pae2xml.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2
   3
   4 # Copyright (C) 2003 Rainer Typke
   5 #pae2xml is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version
   6 #2 as published by the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation</a>.
   7 #This gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify <em>pae2xml</em> under
   8 #certain conditions. Read
   9 #the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" target="_top">online version of the license</a>
  10 #for more details. pae2xml is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  11 #INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  12
  13
  14
  15 $divisions = 960;
  16 $old_duration = $divisions;
  17 $old_octave = 4;
  18
  19 ($mday, $mon, $year) = (localtime()) [3..5];
  20 $encoding_date = sprintf("%4d-%02d-%02d", $year + 1900, $mon+1, $mday);
  21
  22 $TIE = 0;
  23
  24 foreach $a (@ARGV) {
  25   $p = read_file($a);
  26   $toprint = "";
  27   $p =~ s/\s*\=\=+\s*(.*?)\s*\=\=+\s*/$1/sg;
  28   $p =~ s/\s*included.*?-------------*\s*(.*?)\s*/$1/s;
  29
  30   ($q, $r) = ($p, $p);
  31   if ($q !~ /^.*1\.1\.1.*$/gsx && $r =~ /^.*plain.*$/gsx) {
  32     print_error("$a contains 'plain', but not 1.1.1!\n");
  33   } else {
  34     if ($p =~ /^\s*([^\n]+)\n(.*?)\n((\d+\.\d+\.\d.*?plain.*?\n)+)(.*?)\n?([^\n]+)\n([^\n]+)\s*$/gs)    {
  35       my ($comp, $title, $incipits, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = ($1, $2, $3, $5, $6, $7);
  36
  37       $toprint .= "
  38 COMPOSER:   $comp
  39 TITLE:      $title
  40 INCIPIT(S): $incipits
  41 OTHER INFO: $sonst
  42 LIB. SIGN.: $libsig
  43 RISM SIGN.: $rismsig\n\n";
  44       parse_incipits($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  45     }
  46     else {
  47       if (index($p,"plain&easy") > -1) {
  48         print_error("Ignoring the following text:\n\n\n$p\n\n\n");
  49       }
  50     }
  51   }
  52 }
  53
  54
  55
  56 sub parse_incipits {
  57   my ($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
  58
  59   $toprint .= "parsing:   $incipits\n";
  60
  61   while ($incipits =~ /^(\d+\.\d+\..+?)(\d+\.\d+\..*)$/gs) {
  62     my ($inc1) = $1;
  63     $incipits = $2;
  64     parse_pe($inc1, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  65   }
  66   parse_pe($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  67 }
  68
  69 sub parse_pe {
  70   my ($pe, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
  71
  72   $pe =~ s/@ü/@0ü/gs; # make missing time signature explicit
  73   while ($pe =~ s/([^\-])(\d+)(\'|\,)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$1$3$2$4/gs) {};  # octave first, then duration. Truly global.
  74
  75   if ($pe =~ /^\s*(\d+\.\d+\.\d)(\.|:)\s*(.*?)\nplain&easy:\s*(%([\w\-\d]+))?(@([\d\w\/]+))?\s*&?\s*(\$([^ü]+))?ü(.*)$/gs) {
  76     my ($inr, $instr, $clef, $timesig, $keysig, $rest) = ($1, $3, $5, $7, $9, $10);
  77
  78     my $filename="$rismsig-$inr.xml";
  79     $filename =~ s/RISM\s*A\/II\s*:?\s*//gs;
  80     print "Writing $filename...\n";
  81
  82     open(OUT, ">$filename");
  83
  84     if ($clef =~ /^(\w)\-(\d)$/) {
  85       ($clefsign, $clefline) = ($1, $2);
  86     } else {
  87       ($clefsign, $clefline) = ("G", 2);
  88     }
  89
  90     $timesig = timesignature($timesig);
  91
  92     my %fif=("", 0, "xF", 1, "xFC", 2, "xFCG",3, "xFCGD",4, "xFCGDA",5, "xFCGDAE",6, "xFCGDAEB",7, "bB",-1, "bBE",-2, "bBEA",-3, "bBEAD",-4, "bBEADG",-5, "bBEADGC",-6, "bBEADGCF",-7);
  93     $keysig =~ s/(\s+)|&//gs;  # it is unclear what the & means, so we'll ignore it for now.
  94     $keysig =~ s/\[|\]//gs; # IGNORING brackets around a key sig.
  95     $fifths = $fif{$keysig};
  96     if ($fifths eq "") { $fifths = "0";
  97                        print_error("Strange key signature '$keysig'.\n");}
  98
  99     foreach $_ ($rismsig,$title,$inr,$instr,$comp,$encoding_date,$libsig,$sonst)
 100     {
 101         s/
 102 //;
 103     }
 104     print OUT '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
 105 <!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 0.6 Partwise//EN" "file:/c:/Program Files/MusicXML/partwise.dtd">
 106 <score-partwise>
 107         <work>
 108                 <work-number>'.$rismsig.'</work-number>
 109                 <work-title>'.$title.'</work-title>
 110         </work>
 111         <movement-number>'.$inr.'</movement-number>
 112         <movement-title>'.$instr.'</movement-title>
 113         <identification>
 114                 <creator type="composer">'.$comp.'</creator>
 115                 <encoding>
 116                         <software>pae2xml by R. Typke</software>
 117                         <encoding-date>'.$encoding_date.'</encoding-date>
 118                 </encoding>
 119                 <source>'.$libsig.'</source>
 120         </identification>
 121         <part-list>
 122                 <score-part id="P1">
 123                         <part-name>'.$sonst.'</part-name>
 124                 </score-part>
 125         </part-list>
 126         <part id="P1">
 127                 <measure number="1">
 128                         <attributes>
 129                                 <divisions>'.$divisions.'</divisions>
 130                                 <key>
 131                                         <fifths>'.$fifths.'</fifths>
 132                                 </key>
 133                                 '.$timesig.'
 134                                 <clef>
 135                                         <sign>'.$clefsign.'</sign>
 136                                         <line>'.$clefline.'</line>
 137                                 </clef>
 138                         </attributes>
 139 ';
 140
 141
 142     $toprint .= "
 143 INCIPIT NO.:  $inr
 144 INSTR.:       $instr
 145 CLEF:         $clef
 146 KEY SIG.:     $keysig
 147 TIME SIG.:    $timesig
 148 REST:         $rest\n";
 149     parse_notes($rest, $keysig);
 150   }
 151   else { print_error("could not parse $pe\n"); }
 152   print OUT "   </part>
 153 </score-partwise>\n";
 154   close OUT;
 155 }
 156
 157 # Repeat $1 by a count of $2
 158 sub repeat {
 159   (my $e, my $count) = @_;
 160   my $res = "";
 161   for (my $i=1; $i <= $count; ++$i)
 162   {
 163     $res .= $e;
 164   }
 165   return $res;
 166 }
 167
 168 sub parse_notes {
 169   my ($notes, $keysig) = @_;
 170   my $qq = 0; # in group of cue notes
 171
 172   my $meas = 2;   # measure number
 173   my $mopen = 1;  # measure tag still open
 174
 175   if ($notes =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*$/) {
 176     $notes = $1;
 177   }
 178
 179   $notes =~ s/!([^!]*)!(f*)/repeat($1, length($2)+1)/gse;  # write out repetitions
 180   $notes =~ s/\{([^\}]*)\}/$1/gs; # ignore beamings
 181   while ( $notes =~ s/(:?\/+:?|^)([^\/:]*)(:?\/+:?)i(:?\/+:?)/$1$2$3$2$4/gs) {}; # replace whole-measure repeats (i notation)
 182
 183   $notes =~ s/(\d+)\(([^;]+\))/\($1$2/gs;       # pull note lengths into fermatas or triplets
 184   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)\(/\($1/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas:
 185   $notes =~ s/(\d+)(xx|x|bb|b|n)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$2$1$3/gs;  # accidentals first, then duration
 186
 187 #  $notes =~ s/x\(/\(x/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 188 #  $notes =~ s/bb\(/\(bb/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 189 #  $notes =~ s/b\(/\(b/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 190 #  $notes =~ s/n\(/\(n/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 191   #  $notes =~ s/(\'+|\,+)\(/\($1/g;       # pull octave marks into tuplets or fermatas
 192
 193   $notes =~ s/(\.|\d|\,|\')qq/qq$1/gs; # pull beginning mark of group of grace notes in front of corresponding notes
 194   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)qq/qq$1/gs;  # qq first, then parts of notes
 195
 196   while ($notes ne "") {
 197     if ($notes =~ /^(\'+|\,+)(.*)$/) {  # Octave marks
 198       ($oct, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 199       octave($oct);
 200     } elsif ($notes =~ /^qq(.*)$/) {  # Begin grace
 201       $notes = $1;
 202       $qq = 1;
 203     } elsif ($notes =~ /^r(.*)$/) {  # End grace
 204       $notes = $1;
 205       $qq = 0;
 206     } elsif ($notes =~ /^\=(\d*)(\/.*)$/) {  # multi-measure rests
 207       $measrest = $1;
 208       $notes = $2;
 209       if ($measrest eq '') {
 210         $measrest = 1;
 211       }
 212       $toprint .= "$measrest measures of rest.\n";
 213       if ($measrest > 0) {
 214         # Create a real multi-bar rest
 215         print OUT '                     <attributes>
 216                                 <measure-style>
 217                                         <multiple-rest>'.$measrest.'</multiple-rest>
 218                                 </measure-style>
 219                         </attributes>
 220 ';
 221       }
 222       # Now create the measures
 223       for $n (1..$measrest) {
 224         print OUT '                     <note>
 225                                 <rest />
 226                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 227 '.#                             <type>quarter</type>
 228 '
 229                         </note>
 230 ';
 231         if ($n < $measrest) {
 232           print OUT "           </measure>\n";
 233           if ($notes ne "") {
 234             print OUT '         <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 235 ';
 236             $meas++;
 237           } else {
 238             $mopen = 0;
 239           }
 240         }
 241       }
 242     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)$/) {  # a note
 243       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 244       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 245     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?\))(.*)$/) {  # one note with a fermata
 246       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 247       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 248     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?){3}\))(.*)$/) {  # a triplet
 249       ($triplet, $notes) = ($1,$7);
 250       #      print "TRIPLET: ".$triplet." -> ";
 251       $triplet =~ /^\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)\)$/gs;
 252       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 253       #print "$note $triplet\n";
 254       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', '                            <time-modification>
 255                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 256                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 257                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 258       $triplet =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)$/gs;
 259       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 260       #print "$note $triplet\n";
 261       parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', '                         <time-modification>
 262                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 263                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 264                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 265       parse_note($triplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  '                                <time-modification>
 266                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 267                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 268                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 269     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\d+)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)+\;(\d+)\))(.*)$/)  {  # an n-tuplet
 270       ($tuplet, $notes) = ($1,$9);
 271       #      print "N-TUPLET: ".$tuplet." -> ";
 272       $tuplet =~ /^(\d+)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*);(\d)\)$/gs;
 273       ($combdur, $note, $tuplet, $numval) = ($1,$2,$7,$8);
 274       #print "i=$combdur, n=$numval; $note / $tuplet\n";
 275       my $ind_dur = duration($combdur)/$numval;
 276       # my $norm_notes =
 277       my $act_notes = $numval;
 278       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', '                            <time-modification>
 279                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 280                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 281                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 282       while ($tuplet =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.+)$/gs) {
 283         ($note, $tuplet) = ($1,$6);
 284         #print "$note / $tuplet\n";
 285         parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', '                               <time-modification>
 286                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 287                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 288                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 289       }
 290       parse_note($tuplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  '                         <time-modification>
 291                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 292                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 293                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 294     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(%\w-\d)(.*)$/) {  # Clef change
 295       ($clef,$notes) = ($1,$2);
 296       $clef =~ /^%(\w)\-(\d)$/;
 297       ($clefsign, $clefline) = ($1, $2);
 298       print OUT '                       <attributes>
 299                                 <clef>
 300                                         <sign>'.$clefsign.'</sign>
 301                                         <line>'.$clefline.'</line>
 302                                 </clef>
 303                         </attributes>
 304 ';
 305     } elsif ($notes =~ /^@(\d\/\d|c\/?)\s*(.*)$/) {  # time signatue change
 306       # print "$notes\n";
 307       ($timesig,$notes) = ($1,$2);
 308       #print "-> $timesig / $notes\n"; exit;
 309       $timesig = timesignature($timesig);
 310       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n$timesig
 311                         </attributes>\n";
 312     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(:?\/+:?)(.*)$/) {  # Barline (and repeats)
 313       $barline = $1;
 314       $notes = $2;
 315       if ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:/) {
 316         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 317                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 318                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 319                         </barline>
 320 ';
 321       } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/$/ ) {
 322           print OUT '                   <barline location="right">
 323                                 <bar-style>light-heavy</bar-style>
 324                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 325                         </barline>
 326 ';
 327       } elsif ($barline =~ /^\/\/$/) {
 328         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 329                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 330                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 331                         </barline>
 332 ';
 333       }
 334       print OUT "               </measure>\n";
 335       if ($notes ne "") {
 336         print OUT '             <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 337 ';
 338         if ($barline =~ /^\/\/:$/) {
 339           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 340                                 <bar-style>heavy-light</bar-style>
 341                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 342                         </barline>
 343 ';
 344         } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:$/) {
 345           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 346                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 347                         </barline>
 348 ';
 349         }
 350         print OUT $clefattr;
 351         $meas++;
 352       } else {
 353         $mopen = 0;
 354       }
 355       $toprint .= "bar line\n";
 356     } #elsif ($notes =~ /^(\d*\.*\-)(.*)$/) {
 357       #($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 358       #$toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 359       #$rst =~ /^(\d*)(\.*)\-$/;
 360       #($rst, $dots) =($1,$2);
 361       #print OUT '                      <note>
 362         #                       <rest />
 363         #                       <duration>'.duration($rst, $dots).'</duration>
 364 #'.#                            <type>quarter</type>
 365 #'
 366 #                       </note>
 367 #';
 368     elsif ($notes =~ /^\((\=)\)(.*)$/) {  # a bar of rest with a fermata
 369       ($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 370       $toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 371       print OUT '                       <note>
 372                                 <rest />
 373                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 374 '.#                             <type>quarter</type>
 375 '                               <notations>
 376                                         <fermata type="upright"/>
 377                                 </notations>
 378                         </note>
 379 ';
 380     }
 381     elsif ($notes =~ s/(\d+\.*)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)\)/\($1$2\)/gs) { # pull duration into fermata parentheses
 382       #      print "after replacement: $notes\n"; exit;
 383     }
 384     else {
 385       print_error("got stuck with $notes\n");
 386       $notes = "";
 387     }
 388   }
 389   if ($mopen) {
 390     print OUT "         </measure>\n";
 391   }
 392 }
 393
 394
 395 sub parse_note {
 396   my($note, $keysig, $notation, $addition, $in_qq_group) = @_;
 397
 398   my ($fermata) = (0);
 399   my ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = (1,1);
 400
 401   if ($addition =~ /^\s*<time-modification>\s*<actual-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/actual-notes>\s*<normal-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/normal-notes>\s*<\/time-modification>\s*$/) {
 402     ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = ($1, $2);
 403   }
 404
 405   if ($note =~ /^\((.*)\)$/) {
 406     $note = $1;
 407     $fermata = 1;
 408   }
 409
 410   $note =~ /^((\,|\')*)(x|xx|b|bb|n)?(\d*)(\.*)(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)(t?)(\+?)$/;
 411   my ($oct, $acc, $dur, $dot, $gracecue, $pitch, $trill, $tie) = ($1, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9);
 412
 413   print OUT '                   <note>
 414 ';
 415   if ($gracecue eq "g") {
 416     print OUT '         <grace steal-time-following="33"/>
 417 ';
 418   }
 419   if ($gracecue eq "q" || $in_qq_group) {
 420     print OUT '         <cue/>
 421 ';
 422   }
 423   if ($pitch eq "-") {
 424     print OUT "                 <rest />\n";
 425   } else {
 426     print OUT '                         <pitch>
 427                                         <step>'.$pitch.'</step>
 428 '.
 429    alter($pitch, $acc, $keysig).'
 430                                         <octave>'.octave($oct).'</octave>
 431                                 </pitch>
 432 ';
 433   }
 434   if ($gracecue ne "g") {
 435     print OUT '                         <duration>'.(duration($dur, $dot)*$normalnotes/$actualnotes).'</duration>
 436 ';
 437   }
 438 #                               <type>quarter</type>
 439
 440   if ($tie eq "+") {
 441     if (!$TIE) {
 442       $TIE = 1;
 443       print OUT '<tie type="start"/>
 444 ';
 445     }
 446   } else {
 447     if ($TIE) {
 448       print OUT '<tie type="stop"/>
 449 ';
 450       $TIE = 0;
 451     }
 452   }
 453
 454   print OUT $addition;
 455
 456   my $notationbracket = $fermata || ($trill eq "t") || ($notation ne "");
 457   if ($notationbracket) {
 458     print OUT "                         <notations>\n";
 459   }
 460   if ($fermata) { print OUT '
 461                                         <fermata type="upright"/>'."\n"; }
 462   if ($trill eq "t") { print OUT '                                      <ornaments>
 463                                                 <trill-mark/>
 464                                         </ornaments>
 465 ';
 466                      }
 467   if ($notation ne "") {
 468     print OUT "                         $notation\n";
 469   }
 470   if ($notationbracket) {
 471     print OUT "                         </notations>\n";
 472   }
 473
 474   print OUT '                   </note>
 475 ';
 476
 477   $toprint .= "note: oct. $oct/acc. $acc/dur. $dur/dots $dot/grace,cue $gracecue/pitch $pitch\n";
 478 }
 479
 480 sub alter {
 481   my ($pitch, $acc, $keysig) = @_;
 482
 483   my $alt = 0;
 484
 485   if (index ($keysig,$pitch) > -1) {
 486     $keysig =~ /^(.).*$/gs;
 487     if ($1 eq 'x') {
 488       $alt = 1;
 489     } else {$alt = -1;}
 490   }
 491
 492   my %acc_alt = ("n", 0, "b", -1, "bb", -2, "x", 1, "xx", 2);
 493   if ($acc_alt{$acc} ne "") {
 494     $alt = $acc_alt{$acc};
 495   }
 496
 497   if ($alt != 0) {
 498     return "<alter>$alt</alter>\n";
 499   }
 500   return "";
 501 }
 502
 503 sub duration {
 504   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 505
 506   if ($duration.$dots ne "") {
 507     my %du=("1",4*$divisions,"2",2*$divisions,"4",$divisions,
 508             "8",$divisions/2,"6",$divisions/4,"3",$divisions/8,
 509             "5",$divisions/16,"7",$divisions/32,
 510             "9",$divisions*8,"0",$divisions*16); # breve/long
 511     $old_duration = $du{$duration};
 512     if ($old_duration eq "") {
 513       print_error("strange duration '$duration'\n");
 514     }
 515     my $add = $old_duration;
 516     while ($dots ne "") {
 517       $add /= 2;
 518       $old_duration += $add;
 519       $dots =~ /^.(.*)$/gs;
 520       $dots = $1;
 521     }
 522   }
 523   return $old_duration;
 524 }
 525
 526 sub octave {
 527   my ($octave) = @_;
 528
 529   if ($octave ne "") {
 530     $octave =~ /^(.)(.*)$/gs;
 531     if ($1 eq ",") {
 532       $old_octave = 4 - length $octave;
 533     } else {
 534       $old_octave = 3 + length $octave;
 535     }
 536   }
 537   return $old_octave;
 538 }
 539
 540 sub timesignature {
 541   my ($timesig) = @_;
 542
 543   if ($timesig eq "c3") {
 544     $timesig = "3/2";  # it would be better to display it as "C". Example: 451.023.814
 545   }
 546   if ($timesig =~ /^c(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 547     $timesig = "$1/$2";  # it would be better to show the "C"
 548   }
 549
 550   if ($timesig eq "0" || $timesig eq "") {  # unclear how to handle absence of time signature.
 551     $timesig ='<time symbol="common">
 552       <beats>4</beats>
 553       <beat-type>4</beat-type>
 554     </time>
 555 ';  # using 4/4 for now.
 556     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 557   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^c(\/?)$/gi) {
 558     if ($1 eq "/") {
 559       $timesig = '<time symbol="cut">
 560       <beats>2</beats>
 561       <beat-type>2</beat-type>
 562     </time>
 563 ';
 564       ($beats, $beattype) = (2,2);
 565     } else {
 566       $timesig = '<time symbol="common">
 567       <beats>4</beats>
 568       <beat-type>4</beat-type>
 569     </time>
 570 ';
 571       ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 572     }
 573   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 574     ($beats, $beattype) = ($1, $2);
 575     $timesig = '<time>
 576       <beats>'.$beats.'</beats>
 577       <beat-type>'.$beattype.'</beat-type>
 578     </time>
 579 ';
 580   } else {
 581     print_error("Time signature '$timesig' looks strange.\n");
 582     #   $timesig = "";   we assume 4/4 just to  get something legible:
 583     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 584     $timesig = '<time>
 585       <beats>'.$beats.'</beats>
 586       <beat-type>'.$beattype.'</beat-type>
 587     </time>
 588 ';
 589   }
 590   return $timesig;
 591 }
 592
 593 sub print_error {
 594   my ($msg) = @_;
 595
 596   print "\nAn error occurred; context:\n\n$toprint\n
 597 Error: $msg\n";
 598 }
 599
 600 sub read_file {
 601   my ($fn) = @_;
 602   my $res = "";
 603   if ($fn eq "-") {
 604       while (<STDIN>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 605   } else {
 606     if (!(open FH, $fn)) {
 607       return "";
 608     }
 609     while (<FH>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 610     close (FH);
 611   }
 612   return $res;
 613 }