mausezahn: use getopt_long instead of getopt

[netsniff-ng.git] / staging / tools.c

/*
 * Mausezahn - A fast versatile traffic generator
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Herbert Haas
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the 
 * Free Software Foundation.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more 
 * details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with 
 * this program; if not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
 * 
*/



////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Contains various tools to ease development of new modules:
//  
//  getarg  ............. scans string for arguments and returns assigned value
//  str2int ............. Converts a string into unsigned long int in a safe way
//  str2lint ............ Same as str2int but returns an unsigned long long int
//  xstr2int ............ Same as str2int but expects hex digits
//  xstr2lint ........... Same as above but returns an unsigned long long int
//  get_ip_range_dst .... Parses string for an IP range and sets start/stop addresses
//  get_ip_range_src .... Same for source addresses
//  get_ip6_range_dst ... Parses string for an IPv6 range and sets start/stop addresses
//  get_ip6_range_src ... Same for source addresses
//  check_eth_mac_txt ... Scans tx.eth_dst|src_txt and sets tx.eth_dst|src appropriately
//  get_port_range ...... Parses string for a dst|src-port range and sets start/stop values
//  get_tcp_flags ....... Parses string for TCP arguments and sets tx.tcp_control
//  get_mpls_params ..... Parses string for MPLS parameters (label, exp, BOS, TTL)
//  exists .............. Parses a string for a single character and returns "1" if found
//  mz_strisbinary ...... Checks whether string consists only of 0 and 1, returns how many digits total
//  str2bin8 ............ Converts a string containing max 8 binary digits into a number
//  str2bin16 ........... Converts a string containing max 16 binary digits into a number
//  char2bits ........... Converts a char into a string containing ones and zeros
//  getfullpath_cfg ..... Creates a full filename with path to the desired config directory
//  getfullpath_log ..... Creates a full filename with path to the desired logging directory
//  mz_strncpy .......... A safer implementation of strncpy
//  number_of_args ...... Returns number of arguments of the Mausezahn argument string
//  mz_strisnum ......... Returns 1 if string only consists of decimal digits
//  mz_strishex ......... Returns 1 if string only consists of hexadecimal digits
//  mz_strcmp ........... Matches a string or a prefix of it with given min-length 
//                        Example usage: User CLI input
//  mz_tok .............. Decomposes a string into tokens and maps them to args
//                        Example usage: IPv6-addresses, user input for MPLS-tags
//  delay_parse ......... Parses one or two strings for a delay specification and sets a struct timespec
//    
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "mz.h"

#define CMP_INT(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? -1 : (a) > (b))
#define IPV6_MAX_RANGE_LEN strlen("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff-ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128")
#define IPV6_MIN_RANGE_LEN strlen("::/0")

static int in6_range_too_big(struct libnet_in6_addr start, struct libnet_in6_addr stop);

// Scan 'str' for an argument 'arg_name' and returns its value in arg_value
// Return value: number of occurences of arg_name
// Note that if arg_name occurs multiple times, the last found value is returned.
// If last argument (arg_value) is set to NULL it will be ignored.
// Example: 
//   int i;
//   char ip[64];
//   i = getarg ("request, da=10.1.1.2, SYN", "da", ip);
// ...will assign "10.1.1.2" to ip and the occurence i is set to 1.
int getarg(char *str, char *arg_name, char *arg_value)
{
   char tmp[MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
   char *str1, *str2, *token, *subtoken;
   char *saveptr1, *saveptr2;
   int j, occurence=0;
   
   strncpy(tmp,str,MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE); // only operate on local strings
   
   for (j = 1, str1 = tmp; ; j++, str1 = NULL) 
     {
        
        token = strtok_r(str1, ",", &saveptr1);
        if (token == NULL)
          break;

        str2 = token; 
        if ( (subtoken = strtok_r(str2, " =", &saveptr2))!=NULL)
          {
             if (strcasecmp(subtoken,arg_name)==0)
               {
                  occurence+=1;
                  //printf("found %s\n",arg_name);
                  if ( (subtoken = strtok_r(NULL, " =", &saveptr2))!=NULL)
                    {
                       // argument has a value!
                       //printf("%s has value: [%s]\n",arg_name, subtoken);
                       if (arg_value!=NULL)
                         {
                            strcpy(arg_value,subtoken);
                         }
                    }
               }
          }
        else
          break;
     }
   return occurence;
}


// Convert str to (unsigned long) int
// Return value: the unsigned long int
unsigned long int str2int(char *str)
{  
   unsigned long int i;
   
   errno=0;
   
   i = strtoul(str, (char **)NULL, 10);

   if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULONG_MAX))
       || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
     {
        perror("strtoul");
     }
   
   return i;
}



// Convert str to (unsigned long long) int
// Return value: the unsigned long long int
unsigned long long int str2lint(char *str)
{  
   unsigned long long int i;
   
   errno=0;
   
   i = strtoull(str, (char **)NULL, 10);

   if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULLONG_MAX))
       || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
     {
        perror("strtoull");
     }
   
   return i;
}


// Convert hex-str to (unsigned long) int
// Return value: the unsigned long int
unsigned long int xstr2int(char *str)
{  
   unsigned long int i;
   
   errno=0;
   
   i = strtoul(str, (char **)NULL, 16);

   if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULONG_MAX))
       || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
     {
        
        perror("strtoul");
     }
   
   return i;
}


// Convert hex-str to (unsigned long long) int
// Return value: the unsigned long long int
unsigned long long int xstr2lint(char *str)
{  
   unsigned long long int i;
   
   errno=0;
   
   i = strtoull(str, (char **)NULL, 16);

   if ((errno == ERANGE && (i == ULLONG_MAX))
       || (errno != 0 && i == 0))
     {
        perror("strtoull");
     }
   
   return i;
}


/*
 * Return the IPv6 broadcast address for the given network/mask.
 */
struct libnet_in6_addr
in6_addr_bcast(struct libnet_in6_addr addr, unsigned int masklen)
{
        struct libnet_in6_addr bcast;
        uint32_t mask = 0;
        int i = 3;
        if (masklen > 128) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid IPv6 masklen: %u\n", masklen);
                exit(1);
        }
        masklen = 128 - masklen;

        bcast = addr;

        for (i = 3; i >= 0; i--, masklen -= 32) {
                if (masklen <= 32) {
                        bcast.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[i] = htonl(ntohl(bcast.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[i]) | ((uint32_t) (~0) >> (32 - masklen)));
                        break;
                }
                bcast.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[i] = (uint32_t) (~0);
        }
        return bcast;
}

/*
 * Returns 0 if the given IPv6 addresses are equal,
 * -1 if addr1 is lower than addr2,
 * 1 if addr2 is lower than addr1.
 */
int in6_addr_cmp(struct libnet_in6_addr addr1,
                 struct libnet_in6_addr addr2)
{
        uint32_t *p1 = addr1.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32,
               *p2 = addr2.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32;
        int i, val = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++, p1++, p2++) {
                val = CMP_INT(ntohl(*p1), ntohl(*p2));
                if (val) {
                        break;
                }
        }
        return val;
}

/*
 * Calculate the address that comes immediately after the one given.
 * Store the result in *dst.
 * Returns 1 if an overflow occurred.  Otherwise, returns 0.
 */
int
incr_in6_addr(struct libnet_in6_addr src, struct libnet_in6_addr *dst)
{
        uint32_t i = 16, carry = 1;
        uint8_t *addr;
        *dst = src;
        addr = dst->__u6_addr.__u6_addr8;
        while (carry && i) {
                addr[i - 1] += carry;
                if (addr[i - 1] > 0xff || !addr[i - 1]) {
                        addr[i - 1] &= 0xff;
                } else {
                        carry = 0;
                }
                i--;
        }
        return (int)carry;
}


/*
 * Return 1 if the number of addresses that are in the range from start to stop
 * is greater than what can be stored in a uint64_t.  Otherwise, return 0.
 */
static int
in6_range_too_big(struct libnet_in6_addr start, struct libnet_in6_addr stop)
{
        return (
                (start.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[0] != stop.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[0])
                || (start.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[1] != stop.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[1])
        );
}


// Parses string 'arg' for an IP range and finds start and stop IP addresses.
// Return value: 0 upon success, 1 upon failure.
// 
// NOTE: The results are written in the following variables:
// 
//   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_dst_start    ... contains start value 
//   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_dst_stop     ... contains stop value
//   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_dst          ... initialized with start value 
//   int         tx.ip_dst_isrange  ... set to 1 if above values valid
//      
// Possible range specifications:
// 
//   1) 192.168.0.0-192.168.0.12
//   2) 10.2.11.0-10.55.13.2
//   3) 172.18.96.0/19
// 
// That is: 
// 
//   FIRST detect a range by scanning for the "-" OR "/" chars
//   THEN determine start and stop value and store them as normal unsigned integers
// 
int get_ip_range_dst (char *arg)
{

   int 
     i, len, 
     found_slash=0, found_dash=0;

   unsigned int q;
   u_int32_t mask, invmask;
   
   char *start_str, *stop_str;
   
   len = strnlen(arg, 32);
   
   if ( (len>31) || (len<9) ) // 255.255.255.200-255.255.255.255 (31 chars) OR 1.0.0.0/8 (9 chars)
     return 1; // ERROR: no range
   
   // Find "-" or "/"
   for (i=0; i<len; i++)
     {
        if  (arg[i]=='/')  found_slash=1;
        if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
     }

   if ((found_slash) && (found_dash)) 
     exit (1); // ERROR: Wrong range string syntax (cannot use both "/" and "-" !!!
   
   if (found_dash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");

        // These are the start and stop IP addresses of the range:
        tx.ip_dst_start = str2ip32 (start_str);  
        tx.ip_dst_stop = str2ip32 (stop_str);
        tx.ip_dst_h = tx.ip_dst_start; 
        tx.ip_dst = str2ip32_rev (start_str);
        
        if (tx.ip_dst_start < tx.ip_dst_stop)
          {
             // Set range flag:
             tx.ip_dst_isrange = 1;
             return 0;
          }
        else
          {
             tx.ip_dst_isrange = 0;
             return 1; // ERROR: stop value must be greater than start value !!!
          }
     }
   else if (found_slash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "/");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "/"); // Actually contains the prefix length, e. g. "24" 
        
        q = (unsigned int) str2int (stop_str);
        
        mask = 0xffffffff;
        mask <<= (32-q);
        invmask = 0xffffffff - mask; 

        tx.ip_dst_start = (str2ip32 (start_str) & mask) +1; // the '+1' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
        tx.ip_dst_stop = tx.ip_dst_start | invmask; 
        tx.ip_dst_h = tx.ip_dst_start; 
        tx.ip_dst = str2ip32_rev (start_str) | 0x01000000; // the '0x01000000' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
        tx.ip_dst_isrange = 1;
        return 0;
     }
   
    
   return 1; // ERROR: The specified argument string is not a range!
   
}




// Parses string 'arg' for an IP range and finds start and stop IP addresses.
// Return value: 0 upon success, 1 upon failure.
// 
// NOTE: The results are written in the following variables:
// 
//   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_src_start    ... contains start value 
//   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_src_stop     ... contains stop value
//   (u_int32_t) tx.ip_src          ... initialized with start value
//   int         tx.ip_src_isrange  ... set to 1 if above values valid
//   
// Possible range specifications:
// 
//   1) 192.168.0.0-192.168.0.12
//   2) 10.2.11.0-10.55.13.2
//   3) 172.18.96.0/19
// 
// That is: 
// 
//   FIRST detect a range by scanning for the "-" OR "/" chars
//   THEN determine start and stop value and store them as normal unsigned integers
// 
int get_ip_range_src (char *arg)
{

   int 
     i, len, 
     found_slash=0, found_dash=0;

   unsigned int q;
   u_int32_t mask, invmask;
   
   char *start_str, *stop_str;


   len = strnlen(arg,32);
   
   if ( (len>31) || (len<9) ) // 255.255.255.200-255.255.255.255 (31 chars) OR 1.0.0.0/8 (9 chars)
     return 1; // ERROR: no range
   
   // Find "-" or "/"
   for (i=0; i<len; i++)
     {
        if  (arg[i]=='/')  found_slash=1;
        if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
     }

   if ((found_slash) && (found_dash)) 
     exit (1); // ERROR: Wrong range string syntax (cannot use both "/" and "-" !!!
   
   if (found_dash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");

        // These are the start and stop IP addresses of the range:
        tx.ip_src_start = str2ip32 (start_str);  
        tx.ip_src_stop = str2ip32 (stop_str);
        tx.ip_src_h = tx.ip_src_start;
        tx.ip_src = str2ip32_rev (start_str);
        
        if (tx.ip_src_start < tx.ip_src_stop)
          {
             // Set range flag:
             tx.ip_src_isrange = 1;
             return 0;
          }
        else
          {
             tx.ip_src_isrange = 0;
             return 1; // ERROR: stop value must be greater than start value !!!
          }
     }
   else if (found_slash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "/");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "/"); // Actually contains the prefix length, e. g. "24" 
        
        q = (unsigned int) str2int (stop_str);

        mask = 0xffffffff;
        mask <<= (32-q);
        invmask = 0xffffffff - mask; 
          
        tx.ip_src_start = (str2ip32 (start_str) & mask) +1; // the '+1' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
        tx.ip_src_stop = tx.ip_src_start | invmask; 
        tx.ip_src_h = tx.ip_src_start; 
        tx.ip_src = str2ip32_rev (start_str) | 0x01000000; // the '0x01000000' is to ensure that we do not start with the net-id
        tx.ip_src_isrange = 1;
        return 0;
     }
   
   return 1; // ERROR: The specified argument string is not a range!
   
}

/*
 * Return the number of IPv6 addresses in the range from start to stop or
 * UINT64_MAX, whichever is smaller.
 */
uint64_t get_ip6_range_count(struct libnet_in6_addr start, struct libnet_in6_addr stop)
{
        uint64_t retval = 0;
        if (in6_range_too_big(start, stop)) {
                return UINT64_MAX;
        }
        retval = ((uint64_t)(ntohl(stop.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[2]) - ntohl(start.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[2])) << 32)
                + (ntohl(stop.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[3]) - ntohl(start.__u6_addr.__u6_addr32[3]));
        if (retval < UINT64_MAX) {
                retval++;
        }
        return retval;
}

int get_ip6_range_src (char *arg, libnet_t *l)
{

   int
     i, len,
     found_slash=0, found_dash=0;

   unsigned int q;
   struct libnet_in6_addr tmp_in6_addr;
   uint32_t mask, invmask;
   char *start_str, *stop_str;

   len = strnlen(arg, IPV6_MAX_RANGE_LEN);

   if ( (len > IPV6_MAX_RANGE_LEN) || (len < IPV6_MIN_RANGE_LEN) )
     return 1; // ERROR: no range

   // Find "-" or "/"
   for (i=0; i<len; i++)
     {
        if  (arg[i]=='/')  found_slash=1;
        if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
     }

   if ((found_slash) && (found_dash))
     exit (1); // ERROR: Wrong range string syntax (cannot use both "/" and "-" !!!

   if (found_dash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");

        // These are the start and stop IP addresses of the range:
        tx.ip6_src_start = libnet_name2addr6 (l, start_str, LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
        tx.ip6_src_stop = libnet_name2addr6 (l, stop_str, LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
        //XXX Not sure if this needs to be modified
        //tx.ip_src_h = tx.ip_src_start;
        //tx.ip_src = str2ip32_rev (start_str);

        if (in6_addr_cmp(tx.ip6_src_start, tx.ip6_src_stop) < 0)
          {
             // Set range flag:
             tx.ip_src_isrange = 1;
             if (in6_range_too_big(tx.ip6_src_start, tx.ip6_src_stop)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "The IPv6 range is too big.  It must be smaller than a /64.\n");
                exit (1);
             }
             return 0;
          }
        else
          {
             tx.ip_src_isrange = 0;
             return 1; // ERROR: stop value must be greater than start value !!!
          }
     }
   else if (found_slash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "/");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "/"); // Actually contains the prefix length, e. g. "24"

        q = (unsigned int) str2int (stop_str);

        tmp_in6_addr = libnet_name2addr6 (l, start_str, LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
        tx.ip6_src_stop = in6_addr_bcast(tmp_in6_addr, q);
        incr_in6_addr(tmp_in6_addr, &tx.ip6_src_start), // ensure that we do not start with the net-id
        // TODO decrement the bcast address so it's not included in the range.
        tx.ip_src_isrange = 1;
        if (in6_range_too_big(tx.ip6_src_start, tx.ip6_src_stop)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "The IPv6 range is too big.  It must be smaller than a /64.\n");
                exit (1);
        }
        return 0;
     }

   return 1; // ERROR: The specified argument string is not a range!
}

int get_ip6_range_dst (char *arg, libnet_t *l)
{

   int
     i, len,
     found_slash=0, found_dash=0;

   unsigned int q;
   uint32_t mask, invmask;
   struct libnet_in6_addr tmp_in6_addr;
   char *start_str, *stop_str;

   len = strnlen(arg,IPV6_MAX_RANGE_LEN);

   if ( (len > IPV6_MAX_RANGE_LEN) || (len < IPV6_MIN_RANGE_LEN) )
     return 1; // ERROR: no range

   // Find "-" or "/"
   for (i=0; i<len; i++)
     {
        if  (arg[i]=='/')  found_slash=1;
        if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
     }

   if ((found_slash) && (found_dash))
     exit (1); // ERROR: Wrong range string syntax (cannot use both "/" and "-" !!!

   if (found_dash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");

        // These are the start and stop IP addresses of the range:
        tx.ip6_dst_start = libnet_name2addr6 (l, start_str, LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
        tx.ip6_dst_stop = libnet_name2addr6 (l, stop_str, LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
        //XXX Not sure if this needs to be modified
        //tx.ip_dst_h = tx.ip_dst_start;
        //tx.ip_dst = str2ip32_rev (start_str);

        if (in6_addr_cmp(tx.ip6_dst_start, tx.ip6_dst_stop) < 0)
          {
             // Set range flag:
             tx.ip_dst_isrange = 1;
             return 0;
          }
        else
          {
             tx.ip_dst_isrange = 0;
             return 1; // ERROR: stop value must be greater than start value !!!
          }
     }
   else if (found_slash)
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "/");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "/"); // Actually contains the prefix length, e. g. "24"

        q = (unsigned int) str2int (stop_str);

        tmp_in6_addr = libnet_name2addr6 (l, start_str, LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
        tx.ip6_dst_stop = in6_addr_bcast(tmp_in6_addr, q);
        incr_in6_addr(tmp_in6_addr, &tx.ip6_dst_start), // ensure that we do not start with the net-id
        // TODO decrement the bcast address so it's not included in the range.
        tx.ip_dst_isrange = 1;
        return 0;
     }

   return 1; // ERROR: The specified argument string is not a range!
}

// Scans tx.eth_dst_txt or tx.eth_src_txt and sets the corresponding
// MAC addresses (tx.eth_dst or tx.eth_src) accordingly.
// Argument: What string should be checked, ETH_SRC or ETH_DST.
// 
// Return value: 
//       0 when a MAC address has been set or
//       1 when not set (or wrongly set)
//       
// Currently eth_src|dst_txt can be:
//   'rand', 'own', 'bc'|'bcast', 'stp', 'pvst', 'cisco', 
//  or a real mac address.
// 
// TODO: implement other important MAC addresses
int check_eth_mac_txt(int src_or_dst)
{
   char *eth_mac_txt;
   u_int8_t  *eth_mac;
   int *eth_rand;
   int i;

   // Check argument
   if (src_or_dst == ETH_SRC)
     {
        eth_mac_txt = tx.eth_src_txt;
        eth_mac = tx.eth_src;
        eth_rand = &tx.eth_src_rand;
     }
   else if (src_or_dst == ETH_DST)
     {
        eth_mac_txt = tx.eth_dst_txt;
        eth_mac = tx.eth_dst;   
        eth_rand = &tx.eth_dst_rand;
     }
   else
     {
        return 1; // wrong argument
     }
   
   
   // Did the user really specify a dst-address? 
   if (strnlen(eth_mac_txt, 18)==0)  
     {
        return 1; // No.
     }
   
   
   // Okay, lets check the commandline argument:
   // 
   // Do you want a random MAC?
   if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "rand", 4)==0)
     {
        rand_addr(eth_mac);
        *eth_rand = 1;
     }
   // Do you want your own interface MAC?
   else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "own", 3)==0)
     {
        for (i=0; i<6; i++)
          {
             eth_mac[i] = tx.eth_mac_own[i];
          }
     }
   // Do you want a broadcast MAC?
   else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "bc", 2)==0) // NOTE that this also fetches "bcast"
     {
        str2hex_mac("FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF", eth_mac);
     }
   // Do you want the IEEE address 'all bridges' used for STP?
   else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "stp", 3)==0) // 
     {
        str2hex_mac("01:80:C2:00:00:00", eth_mac); // IEEE for all bridges      
     }
   // Do you want the Cisco address e. g. for CDP, VTP?
   else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "cisco", 5)==0) 
     {
        str2hex_mac("01:00:0C:CC:CC:CC", eth_mac); 
     }
   // Do you want the Cisco address e. g. for CDP, VTP?
   else if (strncmp(eth_mac_txt, "pvst", 5)==0)
     {
        str2hex_mac("01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD", eth_mac); 
     }
   // The string MUST contain a mac address
   // TODO: CHECK whether the string has correct format for a mac address!
   else 
     {
        str2hex_mac(eth_mac_txt, eth_mac);
     }

   return 0;
}





// Scans argument for a port number or range and sets 
// the corresponding values in the tx struct:
// 
// a)  tx.sp_start, tx.sp_stop, tx.sp = tx.sp_start
//   
//         ** OR **
//            
// b)  tx.dp_start, tx.dp_stop, tx.dp = tx.dp_start
//   
// Arguments:
// 
//    - 'sp_or_dp' is either SRC_PORT or DST_PORT
//    - 'arg' contains the port range as string such as 1-1024
//    
// Return value: 0 on success, 1 upon failure
// 
int get_port_range (int sp_or_dp, char *arg)
{

   int i, len, found_dash=0;

   u_int32_t tmp1, tmp2;
   
   u_int16_t
     *port,
     *start,
     *stop;
   int 
     *isrange;

   char *start_str, *stop_str;
   
   
   // Check which port to manage
   if (sp_or_dp == DST_PORT)
     {
        port    =  &tx.dp;
        start   =  &tx.dp_start;
        stop    =  &tx.dp_stop;
        isrange =  &tx.dp_isrange;
     }
   else if (sp_or_dp == SRC_PORT)
     {
        port    =  &tx.sp;
        start   =  &tx.sp_start;
        stop    =  &tx.sp_stop;
        isrange =  &tx.sp_isrange;
     }
   else
     {
        return 1;  // error
     }

   
   len = strnlen(arg,12);
   if (len==0) return 1; // error
   
   // Find "-" 
   for (i=0; i<len; i++)
     {
        if  (arg[i]=='-')  found_dash=1;
     }   
   
   if (found_dash)  // range specified
     {
        start_str = strtok (arg, "-");
        stop_str = strtok (NULL, "-");
        
        tmp1 = str2int (start_str);
        if ( (tmp1<0)||(tmp1>65535)) 
          { 
             fprintf(stderr," mz/get_port_range: Invalid port range!\n");
             exit (-1);
          }
        *start = tmp1;

        tmp2 = str2int (stop_str);
        if ( (tmp2<0)||(tmp2>65535)) 
          { 
             fprintf(stderr," mz/get_port_range: Invalid port range!\n");
             exit (-1);
          }
        *stop  = tmp2;
        
        if (tmp1>tmp2) // swap start/stop values!
          {
             *start = tmp2;
             *stop  = tmp1;
          }

        *port = *start;
        *isrange = 1;

        return 0;
     }
   else // single port number
     {
        tmp1 = str2int (arg);
        if ( (tmp1<0)||(tmp1>65535)) tmp1=0;
        *port    = tmp1; 
        *isrange = 0;
        return 0;
     }
   
   return 1; // error
}




// Scans argument for TCP flags and sets 
// tx.tcp_control accordingly.
// 
// Valid keywords are: fin, syn, rst, psh, ack, urg, ecn, cwr
// Valid delimiters are: | or + or -
// Return value: 0 on success, 1 upon failure
// 
int get_tcp_flags (char*  flags)
{
   char *f;
   
   // From LSB to MSB: fin, syn, reset, push, ack, urg, ecn, cwr
   // ecn...ECN-Echo, cwr...Congestion Window Reduced
   
   if (strnlen(flags,40)==0) return 1; // error
   

   f = strtok (flags, "|+-");
   do 
     {
        if (strncmp(f,"fin",3)==0) 
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 1; 
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"syn",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 2;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"rst",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 4;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"psh",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 8;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"ack",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 16;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"urg",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 32;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"ecn",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 64;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f,"cwr",3)==0)
          {
             tx.tcp_control = tx.tcp_control | 128;
          }
        
     } while ( (f=strtok(NULL, "|+-")) != NULL);
   
   return 0;
}



// Scans string 'params' for MPLS parameters 
// and sets tx.mpls_* accordingly.
// 
// CLI Syntax Examples:
// 
// -M help       .... shows syntax
// 
// -M 800        .... label=800
// -M 800:S      .... label=800 and BOS flag set
// -M 800:S:64   .... label=800, BOS, TTL=64
// -M 800:64:S   .... same
// -M 64:77      .... label=64, TTL=77
// -M 64:800     .... INVALID
// -M 800:64     .... label=800, TTL=64
// -M 800:3:S:64 .... additionally the experimental bits are set (all fields required!)
// 
// Note: S = BOS(1), s = NOT-BOS(0)
// 
// Valid delimiters: :-.,+
// Return value: 0 on success, 1 upon failure
int get_mpls_params(char *p)
{

   char *f1, *f2, *f3, *f4;
   char params[256];

   tx.mpls_exp = 0;
   tx.mpls_ttl = 255;

   strncpy(params, p, 256);
   params[255] = '\0';

   if (strncmp(params,"help",4)==0)
     {
        fprintf(stderr,"\n"
                MAUSEZAHN_VERSION
                "\n"
                "| MPLS header Syntax: -M label[,label[,label[,...]]]\n"
                "| where each header may consist of the following parameters:\n"
                "|\n"
                "|   label ... the MPLS label (mandatory, 0..1048575)\n"
                "|   exp ..... experimental/CoS (default: 0, allowed values: 0..7)\n"
                "|   TTL ..... Time To Live (default: 255)\n"
                "|   BOS ..... marks bottom-of-stack; per default the last (most inner) header\n"
                "|             will have BOS=1. If desired you can set this flag for any header\n"  
                "|             inbetween but this will lead to an invalid packet. Simply use\n"
                "|             'S' to set BOS=1, or 's' to set BOS=0. Note that this flag MUST be\n"
                "|             the LAST argument.\n"
                "|\n"
                "| Examples:\n"
                "|\n"
                "|  -M 800        .... label=800\n"
                "|  -M 800:6      .... label=800 and CoS=6\n"
                "|  -M 800:6:55   .... label=800, CoS=6, TTL=55\n"
                "|  -M 800:S      .... label=800 and BOS=1\n"
                "|  -M 800:6:s    .... label=800, CoS=6, and BOS=0\n"
                "|\n"
                "|  multiple headers:\n"
                "|\n"
                "|  -m 30,20:7,800:5:128 ... outer label=800 with CoS=5 and TTL=128,\n"
                "|                           middle label=20 with CoS=7,\n"
                "|                           inner label=30 (this one is closest to L3).\n"
                "|\n"
                "|   Valid delimiters inside a header: : - . +\n"
                "|\n"
                "\n");
        exit (0);
     }
   else
     {

        if ( (f1 = strtok (params, ":-.+")) == NULL )
          {
             return 1; // error!
          }
        
        tx.mpls_label = (u_int32_t) str2int (f1);
        if (tx.mpls_label>1048575) 
          { 
             tx.mpls_label = 1048575; // 2^20
             fprintf(stderr," Warning: MPLS label too big! Reduced to maximum allowed value.\n");
          }
     }

      
   if ( (f2 = strtok (NULL, ":-.+")) != NULL ) // 2nd param set
     {
        if  (strncmp(f2,"S",1)==0) 
          {
             tx.mpls_bos = 1;
             return 0;
          }
        else if (strncmp(f2,"s",1)==0) 
          {
             tx.mpls_bos = 0;
             return 0;
          }
        else
          {
             tx.mpls_exp = (u_int8_t) str2int (f2);
             if (tx.mpls_exp > 7)
               {
                  tx.mpls_exp = 7;
                  fprintf(stderr," Warning: MPLS CoS too big! Reduced to maximum allowed value.\n");
               }
          }
        

        if ( (f3 = strtok (NULL, ":-.+")) != NULL ) // 3rd param set
          {
             if  (strncmp(f3,"S",1)==0) 
               {
                  tx.mpls_bos = 1;
                  return 0;
               }
             else if (strncmp(f3,"s",1)==0) 
               {
                  tx.mpls_bos = 0;
                  return 0;
               }
             else 
               {
                  if ((u_int16_t) str2int (f3)>255)
                    {
                       fprintf(stderr," Warning: MPLS TTL too big! Reduced to maximum allowed value.\n");
                       tx.mpls_ttl = 255;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                       tx.mpls_ttl = (u_int8_t) str2int (f3);
                    }
               }
             
             if ( (f4 = strtok (NULL, ":-.+")) != NULL ) // 4th param set
               {

                  if  (strncmp(f3,"S",1)==0) 
                    {
                       tx.mpls_bos = 1;
                    }
                  else if (strncmp(f3,"s",1)==0) 
                    {
                       tx.mpls_bos = 0;
                    }

               }
             
          }
     }
   
   
   return 0;
}


// Parses str for occurence of character or sequence ch.
// Returns number of occurences 
int exists(char* str, char* ch)
{
   int i,match;
   
   size_t len_str, len_ch;
   
   len_str = strlen(str);
   len_ch = strlen(ch);
   match=0;
   
   for (i=0; i<len_str; i++)
     {
        if (strcmp(str++,ch)==0) match++;
     }

   return match;
}



// Checks if str consists only of 0 and 1
// 
// RETURN VALUE:
// 
//    0  if invalid chars found or str empty
//    n  if str consists exactly of n binary digits
int mz_strisbinary(char *str)
{
        int i, len, ret=0;
   
        len = strlen(str);
        if (len==0) return 0;
   
        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
                if ((str[i]=='0') || (str[i]=='1')) {
                        ret++;
                } else {
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        return ret;
}





// Converts a string containing (max 8) binary digits into a number
// RETURN VALUE:
// 
//  Either the number on success
//  Or -1 upon failure
//  
int str2bin8 (char *str)
{
   int i, n, ret=0;
   
   n=mz_strisbinary(str);
   
   if ((!n) || (n>8)) return -1;
   
   for (i=0; i<n; i++) if (str[i]=='1') ret |= ( 0x01 << (n-1-i) ); 
   return ret;
}




// Converts a string containing (max 16) binary digits into a number
// RETURN VALUE:
// 
//  Either the number on success
//  Or -1 upon failure
//  
long int str2bin16 (char *str)
{
   int i, n;
   long int ret=0;
   
   n=mz_strisbinary(str);
   
   if ((!n) || (n>16)) return -1;
   
   for (i=0; i<n; i++) if (str[i]=='1') ret |= ( 0x01 << (n-1-i) ); // C is great ;-)
   return ret;
}



// Converts a char into a string containing ones and zeros
// 
// EXAMPLE:
// 
//   char c = 0x81; char str[16];
//   char2bits(c, str);
//   printf("%s\n",str); => "1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1"
// 
int char2bits (char c, char *str)
{
   int i,j=1;
   char tmp[]="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0";

   for (i=0; i<8; i++)
     {
        if (c&j) tmp[14-i*2]='1';
        j=j*2;
     }
   
   strncpy(str, tmp, 15);
   return 0;
}


// Takes filename and prepends valid configuration directory
// 
// 1) prefer configurable mz_default_config_path[]
// 2) otherwise use MZ_DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH
// 
// NOTE: 'filename' finally holds the full path
// and must therefore be big enough 
// 
// 
// RETURN VALUE: 
//   0 upon success
//   1 upon failure
//   
int getfullpath_cfg (char *filename)
{
        int lenf, lenp;
        char tmp[32];
        
        lenf = strnlen(filename, 32);
        
        // filename not given?
        if ((lenf==0) || (lenf==32)) return 1;
        
        strncpy(tmp, filename, 32);
        
        // Prefer user-defined path if provided:
        lenp = strnlen(mz_default_config_path,255);
        
        if (lenp) {
                if (strncmp(mz_default_config_path+lenp-1, "/",1))
                        strncat(mz_default_config_path, "/",1);
                snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",mz_default_config_path,tmp);
        }
        else {
                lenp = strlen(MZ_DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH);
                snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",MZ_DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH,tmp);
        }
        
        if ((lenf+lenp)>255) return 1;
        
        return 0;
}



// Takes filename and prepends valid logging directory
// 
// 1) prefer configurable mz_default_log_path[]
// 2) otherwise use MZ_DEFAULT_LOG_PATH
// 
// NOTE: filename is overwritten and must be big enough to hold full path!
// 
int getfullpath_log (char *filename)
{
        int lenf, lenp;
        char tmp[32];
        
        lenf = strnlen(filename, 32);
        
        // filename not given?
        if ((lenf==0) || (lenf==32)) return 1;
        
        strncpy(tmp, filename, 32);
        
        // Prefer user-defined path if provided:
        lenp = strnlen(mz_default_log_path,255);
        if (lenp) {
                if (strncmp(mz_default_log_path+lenp-1, "/",1)) 
                        strncat(mz_default_log_path, "/",1);
                snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",mz_default_log_path,tmp);
        }
        else {
                lenp = strlen(MZ_DEFAULT_LOG_PATH);
                snprintf(filename, 255, "%s%s",MZ_DEFAULT_LOG_PATH,tmp);
        }
        
        if ((lenf+lenp)>255) return 1;

        return 0;
}

// Behaves much like strncpy but additionally ensures 
// that dest is always \0-terminated.
// 
// USAGE NOTE: If you know exactly the length n of your string,
// then you must provide n+1 to support the termination character.
//
// EXAMPLE: src="Hello", n=strlen(src)=5, and mz_strncpy(dest, src, n)
// would result in dest={H,e,l,l,\0}.
// Therefore the correct usage is:  
//              mz_strncpy(dest, src, strlen(src)+1);
//                                    =============
// 
// RETURN VALUE: pointer to dest 
char * mz_strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)
{
        char *tmp;
        tmp = strncpy(dest, src, n);
        dest[n-1]='\0';
        return tmp;
}




// Helper function to count the number of arguments
// in the Mausezahn argument string (comma separated args)
// 
// RETURN VALUE: Number of arguments
// 
// TODO: Improve it. Use strtok.
// 
int number_of_args (char *str)
{
        int len=0, i=0, commas=1;
        if ((len=strnlen(str,MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE))<2) return 0; // no valid argument
        for (i=0; i<len; i++) if (str[i]==',') commas++;
        if (str[len-1]==',') commas--; // comma at the end!
        return commas;
}



// Checks if str consists only of digits 0..9
// 
// RETURN VALUE:
// 
//    0  if invalid chars found or str empty
//    n  if str consists exactly of n digits
int mz_strisnum(char *str)
{
        int i, len, ret=0;
   
        len = strlen(str);
        if (len==0) return 0;
   
        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
                if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                        ret++;
                } else {
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        return ret;
}


// Checks if str consists only of hex digits 0..9 and a..f
// 
// RETURN VALUE:
// 
//    0  if invalid chars found or str empty
//    n  if str consists exactly of n digits
int mz_strishex(char *str)
{
        int i, len, ret=0;
   
        len = strlen(str);
        if (len==0) return 0;
   
        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
                if (isxdigit(str[i])) {
                        ret++;
                } else {
                        return 0;
                }
        }
        return ret;
}


// Returns an 4-byte random number
// 
u_int32_t  mz_rand32 (void)
{
        static unsigned int r=0;
        srand(r);
        r=rand();
        return (r<<16 | r);
}






// Compares user-provided string with a specified string.
// 
// Return value:
//  
//   0  if at least min characters match 
//   1  if at least one character of usr does NOT match the corresponding character in str.
//             
// Note: Case-insensitive!
// Goal: Should be more practical and secure than strcmp (and related)
int mz_strcmp(char* usr_orig, char* str_orig, int min)
{
        int i, same=0, usrlen, max;
        char usr[80], str[80];
        
        usrlen = strlen(usr_orig);
        max = strlen(str_orig);
        
        strncpy(usr, usr_orig, 80);
        strncpy(str, str_orig, 80);
        
        // User provided not enough or too many chars
        if ((usrlen<min) || (usrlen>max)) return 1;
        
        // now check how many bytes really match
        for (i=0; i<usrlen; i++) {
                if (strncasecmp(&usr[i], &str[i], 1)==0) {
                        same++;
                }
        }
        
        if (same<usrlen) return 1;
        
        return 0;
}





// PURPOSE:
// 
//  Maps an arbitrary number of tokens from 'str' which are separated by 
//  a character 'delim' into provided arguments.
// 
// USAGE EXAMPLE:
// 
//  char str[]="Am:Dam:Des";
//  char t1[64], t2[64], t3[64], t4[64];
//  
//  mz_tok (str, ":", 4, t1, t2, t3, t4)
// 
//  => t1="Am", t2="Dam", t3="Des", t4=NULL
// 
// NOTE: 
// 
//   1. If the delimiter symbol occurs twice without gap, it is interpreted
//      as 'fill-up' command. To avoid ambiguities this may only occur once.
//      See the IPv6 address format shortcuts as similar example.     
//    
//   2. If there are less tokens than allowed, the arguments are filled up
//      in order, while the remaining are casted to NULL:
// 
//   3. str must be smaller than 4096 bytes!
//   
//   4. To mitigate buffer overflow problems, the maximum token size is 
//      currently limited to 64 bytes. Therefore it is recommended to
//      allocate 64 bytes for each argument.
//       
// RETURN VALUE: Number of returned tokens or -1 upon error

int mz_tok(char * str, char * delim, int anz, ...)
{
   
        va_list ap;
        int i=0, n=0, len, llen, rlen, ltok=0, rtok=0;
        char *d, *l, *r, *token, *saveptr, *arg;
        char str2[4096], delim2[4]="", delim3[4]="";;
        
        if (strlen(delim)!=1) return -1; // delim must contain a single character!
        strncpy(str2, str, 4095);        // protect the original str from strtok => operate on a copy only
        len = strlen(str2);
        
        // Check if some tokens are omitted (::)
        strncpy(delim2, delim, 1); strncat(delim2, delim, 1);  // create the double-delim
        strncpy(delim3, delim2, 2); strncat(delim3, delim, 1); // create the double-delim
        if (strstr(str2, delim3)!=NULL) return -1;             // Error: ':::' occured!
        
        if ( (d=strstr(str2, delim2))!=NULL ) { // delim2 ('::') found
                // Check 3 cases: "::Sat:Sun", "Mon::Sat:Sun", and "Mon:Tue::"
                if (strlen(d)>2) { // '::' is not at the end of str2
                        r=d+2;  // r points to beginning of right string
                        if (strstr(r, delim2)!=NULL) return -1; // Error: '::' occurs more than once!
                        rtok++; // there is at least one token in the right string
                        rlen = strlen(r);
                        for(i=0;i<rlen;i++) if (strncmp(r++,delim,1)==0) rtok++;
                }
                else
                        rlen = 0;
                
                if (rlen<(len-2)) { // '::' is not at the beginning of str2
                        l=d-1;  // l points to end of left string 
                        ltok++;
                        llen = len - rlen - 2;
                        for(i=0;i<llen;i++) if (strncmp(l--,delim,1)==0) ltok++;
                }
                //printf("ltok=%i, rtok=%i\n",ltok,rtok);
                if ((ltok+rtok)>anz) return -1; // More tokens than arguments ('::' here leads to ambiguous mapping)
        }
        else
                ltok=len+1; // makes subsequent algorithm to ignore exception handling
        

        
        rtok=anz-rtok; 
        va_start(ap, anz);
        
        token = strtok_r(str2, delim, &saveptr);
        if (token==NULL) { va_end(ap); return n; }
   
        for(i=0; i<anz; i++) {
                arg = va_arg(ap, char *);
                if ( (token==NULL) ||  // less tokens than arguments => assign NULL to the remaining arguments!
                     ((i>=ltok) && (i<rtok))) {
                        arg[0] = 0x00;
                }
                else { // we still have tokens...
                        n++;
                        strncpy(arg, token, 64);
                        token = strtok_r(NULL, delim, &saveptr);
                }
        }
        
        va_end(ap);
        return n;
}






// 
// PURPOSE: Simplify reading of user delay specifications.
// Parse 'a' and 'b' and configure a struct timespec, i. e. seconds and nanoseconds.
// 
// Typically 'a' contains only the value and 'b' the unit.
// But if b==NULL then 'a' may also contain the unit such as "100msec"
//
// Allowed units are: nsec, usec, sec, min, hour
//   
// NOTE: If no unit is given then assume msec as default unit
// 
// RETURN VALUE: 0 upon success, 1 upon error (bad arguments)
// 
int delay_parse (struct timespec *t, char *a, char *b)
{
        int i;
        unsigned int sfactor=0, nfactor=1000000; // assume msec as default unit
        unsigned long long delay, sdelay, ndelay;

        if (b==NULL) { // only one argument, but may contain an unit (such as '314sec')
                if (strstr(a, "msec")) {
                        nfactor=1000000;
                }
                else if (strstr(a, "usec")) {
                        nfactor=1000;
                }
                else if (strstr(a, "nsec")) {
                        nfactor=1;
                }
                else if (strstr(a, "sec")) {  // NOTE: This must be the last check since 'sec' is included in previous strings
                        sfactor=1;
                        nfactor=0;
                }
                else if (strstr(a, "min")) {
                        sfactor=60;
                        nfactor=0;
                }
                else if (strstr(a, "hour")) {
                        sfactor=3600;
                        nfactor=0;
                }
                else {  // Unit not found; check for non-digits! 
                        // NOTE: we do not currently catch wrong strings that contain sec, usec, or msec.
                        // 
                        for (i=0; i<strlen(a); i++) {
                                if (!isdigit(a[i])) return 1; // invalid unit
                        }
                        nfactor=1000000; // no unit given => assume msec
                }
        } else { // caller specified two arguments 
                if (mz_strcmp(b,"nsec", 1)==0)
                        nfactor=1;
                else if  (mz_strcmp(b,"usec", 1)==0)
                        nfactor=1000;
                else if (mz_strcmp(b,"msec", 1)==0)
                        nfactor=1000000;
                else if (mz_strcmp(b,"sec", 1)==0) {
                        sfactor=1;
                        nfactor=0;
                }
                else if (mz_strcmp(b,"min", 1)==0) {
                        sfactor=60;
                        nfactor=0;
                }
                else if (mz_strcmp(b,"hour", 1)==0) {
                        sfactor=3600;
                        nfactor=0;
                }
                else return 1; // Invalid unit
        } 

        // Get user-defined actual value:
        delay = strtoull(a, (char **)NULL, 10);
        if ((errno==ERANGE) || (delay>999999999L))  { // see man 2 nanosleep
                return 2; // Value too large! Supported range is from 0 to 999999999
        }

        sdelay = delay * sfactor;
        ndelay = delay * nfactor;
        
        if (ndelay>999999999L) { 
                sdelay = ndelay/1000000000L;
                ndelay = ndelay - (sdelay*1000000000L);
        }
        
        t->tv_sec = sdelay;
        t->tv_nsec = ndelay;
        return 0;
}