pae2xml.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2
   3
   4 # Copyright (C) 2003 Rainer Typke
   5 # Copyright (C) 2010 Reinhold Kainhofer <reinhold@kainhofer.com>
   6 #pae2xml is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version
   7 #2 as published by the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation</a>.
   8 #This gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify <em>pae2xml</em> under
   9 #certain conditions. Read
  10 #the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" target="_top">online version of the license</a>
  11 #for more details. pae2xml is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  12 #INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  13
  14 our $script = "pae2xml.pl";
  15 our $version = "1.0";
  16
  17 ### Handle command-line options
  18
  19 # import module
  20 use Getopt::Long;
  21 use File::Basename;
  22
  23 our $format = 'rism';
  24
  25 sub print_help {
  26   print 'pae2xml.pl [OPTIONS...] FILE
  27
  28   Converts the Plaine & Easie file FILE to MusicXML. If FILE is -, STDIN is used.
  29
  30   Possible options:
  31     -h, --help          Prints out this help message
  32     --format=FORMAT, -f FORMAT
  33                         Interprets input file as FORMAT. Possible values are
  34                            rism, pae (default: rism)
  35     -v, -- version      Prints out version information
  36 ';
  37 }
  38 sub print_version {
  39   print "$script $version
  40   Copyright (C) 2003 Rainer Typke
  41   Copyright (C) 2010 Reinhold Kainhofer <reinhold\@kainhofer.com>
  42 ";
  43 }
  44 sub handle_options {
  45   my $print_help = 0;
  46   my $print_version = 0;
  47   my $result = GetOptions ("f|format=s" => \$format, "help|h" => \$print_help, "version|v" => \$print_version);
  48   if ($print_version) {
  49     print_version ();
  50     exit 0;
  51   }
  52   if ($print_help || (@ARGV == 0)) {
  53     print_help ();
  54     exit 0;
  55   }
  56 }
  57 handle_options ();
  58
  59
  60
  61 $divisions = 960;
  62 $old_duration = $divisions;
  63 $old_type = "";
  64 $old_octave = 4;
  65 $BEAM = 0;
  66 @rhythmic_model = ();
  67 $rhythmic_model_index = 0;
  68
  69 # Store all alterations already used in the current measure, so that e.g.
  70 # xCC also detects the second note as a Cis! Needs to be reset at the
  71 # beginning of a new bar.
  72 %active_alterations = {};
  73
  74 ($mday, $mon, $year) = (localtime()) [3..5];
  75 $encoding_date = sprintf("%4d-%02d-%02d", $year + 1900, $mon+1, $mday);
  76
  77 $TIE = 0;
  78
  79 foreach $a (@ARGV) {
  80   $p = read_file($a);
  81   $toprint = "";
  82   if ($format eq "rism") {
  83     $p =~ s/\s*\=\=+\s*(.*?)\s*\=\=+\s*/$1/sg;
  84     $p =~ s/\s*included.*?-------------*\s*(.*?)\s*/$1/s;
  85
  86     ($q, $r) = ($p, $p);
  87     if ($q !~ /^.*1\.1\.1.*$/gsx && $r =~ /^.*plain.*$/gsx) {
  88       print_error("$a contains 'plain', but not 1.1.1!\n");
  89     } else {
  90       if ($p =~ /^\s*([^\n]+)\n(.*?)\n((\d+\.\d+\.\d.*?plain.*?\n)+)(.*?)\n?([^\n]+)\n([^\n]+)\s*$/gs)    {
  91         my ($comp, $title, $incipits, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = ($1, $2, $3, $5, $6, $7);
  92
  93         $toprint .= "
  94 COMPOSER:   $comp
  95 TITLE:      $title
  96 INCIPIT(S): $incipits
  97 OTHER INFO: $sonst
  98 LIB. SIGN.: $libsig
  99 RISM SIGN.: $rismsig\n\n";
 100         parse_rism_incipits($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 101       }
 102       else {
 103         if (index($p,"plain&easy") > -1) {
 104           print_error("Ignoring the following text:\n\n\n$p\n\n\n");
 105         }
 106       }
 107     }
 108   } else {
 109     # Just a plaine & easie snippet, without any further RISM fields
 110     if ($a eq "-") {
 111       $filename = "out.xml";
 112     } else {
 113       $filename = basename ($a, ".pae") . ".xml";
 114     }
 115     parse_pe ($filename, $p, "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
 116   }
 117 }
 118
 119
 120 ##############################################################################
 121 ### RISM file parsing
 122 ##############################################################################
 123
 124 sub parse_rism_incipits {
 125   my ($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
 126
 127   $toprint .= "parsing:   $incipits\n";
 128
 129   while ($incipits =~ /^(\d+\.\d+\..+?)(\d+\.\d+\..*)$/gs) {
 130     my ($inc1) = $1;
 131     $incipits = $2;
 132     parse_rism_incipit($inc1, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 133   }
 134   parse_rism_incipit($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 135 }
 136
 137 sub parse_rism_incipit {
 138   my ($pe, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
 139
 140   if ($pe =~ /^\s*(\d+\.\d+\.\d)(\.|:)\s*(.*?)\nplain&easy:\s*(.*)$/gs) {
 141     my ($inr, $instr, $pecode) = ($1, $3, $4);
 142
 143     my $filename="$rismsig-$inr.xml";
 144     $filename =~ s/RISM\s*A\/II\s*:?\s*//gs;
 145
 146     foreach $_ ($rismsig,$title,$inr,$instr,$comp,$libsig,$sonst)
 147     {
 148         s/
 149 //;
 150     }
 151     $toprint .= "
 152 INCIPIT NO.:  $inr
 153 INSTR.:       $instr\n";
 154     parse_pe ($filename, $pecode, $inr, $instr, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 155
 156   } else {
 157     print_error("could not parse $pe\n");
 158   }
 159 }
 160
 161
 162 ##############################################################################
 163 ### pure Plaine & Easie data parsing
 164 ##############################################################################
 165
 166 sub parse_pe {
 167   my ($filename, $pe, $inr, $instr, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
 168
 169   $pe =~ s/@ü/@0ü/gs; # make missing time signature explicit
 170   while ($pe =~ s/([^\-])(\d+)(\'|\,)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$1$3$2$4/gs) {};  # octave first, then duration. Truly global.
 171
 172   if ($pe =~ /^\s*(%([\w\-\+\d]+))?(@([\d\w\/ ]+))?\s*&?\s*(\$([^ü]*))?ü(.*)$/gs) {
 173     my ($clef, $timesig, $keysig, $rest) = ($2, $4, $6, $7);
 174
 175     print "Writing $filename...\n";
 176     open(OUT, ">$filename");
 177
 178
 179     print OUT '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
 180 <!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 2.0 Partwise//EN" "http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
 181 <score-partwise>
 182 ';
 183     print OUT " <work>\n" if ($rismsig || $title);
 184     print OUT "         <work-number>$rismsig</work-number>\n" if ($rismsig);
 185     print OUT "         <work-title>$title</work-title>\n" if ($title);
 186     print OUT " </work>\n" if ($rismsig || $title);
 187     print OUT " <movement-number>$inr</movement-number>\n" if ($inr);
 188     print OUT " <movement-title>$instr</movement-title>\n" if ($instr);
 189     print OUT " <identification>\n";
 190     print OUT "         <creator type=\"composer\">$comp</creator>\n" if ($comp);
 191     print OUT '         <encoding>
 192                         <software>pae2xml by R. Typke</software>
 193                         <encoding-date>'.$encoding_date.'</encoding-date>
 194                 </encoding>
 195 ';
 196     print OUT "         <source>$libsig</source>\n" if ($libsig);
 197     print OUT ' </identification>
 198         <part-list>
 199                 <score-part id="P1">
 200                         <part-name>'.$sonst.'</part-name>
 201                 </score-part>
 202         </part-list>
 203         <part id="P1">
 204                 <measure number="1">
 205                         <attributes>
 206                                 <divisions>'.$divisions.'</divisions>
 207 '.keysignature ($keysig)
 208 .timesignature ($timesig)
 209 .clef ($clef)
 210 .'                      </attributes>
 211 ';
 212
 213
 214     $toprint .= "
 215 CLEF:         $clef
 216 KEY SIG.:     $keysig
 217 TIME SIG.:    $timesig
 218 REST:         $rest\n";
 219     parse_notes($rest, $keysig);
 220   }
 221   else { print_error("could not parse $pe\n"); }
 222   print OUT "   </part>
 223 </score-partwise>\n";
 224   close OUT;
 225 }
 226
 227 # Repeat $1 by a count of $2
 228 sub repeat {
 229   (my $e, my $count) = @_;
 230   my $res = "";
 231   for (my $i=1; $i <= $count; ++$i)
 232   {
 233     $res .= $e;
 234   }
 235   return $res;
 236 }
 237
 238 sub parse_notes {
 239   my ($notes, $keysig) = @_;
 240   my $qq = 0; # in group of cue notes
 241
 242   my $meas = 2;   # measure number
 243   my $mopen = 1;  # measure tag still open
 244
 245   if ($notes =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*$/) {
 246     $notes = $1;
 247   }
 248
 249   $notes =~ s/!([^!]*)!(f*)/repeat($1, length($2)+1)/gse;  # write out repetitions
 250   while ( $notes =~ s/(:?\/+:?|^)([^\/:]*)(:?\/+:?)i(:?\/+:?)/$1$2$3$2$4/gs) {}; # replace whole-measure repeats (i notation)
 251
 252   $notes =~ s/(\d+)\(([^;]+\))/\($1$2/gs;       # pull note lengths into fermatas or triplets
 253   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)\(/\($1/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas:
 254   $notes =~ s/(\d+)(xx|x|bb|b|n)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$2$1$3/gs;  # accidentals first, then duration
 255
 256   $notes =~ s/(\.|\d|\,|\')qq/qq$1/gs; # pull beginning mark of group of grace notes in front of corresponding notes
 257   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)qq/qq$1/gs;  # qq first, then parts of notes
 258   $notes =~ s/([\.\d,'xbn])+(q|g)/$2$1/gs; # q and g first, then parts of notes
 259   $notes =~ s/(\{)(\d\.*(\d\.*)+)/$2$1/gs; # pull beaming inside a rhythmic model
 260
 261   # Beam starts/endings are handled by the first/last note of the beam, since
 262   # we need to know for the first note the <beam>begin</beam> and for the
 263   # last note that the <beam>end</beam> tag should be used!
 264   # Thus, the RegExp for a note contains the beam start/end tags { and }
 265   while ($notes ne "") {
 266     if ($notes =~ /^(\'+|\,+)(.*)$/) {  # Octave marks
 267       ($oct, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 268       octave($oct);
 269     } elsif ($notes =~ /^qq(.*)$/) {  # Begin grace
 270       $notes = $1;
 271       $qq = 1;
 272     } elsif ($notes =~ /^r(.*)$/) {  # End grace
 273       $notes = $1;
 274       $qq = 0;
 275     } elsif ($notes =~ /^([0-9]\.?(?:\s?[0-9]+\.?)+)\s*(.*)$/) {  # Rhythmic model
 276       ($model, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 277       @rhythmic_model = parse_rhythmic_model ($1);
 278       $rhythmic_model_index = -1;
 279     } elsif ($notes =~ /^\=(\d*)(\/.*)$/) {  # multi-measure rests
 280       $measrest = $1;
 281       $notes = $2;
 282       if ($measrest eq '') {
 283         $measrest = 1;
 284       }
 285       $toprint .= "$measrest measures of rest.\n";
 286       if ($measrest > 0) {
 287         # Create a real multi-bar rest
 288         print OUT '                     <attributes>
 289                                 <measure-style>
 290                                         <multiple-rest>'.$measrest.'</multiple-rest>
 291                                 </measure-style>
 292                         </attributes>
 293 ';
 294       }
 295       # Now create the measures
 296       for $n (1..$measrest) {
 297         print OUT '                     <note>
 298                                 <rest />
 299                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 300                         </note>
 301 ';
 302         if ($n < $measrest) {
 303           print OUT "           </measure>\n";
 304           reset_measure_attributes ();
 305           if ($notes ne "") {
 306             print OUT '         <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 307 ';
 308             $meas++;
 309           } else {
 310             $mopen = 0;
 311           }
 312         }
 313       }
 314     } elsif ($notes =~ /^({?(\^)?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?)(.*)$/) {  # a note
 315       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$7);
 316       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 317     } elsif ($notes =~ /^({?\((g|q)?{?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)[t\+]*\)[t\+}]*)(.*)$/) {  # one note with a fermata
 318       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 319       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 320     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\(({?(\^)?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?){3}\))(.*)$/) {  # a triplet
 321       ($triplet, $notes) = ($1,$8);
 322       $triplet =~ /^\(({?(\^)?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?)(.*)\)$/gs;
 323       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$7);
 324       my $time_mod = "                          <time-modification>
 325                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 326                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 327                                 </time-modification>\n";
 328       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', $time_mod, $qq);
 329       $triplet =~ /^({?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?)(.*)$/gs;
 330       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 331       parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', $time_mod, $qq);
 332       parse_note($triplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  $time_mod, $qq);
 333     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\d+)\(({?(\^)?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?)+\;(\d+)\))(.*)$/)  {  # an n-tuplet
 334       ($tuplet, $notes) = ($1,$10);
 335       $tuplet =~ /^(\d+)\(({?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?(\d*\.*)(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?)(.*);(\d)\)$/gs;
 336       ($combdur, $note, $notedur, $tuplet, $numval) = ($1,$2,$5, $8,$9);
 337       my $act_notes = $numval;
 338       my $norm_notes = duration($combdur)/duration($notedur);
 339       my $time_mod = "                          <time-modification>
 340                                         <actual-notes>$act_notes</actual-notes>
 341                                         <normal-notes>$norm_notes</normal-notes>
 342                                 </time-modification>\n";
 343       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', $time_mod, $qq);
 344       while ($tuplet =~ /^({?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?\}?)([^}]+}?)$/gs) {
 345         ($note, $tuplet) = ($1,$6);
 346         parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', $time_mod, $qq);
 347       }
 348       parse_note($tuplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>', $time_mod, $qq);
 349     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(%(\w(-|\+)\d))(.*)$/) {  # Clef change
 350       ($clef,$notes) = ($2,$4);
 351       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n";
 352       print OUT clef ($clef);
 353       print OUT "                       </attributes>\n";
 354     } elsif ($notes =~ /^@(c?\d+(\/\d+)?( \d+\/\d+)*|c\/?|o\.?)\s*(.*)$/) {  # time signatue change
 355       ($timesig,$notes) = ($1,$4);
 356       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n";
 357       print OUT timesignature($timesig);
 358       print OUT "                       </attributes>\n";
 359     } elsif ($notes =~ /^\$((b|x)[ABCDEFG]*)\s*(.*)$/) {  # key signature change
 360       ($keysig, $notes) = ($1, $3);
 361       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n";
 362       print OUT keysignature ($keysig);
 363       print OUT "                       </attributes>\n";
 364     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(:?\/+:?)(.*)$/) {  # Barline (and repeats)
 365       $barline = $1;
 366       $notes = $2;
 367       if ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:/) {
 368         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 369                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 370                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 371                         </barline>
 372 ';
 373       } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/$/ ) {
 374           print OUT '                   <barline location="right">
 375                                 <bar-style>light-heavy</bar-style>
 376                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 377                         </barline>
 378 ';
 379       } elsif ($barline =~ /^\/\/$/) {
 380         $type = "light-light";
 381         # At the end of a piece use a light-heavy barline
 382         if ($notes eq "") {
 383           $type = "light-heavy";
 384         }
 385         print OUT "                     <barline location=\"right\">
 386                                 <bar-style>$type</bar-style>
 387                         </barline>
 388 ";
 389       }
 390       print OUT "               </measure>\n";
 391       reset_measure_attributes ();
 392       if ($notes ne "") {
 393         print OUT '             <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 394 ';
 395         if ($barline =~ /^\/\/:$/) {
 396           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 397                                 <bar-style>heavy-light</bar-style>
 398                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 399                         </barline>
 400 ';
 401         } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:$/) {
 402           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 403                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 404                         </barline>
 405 ';
 406         }
 407         print OUT $clefattr;
 408         $meas++;
 409       } else {
 410         $mopen = 0;
 411       }
 412       $toprint .= "bar line\n";
 413
 414     } elsif ($notes =~ /^\((\=)\)(.*)$/) {  # a bar of rest with a fermata
 415       ($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 416       $toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 417       print OUT '                       <note>
 418                                 <rest />
 419                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 420                                 <notations>
 421                                         <fermata type="upright"/>
 422                                 </notations>
 423                         </note>
 424 ';
 425     }
 426     elsif ($notes =~ s/(\d+\.*)\(({?(g|q)?(\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?}?)\)/\($1$2\)/gs) { # pull duration into fermata parentheses
 427       #      print "after replacement: $notes\n"; exit;
 428     } elsif ($notes =~ /^ +(.*)$/) {
 429       $notes = $1;
 430       print("Invalid space encountered in notes before $notes\n");
 431     }
 432     else {
 433       print_error("got stuck with $notes\n");
 434       $notes = "";
 435     }
 436   }
 437   if ($mopen) {
 438     print OUT "         </measure>\n";
 439     reset_measure_attributes ();
 440   }
 441 }
 442
 443
 444 sub parse_note {
 445   my($note, $keysig, $notation, $addition, $in_qq_group) = @_;
 446
 447   my ($fermata) = (0);
 448   my ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = (1,1);
 449
 450   if ($addition =~ /^\s*<time-modification>\s*<actual-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/actual-notes>\s*<normal-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/normal-notes>\s*<\/time-modification>\s*$/) {
 451     ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = ($1, $2);
 452   }
 453
 454   if ($note =~ /^\((.*)\)(.*)$/) {
 455     $note = "$1$2";
 456     $fermata = 1;
 457   }
 458
 459   $note =~ /^({)?(\^)?(g|q)?((\,|\')*)(x|xx|b|bb|n)?(\d*)(\.*)(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)(t?)(\+?)(}?)$/;
 460   my ($beamstart, $chord, $gracecue, $oct, $acc, $dur, $dot, $pitch, $trill, $tie, $beamend) = ($1, $2, $3, $4, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12);
 461
 462   print OUT '                   <note>
 463 ';
 464   if ($gracecue eq "g") {
 465     print OUT '                         <grace slash="yes" steal-time-following="33"/>
 466 ';
 467   }
 468   if ($gracecue eq "q" || $in_qq_group) {
 469     print OUT '                         <grace/>
 470 ';
 471   }
 472   if ($pitch eq "-") {
 473     print OUT "                         <rest />\n";
 474   } else {
 475     if ($chord eq "^") {
 476       print OUT "                               <chord/>\n";
 477     }
 478     print OUT '                         <pitch>
 479                                         <step>'.$pitch.'</step>
 480 '.alter($pitch, $acc, $keysig)
 481 .'                                      <octave>'.octave($oct).'</octave>
 482                                 </pitch>
 483 ';
 484   }
 485   # We are using a rhythmic model, extract the correct duration
 486   $this_duration = "";
 487   $this_head = "";
 488   if (($dur.$dot eq "") && scalar(@rhythmic_model)) {
 489     if ($chord ne "^") {
 490       $rhythmic_model_index = ($rhythmic_model_index +1 ) % scalar(@rhythmic_model);
 491     }
 492     $this_duration = $rhythmic_model[$rhythmic_model_index][0];
 493     $this_head = $rhythmic_model[$rhythmic_model_index][1];
 494   } elsif ($dur.$dot ne "" && scalar(@rhythmic_model)) {
 495     # The rhythmic model ends when a new new rhythmic value appears!
 496     @rhythmic_model = ();
 497   }
 498   if ($gracecue ne "g") {
 499     if (!$this_duration) {
 500       $this_duration = duration ($dur, $dot);
 501     }
 502     print OUT '                         <duration>'.($this_duration*$normalnotes/$actualnotes).'</duration>
 503 ';
 504   }
 505
 506   $tienotation = "";
 507   if ($tie eq "+") {
 508     if ($TIE) {
 509       $tienotation = "                                  <tied type=\"stop\"/>\n";
 510     }
 511     $tienotation .= "                                   <tied type=\"start\"/>\n";
 512     if (!$TIE) {
 513       $TIE = 1;
 514       print OUT '                               <tie type="start"/>
 515 ';
 516     }
 517   } else {
 518     if ($TIE) {
 519       print OUT '                               <tie type="stop"/>
 520 ';
 521       $tienotation = "                                  <tied type=\"stop\"/>\n";
 522       $TIE = 0;
 523     }
 524   }
 525
 526   # Determine graphic notehead: acciaccaturas are always 8th, otherwise use duration
 527   if ($gracecue eq "g") {
 528     print OUT "                                 <type>eighth</type>\n";
 529   } else {
 530     if (!$this_head) {
 531       $this_head = notehead ($dur, $dot);
 532     }
 533     print OUT $this_head;
 534   }
 535   # If we have an explicit accidental on the note, print the <accidental> tag
 536   print OUT accidental_explicit ($acc);
 537
 538   # addition is typically empty or a time-modification tag
 539   print OUT $addition;
 540
 541   # print out beaming information if needed:
 542   if (($beamstart eq "{") && ($beamend eq "}")) {
 543     # Single-note beam means a hook
 544     print OUT "                         <beam>forward hook</beam>\n";
 545   } elsif ($beamstart eq "{") {
 546     ++$BEAM;
 547     print OUT "                         <beam number=\"$BEAM\">begin</beam>\n";
 548   } elsif (($BEAM > 0) && ($beamend eq "}")) {
 549     print OUT "                         <beam number=\"$BEAM\">end</beam>\n";
 550     --$BEAM;
 551   } elsif ($BEAM > 0) {
 552     print OUT "                         <beam number=\"$BEAM\">continue</beam>\n";
 553   }
 554
 555   my $notationbracket = $fermata || $tienotation || ($trill eq "t") || ($notation ne "");
 556   if ($notationbracket) {
 557     print OUT "                         <notations>\n";
 558   }
 559   if ($tienotation) {
 560     print OUT $tienotation;
 561   }
 562   if ($fermata) {
 563     print OUT "                                 <fermata type=\"upright\"/>\n";
 564   }
 565   if ($trill eq "t") {
 566     print OUT '                                 <ornaments>
 567                                                 <trill-mark/>
 568                                         </ornaments>
 569 ';
 570   }
 571   if ($notation ne "") {
 572     print OUT "                                 $notation\n";
 573   }
 574   if ($notationbracket) {
 575     print OUT "                         </notations>\n";
 576   }
 577
 578   print OUT '                   </note>
 579 ';
 580
 581   $toprint .= "note: oct. $oct/acc. $acc/dur. $dur/dots $dot/grace,cue $gracecue/pitch $pitch\n";
 582 }
 583
 584 sub reset_measure_attributes {
 585   %active_alterations = {};
 586   # TODO: reset all measure-only attributes, like manual accidentals
 587 }
 588
 589 sub alter {
 590   my ($pitch, $acc, $keysig) = @_;
 591
 592   my $alt = 0;
 593   # If we had the same pitch with explicit alteration already in the current
 594   # measure, that alteration goes on, unless the current note has an explicit
 595   # alteration
 596   if ($acc eq "") {
 597     $acc = $active_alterations{$pitch};
 598   } else {
 599     # Store the explicit alteration of the current pitch!
 600     $active_alterations{$pitch} = $acc;
 601   }
 602
 603   if (index ($keysig,$pitch) > -1) {
 604     $keysig =~ /^(.).*$/gs;
 605     if ($1 eq 'x') {
 606       $alt = 1;
 607     } else {$alt = -1;}
 608   }
 609
 610   my %acc_alt = ("n", 0, "b", -1, "bb", -2, "x", 1, "xx", 2);
 611   if ($acc_alt{$acc} ne "") {
 612     $alt = $acc_alt{$acc};
 613   }
 614
 615   if ($alt != 0) {
 616     return "\t\t\t\t\t<alter>$alt</alter>\n";
 617   }
 618   return "";
 619 }
 620
 621 sub accidental_explicit {
 622   my ($acc) = @_;
 623   my %accidentals = ("xx", "double-sharp", "x", "sharp", "n", "natural", "b", "flat", "bb", "flat-flat");
 624   my $this_acc = $accidentals{$acc};
 625   if ($this_acc) {
 626     return "\t\t\t\t<accidental>$this_acc</accidental>\n";
 627   } else {
 628     return "";
 629   }
 630 }
 631
 632 sub raw_notehead {
 633   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 634   my %du=("0", "long", "9", "breve", "1", "whole", "2", "half", "4", "quarter",
 635           "8", "eighth", "6", "16th", "3", "32nd", "5", "64th", "7", "128th");
 636   if (($duration ne "") && $du{$duration}) {
 637     my $res = "                         <type>$du{$duration}</type>\n";
 638     $res .= repeat ("                           <dot/>\n", length ($dots));
 639     return $res;
 640   }
 641 }
 642 sub notehead {
 643   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 644   if ($duration.$dots ne "") {
 645     my $head = raw_notehead ($duration, $dots);
 646     $old_type = $head if $head;
 647   }
 648   return $old_type;
 649 }
 650
 651 sub parse_rhythmic_model {
 652   (my $model) = @_;
 653   my @m = ();
 654   while ($model =~ s/^([0-9])\s*(\.?)\s*([0-9\.\s]*)$/$3/) {
 655     my ($this_dur, $this_dots) = ($1, $2);
 656     my $dur = raw_duration ($this_dur, $this_dots);
 657     my $notehead = raw_notehead ($this_dur, $this_dots);
 658     push @m, [$dur, $notehead];
 659   }
 660   return @m;
 661 }
 662
 663
 664 sub raw_duration {
 665   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 666   my %du=("1",4*$divisions,"2",2*$divisions,"4",$divisions,
 667           "8",$divisions/2,"6",$divisions/4,"3",$divisions/8,
 668           "5",$divisions/16,"7",$divisions/32,
 669           "9",$divisions*8,"0",$divisions*16); # breve/long
 670   my $res = $du{$duration};
 671   if ($res) {
 672     my $add = $res;
 673     while ($dots ne "") {
 674       $add /= 2;
 675       $res += $add;
 676       $dots =~ /^.(.*)$/gs;
 677       $dots = $1;
 678     }
 679   }
 680   return $res;
 681 }
 682 sub duration {
 683   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 684   if ($duration.$dots eq "7.") {
 685     print_error ("Neumic notation is not supported by MusicXML!");
 686   }
 687
 688   if ($duration.$dots ne "") {
 689     $old_duration = raw_duration ($duration, $dots);
 690     if ($old_duration eq "") {
 691       print_error("strange duration '$duration'\n");
 692     }
 693   }
 694   return $old_duration;
 695 }
 696
 697 sub octave {
 698   my ($octave) = @_;
 699
 700   if ($octave ne "") {
 701     $octave =~ /^(.)(.*)$/gs;
 702     if ($1 eq ",") {
 703       $old_octave = 4 - length $octave;
 704     } else {
 705       $old_octave = 3 + length $octave;
 706     }
 707   }
 708   return $old_octave;
 709 }
 710
 711 sub clef {
 712   my ($clef) = @_;
 713   my $clefoctave = '';
 714   if ($clef =~ /^(\w)(\-|\+)(\d)$/) {
 715     ($clefsign, $clefline) = ($1, $3);
 716     if ($2 =~ /^\+$/) {
 717       print "Warning: Mensural clefs are not supported by MusicXML, using modern clef (input: $clef)\n";
 718     }
 719     if ($clefsign eq 'g') {
 720       $clefsign = "G";
 721       $clefoctave = "                                   <clef-octave-change>-1</clef-octave-change>\n";
 722     }
 723   } else {
 724     ($clefsign, $clefline) = ("G", 2);
 725   }
 726   return '                              <clef>
 727                                         <sign>'.$clefsign.'</sign>
 728                                         <line>'.$clefline.'</line>
 729 '.$clefoctave.'                         </clef>
 730 ';
 731 }
 732
 733 sub keysignature {
 734   my ($keysig) = @_;
 735
 736   # TODO: How is a change to C major represented? by "$ " or "$x " or "$b "?
 737   #       At the beginning, the $ part is left out, but mid-piece key changes
 738   #       need to way to clear all accidentals! We accept all three cases above!
 739   my %fif=("", 0, "x", 0, "b", 0, "xF", 1, "xFC", 2, "xFCG",3, "xFCGD",4, "xFCGDA",5, "xFCGDAE",6, "xFCGDAEB",7, "bB",-1, "bBE",-2, "bBEA",-3, "bBEAD",-4, "bBEADG",-5, "bBEADGC",-6, "bBEADGCF",-7);
 740   $keysig =~ s/(\s+)|&//gs;  # it is unclear what the & means, so we'll ignore it for now.
 741   $keysig =~ s/\[|\]//gs; # IGNORING brackets around a key sig.
 742   $fifths = $fif{$keysig};
 743   if ($fifths eq "") {
 744     $fifths = "0";
 745     print_error("Strange key signature '$keysig'.\n");
 746   }
 747   return '                              <key>
 748                                         <fifths>'.$fifths.'</fifths>
 749                                 </key>
 750 ';
 751 }
 752
 753
 754 sub timesignature {
 755   my ($timesig) = @_;
 756   my $symbol = "";
 757
 758   if ($timesig =~ /^(o(\.)?)$/) {
 759     if ($2 eq ".") {
 760       $timesig = "9/8";
 761     } else {
 762       $timesig = "3/4";
 763     }
 764     print "Mensural time signature \"$1\" not supported, using $timesig.\n";
 765   }
 766   if ($timesig =~ /^(\d+\/\d+)( \d+\/\d+)+$/ ) {
 767     print "Alternating time signature \"$timesig\" not supported by MusicXML, falling back to $1.\n";
 768     $timesig = $1;
 769   }
 770   if ($timesig =~ /^c((\d+)(\/(\d+))?)$/gs) {
 771     print "Time signature \"$timesig\" not supported by MusicXML, falling back to $1.\n";
 772     $timesig = "$1";  # TODO: it would be better to show the "C". Example: 451.023.814
 773   }
 774
 775   # For missing timesignature, fall back to "c"
 776   if ($timesig eq "0" || $timesig eq "" || $timesig eq "c" ) {
 777     $symbol = "common";
 778     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 779   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^c\/$/gi) {
 780     $symbol = "cut";
 781     ($beats, $beattype) = (2,2);
 782   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 783     ($beats, $beattype) = ($1, $2);
 784   } elsif ($timesig =~/^(\d+)$/gs) {
 785     $symbol = "single-number";
 786     ($beats, $beattype) = ($1,2);
 787   } else {
 788     print_error("Time signature '$timesig' looks strange, falling back to 4/4.\n");
 789     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 790   }
 791   if ($symbol) {
 792     $symbol = " symbol=\"$symbol\"";
 793   }
 794   $timesig = "                          <time$symbol>
 795                                         <beats>$beats</beats>
 796                                         <beat-type>$beattype</beat-type>
 797                                 </time>
 798 ";
 799   return $timesig;
 800 }
 801
 802 sub print_error {
 803   my ($msg) = @_;
 804
 805   print "\nAn error occurred; context:\n\n$toprint\n
 806 Error: $msg\n";
 807 }
 808
 809 sub read_file {
 810   my ($fn) = @_;
 811   my $res = "";
 812   if ($fn eq "-") {
 813       while (<STDIN>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 814   } else {
 815     if (!(open FH, $fn)) {
 816       return "";
 817     }
 818     while (<FH>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 819     close (FH);
 820   }
 821   return $res;
 822 }