pae2xml.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2
   3
   4 # Copyright (C) 2003 Rainer Typke
   5 # Copyright (C) 2010 Reinhold Kainhofer <reinhold@kainhofer.com>
   6 #pae2xml is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version
   7 #2 as published by the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/" target="_top">Free Software Foundation</a>.
   8 #This gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify <em>pae2xml</em> under
   9 #certain conditions. Read
  10 #the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" target="_top">online version of the license</a>
  11 #for more details. pae2xml is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  12 #INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
  13
  14 our $script = "pae2xml.pl";
  15 our $version = "1.0";
  16
  17 ### Handle command-line options
  18
  19 # import module
  20 use Getopt::Long;
  21 use File::Basename;
  22
  23 our $format = 'rism';
  24
  25 sub print_help {
  26   print 'pae2xml.pl [OPTIONS...] FILE
  27
  28   Converts the Plaine & Easie file FILE to MusicXML. If FILE is -, STDIN is used.
  29
  30   Possible options:
  31     -h, --help          Prints out this help message
  32     --format=FORMAT, -f FORMAT
  33                         Interprets input file as FORMAT. Possible values are
  34                            rism, pae (default: rism)
  35     -v, -- version      Prints out version information
  36 ';
  37 }
  38 sub print_version {
  39   print "$script $version
  40   Copyright (C) 2003 Rainer Typke
  41   Copyright (C) 2010 Reinhold Kainhofer <reinhold\@kainhofer.com>
  42 ";
  43 }
  44 sub handle_options {
  45   my $print_help = 0;
  46   my $print_version = 0;
  47   my $result = GetOptions ("f|format=s" => \$format, "help|h" => \$print_help, "version|v" => \$print_version);
  48   if ($print_version) {
  49     print_version ();
  50     exit 0;
  51   }
  52   if ($print_help || (@ARGV == 0)) {
  53     print_help ();
  54     exit 0;
  55   }
  56 }
  57 handle_options ();
  58
  59
  60
  61 $divisions = 960;
  62 $old_duration = $divisions;
  63 $old_octave = 4;
  64
  65 ($mday, $mon, $year) = (localtime()) [3..5];
  66 $encoding_date = sprintf("%4d-%02d-%02d", $year + 1900, $mon+1, $mday);
  67
  68 $TIE = 0;
  69
  70 foreach $a (@ARGV) {
  71   $p = read_file($a);
  72   $toprint = "";
  73   if ($format eq "rism") {
  74     $p =~ s/\s*\=\=+\s*(.*?)\s*\=\=+\s*/$1/sg;
  75     $p =~ s/\s*included.*?-------------*\s*(.*?)\s*/$1/s;
  76
  77     ($q, $r) = ($p, $p);
  78     if ($q !~ /^.*1\.1\.1.*$/gsx && $r =~ /^.*plain.*$/gsx) {
  79       print_error("$a contains 'plain', but not 1.1.1!\n");
  80     } else {
  81       if ($p =~ /^\s*([^\n]+)\n(.*?)\n((\d+\.\d+\.\d.*?plain.*?\n)+)(.*?)\n?([^\n]+)\n([^\n]+)\s*$/gs)    {
  82         my ($comp, $title, $incipits, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = ($1, $2, $3, $5, $6, $7);
  83
  84         $toprint .= "
  85 COMPOSER:   $comp
  86 TITLE:      $title
  87 INCIPIT(S): $incipits
  88 OTHER INFO: $sonst
  89 LIB. SIGN.: $libsig
  90 RISM SIGN.: $rismsig\n\n";
  91         parse_rism_incipits($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
  92       }
  93       else {
  94         if (index($p,"plain&easy") > -1) {
  95           print_error("Ignoring the following text:\n\n\n$p\n\n\n");
  96         }
  97       }
  98     }
  99   } else {
 100     # Just a plaine & easie snippet, without any further RISM fields
 101     if ($a eq "-") {
 102       $filename = "out.xml";
 103     } else {
 104       $filename = basename ($a, ".pae") . ".xml";
 105     }
 106     parse_pe ($filename, $p, "", "", "", "", "", "", "");
 107   }
 108 }
 109
 110
 111 ##############################################################################
 112 ### RISM file parsing
 113 ##############################################################################
 114
 115 sub parse_rism_incipits {
 116   my ($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
 117
 118   $toprint .= "parsing:   $incipits\n";
 119
 120   while ($incipits =~ /^(\d+\.\d+\..+?)(\d+\.\d+\..*)$/gs) {
 121     my ($inc1) = $1;
 122     $incipits = $2;
 123     parse_rism_incipit($inc1, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 124   }
 125   parse_rism_incipit($incipits, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 126 }
 127
 128 sub parse_rism_incipit {
 129   my ($pe, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
 130
 131   if ($pe =~ /^\s*(\d+\.\d+\.\d)(\.|:)\s*(.*?)\nplain&easy:\s*(.*)$/gs) {
 132     my ($inr, $instr, $pecode) = ($1, $3, $4);
 133
 134     my $filename="$rismsig-$inr.xml";
 135     $filename =~ s/RISM\s*A\/II\s*:?\s*//gs;
 136
 137     foreach $_ ($rismsig,$title,$inr,$instr,$comp,$libsig,$sonst)
 138     {
 139         s/
 140 //;
 141     }
 142     $toprint .= "
 143 INCIPIT NO.:  $inr
 144 INSTR.:       $instr\n";
 145     parse_pe ($filename, $pecode, $inr, $instr, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig);
 146
 147   } else {
 148     print_error("could not parse $pe\n");
 149   }
 150 }
 151
 152
 153 ##############################################################################
 154 ### pure Plaine & Easie data parsing
 155 ##############################################################################
 156
 157 sub parse_pe {
 158   my ($filename, $pe, $inr, $instr, $comp, $title, $sonst, $libsig, $rismsig) = @_;
 159
 160   $pe =~ s/@ü/@0ü/gs; # make missing time signature explicit
 161   while ($pe =~ s/([^\-])(\d+)(\'|\,)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$1$3$2$4/gs) {};  # octave first, then duration. Truly global.
 162
 163   if ($pe =~ /\s*(%([\w\-\+\d]+))?(@([\d\w\/]+))?\s*&?\s*(\$([^ü]+))?ü(.*)$/gs) {
 164     my ($clef, $timesig, $keysig, $rest) = ($2, $4, $6, $7);
 165
 166     print "Writing $filename...\n";
 167     open(OUT, ">$filename");
 168
 169
 170     print OUT '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
 171 <!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 2.0 Partwise//EN" "http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
 172 <score-partwise>
 173 ';
 174     print OUT " <work>\n" if ($rismsig || $title);
 175     print OUT "         <work-number>$rismsig</work-number>\n" if ($rismsig);
 176     print OUT "         <work-title>$title</work-title>\n" if ($title);
 177     print OUT " </work>\n" if ($rismsig || $title);
 178     print OUT " <movement-number>$inr</movement-number>\n" if ($inr);
 179     print OUT " <movement-title>$instr</movement-title>\n" if ($instr);
 180     print OUT " <identification>\n";
 181     print OUT "         <creator type=\"composer\">$comp</creator>\n" if ($comp);
 182     print OUT '         <encoding>
 183                         <software>pae2xml by R. Typke</software>
 184                         <encoding-date>'.$encoding_date.'</encoding-date>
 185                 </encoding>
 186 ';
 187     print OUT "         <source>$libsig</source>\n" if ($libsig);
 188     print OUT ' </identification>
 189         <part-list>
 190                 <score-part id="P1">
 191                         <part-name>'.$sonst.'</part-name>
 192                 </score-part>
 193         </part-list>
 194         <part id="P1">
 195                 <measure number="1">
 196                         <attributes>
 197                                 <divisions>'.$divisions.'</divisions>
 198 '.keysignature ($keysig)
 199 .timesignature ($timesig)
 200 .clef ($clef)
 201 .'                      </attributes>
 202 ';
 203
 204
 205     $toprint .= "
 206 CLEF:         $clef
 207 KEY SIG.:     $keysig
 208 TIME SIG.:    $timesig
 209 REST:         $rest\n";
 210     parse_notes($rest, $keysig);
 211   }
 212   else { print_error("could not parse $pe\n"); }
 213   print OUT "   </part>
 214 </score-partwise>\n";
 215   close OUT;
 216 }
 217
 218 # Repeat $1 by a count of $2
 219 sub repeat {
 220   (my $e, my $count) = @_;
 221   my $res = "";
 222   for (my $i=1; $i <= $count; ++$i)
 223   {
 224     $res .= $e;
 225   }
 226   return $res;
 227 }
 228
 229 sub parse_notes {
 230   my ($notes, $keysig) = @_;
 231   my $qq = 0; # in group of cue notes
 232
 233   my $meas = 2;   # measure number
 234   my $mopen = 1;  # measure tag still open
 235
 236   if ($notes =~ /^\s*(.*?)\s*$/) {
 237     $notes = $1;
 238   }
 239
 240   $notes =~ s/!([^!]*)!(f*)/repeat($1, length($2)+1)/gse;  # write out repetitions
 241   $notes =~ s/\{([^\}]*)\}/$1/gs; # ignore beamings
 242   while ( $notes =~ s/(:?\/+:?|^)([^\/:]*)(:?\/+:?)i(:?\/+:?)/$1$2$3$2$4/gs) {}; # replace whole-measure repeats (i notation)
 243
 244   $notes =~ s/(\d+)\(([^;]+\))/\($1$2/gs;       # pull note lengths into fermatas or triplets
 245   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)\(/\($1/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas:
 246   $notes =~ s/(\d+)(xx|x|bb|b|n)(A|B|C|D|E|F|G)/$2$1$3/gs;  # accidentals first, then duration
 247
 248 #  $notes =~ s/x\(/\(x/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 249 #  $notes =~ s/bb\(/\(bb/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 250 #  $notes =~ s/b\(/\(b/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 251 #  $notes =~ s/n\(/\(n/gs;       # pull accidentals into tuplets or fermatas
 252   #  $notes =~ s/(\'+|\,+)\(/\($1/g;       # pull octave marks into tuplets or fermatas
 253
 254   $notes =~ s/(\.|\d|\,|\')qq/qq$1/gs; # pull beginning mark of group of grace notes in front of corresponding notes
 255   $notes =~ s/(xx|x|bb|b|n)qq/qq$1/gs;  # qq first, then parts of notes
 256
 257   while ($notes ne "") {
 258     if ($notes =~ /^(\'+|\,+)(.*)$/) {  # Octave marks
 259       ($oct, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 260       octave($oct);
 261     } elsif ($notes =~ /^qq(.*)$/) {  # Begin grace
 262       $notes = $1;
 263       $qq = 1;
 264     } elsif ($notes =~ /^r(.*)$/) {  # End grace
 265       $notes = $1;
 266       $qq = 0;
 267     } elsif ($notes =~ /^\=(\d*)(\/.*)$/) {  # multi-measure rests
 268       $measrest = $1;
 269       $notes = $2;
 270       if ($measrest eq '') {
 271         $measrest = 1;
 272       }
 273       $toprint .= "$measrest measures of rest.\n";
 274       if ($measrest > 0) {
 275         # Create a real multi-bar rest
 276         print OUT '                     <attributes>
 277                                 <measure-style>
 278                                         <multiple-rest>'.$measrest.'</multiple-rest>
 279                                 </measure-style>
 280                         </attributes>
 281 ';
 282       }
 283       # Now create the measures
 284       for $n (1..$measrest) {
 285         print OUT '                     <note>
 286                                 <rest />
 287                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 288                         </note>
 289 ';
 290         if ($n < $measrest) {
 291           print OUT "           </measure>\n";
 292           if ($notes ne "") {
 293             print OUT '         <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 294 ';
 295             $meas++;
 296           } else {
 297             $mopen = 0;
 298           }
 299         }
 300       }
 301     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)$/) {  # a note
 302       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 303       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 304     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?\))(.*)$/) {  # one note with a fermata
 305       ($note, $notes) = ($1,$6);
 306       parse_note($note, $keysig, "", "", $qq);
 307     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?){3}\))(.*)$/) {  # a triplet
 308       ($triplet, $notes) = ($1,$7);
 309       #      print "TRIPLET: ".$triplet." -> ";
 310       $triplet =~ /^\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)\)$/gs;
 311       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 312       #print "$note $triplet\n";
 313       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', '                            <time-modification>
 314                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 315                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 316                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 317       $triplet =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*)$/gs;
 318       ($note, $triplet) = ($1,$6);
 319       #print "$note $triplet\n";
 320       parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', '                         <time-modification>
 321                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 322                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 323                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 324       parse_note($triplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  '                                <time-modification>
 325                                         <actual-notes>3</actual-notes>
 326                                         <normal-notes>2</normal-notes>
 327                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 328     } elsif ($notes =~ /^((\d+)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)+\;(\d+)\))(.*)$/)  {  # an n-tuplet
 329       ($tuplet, $notes) = ($1,$9);
 330       #      print "N-TUPLET: ".$tuplet." -> ";
 331       $tuplet =~ /^(\d+)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.*);(\d)\)$/gs;
 332       ($combdur, $note, $tuplet, $numval) = ($1,$2,$7,$8);
 333       #print "i=$combdur, n=$numval; $note / $tuplet\n";
 334       my $ind_dur = duration($combdur)/$numval;
 335       # my $norm_notes =
 336       my $act_notes = $numval;
 337       parse_note($note, $keysig, '<tuplet type="start"/>', '                            <time-modification>
 338                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 339                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 340                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 341       while ($tuplet =~ /^((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)(.+)$/gs) {
 342         ($note, $tuplet) = ($1,$6);
 343         #print "$note / $tuplet\n";
 344         parse_note($note, $keysig,  '', '                               <time-modification>
 345                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 346                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 347                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 348       }
 349       parse_note($tuplet,  $keysig, '<tuplet type="stop"/>',  '                         <time-modification>
 350                                         <actual-notes>'.$act_notes.'</actual-notes>
 351                                         <normal-notes>1</normal-notes>
 352                                 </time-modification>', $qq);
 353     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(%(\w(-|\+)\d))(.*)$/) {  # Clef change
 354       ($clef,$notes) = ($2,$4);
 355       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n";
 356       print OUT clef ($clef);
 357       print OUT "                       </attributes>\n";
 358     } elsif ($notes =~ /^@(\d\/\d|c\/?)\s*(.*)$/) {  # time signatue change
 359       ($timesig,$notes) = ($1,$2);
 360       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n";
 361       print OUT timesignature($timesig);
 362       print OUT "                       </attributes>\n";
 363     } elsif ($notes =~ /^\$((b|x)[ABCDEFG]*)\s*(.*)$/) {  # key signature change
 364       ($keysig, $notes) = ($1, $3);
 365       print OUT "                       <attributes>\n";
 366       print OUT keysignature ($keysig);
 367       print OUT "                       </attributes>\n";
 368     } elsif ($notes =~ /^(:?\/+:?)(.*)$/) {  # Barline (and repeats)
 369       $barline = $1;
 370       $notes = $2;
 371       if ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:/) {
 372         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 373                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 374                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 375                         </barline>
 376 ';
 377       } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/$/ ) {
 378           print OUT '                   <barline location="right">
 379                                 <bar-style>light-heavy</bar-style>
 380                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 381                         </barline>
 382 ';
 383       } elsif ($barline =~ /^\/\/$/) {
 384         print OUT '                     <barline location="right">
 385                                 <bar-style>light-light</bar-style>
 386                                 <repeat direction="backward"/>
 387                         </barline>
 388 ';
 389       }
 390       print OUT "               </measure>\n";
 391       if ($notes ne "") {
 392         print OUT '             <measure number="'.$meas.'">
 393 ';
 394         if ($barline =~ /^\/\/:$/) {
 395           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 396                                 <bar-style>heavy-light</bar-style>
 397                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 398                         </barline>
 399 ';
 400         } elsif ($barline =~ /^:\/\/:$/) {
 401           print OUT '                   <barline location="left">
 402                                 <repeat direction="forward"/>
 403                         </barline>
 404 ';
 405         }
 406         print OUT $clefattr;
 407         $meas++;
 408       } else {
 409         $mopen = 0;
 410       }
 411       $toprint .= "bar line\n";
 412     } #elsif ($notes =~ /^(\d*\.*\-)(.*)$/) {
 413       #($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 414       #$toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 415       #$rst =~ /^(\d*)(\.*)\-$/;
 416       #($rst, $dots) =($1,$2);
 417       #print OUT '                      <note>
 418         #                       <rest />
 419         #                       <duration>'.duration($rst, $dots).'</duration>
 420 #'.#                            <type>quarter</type>
 421 #'
 422 #                       </note>
 423 #';
 424     elsif ($notes =~ /^\((\=)\)(.*)$/) {  # a bar of rest with a fermata
 425       ($rst, $notes) = ($1, $2);
 426       $toprint .= "rest: $rst\n";
 427       print OUT '                       <note>
 428                                 <rest />
 429                                 <duration>'.($beats*$divisions*4/$beattype).'</duration>
 430                                 <notations>
 431                                         <fermata type="upright"/>
 432                                 </notations>
 433                         </note>
 434 ';
 435     }
 436     elsif ($notes =~ s/(\d+\.*)\(((\,|\')*(x|xx|b|bb|n)?\d*\.*(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)t?\+?)\)/\($1$2\)/gs) { # pull duration into fermata parentheses
 437       #      print "after replacement: $notes\n"; exit;
 438     }
 439     elsif ($notes =~ /^ +(.*)$/) {
 440       $notes = $1;
 441       print("Invalid space encountered in notes before $notes\n");
 442     }
 443     else {
 444       print_error("got stuck with $notes\n");
 445       $notes = "";
 446     }
 447   }
 448   if ($mopen) {
 449     print OUT "         </measure>\n";
 450   }
 451 }
 452
 453
 454 sub parse_note {
 455   my($note, $keysig, $notation, $addition, $in_qq_group) = @_;
 456
 457   my ($fermata) = (0);
 458   my ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = (1,1);
 459
 460   if ($addition =~ /^\s*<time-modification>\s*<actual-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/actual-notes>\s*<normal-notes>\s*(\d+)\s*<\/normal-notes>\s*<\/time-modification>\s*$/) {
 461     ($actualnotes, $normalnotes) = ($1, $2);
 462   }
 463
 464   if ($note =~ /^\((.*)\)$/) {
 465     $note = $1;
 466     $fermata = 1;
 467   }
 468
 469   $note =~ /^((\,|\')*)(x|xx|b|bb|n)?(\d*)(\.*)(g|q)?(\-|A|B|C|D|E|F|G)(t?)(\+?)$/;
 470   my ($oct, $acc, $dur, $dot, $gracecue, $pitch, $trill, $tie) = ($1, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9);
 471
 472   print OUT '                   <note>
 473 ';
 474   if ($gracecue eq "g") {
 475     print OUT '                         <grace steal-time-following="33"/>
 476 ';
 477   }
 478   if ($gracecue eq "q" || $in_qq_group) {
 479     print OUT '                         <cue/>
 480 ';
 481   }
 482   if ($pitch eq "-") {
 483     print OUT "                         <rest />\n";
 484   } else {
 485     print OUT '                         <pitch>
 486                                         <step>'.$pitch.'</step>
 487 '.alter($pitch, $acc, $keysig)
 488 .'                                      <octave>'.octave($oct).'</octave>
 489                                 </pitch>
 490 ';
 491   }
 492   if ($gracecue ne "g") {
 493     print OUT '                         <duration>'.(duration($dur, $dot)*$normalnotes/$actualnotes).'</duration>
 494 ';
 495   }
 496
 497   $tienotation = "";
 498   if ($tie eq "+") {
 499     if ($TIE) {
 500       $tienotation = "                                  <tied type=\"stop\"/>\n";
 501     }
 502     $tienotation .= "                                   <tied type=\"start\"/>\n";
 503     if (!$TIE) {
 504       $TIE = 1;
 505       print OUT '                               <tie type="start"/>
 506 ';
 507     }
 508   } else {
 509     if ($TIE) {
 510       print OUT '                               <tie type="stop"/>
 511 ';
 512       $tienotation = "                                  <tied type=\"stop\"/>\n";
 513       $TIE = 0;
 514     }
 515   }
 516
 517   print OUT $addition;
 518
 519   my $notationbracket = $fermata || $tienotation || ($trill eq "t") || ($notation ne "");
 520   if ($notationbracket) {
 521     print OUT "                         <notations>\n";
 522   }
 523   if ($tienotation) {
 524     print OUT $tienotation;
 525   }
 526   if ($fermata) {
 527     print OUT '
 528                                         <fermata type="upright"/>'."\n"; }
 529   if ($trill eq "t") {
 530     print OUT '                                 <ornaments>
 531                                                 <trill-mark/>
 532                                         </ornaments>
 533 ';
 534   }
 535   if ($notation ne "") {
 536     print OUT "                         $notation\n";
 537   }
 538   if ($notationbracket) {
 539     print OUT "                         </notations>\n";
 540   }
 541
 542   print OUT '                   </note>
 543 ';
 544
 545   $toprint .= "note: oct. $oct/acc. $acc/dur. $dur/dots $dot/grace,cue $gracecue/pitch $pitch\n";
 546 }
 547
 548 sub alter {
 549   my ($pitch, $acc, $keysig) = @_;
 550
 551   my $alt = 0;
 552
 553   if (index ($keysig,$pitch) > -1) {
 554     $keysig =~ /^(.).*$/gs;
 555     if ($1 eq 'x') {
 556       $alt = 1;
 557     } else {$alt = -1;}
 558   }
 559
 560   my %acc_alt = ("n", 0, "b", -1, "bb", -2, "x", 1, "xx", 2);
 561   if ($acc_alt{$acc} ne "") {
 562     $alt = $acc_alt{$acc};
 563   }
 564
 565   if ($alt != 0) {
 566     return "\t\t\t\t\t<alter>$alt</alter>\n";
 567   }
 568   return "";
 569 }
 570
 571 sub duration {
 572   my ($duration, $dots) = @_;
 573
 574   if ($duration.$dots ne "") {
 575     my %du=("1",4*$divisions,"2",2*$divisions,"4",$divisions,
 576             "8",$divisions/2,"6",$divisions/4,"3",$divisions/8,
 577             "5",$divisions/16,"7",$divisions/32,
 578             "9",$divisions*8,"0",$divisions*16); # breve/long
 579     $old_duration = $du{$duration};
 580     if ($old_duration eq "") {
 581       print_error("strange duration '$duration'\n");
 582     }
 583     my $add = $old_duration;
 584     while ($dots ne "") {
 585       $add /= 2;
 586       $old_duration += $add;
 587       $dots =~ /^.(.*)$/gs;
 588       $dots = $1;
 589     }
 590   }
 591   return $old_duration;
 592 }
 593
 594 sub octave {
 595   my ($octave) = @_;
 596
 597   if ($octave ne "") {
 598     $octave =~ /^(.)(.*)$/gs;
 599     if ($1 eq ",") {
 600       $old_octave = 4 - length $octave;
 601     } else {
 602       $old_octave = 3 + length $octave;
 603     }
 604   }
 605   return $old_octave;
 606 }
 607
 608 sub clef {
 609   my ($clef) = @_;
 610   my $clefoctave = '';
 611   if ($clef =~ /^(\w)(\-|\+)(\d)$/) {
 612     ($clefsign, $clefline) = ($1, $3);
 613     if ($2 =~ /^\+$/) {
 614       print "Warning: Mensural clefs are not supported by MusicXML, using modern clef (input: $clef)\n";
 615     }
 616     if ($clefsign eq 'g') {
 617       $clefsign = "G";
 618       $clefoctave = "                                   <clef-octave-change>-1</clef-octave-change>\n";
 619     }
 620   } else {
 621     ($clefsign, $clefline) = ("G", 2);
 622   }
 623   return '                              <clef>
 624                                         <sign>'.$clefsign.'</sign>
 625                                         <line>'.$clefline.'</line>
 626 '.$clefoctave.'                         </clef>
 627 ';
 628 }
 629
 630 sub keysignature {
 631   my ($keysig) = @_;
 632
 633   # TODO: How is a change to C major represented? by "$ " or "$x " or "$b "?
 634   #       At the beginning, the $ part is left out, but mid-piece key changes
 635   #       need to way to clear all accidentals! We accept all three cases above!
 636   my %fif=("", 0, "x", 0, "b", 0, "xF", 1, "xFC", 2, "xFCG",3, "xFCGD",4, "xFCGDA",5, "xFCGDAE",6, "xFCGDAEB",7, "bB",-1, "bBE",-2, "bBEA",-3, "bBEAD",-4, "bBEADG",-5, "bBEADGC",-6, "bBEADGCF",-7);
 637   $keysig =~ s/(\s+)|&//gs;  # it is unclear what the & means, so we'll ignore it for now.
 638   $keysig =~ s/\[|\]//gs; # IGNORING brackets around a key sig.
 639   $fifths = $fif{$keysig};
 640   if ($fifths eq "") {
 641     $fifths = "0";
 642     print_error("Strange key signature '$keysig'.\n");
 643   }
 644   return '                              <key>
 645                                         <fifths>'.$fifths.'</fifths>
 646                                 </key>
 647 ';
 648 }
 649
 650
 651 sub timesignature {
 652   my ($timesig) = @_;
 653
 654   if ($timesig eq "c3") {
 655     $timesig = "3/2";  # it would be better to display it as "C". Example: 451.023.814
 656   }
 657   if ($timesig =~ /^c(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 658     $timesig = "$1/$2";  # it would be better to show the "C"
 659   }
 660
 661   if ($timesig eq "0" || $timesig eq "") {  # unclear how to handle absence of time signature.
 662     $timesig ='                         <time symbol="common">
 663                                         <beats>4</beats>
 664                                         <beat-type>4</beat-type>
 665                                 </time>
 666 ';  # using 4/4 for now.
 667     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 668   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^c(\/?)$/gi) {
 669     if ($1 eq "/") {
 670       $timesig = '                              <time symbol="cut">
 671                                         <beats>2</beats>
 672                                         <beat-type>2</beat-type>
 673                                 </time>
 674 ';
 675       ($beats, $beattype) = (2,2);
 676     } else {
 677       $timesig = '                              <time symbol="common">
 678                                         <beats>4</beats>
 679                                         <beat-type>4</beat-type>
 680                                 </time>
 681 ';
 682       ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 683     }
 684   } elsif ($timesig =~ /^(\d+)\/(\d+)$/gs) {
 685     ($beats, $beattype) = ($1, $2);
 686     $timesig = '                                <time>
 687                                         <beats>'.$beats.'</beats>
 688                                         <beat-type>'.$beattype.'</beat-type>
 689                                 </time>
 690 ';
 691   } else {
 692     print_error("Time signature '$timesig' looks strange.\n");
 693     #   $timesig = "";   we assume 4/4 just to  get something legible:
 694     ($beats, $beattype) = (4,4);
 695     $timesig = '                                <time>
 696                                         <beats>'.$beats.'</beats>
 697                                         <beat-type>'.$beattype.'</beat-type>
 698                                 </time>
 699 ';
 700   }
 701   return $timesig;
 702 }
 703
 704 sub print_error {
 705   my ($msg) = @_;
 706
 707   print "\nAn error occurred; context:\n\n$toprint\n
 708 Error: $msg\n";
 709 }
 710
 711 sub read_file {
 712   my ($fn) = @_;
 713   my $res = "";
 714   if ($fn eq "-") {
 715       while (<STDIN>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 716   } else {
 717     if (!(open FH, $fn)) {
 718       return "";
 719     }
 720     while (<FH>) { $res .= $_; } # read all lines
 721     close (FH);
 722   }
 723   return $res;
 724 }