write_or_die: renamed to more appropriate name, changed other files that have ref...

[netsniff-ng.git] / src / ashunt.c

/*
 * netsniff-ng - the packet sniffing beast
 * By Daniel Borkmann <daniel@netsniff-ng.org>
 * Copyright 2011 Daniel Borkmann.
 * Subject to the GPL, version 2.
 *
 * An Autonomous System trace route utility based on TCP instead of ICMP for
 * a better passing of firewalls. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Based on the idea
 * of tcptraceroute (http://michael.toren.net/code/tcptraceroute/), but hacked
 * for Autonomous Systems tracing, thus you will know an approximate path of
 * your curvetun tunneled packets, for instance. However, ashunt was written
 * from scratch and does not use any libraries. Special thanks to Team CYMRU!
 *
 *   The road must be trod, but it will be very hard. And neither strength nor
 *   wisdom will carry us far upon it. This quest may be attempted by the weak
 *   with as much hope as the strong. Yet such is oft the course of deeds that
 *   move the wheels of the world: small hands do them because they must,
 *   while the eyes of the great are elsewhere.
 *
 *     -- The Lord of the Rings, Elrond, Chapter 'The Council of Elrond'.
 *
 * ashunt includes GeoLite data created by MaxMind, available from
 * http://www.maxmind.com/. On Debian you need libgeoip-dev, libgeoip1 and
 * geoip-database-contrib.
 */

/*

=head1 NAME

ashunt - Autonomous System (AS) trace route utility

=head1 SYNOPSIS

ashunt  -H|--host <host> -i|-d|--dev <dev> [-6|--ipv6]
        [-n|--numeric] [-N|--dns] [-f|--init-ttl <ttl>]
        [-m|--max-ttl <ttl>] [-q|--num-probes] [-x|--timeout <sec>]
        [-S|--syn] [-A|--ack] [-F|--fin] [-P|--psh] [-U|--urg]
        [-R|--rst] [-E|--ecn-syn] [-t|--tos <tos>] [-G|--nofrag]
        [-X|--payload <string>] [-Z|--show-packet] [-l|--totlen <len>]
        [-w|--whois <server>] [-W|--wport <port>] [--city-db <path>]
        [--country-db <path>] [-v|--version] [-h|--help]

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This program provides AS information on each hop between the client
and the target host.

=head1 OPTIONS

=over

=item ashunt -i eth0 -N -E -H netsniff-ng.org

IPv4 trace of AS with TCP ECN SYN probe

=item ashunt -i eth0 -N -S -H netsniff-ng.org

IPv4 trace of AS with TCP SYN probe

=item ashunt -i eth0 -N -F -H netsniff-ng.org

IPv4 trace of AS with TCP FIN probe

=item ashunt -i eth0 -N -FPU -H netsniff-ng.org

IPv4 trace of AS with Xmas probe

=item ashunt -i eth0 -N -H netsniff-ng.org -X "censor-me" -Z

IPv4 trace of AS with Null probe with ASCII payload

=item ashunt -6 -S -i eth0 -H netsniff-ng.org

IPv6 trace of AS up to netsniff-ng.org

=back

=head1 OPTIONS

=over

=item -h|--help

Print help text and lists all options.

=item -v|--version

Print version.

=item -H|--host <host>

Host/IPv4/IPv6 to lookup AS route to

=item i-|-d|--dev <netdev>

Networking device, i.e. eth0

=item -p|--port <port>

Hosts port to lookup AS route to

=item -4|--ipv4

Use IPv4 requests (default)

=item -6|--ipv6

Use IPv6 requests

=item -n|--numeric

Do not do reverse DNS lookup for hops

=item -N|--dns

Do a reverse DNS lookup for hops

=item -f|--init-ttl <ttl>

Set initial TTL

=item -m|--max-ttl <ttl>

Set maximum TTL (default: 30)

=item -q|--num-probes <num>

Number of max probes for each hop (default: 3)

=item -x|--timeout <sec>

Probe response timeout in sec (default: 3)

=item -S|--syn

Set TCP SYN flag in packets

=item -A|--ack

Set TCP ACK flag in packets

=item -F|--fin

Set TCP FIN flag in packets

=item -P|--psh

Set TCP PSH flag in packets

=item -U|--urg

Set TCP URG flag in packets

=item -R|--rst

Set TCP RST flag in packets

=item -E|--ecn-syn

Send ECN SYN packets (RFC3168)

=item -t|--tos <tos>

Set the IP TOS field

=item -w|--whois <server>

Use a different AS whois DB server
(default: /etc/netsniff-ng/whois.conf)

=item -W|--wport <port>

Use a different port to AS whois server
(default: /etc/netsniff-ng/whois.conf)

=item --city-db <path>

Specifiy path for geoip city database

=item --country-db <path>

Specifiy path for geoip country database

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Written by Daniel Borkmann <daniel@netsniff-ng.org>

=head1 DOCUMENTATION

Documentation by Emmanuel Roullit <emmanuel@netsniff-ng.org>

=head1 BUGS

Please report bugs to <bugs@netsniff-ng.org>

=cut

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#include <linux/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip6.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h>
#include <linux/icmp.h>
#include <linux/icmpv6.h>
#include <GeoIP.h>
#include <GeoIPCity.h>

#include "misc.h"
#include "bpf.h"
#include "die.h"
#include "tprintf.h"
#include "proto_hex.h"
#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "xio.h"
#include "aslookup.h"
#include "signals.h"
#include "netdev.h"
#include "mtrand.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "ring_rx.h"
#include "poll.h"

#define WHOIS_SERVER_SOURCE "/etc/netsniff-ng/whois.conf"

static int assemble_ipv6_tcp(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ttl,
                             struct sockaddr_in *sin) __attribute__ ((unused));

struct ash_cfg {
        char *host;
        char *port;
        int init_ttl;
        int max_ttl;
        int dns_resolv;
        char *dev;
        int queries;
        int timeout;
        int syn, ack, ecn, fin, psh, rst, urg;
        int tos, nofrag;
        int totlen;
        char *whois;
        char *whois_port;
        int ip;
        char *payload;
};

sig_atomic_t sigint = 0;

static int show_pkt = 0;

static GeoIP *gi_country = NULL;
static GeoIP *gi_city = NULL;

static const char *short_options = "H:p:nNf:m:i:d:q:x:SAEFPURt:Gl:w:W:hv46X:ZLK";

static struct option long_options[] = {
        {"host", required_argument, 0, 'H'},
        {"port", required_argument, 0, 'p'},
        {"init-ttl", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
        {"max-ttl", required_argument, 0, 'm'},
        {"numeric", no_argument, 0, 'n'},
        {"dns", no_argument, 0, 'N'},
        {"ipv4", no_argument, 0, '4'},
        {"ipv6", no_argument, 0, '6'},
        {"dev", required_argument, 0, 'd'},
        {"num-probes", required_argument, 0, 'q'},
        {"timeout", required_argument, 0, 'x'},
        {"syn", no_argument, 0, 'S'},
        {"ack", no_argument, 0, 'A'},
        {"urg", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
        {"fin", no_argument, 0, 'F'},
        {"psh", no_argument, 0, 'P'},
        {"rst", no_argument, 0, 'R'},
        {"ecn-syn", no_argument, 0, 'E'},
        {"tos", required_argument, 0, 't'},
        {"payload", required_argument, 0, 'X'},
        {"show-packet", no_argument, 0, 'Z'},
        {"nofrag", no_argument, 0, 'G'},
        {"totlen", required_argument, 0, 'l'},
        {"whois", required_argument, 0, 'w'},
        {"wport", required_argument, 0, 'W'},
        {"city-db", required_argument, 0, 'L'},
        {"country-db", required_argument, 0, 'K'},
        {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
        {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
        {0, 0, 0, 0}
};

static struct sock_filter ipv4_icmp_type_11[] = {
        /* (000) ldh  [12] */
        { 0x28, 0, 0, 0x0000000c },
        /* (001) jeq  #0x800 jt 2 jf 10 */
        { 0x15, 0, 8, 0x00000800 },
        /* (002) ldb  [23] */
        { 0x30, 0, 0, 0x00000017 },
        /* (003) jeq  #0x1 jt 4 jf 10 */
        { 0x15, 0, 6, 0x00000001 },
        /* (004) ldh  [20] */
        { 0x28, 0, 0, 0x00000014 },
        /* (005) jset #0x1fff jt 10 jf 6 */
        { 0x45, 4, 0, 0x00001fff },
        /* (006) ldxb 4*([14]&0xf) */
        { 0xb1, 0, 0, 0x0000000e },
        /* (007) ldb  [x + 14] */
        { 0x50, 0, 0, 0x0000000e },
        /* (008) jeq  #0xb jt 9 jf 10 */
        { 0x15, 0, 1, 0x0000000b },
        /* (009) ret  #65535 */
        { 0x06, 0, 0, 0xffffffff },
        /* (010) ret  #0 */
        { 0x06, 0, 0, 0x00000000 },
};

static struct sock_filter ipv6_icmp6_type_3[] = {
        /* (000) ldh [12] */
        { 0x28, 0, 0, 0x0000000c },
        /* (001) jeq  #0x86dd jt 2 jf 7 */
        { 0x15, 0, 5, 0x000086dd },
        /* (002) ldb  [20] */
        { 0x30, 0, 0, 0x00000014 },
        /* (003) jeq  #0x3a jt 4 jf 7 */
        { 0x15, 0, 3, 0x0000003a },
        /* (004) ldb  [54] */
        { 0x30, 0, 0, 0x00000036 },
        /* (005) jeq  #0x3 jt 6 jf 7 */
        { 0x15, 0, 1, 0x00000003 },
        /* (006) ret  #65535 */
        { 0x06, 0, 0, 0xffffffff },
        /* (007) ret  #0 */
        { 0x06, 0, 0, 0x00000000 },
};

static void signal_handler(int number)
{
        switch (number) {
        case SIGINT:
                sigint = 1;
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
}

static void header(void)
{
        printf("%s%s%s\n", colorize_start(bold), "ashunt "
               VERSION_STRING, colorize_end());
}

static void help(void)
{

        printf("\nashunt %s, Autonomous System (AS) trace route utility\n",
               VERSION_STRING);
        printf("http://www.netsniff-ng.org\n\n");
        printf("Usage: ashunt [options]\n");
        printf("Options:\n");
        printf(" -H|--host <host>        Host/IPv4/IPv6 to lookup AS route to\n");
        printf(" -p|--port <port>        Hosts port to lookup AS route to\n");
        printf(" -i|-d|--dev <device>    Networking device, i.e. eth0\n");
        printf(" -4|--ipv4               Use IPv4 requests (default)\n");
        printf(" -6|--ipv6               Use IPv6 requests\n");
        printf(" -n|--numeric            Do not do reverse DNS lookup for hops\n");
        printf(" -N|--dns                Do a reverse DNS lookup for hops\n");
        printf(" -f|--init-ttl <ttl>     Set initial TTL\n");
        printf(" -m|--max-ttl <ttl>      Set maximum TTL (default: 30)\n");
        printf(" -q|--num-probes <num>   Number of max probes for each hop (default: 3)\n");
        printf(" -x|--timeout <sec>      Probe response timeout in sec (default: 3)\n");
        printf(" -S|--syn                Set TCP SYN flag in packets\n");
        printf(" -A|--ack                Set TCP ACK flag in packets\n");
        printf(" -F|--fin                Set TCP FIN flag in packets\n");
        printf(" -P|--psh                Set TCP PSH flag in packets\n");
        printf(" -U|--urg                Set TCP URG flag in packets\n");
        printf(" -R|--rst                Set TCP RST flag in packets\n");
        printf(" -E|--ecn-syn            Send ECN SYN packets (RFC3168)\n");
        printf(" -t|--tos <tos>          Set the IP TOS field\n");
        printf(" -G|--nofrag             Set do not fragment bit\n");
        printf(" -X|--payload <string>   Specify a payload string to test DPIs\n");
        printf(" -Z|--show-packet        Show returned packet on each hop\n");
        printf(" -l|--totlen <len>       Specify total packet len\n");
        printf(" -w|--whois <server>     Use a different AS whois DB server\n");
        printf("                         (default: /etc/netsniff-ng/whois.conf)\n");
        printf(" -W|--wport <port>       Use a different port to AS whois server\n");
        printf("                         (default: /etc/netsniff-ng/whois.conf)\n");
        printf(" --city-db <path>        Specifiy path for geoip city database\n");
        printf(" --country-db <path>     Specifiy path for geoip country database\n");
        printf(" -v|--version            Print version\n");
        printf(" -h|--help               Print this help\n");
        printf("\n");
        printf("Examples:\n");
        printf("  IPv4 trace of AS with TCP ECN SYN probe:\n");
        printf("    ashunt -i eth0 -N -E -H netsniff-ng.org\n");
        printf("  IPv4 trace of AS with TCP SYN probe (this will most-likely pass):\n");
        printf("    ashunt -i eth0 -N -S -H netsniff-ng.org\n");
        printf("  IPv4 trace of AS with TCP FIN probe:\n");
        printf("    ashunt -i eth0 -N -F -H netsniff-ng.org\n");
        printf("  IPv4 trace of AS with Xmas probe:\n");
        printf("    ashunt -i eth0 -N -FPU -H netsniff-ng.org\n");
        printf("  IPv4 trace of AS with Null probe with ASCII payload:\n");
        printf("    ashunt -i eth0 -N -H netsniff-ng.org -X \"censor-me\" -Z\n");
        printf("  IPv6 trace of AS up to netsniff-ng.org:\n");
        printf("    ashunt -6 -S -i eth0 -H netsniff-ng.org\n");
        printf("\n");
        printf("Note:\n");
        printf("  If the TCP probe did not give any results, then ashunt will\n");
        printf("  automatically probe for classic ICMP packets! To gather more\n");
        printf("  information about ashunt's fetched AS numbers, see i.e.\n");
        printf("  http://bgp.he.net/AS<number>!\n");
        printf("\n");
        printf("Please report bugs to <bugs@netsniff-ng.org>\n");
        printf("Copyright (C) 2011 Daniel Borkmann <dborkma@tik.ee.ethz.ch>,\n");
        printf("Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH Zurich)\n");
        printf("License: GNU GPL version 2\n");
        printf("This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n");
        printf("There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n\n");

        die();
}

static void version(void)
{
        printf("\nashunt %s, AS trace route utility\n",
               VERSION_STRING);
        printf("http://www.netsniff-ng.org\n\n");
        printf("Please report bugs to <bugs@netsniff-ng.org>\n");
        printf("Copyright (C) 2011 Daniel Borkmann <dborkma@tik.ee.ethz.ch>,\n");
        printf("Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH Zurich)\n");
        printf("License: GNU GPL version 2\n");
        printf("This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n");
        printf("There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n\n");

        die();
}

static inline unsigned short csum(unsigned short *buf, int nwords)
{
        unsigned long sum;
        for (sum = 0; nwords > 0; nwords--)
                sum += *buf++;
        sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
        sum += (sum >> 16);
        return ~sum;
}

static void assemble_data(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, const char *payload)
{
        int i;
        if (payload == NULL) {
                for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
                        packet[i] = (uint8_t) mt_rand_int32();
        } else {
                int lmin = min(len, strlen(payload));
                for (i = 0; i < lmin; ++i)
                        packet[i] = (uint8_t) payload[i];
                for (i = lmin; i < len; ++i)
                        packet[i] = (uint8_t) mt_rand_int32();
        }
}

static void assemble_tcp(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int syn, int ack,
                         int urg, int fin, int rst, int psh, int ecn, int dport)
{
        struct tcphdr *tcph = (struct tcphdr *) packet;
        assert(len >= sizeof(struct tcphdr));
        tcph->source = htons((uint16_t) mt_rand_int32());
        tcph->dest = htons((uint16_t) dport);
        tcph->seq = htonl(mt_rand_int32());
        tcph->ack_seq = (!!ack ? htonl(mt_rand_int32()) : 0);
        tcph->doff = 5;
        tcph->syn = !!syn;
        tcph->ack = !!ack;
        tcph->urg = !!urg;
        tcph->fin = !!fin;
        tcph->rst = !!rst;
        tcph->psh = !!psh;
        tcph->ece = !!ecn;
        tcph->cwr = !!ecn;
        tcph->window = htons((uint16_t) (100 + (mt_rand_int32() % 65435)));
        tcph->check = 0;
        tcph->urg_ptr = (!!urg ? htons((uint16_t) mt_rand_int32()) :  0);
}

/* returns: ipv4 id */
static int assemble_ipv4_tcp(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ttl,
                             int tos, const struct sockaddr *dst,
                             const struct sockaddr *src, int syn, int ack,
                             int urg, int fin, int rst, int psh, int ecn,
                             int nofrag, int dport, const char *payload)
{
        struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *) packet;
        assert(src && dst);
        assert(src->sa_family == PF_INET && dst->sa_family == PF_INET);
        assert(len >= sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr));
        iph->ihl = 5;
        iph->version = 4;
        iph->tos = (uint8_t) tos;
        iph->tot_len = htons((uint16_t) len);
        iph->id = htons((uint16_t) mt_rand_int32());
        iph->frag_off = nofrag ? IP_DF : 0;
        iph->ttl = (uint8_t) ttl;
        iph->protocol = 6; /* TCP */
        iph->saddr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) src)->sin_addr.s_addr;
        iph->daddr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) dst)->sin_addr.s_addr;
        assemble_tcp(packet + sizeof(struct iphdr),
                     len - sizeof(struct iphdr), syn, ack, urg, fin, rst,
                     psh, ecn, dport);
        assemble_data(packet + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr),
                      len - sizeof(struct iphdr) - sizeof(struct tcphdr),
                      payload);
        iph->check = csum((unsigned short *) packet,
                          ntohs(iph->tot_len) >> 1);
        return ntohs(iph->id);
}

/* returns: ipv6 flow label */
static int assemble_ipv6_tcp(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ttl,
                             struct sockaddr_in *sin)
{
        return 0;
}

static void assemble_icmp4(uint8_t *packet, size_t len)
{
        struct icmphdr *icmph = (struct icmphdr *) packet;
        assert(len >= sizeof(struct icmphdr));
        icmph->type = ICMP_ECHO;
        icmph->code = 0;
        icmph->checksum = 0;
}

/* returns: ipv4 id */
static int assemble_ipv4_icmp4(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ttl,
                               int tos, const struct sockaddr *dst,
                               const struct sockaddr *src, int nofrag,
                               const char *payload)
{
        struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *) packet;
        assert(src && dst);
        assert(src->sa_family == PF_INET && dst->sa_family == PF_INET);
        assert(len >= sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr));
        iph->ihl = 5;
        iph->version = 4;
        iph->tos = 0;
        iph->tot_len = htons((uint16_t) len);
        iph->id = htons((uint16_t) mt_rand_int32());
        iph->frag_off = nofrag ? IP_DF : 0;
        iph->ttl = (uint8_t) ttl;
        iph->protocol = 1; /* ICMP4 */
        iph->saddr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) src)->sin_addr.s_addr;
        iph->daddr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) dst)->sin_addr.s_addr;
        assemble_icmp4(packet + sizeof(struct iphdr),
                       len - sizeof(struct iphdr));
        assemble_data(packet + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct icmphdr),
                      len - sizeof(struct iphdr) - sizeof(struct icmphdr),
                      payload);
        iph->check = csum((unsigned short *) packet,
                          ntohs(iph->tot_len) >> 1);
        return ntohs(iph->id);
}

static int assemble_packet_or_die(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ttl, int icmp,
                                  const struct ash_cfg *cfg,
                                  const struct sockaddr *dst,
                                  const struct sockaddr *src)
{
        if (icmp)
                return assemble_ipv4_icmp4(packet, len, ttl, cfg->tos, dst, src,
                                           cfg->nofrag, cfg->payload);
        else
                return assemble_ipv4_tcp(packet, len, ttl, cfg->tos, dst, src,
                                         cfg->syn, cfg->ack, cfg->urg, cfg->fin,
                                         cfg->rst, cfg->psh, cfg->ecn,
                                         cfg->nofrag, atoi(cfg->port),
                                         cfg->payload);
}

#define PKT_NOT_FOR_US  0
#define PKT_GOOD        1

static inline const char *make_n_a(const char *p)
{
        return p ? : "N/A";
}

static int handle_ipv4_icmp(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ttl, int id,
                            const struct sockaddr *own, int dns_resolv)
{
        int ret;
        struct iphdr *iph = (struct iphdr *) packet;
        struct iphdr *iph_inner;
        struct icmphdr *icmph;
        char *hbuff;
        struct sockaddr_in sa;
        struct asrecord rec;
        GeoIPRecord *gir;
        if (iph->protocol != 1)
                return PKT_NOT_FOR_US;
        if (iph->daddr != ((struct sockaddr_in *) own)->sin_addr.s_addr)
                return PKT_NOT_FOR_US;
        icmph = (struct icmphdr *) (packet + sizeof(struct iphdr));
        if (icmph->type != ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED)
                return PKT_NOT_FOR_US;
        if (icmph->code != ICMP_EXC_TTL)
                return PKT_NOT_FOR_US;
        iph_inner = (struct iphdr *) (packet + sizeof(struct iphdr) +
                                      sizeof(struct icmphdr));
        if (ntohs(iph_inner->id) != id)
                return PKT_NOT_FOR_US;
        hbuff = xzmalloc(NI_MAXHOST);
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sin_family = PF_INET;
        sa.sin_addr.s_addr = iph->saddr;
        getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &sa, sizeof(sa), hbuff, NI_MAXHOST,
                    NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
        memset(&rec, 0, sizeof(rec));
        ret = aslookup(hbuff, &rec);
        if (ret < 0)
                panic("AS lookup error %d!\n", ret);
        gir = GeoIP_record_by_ipnum(gi_city, ntohl(iph->saddr));
        if (!dns_resolv) {
                if (strlen(rec.country) > 0 && gir) {
                        const char *city = make_n_a(gir->city);
                        printf("%s in AS%s (%s, %s, %s, %f, %f), %s %s (%s), %s", hbuff,
                               rec.number, rec.country,
                               GeoIP_country_name_by_ipnum(gi_country, ntohl(iph->saddr)),
                               city, gir->latitude, gir->longitude,
                               rec.prefix, rec.registry, rec.since, rec.name);
                } else if (strlen(rec.country) > 0 && !gir) {
                        printf("%s in AS%s (%s, %s), %s %s (%s), %s", hbuff,
                               rec.number, rec.country,
                               GeoIP_country_name_by_ipnum(gi_country, ntohl(iph->saddr)),
                               rec.prefix, rec.registry, rec.since, rec.name);
                } else {
                        printf("%s in unkown AS", hbuff);
                }
        } else {
                struct hostent *hent = gethostbyaddr(&sa.sin_addr,
                                                     sizeof(sa.sin_addr),
                                                     PF_INET);
                if (strlen(rec.country) > 0 && gir) {
                        const char *city = make_n_a(gir->city);
                        printf("%s (%s) in AS%s (%s, %s, %s, %f, %f), %s %s (%s), %s",
                               (hent ? hent->h_name : hbuff), hbuff,
                               rec.number, rec.country,
                               GeoIP_country_name_by_ipnum(gi_country, ntohl(iph->saddr)),
                               city, gir->latitude, gir->longitude,
                               rec.prefix, rec.registry,
                               rec.since, rec.name);
                } else if (strlen(rec.country) > 0 && !gir) {
                        printf("%s (%s) in AS%s (%s, %s), %s %s (%s), %s",
                               (hent ? hent->h_name : hbuff), hbuff,
                               rec.number, rec.country,
                               GeoIP_country_name_by_ipnum(gi_country, ntohl(iph->saddr)),
                               rec.prefix, rec.registry,
                               rec.since, rec.name);
                } else {
                        printf("%s (%s) in unkown AS",
                               (hent ? hent->h_name : hbuff), hbuff);
                }
        }
        xfree(hbuff);
        return PKT_GOOD;
}

static int handle_packet(uint8_t *packet, size_t len, int ip, int ttl, int id,
                         struct sockaddr *own, int dns_resolv)
{
        return handle_ipv4_icmp(packet, len, ttl, id, own, dns_resolv);
}

static int do_trace(const struct ash_cfg *cfg)
{
        int ttl, query, fd = -1, one = 1, ret, fd_cap, ifindex;
        int is_okay = 0, id, timeout_poll;
        uint8_t *packet, *packet_rcv;
        ssize_t err, real_len;
        size_t len, len_rcv;
        struct addrinfo hints, *ahead, *ai;
        char *hbuff1, *hbuff2;
        struct sockaddr_storage ss, sd;
        struct sock_fprog bpf_ops;
        struct ring dummy_ring;
        struct pollfd pfd;

        mt_init_by_random_device();

        memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
        hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
        hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
        hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV;

        ret = getaddrinfo(cfg->host, cfg->port, &hints, &ahead);
        if (ret < 0) {
                whine("Cannot get address info!\n");
                return -EIO;
        }

        for (ai = ahead; ai != NULL && fd < 0; ai = ai->ai_next) {
                if (!((ai->ai_family == PF_INET6 && cfg->ip == 6) ||
                      (ai->ai_family == PF_INET && cfg->ip == 4)))
                        continue;
                fd = socket(ai->ai_family, SOCK_RAW, ai->ai_protocol);
                if (fd < 0)
                        continue;
                fd_cap = pf_socket();
                memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
                ret = device_address(cfg->dev, ai->ai_family, &ss);
                if (ret < 0)
                        panic("Cannot get own device address!\n");
                ret = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &ss, sizeof(ss));
                if (ret < 0)
                        panic("Cannot bind socket!\n");
                memset(&sd, 0, sizeof(sd));
                memcpy(&sd, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
                break;
        }

        freeaddrinfo(ahead);
        if (fd < 0) {
                whine("Cannot create socket! Does remote support IPv%d?!\n",
                      cfg->ip);
                return -EIO;
        }

        len = cfg->totlen;
        if (cfg->ip == 4) {
                if (len < sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr)) {
                        len = sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
                        if (cfg->payload)
                                len += strlen(cfg->payload);
                }
        } else {
                if (len < sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr)) {
                        len = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
                        if (cfg->payload)
                                len += strlen(cfg->payload);
                }
        }
        if (len >= device_mtu(cfg->dev))
                panic("Packet len exceeds device MTU!\n");

        packet = xmalloc(len);
        len_rcv = device_mtu(cfg->dev);
        packet_rcv = xmalloc(len_rcv);

        hbuff1 = xzmalloc(256);
        getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &sd, sizeof(sd), hbuff1, 256,
                    NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);

        hbuff2 = xzmalloc(256);
        getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &ss, sizeof(ss), hbuff2, 256,
                    NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);

        ret = setsockopt(fd, cfg->ip == 4 ? IPPROTO_IP : IPPROTO_IPV6,
                         IP_HDRINCL, &one, sizeof(one));
        if (ret < 0)
                panic("Kernel does not support IP_HDRINCL!\n");

        info("AS path IPv%d TCP trace from %s to %s:%s (%s) with len %u "
             "Bytes, %u max hops\n", cfg->ip, hbuff2, hbuff1, cfg->port,
             cfg->host, len, cfg->max_ttl);
        info("Using flags SYN:%d,ACK:%d,ECN:%d,FIN:%d,PSH:%d,RST:%d,URG:%d\n",
             cfg->syn, cfg->ack, cfg->ecn, cfg->fin, cfg->psh, cfg->rst,
             cfg->urg);
        if (cfg->payload) {
                info("With payload: \'%s\'\n", cfg->payload);
        }
        fflush(stdout);

        xfree(hbuff1);
        xfree(hbuff2);
        hbuff1 = hbuff2 = NULL;

        enable_kernel_bpf_jit_compiler();
        memset(&bpf_ops, 0, sizeof(bpf_ops));
        if (cfg->ip == 4) {
                bpf_ops.filter = ipv4_icmp_type_11;
                bpf_ops.len = (sizeof(ipv4_icmp_type_11) /
                               sizeof(ipv4_icmp_type_11[0]));
        } else {
                bpf_ops.filter = ipv6_icmp6_type_3;
                bpf_ops.len = (sizeof(ipv6_icmp6_type_3) /
                               sizeof(ipv6_icmp6_type_3[0]));
        }
        bpf_attach_to_sock(fd_cap, &bpf_ops);
        ifindex = device_ifindex(cfg->dev);
        bind_rx_ring(fd_cap, &dummy_ring, ifindex);
        prepare_polling(fd_cap, &pfd);
        timeout_poll = (cfg->timeout > 0 ? cfg->timeout : 3) * 1000;

        for (ttl = cfg->init_ttl; ttl <= cfg->max_ttl; ++ttl) {
                int icmp = 0;
                is_okay = 0;

                if ((ttl == cfg->init_ttl && !show_pkt) ||
                    (ttl > cfg->init_ttl)) {
                        info("%2d: ", ttl);
                        fflush(stdout);
                }
retry:
                for (query = 0; query < cfg->queries && !is_okay; ++query) {
                        id = assemble_packet_or_die(packet, len, ttl, icmp, cfg,
                                                    (struct sockaddr *) &sd,
                                                    (struct sockaddr *) &ss);
                        if (ttl == cfg->init_ttl && query == 0 && show_pkt) {
                                info("Original packet:\n");
                                hex(packet, len);
                                tprintf_flush();
                                info("\n%2d: ", ttl);
                                fflush(stdout);
                        }

                        err = sendto(fd, packet, len, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &sd,
                                     sizeof(sd));
                        if (err < 0)
                                panic("sendto failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));

                        err = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout_poll);
                        if (err > 0 && pfd.revents & POLLIN) {
                                real_len = recvfrom(fd_cap, packet_rcv, len_rcv,
                                                    0, NULL, NULL);
                                if (real_len < sizeof(struct ethhdr) +
                                    (cfg->ip ? sizeof(struct iphdr) +
                                               sizeof(struct icmphdr) :
                                               sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) +
                                               sizeof(struct icmp6hdr)))
                                        continue;

                                is_okay = handle_packet(packet_rcv + sizeof(struct ethhdr),
                                                        real_len - sizeof(struct ethhdr),
                                                        cfg->ip, ttl, id,
                                                        (struct sockaddr *) &ss,
                                                        cfg->dns_resolv);
                                if (is_okay && show_pkt) {
                                        info("\n  Received packet:\n");
                                        hex(packet_rcv, real_len);
                                        tprintf_flush();
                                }
                        } else {
                                info("* ");
                                fflush(stdout);
                                is_okay = 0;
                        }
                }

                if (is_okay == 0 && icmp == 0) {
                        icmp = 1;
                        goto retry;
                }

                info("\n");
                fflush(stdout);
        }

        close(fd_cap);
        close(fd);
        xfree(packet);
        xfree(packet_rcv);
        return 0;
}

void parse_whois_or_die(struct ash_cfg *cfg)
{
        int fd;
        ssize_t ret;
        char tmp[512], *ptr, *ptr2;

        fd = open_or_die(WHOIS_SERVER_SOURCE, O_RDONLY);
        while ((ret = read(fd, tmp, sizeof(tmp))) > 0) {
                tmp[sizeof(tmp) - 1] = 0;
                ptr = skips(tmp);
                ptr2 = ptr;
                while (*ptr2 != ' ' && ptr2 < &tmp[sizeof(tmp) - 1])
                        ptr2++;
                if (*ptr2 != ' ')
                        panic("Parser error!\n");
                *ptr2 = 0;
                cfg->whois = xstrdup(ptr);
                ptr = ptr2 + 1;
                if (ptr >= &tmp[sizeof(tmp) - 1])
                        panic("Parser error!\n");
                ptr = skips(ptr);
                ptr[strlen(ptr) - 1] = 0;
                cfg->whois_port = xstrdup(ptr);
                break;
        }
        close(fd);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int c, opt_index, ret;
        struct ash_cfg cfg;
        char *path_city_db = NULL, *path_country_db = NULL;

        check_for_root_maybe_die();

        memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
        cfg.init_ttl = 1;
        cfg.max_ttl = 30;
        cfg.queries = 3;
        cfg.timeout = 3;
        cfg.ip = 4;
        cfg.payload = NULL;
        cfg.dev = xstrdup("eth0");
        cfg.port = xstrdup("80");

        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options, long_options,
                &opt_index)) != EOF) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'h':
                        help();
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        version();
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        cfg.host = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        if (cfg.port)
                                xfree(cfg.port);
                        cfg.port = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        cfg.dns_resolv = 0;
                        break;
                case '4':
                        cfg.ip = 4;
                        break;
                case '6':
                        cfg.ip = 6;
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        show_pkt = 1;
                        break;
                case 'N':
                        cfg.dns_resolv = 1;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        cfg.init_ttl = atoi(optarg);
                        if (cfg.init_ttl <= 0)
                                help();
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        cfg.max_ttl = atoi(optarg);
                        if (cfg.max_ttl <= 0)
                                help();
                        break;
                case 'i':
                case 'd':
                        if (cfg.dev)
                                xfree(cfg.dev);
                        cfg.dev = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        cfg.queries = atoi(optarg);
                        if (cfg.queries <= 0)
                                help();
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        cfg.timeout = atoi(optarg);
                        if (cfg.timeout <= 0)
                                help();
                        break;
                case 'S':
                        cfg.syn = 1;
                        break;
                case 'A':
                        cfg.ack = 1;
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        cfg.fin = 1;
                        break;
                case 'U':
                        cfg.urg = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        cfg.psh = 1;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        cfg.rst = 1;
                        break;
                case 'E':
                        cfg.syn = 1;
                        cfg.ecn = 1;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        cfg.tos = atoi(optarg);
                        if (cfg.tos < 0)
                                help();
                        break;
                case 'G':
                        cfg.nofrag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        cfg.payload = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        cfg.totlen = atoi(optarg);
                        if (cfg.totlen <= 0)
                                help();
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        cfg.whois = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'W':
                        cfg.whois_port = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        path_city_db = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'K':
                        path_country_db = xstrdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case '?':
                        switch (optopt) {
                        case 'H':
                        case 'p':
                        case 'L':
                        case 'K':
                        case 'f':
                        case 'm':
                        case 'i':
                        case 'd':
                        case 'q':
                        case 'x':
                        case 'X':
                        case 't':
                        case 'l':
                        case 'w':
                        case 'W':
                                panic("Option -%c requires an argument!\n",
                                      optopt);
                        default:
                                if (isprint(optopt))
                                        whine("Unknown option character "
                                              "`0x%X\'!\n", optopt);
                                die();
                }
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (argc < 3 ||
            !cfg.host || !cfg.port ||
            cfg.init_ttl > cfg.max_ttl ||
            cfg.init_ttl > MAXTTL ||
            cfg.max_ttl > MAXTTL)
                help();
        if (!device_up_and_running(cfg.dev))
                panic("Networking device not up and running!\n");
        if (!cfg.whois || !cfg.whois_port)
                parse_whois_or_die(&cfg);
        if (device_mtu(cfg.dev) <= cfg.totlen)
                panic("Packet larger than device MTU!\n");
        register_signal(SIGHUP, signal_handler);
        header();
        tprintf_init();
        ret = aslookup_prepare(cfg.whois, cfg.whois_port);
        if (ret < 0)
                panic("Cannot resolve whois server!\n");
        if (path_country_db)
                gi_country = GeoIP_open(path_country_db, GEOIP_MMAP_CACHE);
        else
                gi_country = GeoIP_open_type(GEOIP_COUNTRY_EDITION,
                                             GEOIP_MMAP_CACHE);
        if (path_city_db)
                gi_city = GeoIP_open(path_city_db, GEOIP_MMAP_CACHE);
        else
                gi_city = GeoIP_open_type(GEOIP_CITY_EDITION_REV1,
                                          GEOIP_MMAP_CACHE);
        if (!gi_country || !gi_city)
                panic("Cannot open GeoIP database! Wrong path?!\n");
        GeoIP_set_charset(gi_country, GEOIP_CHARSET_UTF8);
        GeoIP_set_charset(gi_city, GEOIP_CHARSET_UTF8);
        ret = do_trace(&cfg);
        GeoIP_delete(gi_city);
        GeoIP_delete(gi_country);
        tprintf_cleanup();
        if (cfg.whois_port)
                xfree(cfg.whois_port);
        if (cfg.whois)
                xfree(cfg.whois);
        if (cfg.dev)
                xfree(cfg.dev);
        if (cfg.host)
                xfree(cfg.host);
        if (cfg.port)
                xfree(cfg.port);
        if (cfg.payload)
                xfree(cfg.payload);
        if (path_city_db)
                xfree(path_city_db);
        if (path_country_db)
                xfree(path_country_db);
        return ret;
}