream, "No statistics object is current -- cannot reload."
 631             return 0
 632         def help_read(self):
 633             print >> self.stream, "Read in profile data from a specified file."
 634
 635         def do_reverse(self, line):
 636             self.stats.reverse_order()
 637             return 0
 638         def help_reverse(self):
 639             print >> self.stream, "Reverse the sort order of the profiling report."
 640
 641         def do_sort(self, line):
 642             abbrevs = self.stats.get_sort_arg_defs()
 643             if line and all((x in abbrevs) for x in line.split()):
 644                 self.stats.sort_stats(*line.split())
 645             else:
 646                 print >> self.stream, "Valid sort keys (unique prefixes are accepted):"
 647                 for (key, value) in Stats.sort_arg_dict_default.iteritems():
 648                     print >> self.stream, "%s -- %s" % (key, value[1])
 649             return 0
 650         def help_sort(self):
 651             print >> self.stream, "Sort profile data according to specified keys."
 652             print >> self.stream, "(Typing `sort' without arguments lists valid keys.)"
 653         def complete_sort(self, text, *args):
 654             return [a for a in Stats.sort_arg_dict_default if a.startswith(text)]
 655
 656         def do_stats(self, line):
 657             return self.generic('print_stats', line)
 658         def help_stats(self):
 659             print >> self.stream, "Print statistics from the current stat object."
 660             self.generic_help()
 661
 662         def do_strip(self, line):
 663             self.stats.strip_dirs()
 664             return 0
 665         def help_strip(self):
 666             print >> self.stream, "Strip leading path information from filenames in the report."
 667
 668         def postcmd(self, stop, line):
 669             if stop:
 670                 return stop
 671             return None
 672
 673     import sys
 674     if len(sys.argv) > 1:
 675         initprofile = sys.argv[1]
 676     else:
 677         initprofile = None
 678     try:
 679         browser = ProfileBrowser(initprofile)
 680         print >> browser.stream, "Welcome to the profile statistics browser."
 681         browser.cmdloop()
 682         print >> browser.stream, "Goodbye."
 683     except KeyboardInterrupt:
 684         pass
 685
 686 # That's all, folks.