Makefile.am: add gitversion.h to BUILT_SOURCES

[ppcg.git] / cpu.c

/*
 * Copyright 2012 INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt
 * Copyright 2012 Ecole Normale Superieure
 *
 * Use of this software is governed by the MIT license
 *
 * Written by Tobias Grosser, INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt,
 * Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquenqourt, B.P. 105,
 * 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex France
 * and Sven Verdoolaege,
 * Ecole Normale Superieure, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris, France
 */

#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <isl/aff.h>
#include <isl/ctx.h>
#include <isl/flow.h>
#include <isl/map.h>
#include <isl/ast_build.h>
#include <isl/schedule.h>
#include <isl/schedule_node.h>
#include <pet.h>

#include "ppcg.h"
#include "ppcg_options.h"
#include "cpu.h"
#include "print.h"
#include "schedule.h"
#include "util.h"

/* Representation of a statement inside a generated AST.
 *
 * "stmt" refers to the original statement.
 * "ref2expr" maps the reference identifier of each access in
 * the statement to an AST expression that should be printed
 * at the place of the access.
 */
struct ppcg_stmt {
        struct pet_stmt *stmt;

        isl_id_to_ast_expr *ref2expr;
};

static void ppcg_stmt_free(void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_stmt *stmt = user;

        if (!stmt)
                return;

        isl_id_to_ast_expr_free(stmt->ref2expr);

        free(stmt);
}

/* Derive the output file name from the input file name.
 * 'input' is the entire path of the input file. The output
 * is the file name plus the additional extension.
 *
 * We will basically replace everything after the last point
 * with '.ppcg.c'. This means file.c becomes file.ppcg.c
 */
static FILE *get_output_file(const char *input, const char *output)
{
        char name[PATH_MAX];
        const char *ext;
        const char ppcg_marker[] = ".ppcg";
        int len;
        FILE *file;

        len = ppcg_extract_base_name(name, input);

        strcpy(name + len, ppcg_marker);
        ext = strrchr(input, '.');
        strcpy(name + len + sizeof(ppcg_marker) - 1, ext ? ext : ".c");

        if (!output)
                output = name;

        file = fopen(output, "w");
        if (!file) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open '%s' for writing\n", output);
                return NULL;
        }

        return file;
}

/* Data used to annotate for nodes in the ast.
 */
struct ast_node_userinfo {
        /* The for node is an openmp parallel for node. */
        int is_openmp;
};

/* Information used while building the ast.
 */
struct ast_build_userinfo {
        /* The current ppcg scop. */
        struct ppcg_scop *scop;

        /* Are we currently in a parallel for loop? */
        int in_parallel_for;
};

/* Check if the current scheduling dimension is parallel.
 *
 * We check for parallelism by verifying that the loop does not carry any
 * dependences.
 * If the live_range_reordering option is set, then this currently
 * includes the order dependences.  In principle, non-zero order dependences
 * could be allowed, but this would require privatization and/or expansion.
 *
 * Parallelism test: if the distance is zero in all outer dimensions, then it
 * has to be zero in the current dimension as well.
 * Implementation: first, translate dependences into time space, then force
 * outer dimensions to be equal.  If the distance is zero in the current
 * dimension, then the loop is parallel.
 * The distance is zero in the current dimension if it is a subset of a map
 * with equal values for the current dimension.
 */
static int ast_schedule_dim_is_parallel(__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
        struct ppcg_scop *scop)
{
        isl_union_map *schedule, *deps;
        isl_map *schedule_deps, *test;
        isl_space *schedule_space;
        unsigned i, dimension, is_parallel;

        schedule = isl_ast_build_get_schedule(build);
        schedule_space = isl_ast_build_get_schedule_space(build);

        dimension = isl_space_dim(schedule_space, isl_dim_out) - 1;

        deps = isl_union_map_copy(scop->dep_flow);
        deps = isl_union_map_union(deps, isl_union_map_copy(scop->dep_false));
        if (scop->options->live_range_reordering) {
                isl_union_map *order = isl_union_map_copy(scop->dep_order);
                deps = isl_union_map_union(deps, order);
        }
        deps = isl_union_map_apply_range(deps, isl_union_map_copy(schedule));
        deps = isl_union_map_apply_domain(deps, schedule);

        if (isl_union_map_is_empty(deps)) {
                isl_union_map_free(deps);
                isl_space_free(schedule_space);
                return 1;
        }

        schedule_deps = isl_map_from_union_map(deps);

        for (i = 0; i < dimension; i++)
                schedule_deps = isl_map_equate(schedule_deps, isl_dim_out, i,
                                               isl_dim_in, i);

        test = isl_map_universe(isl_map_get_space(schedule_deps));
        test = isl_map_equate(test, isl_dim_out, dimension, isl_dim_in,
                              dimension);
        is_parallel = isl_map_is_subset(schedule_deps, test);

        isl_space_free(schedule_space);
        isl_map_free(test);
        isl_map_free(schedule_deps);

        return is_parallel;
}

/* Mark a for node openmp parallel, if it is the outermost parallel for node.
 */
static void mark_openmp_parallel(__isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
        struct ast_build_userinfo *build_info,
        struct ast_node_userinfo *node_info)
{
        if (build_info->in_parallel_for)
                return;

        if (ast_schedule_dim_is_parallel(build, build_info->scop)) {
                build_info->in_parallel_for = 1;
                node_info->is_openmp = 1;
        }
}

/* Allocate an ast_node_info structure and initialize it with default values.
 */
static struct ast_node_userinfo *allocate_ast_node_userinfo()
{
        struct ast_node_userinfo *node_info;
        node_info = (struct ast_node_userinfo *)
                malloc(sizeof(struct ast_node_userinfo));
        node_info->is_openmp = 0;
        return node_info;
}

/* Free an ast_node_info structure.
 */
static void free_ast_node_userinfo(void *ptr)
{
        struct ast_node_userinfo *info;
        info = (struct ast_node_userinfo *) ptr;
        free(info);
}

/* This method is executed before the construction of a for node. It creates
 * an isl_id that is used to annotate the subsequently generated ast for nodes.
 *
 * In this function we also run the following analyses:
 *
 *      - Detection of openmp parallel loops
 */
static __isl_give isl_id *ast_build_before_for(
        __isl_keep isl_ast_build *build, void *user)
{
        isl_id *id;
        struct ast_build_userinfo *build_info;
        struct ast_node_userinfo *node_info;

        build_info = (struct ast_build_userinfo *) user;
        node_info = allocate_ast_node_userinfo();
        id = isl_id_alloc(isl_ast_build_get_ctx(build), "", node_info);
        id = isl_id_set_free_user(id, free_ast_node_userinfo);

        mark_openmp_parallel(build, build_info, node_info);

        return id;
}

/* This method is executed after the construction of a for node.
 *
 * It performs the following actions:
 *
 *      - Reset the 'in_parallel_for' flag, as soon as we leave a for node,
 *        that is marked as openmp parallel.
 *
 */
static __isl_give isl_ast_node *ast_build_after_for(
        __isl_take isl_ast_node *node, __isl_keep isl_ast_build *build,
        void *user)
{
        isl_id *id;
        struct ast_build_userinfo *build_info;
        struct ast_node_userinfo *info;

        id = isl_ast_node_get_annotation(node);
        info = isl_id_get_user(id);

        if (info && info->is_openmp) {
                build_info = (struct ast_build_userinfo *) user;
                build_info->in_parallel_for = 0;
        }

        isl_id_free(id);

        return node;
}

/* Find the element in scop->stmts that has the given "id".
 */
static struct pet_stmt *find_stmt(struct ppcg_scop *scop, __isl_keep isl_id *id)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < scop->pet->n_stmt; ++i) {
                struct pet_stmt *stmt = scop->pet->stmts[i];
                isl_id *id_i;

                id_i = isl_set_get_tuple_id(stmt->domain);
                isl_id_free(id_i);

                if (id_i == id)
                        return stmt;
        }

        isl_die(isl_id_get_ctx(id), isl_error_internal,
                "statement not found", return NULL);
}

/* Print a user statement in the generated AST.
 * The ppcg_stmt has been attached to the node in at_each_domain.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *print_user(__isl_take isl_printer *p,
        __isl_take isl_ast_print_options *print_options,
        __isl_keep isl_ast_node *node, void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_stmt *stmt;
        isl_id *id;

        id = isl_ast_node_get_annotation(node);
        stmt = isl_id_get_user(id);
        isl_id_free(id);

        p = pet_stmt_print_body(stmt->stmt, p, stmt->ref2expr);

        isl_ast_print_options_free(print_options);

        return p;
}


/* Print a for loop node as an openmp parallel loop.
 *
 * To print an openmp parallel loop we print a normal for loop, but add
 * "#pragma openmp parallel for" in front.
 *
 * Variables that are declared within the body of this for loop are
 * automatically openmp 'private'. Iterators declared outside of the
 * for loop are automatically openmp 'shared'. As ppcg declares all iterators
 * at the position where they are assigned, there is no need to explicitly mark
 * variables. Their automatically assigned type is already correct.
 *
 * This function only generates valid OpenMP code, if the ast was generated
 * with the 'atomic-bounds' option enabled.
 *
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *print_for_with_openmp(
        __isl_keep isl_ast_node *node, __isl_take isl_printer *p,
        __isl_take isl_ast_print_options *print_options)
{
        p = isl_printer_start_line(p);
        p = isl_printer_print_str(p, "#pragma omp parallel for");
        p = isl_printer_end_line(p);

        p = isl_ast_node_for_print(node, p, print_options);

        return p;
}

/* Print a for node.
 *
 * Depending on how the node is annotated, we either print a normal
 * for node or an openmp parallel for node.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *print_for(__isl_take isl_printer *p,
        __isl_take isl_ast_print_options *print_options,
        __isl_keep isl_ast_node *node, void *user)
{
        isl_id *id;
        int openmp;

        openmp = 0;
        id = isl_ast_node_get_annotation(node);

        if (id) {
                struct ast_node_userinfo *info;

                info = (struct ast_node_userinfo *) isl_id_get_user(id);
                if (info && info->is_openmp)
                        openmp = 1;
        }

        if (openmp)
                p = print_for_with_openmp(node, p, print_options);
        else
                p = isl_ast_node_for_print(node, p, print_options);

        isl_id_free(id);

        return p;
}

/* Index transformation callback for pet_stmt_build_ast_exprs.
 *
 * "index" expresses the array indices in terms of statement iterators
 * "iterator_map" expresses the statement iterators in terms of
 * AST loop iterators.
 *
 * The result expresses the array indices in terms of
 * AST loop iterators.
 */
static __isl_give isl_multi_pw_aff *pullback_index(
        __isl_take isl_multi_pw_aff *index, __isl_keep isl_id *id, void *user)
{
        isl_pw_multi_aff *iterator_map = user;

        iterator_map = isl_pw_multi_aff_copy(iterator_map);
        return isl_multi_pw_aff_pullback_pw_multi_aff(index, iterator_map);
}

/* Transform the accesses in the statement associated to the domain
 * called by "node" to refer to the AST loop iterators, construct
 * corresponding AST expressions using "build",
 * collect them in a ppcg_stmt and annotate the node with the ppcg_stmt.
 */
static __isl_give isl_ast_node *at_each_domain(__isl_take isl_ast_node *node,
        __isl_keep isl_ast_build *build, void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_scop *scop = user;
        isl_ast_expr *expr, *arg;
        isl_ctx *ctx;
        isl_id *id;
        isl_map *map;
        isl_pw_multi_aff *iterator_map;
        struct ppcg_stmt *stmt;

        ctx = isl_ast_node_get_ctx(node);
        stmt = isl_calloc_type(ctx, struct ppcg_stmt);
        if (!stmt)
                goto error;

        expr = isl_ast_node_user_get_expr(node);
        arg = isl_ast_expr_get_op_arg(expr, 0);
        isl_ast_expr_free(expr);
        id = isl_ast_expr_get_id(arg);
        isl_ast_expr_free(arg);
        stmt->stmt = find_stmt(scop, id);
        isl_id_free(id);
        if (!stmt->stmt)
                goto error;

        map = isl_map_from_union_map(isl_ast_build_get_schedule(build));
        map = isl_map_reverse(map);
        iterator_map = isl_pw_multi_aff_from_map(map);
        stmt->ref2expr = pet_stmt_build_ast_exprs(stmt->stmt, build,
                                    &pullback_index, iterator_map, NULL, NULL);
        isl_pw_multi_aff_free(iterator_map);

        id = isl_id_alloc(isl_ast_node_get_ctx(node), NULL, stmt);
        id = isl_id_set_free_user(id, &ppcg_stmt_free);
        return isl_ast_node_set_annotation(node, id);
error:
        ppcg_stmt_free(stmt);
        return isl_ast_node_free(node);
}

/* Set *depth (initialized to 0 by the caller) to the maximum
 * of the schedule depths of the leaf nodes for which this function is called.
 */
static isl_bool update_depth(__isl_keep isl_schedule_node *node, void *user)
{
        int *depth = user;
        int node_depth;

        if (isl_schedule_node_get_type(node) != isl_schedule_node_leaf)
                return isl_bool_true;
        node_depth = isl_schedule_node_get_schedule_depth(node);
        if (node_depth > *depth)
                *depth = node_depth;

        return isl_bool_false;
}

/* This function is called for each node in a CPU AST.
 * In case of a user node, print the macro definitions required
 * for printing the AST expressions in the annotation, if any.
 * For other nodes, return true such that descendants are also
 * visited.
 *
 * In particular, print the macro definitions needed for the substitutions
 * of the original user statements.
 */
static isl_bool at_node(__isl_keep isl_ast_node *node, void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_stmt *stmt;
        isl_id *id;
        isl_printer **p = user;

        if (isl_ast_node_get_type(node) != isl_ast_node_user)
                return isl_bool_true;

        id = isl_ast_node_get_annotation(node);
        stmt = isl_id_get_user(id);
        isl_id_free(id);

        if (!stmt)
                return isl_bool_error;

        *p = ppcg_print_body_macros(*p, stmt->ref2expr);
        if (!*p)
                return isl_bool_error;

        return isl_bool_false;
}

/* Print the required macros for the CPU AST "node" to "p",
 * including those needed for the user statements inside the AST.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *cpu_print_macros(__isl_take isl_printer *p,
        __isl_keep isl_ast_node *node)
{
        if (isl_ast_node_foreach_descendant_top_down(node, &at_node, &p) < 0)
                return isl_printer_free(p);
        p = ppcg_print_macros(p, node);
        return p;
}

/* Code generate the scop 'scop' using "schedule"
 * and print the corresponding C code to 'p'.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *print_scop(struct ppcg_scop *scop,
        __isl_take isl_schedule *schedule, __isl_take isl_printer *p,
        struct ppcg_options *options)
{
        isl_ctx *ctx = isl_printer_get_ctx(p);
        isl_ast_build *build;
        isl_ast_print_options *print_options;
        isl_ast_node *tree;
        isl_id_list *iterators;
        struct ast_build_userinfo build_info;
        int depth;

        depth = 0;
        if (isl_schedule_foreach_schedule_node_top_down(schedule, &update_depth,
                                                &depth) < 0)
                goto error;

        build = isl_ast_build_alloc(ctx);
        iterators = ppcg_scop_generate_names(scop, depth, "c");
        build = isl_ast_build_set_iterators(build, iterators);
        build = isl_ast_build_set_at_each_domain(build, &at_each_domain, scop);

        if (options->openmp) {
                build_info.scop = scop;
                build_info.in_parallel_for = 0;

                build = isl_ast_build_set_before_each_for(build,
                                                        &ast_build_before_for,
                                                        &build_info);
                build = isl_ast_build_set_after_each_for(build,
                                                        &ast_build_after_for,
                                                        &build_info);
        }

        tree = isl_ast_build_node_from_schedule(build, schedule);
        isl_ast_build_free(build);

        print_options = isl_ast_print_options_alloc(ctx);
        print_options = isl_ast_print_options_set_print_user(print_options,
                                                        &print_user, NULL);

        print_options = isl_ast_print_options_set_print_for(print_options,
                                                        &print_for, NULL);

        p = cpu_print_macros(p, tree);
        p = isl_ast_node_print(tree, p, print_options);

        isl_ast_node_free(tree);

        return p;
error:
        isl_schedule_free(schedule);
        isl_printer_free(p);
        return NULL;
}

/* Tile the band node "node" with tile sizes "sizes" and
 * mark all members of the resulting tile node as "atomic".
 */
static __isl_give isl_schedule_node *tile(__isl_take isl_schedule_node *node,
        __isl_take isl_multi_val *sizes)
{
        node = isl_schedule_node_band_tile(node, sizes);
        node = ppcg_set_schedule_node_type(node, isl_ast_loop_atomic);

        return node;
}

/* Tile "node", if it is a band node with at least 2 members.
 * The tile sizes are set from the "tile_size" option.
 */
static __isl_give isl_schedule_node *tile_band(
        __isl_take isl_schedule_node *node, void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_scop *scop = user;
        int n;
        isl_space *space;
        isl_multi_val *sizes;

        if (isl_schedule_node_get_type(node) != isl_schedule_node_band)
                return node;

        n = isl_schedule_node_band_n_member(node);
        if (n <= 1)
                return node;

        space = isl_schedule_node_band_get_space(node);
        sizes = ppcg_multi_val_from_int(space, scop->options->tile_size);

        return tile(node, sizes);
}

/* Construct schedule constraints from the dependences in ps
 * for the purpose of computing a schedule for a CPU.
 *
 * The proximity constraints are set to the flow dependences.
 *
 * If live-range reordering is allowed then the conditional validity
 * constraints are set to the order dependences with the flow dependences
 * as condition.  That is, a live-range (flow dependence) will be either
 * local to an iteration of a band or all adjacent order dependences
 * will be respected by the band.
 * The validity constraints are set to the union of the flow dependences
 * and the forced dependences, while the coincidence constraints
 * are set to the union of the flow dependences, the forced dependences and
 * the order dependences.
 *
 * If live-range reordering is not allowed, then both the validity
 * and the coincidence constraints are set to the union of the flow
 * dependences and the false dependences.
 *
 * Note that the coincidence constraints are only set when the "openmp"
 * options is set.  Even though the way openmp pragmas are introduced
 * does not rely on the coincident property of the schedule band members,
 * the coincidence constraints do affect the way the schedule is constructed,
 * such that more schedule dimensions should be detected as parallel
 * by ast_schedule_dim_is_parallel.
 * Since the order dependences are also taken into account by
 * ast_schedule_dim_is_parallel, they are also added to
 * the coincidence constraints.  If the openmp handling learns
 * how to privatize some memory, then the corresponding order
 * dependences can be removed from the coincidence constraints.
 */
static __isl_give isl_schedule_constraints *construct_cpu_schedule_constraints(
        struct ppcg_scop *ps)
{
        isl_schedule_constraints *sc;
        isl_union_map *validity, *coincidence;

        sc = isl_schedule_constraints_on_domain(isl_union_set_copy(ps->domain));
        if (ps->options->live_range_reordering) {
                sc = isl_schedule_constraints_set_conditional_validity(sc,
                                isl_union_map_copy(ps->tagged_dep_flow),
                                isl_union_map_copy(ps->tagged_dep_order));
                validity = isl_union_map_copy(ps->dep_flow);
                validity = isl_union_map_union(validity,
                                isl_union_map_copy(ps->dep_forced));
                if (ps->options->openmp) {
                        coincidence = isl_union_map_copy(validity);
                        coincidence = isl_union_map_union(coincidence,
                                        isl_union_map_copy(ps->dep_order));
                }
        } else {
                validity = isl_union_map_copy(ps->dep_flow);
                validity = isl_union_map_union(validity,
                                isl_union_map_copy(ps->dep_false));
                if (ps->options->openmp)
                        coincidence = isl_union_map_copy(validity);
        }
        if (ps->options->openmp)
                sc = isl_schedule_constraints_set_coincidence(sc, coincidence);
        sc = isl_schedule_constraints_set_validity(sc, validity);
        sc = isl_schedule_constraints_set_proximity(sc,
                                        isl_union_map_copy(ps->dep_flow));

        return sc;
}

/* Compute a schedule for the scop "ps".
 *
 * First derive the appropriate schedule constraints from the dependences
 * in "ps" and then compute a schedule from those schedule constraints,
 * possibly grouping statement instances based on the input schedule.
 */
static __isl_give isl_schedule *compute_cpu_schedule(struct ppcg_scop *ps)
{
        isl_schedule_constraints *sc;
        isl_schedule *schedule;

        if (!ps)
                return NULL;

        sc = construct_cpu_schedule_constraints(ps);

        if (ps->options->debug->dump_schedule_constraints)
                isl_schedule_constraints_dump(sc);
        schedule = ppcg_compute_schedule(sc, ps->schedule, ps->options);

        return schedule;
}

/* Compute a new schedule to the scop "ps" if the reschedule option is set.
 * Otherwise, return a copy of the original schedule.
 */
static __isl_give isl_schedule *optionally_compute_schedule(void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_scop *ps = user;

        if (!ps)
                return NULL;
        if (!ps->options->reschedule)
                return isl_schedule_copy(ps->schedule);
        return compute_cpu_schedule(ps);
}

/* Compute a schedule based on the dependences in "ps" and
 * tile it if requested by the user.
 */
static __isl_give isl_schedule *get_schedule(struct ppcg_scop *ps,
        struct ppcg_options *options)
{
        isl_ctx *ctx;
        isl_schedule *schedule;

        if (!ps)
                return NULL;

        ctx = isl_union_set_get_ctx(ps->domain);
        schedule = ppcg_get_schedule(ctx, options,
                                    &optionally_compute_schedule, ps);
        if (ps->options->tile)
                schedule = isl_schedule_map_schedule_node_bottom_up(schedule,
                                                        &tile_band, ps);

        return schedule;
}

/* Generate CPU code for the scop "ps" using "schedule" and
 * print the corresponding C code to "p", including variable declarations.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *print_cpu_with_schedule(
        __isl_take isl_printer *p, struct ppcg_scop *ps,
        __isl_take isl_schedule *schedule, struct ppcg_options *options)
{
        int hidden;
        isl_set *context;

        p = isl_printer_start_line(p);
        p = isl_printer_print_str(p, "/* ppcg generated CPU code */");
        p = isl_printer_end_line(p);

        p = isl_printer_start_line(p);
        p = isl_printer_end_line(p);

        p = ppcg_set_macro_names(p);
        p = ppcg_print_exposed_declarations(p, ps);
        hidden = ppcg_scop_any_hidden_declarations(ps);
        if (hidden) {
                p = ppcg_start_block(p);
                p = ppcg_print_hidden_declarations(p, ps);
        }

        context = isl_set_copy(ps->context);
        context = isl_set_from_params(context);
        schedule = isl_schedule_insert_context(schedule, context);
        if (options->debug->dump_final_schedule)
                isl_schedule_dump(schedule);
        p = print_scop(ps, schedule, p, options);
        if (hidden)
                p = ppcg_end_block(p);

        return p;
}

/* Generate CPU code for the scop "ps" and print the corresponding C code
 * to "p", including variable declarations.
 */
__isl_give isl_printer *print_cpu(__isl_take isl_printer *p,
        struct ppcg_scop *ps, struct ppcg_options *options)
{
        isl_schedule *schedule;

        schedule = isl_schedule_copy(ps->schedule);
        return print_cpu_with_schedule(p, ps, schedule, options);
}

/* Generate CPU code for "scop" and print it to "p".
 *
 * First obtain a schedule for "scop" and then print code for "scop"
 * using that schedule.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *generate(__isl_take isl_printer *p,
        struct ppcg_scop *scop, struct ppcg_options *options)
{
        isl_schedule *schedule;

        schedule = get_schedule(scop, options);

        return print_cpu_with_schedule(p, scop, schedule, options);
}

/* Wrapper around generate for use as a ppcg_transform callback.
 */
static __isl_give isl_printer *print_cpu_wrap(__isl_take isl_printer *p,
        struct ppcg_scop *scop, void *user)
{
        struct ppcg_options *options = user;

        return generate(p, scop, options);
}

/* Transform the code in the file called "input" by replacing
 * all scops by corresponding CPU code and write the results to a file
 * called "output".
 */
int generate_cpu(isl_ctx *ctx, struct ppcg_options *options,
        const char *input, const char *output)
{
        FILE *output_file;
        int r;

        output_file = get_output_file(input, output);
        if (!output_file)
                return -1;

        r = ppcg_transform(ctx, input, output_file, options,
                                        &print_cpu_wrap, options);

        fclose(output_file);

        return r;
}