debian: define SPEED_UNKNOWN if missing in linux/ethtool.h

[netsniff-ng.git] / ifpps.c

/*
 * netsniff-ng - the packet sniffing beast
 * Copyright 2009 - 2013 Daniel Borkmann.
 * Copyright 2013 Tobias Klauser
 * Subject to the GPL, version 2.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/fsuid.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <dirent.h>

#include "die.h"
#include "dev.h"
#include "sig.h"
#include "str.h"
#include "link.h"
#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "ioops.h"
#include "cpus.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "built_in.h"
#include "screen.h"

struct wifi_stat {
        uint32_t bitrate;
        int16_t link_qual, link_qual_max;
        int signal_level /*, noise_level*/;
};

struct ifstat {
        long long unsigned int rx_bytes, rx_packets, rx_drops, rx_errors;
        long long unsigned int rx_fifo, rx_frame, rx_multi;
        long long unsigned int tx_bytes, tx_packets, tx_drops, tx_errors;
        long long unsigned int tx_fifo, tx_colls, tx_carrier;
        uint64_t mem_free, mem_total, mem_active, mem_inactive;
        uint64_t swap_total, swap_free, swap_cached;
        uint32_t procs_total, procs_run, procs_iow, cswitch;
        struct wifi_stat wifi;
        /*
         * Pointer members need to be last in order for stats_zero() to work
         * properly.
         */
        long long unsigned int *irqs, *irqs_srx, *irqs_stx;
        uint64_t *cpu_user, *cpu_sys, *cpu_nice, *cpu_idle, *cpu_iow;
};

struct cpu_hit {
        unsigned int idx;
        uint64_t hit;
        long long unsigned int irqs_rel, irqs_abs;
};

struct avg_stat {
        uint64_t cpu_user, cpu_sys, cpu_nice, cpu_idle, cpu_iow;
        long double irqs_abs, irqs_rel, irqs_srx_rel, irqs_stx_rel;
};

static volatile sig_atomic_t sigint = 0;
static struct ifstat stats_old, stats_new, stats_delta;
static struct cpu_hit *cpu_hits;
static struct avg_stat stats_avg;
static int stats_loop = 0;
static int show_median = 0, show_percentage = 0;
static WINDOW *stats_screen = NULL;
static struct utsname uts;

static const char *short_options = "d:n:t:clmopPWvh";
static const struct option long_options[] = {
        {"dev",                 required_argument,      NULL, 'd'},
        {"num-cpus",            required_argument,      NULL, 'n'},
        {"interval",            required_argument,      NULL, 't'},
        {"csv",                 no_argument,            NULL, 'c'},
        {"loop",                no_argument,            NULL, 'l'},
        {"median",              no_argument,            NULL, 'm'},
        {"omit-header",         no_argument,            NULL, 'o'},
        {"promisc",             no_argument,            NULL, 'p'},
        {"percentage",          no_argument,            NULL, 'P'},
        {"no-warn",             no_argument,            NULL, 'W'},
        {"version",             no_argument,            NULL, 'v'},
        {"help",                no_argument,            NULL, 'h'},
        {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};

static void signal_handler(int number)
{
        switch (number) {
        case SIGINT:
                sigint = 1;
                break;
        case SIGHUP:
        default:
                break;
        }
}

static inline int iswireless(const struct ifstat *stats)
{
        return stats->wifi.bitrate > 0;
}

static void __noreturn help(void)
{
        printf("\nifpps %s, top-like kernel networking and system statistics\n",
               VERSION_STRING);
        puts("http://www.netsniff-ng.org\n\n"
             "Usage: ifpps [options] || ifpps <netdev>\n"
             "Options:\n"
             "  -d|--dev <netdev>      Device to fetch statistics for e.g., eth0\n"
             "  -n|--num-cpus <num>    Number of top hitter CPUs in ncurses mode (def: 5)\n"
             "  -t|--interval <time>   Refresh time in ms (default 1000 ms)\n"
             "  -c|--csv               Output to terminal as Gnuplot-ready data\n"
             "  -l|--loop              Continuous CSV output\n"
             "  -m|--median            Display median values\n"
             "  -o|--omit-header       Do not print the CSV header\n"
             "  -p|--promisc           Promiscuous mode\n"
             "  -P|--percentage        Show percentage of theoretical line rate\n"
             "  -W|--no-warn           Suppress warnings\n"
             "  -v|--version           Print version and exit\n"
             "  -h|--help              Print this help and exit\n\n"
             "Examples:\n"
             "  ifpps eth0\n"
             "  ifpps -pd eth0\n"
             "  ifpps -lpcd wlan0 > plot.dat\n\n"
             "Note:\n"
             "  On 10G cards, RX/TX statistics are usually accumulated each > 1sec.\n"
             "  Thus, in those situations, it's good to use a -t of 10sec.\n\n"
             "Please report bugs to <bugs@netsniff-ng.org>\n"
             "Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Daniel Borkmann <dborkma@tik.ee.ethz.ch>\n"
             "Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH Zurich)\n"
             "Copyright (C) 2013 Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>\n"
             "License: GNU GPL version 2.0\n"
             "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
             "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n");
        die();
}

static void __noreturn version(void)
{
        printf("\nifpps %s, Git id: %s\n", VERSION_LONG, GITVERSION);
        puts("top-like kernel networking and system statistics\n"
             "http://www.netsniff-ng.org\n\n"
             "Please report bugs to <bugs@netsniff-ng.org>\n"
             "Copyright (C) 2009-2013 Daniel Borkmann <dborkma@tik.ee.ethz.ch>\n"
             "Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH Zurich)\n"
             "Copyright (C) 2013 Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>\n"
             "License: GNU GPL version 2.0\n"
             "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
             "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n");
        die();
}

static inline int padding_from_num(int n)
{
        int i = 0;
        do {
                i++;
        } while ((n /= 10) > 0);
        return i;
}

#define STATS_ALLOC1(member)    \
        do { stats->member = xzmalloc(cpus * sizeof(*(stats->member))); } while (0)

static void stats_alloc(struct ifstat *stats, unsigned int cpus)
{
        STATS_ALLOC1(irqs);
        STATS_ALLOC1(irqs_srx);
        STATS_ALLOC1(irqs_stx);

        STATS_ALLOC1(cpu_user);
        STATS_ALLOC1(cpu_sys);
        STATS_ALLOC1(cpu_nice);
        STATS_ALLOC1(cpu_idle);
        STATS_ALLOC1(cpu_iow);
}

#define STATS_ZERO1(member)     \
        do { memset(stats->member, 0, cpus * sizeof(*(stats->member))); } while (0)

static void stats_zero(struct ifstat *stats, unsigned int cpus)
{
        /* Only clear the non-pointer members */
        memset(stats, 0, offsetof(struct ifstat, irqs));

        STATS_ZERO1(irqs);
        STATS_ZERO1(irqs_srx);
        STATS_ZERO1(irqs_stx);

        STATS_ZERO1(cpu_user);
        STATS_ZERO1(cpu_sys);
        STATS_ZERO1(cpu_nice);
        STATS_ZERO1(cpu_idle);
        STATS_ZERO1(cpu_iow);
}

#define STATS_RELEASE(member)   \
        do { xfree(stats->member); } while (0)

static void stats_release(struct ifstat *stats)
{
        STATS_RELEASE(irqs);
        STATS_RELEASE(irqs_srx);
        STATS_RELEASE(irqs_stx);

        STATS_RELEASE(cpu_user);
        STATS_RELEASE(cpu_sys);
        STATS_RELEASE(cpu_nice);
        STATS_RELEASE(cpu_idle);
        STATS_RELEASE(cpu_iow);
}

static int stats_proc_net_dev(const char *ifname, struct ifstat *stats)
{
        int ret = -EINVAL;
        char buff[256];
        FILE *fp;

        fp = fopen("/proc/net/dev", "r");
        if (!fp)
                panic("Cannot open /proc/net/dev!\n");

        if (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) { ; }
        if (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp)) { ; }

        memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));

        while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp) != NULL) {
                buff[sizeof(buff) -1] = 0;

                if (strstr(buff, ifname) == NULL)
                        continue;

                if (sscanf(buff, "%*[a-z0-9 .-]:%llu%llu%llu%llu%llu%llu"
                           "%llu%*u%llu%llu%llu%llu%llu%llu%llu",
                           &stats->rx_bytes, &stats->rx_packets,
                           &stats->rx_errors, &stats->rx_drops,
                           &stats->rx_fifo, &stats->rx_frame,
                           &stats->rx_multi, &stats->tx_bytes,
                           &stats->tx_packets, &stats->tx_errors,
                           &stats->tx_drops, &stats->tx_fifo,
                           &stats->tx_colls, &stats->tx_carrier) == 14) {
                        ret = 0;
                        break;
                }

                memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
        }

        fclose(fp);
        return ret;
}

static int stats_proc_interrupts(char *ifname, struct ifstat *stats)
{
        int ret = -EINVAL, try = 0;
        unsigned int i, cpus;
        char *ptr, *buff;
        bool seen = false;
        size_t buff_len;
        struct ethtool_drvinfo drvinf;
        FILE *fp;

        fp = fopen("/proc/interrupts", "r");
        if (!fp)
                panic("Cannot open /proc/interrupts!\n");

        cpus = get_number_cpus();
        buff_len = cpus * 128;
        buff = xmalloc(buff_len);
retry:
        fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
        memset(buff, 0, buff_len);

        while (fgets(buff, buff_len, fp) != NULL) {
                buff[buff_len - 1] = 0;

                if (strstr(buff, ifname) == NULL)
                        continue;

                ptr = strchr(buff, ':');
                if (!ptr)
                        continue;
                ptr++;

                for (i = 0; i < cpus && ptr; ++i) {
                        if (seen)
                                stats->irqs[i] += strtol(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                        else
                                stats->irqs[i] = strtol(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                        if (i == cpus - 1) {
                                ret = 0;
                                seen = true;
                        }
                }

                memset(buff, 0, buff_len);
        }

        if (ret == -EINVAL && try == 0) {
                memset(&drvinf, 0, sizeof(drvinf));
                if (ethtool_drvinf(ifname, &drvinf) < 0)
                        goto done;

                ifname = drvinf.driver;
                try++;

                goto retry;
        }
done:
        xfree(buff);
        fclose(fp);
        return ret;
}

static int stats_proc_softirqs(struct ifstat *stats)
{
        unsigned int i, cpus;
        char *ptr, *buff;
        size_t buff_len;
        FILE *fp;
        enum {
                softirqs_net_rx,
                softirqs_net_tx,
        } net_type;

        fp = fopen("/proc/softirqs", "r");
        if (!fp)
                panic("Cannot open /proc/softirqs!\n");

        cpus = get_number_cpus();
        buff_len = cpus * 128;
        buff = xmalloc(buff_len);

        memset(buff, 0, buff_len);

        while (fgets(buff, buff_len, fp) != NULL) {
                buff[buff_len - 1] = 0;

                if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "NET_TX:")))
                        net_type = softirqs_net_tx;
                else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "NET_RX:")))
                        net_type = softirqs_net_rx;
                else
                        continue;

                for (ptr += strlen("NET_xX:"), i = 0; i < cpus; ++i) {
                        switch (net_type) {
                        case softirqs_net_tx:
                                stats->irqs_stx[i] = strtol(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                                break;
                        case softirqs_net_rx:
                                stats->irqs_srx[i] = strtol(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                                break;
                        }
                }

                memset(buff, 0, buff_len);
        }

        xfree(buff);
        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
}

static int stats_proc_memory(struct ifstat *stats)
{
        char *ptr, buff[256];
        FILE *fp;

        fp = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
        if (!fp)
                panic("Cannot open /proc/meminfo!\n");

        memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));

        while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp) != NULL) {
                buff[sizeof(buff) - 1] = 0;

                if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "MemTotal:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("MemTotal:");
                        stats->mem_total = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "MemFree:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("MemFree:");
                        stats->mem_free = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "Active:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("Active:");
                        stats->mem_active = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "Inactive:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("Inactive:");
                        stats->mem_inactive = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "SwapTotal:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("SwapTotal:");
                        stats->swap_total = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "SwapFree:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("SwapFree:");
                        stats->swap_free = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "SwapCached:"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("SwapCached:");
                        stats->swap_cached = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                }

                memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
        }

        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
}

static int stats_proc_system(struct ifstat *stats)
{
        unsigned int cpu, cpus;
        char *ptr, buff[256];
        FILE *fp;

        fp = fopen("/proc/stat", "r");
        if (!fp)
                panic("Cannot open /proc/stat!\n");

        cpus = get_number_cpus();

        memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));

        while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fp) != NULL) {
                buff[sizeof(buff) - 1] = 0;

                if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "cpu"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("cpu");
                        if (isblank(*ptr))
                                goto next;

                        cpu = strtol(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                        bug_on(cpu > cpus);

                        if (sscanf(ptr, "%lu%lu%lu%lu%lu",
                                   &stats->cpu_user[cpu],
                                   &stats->cpu_nice[cpu],
                                   &stats->cpu_sys[cpu],
                                   &stats->cpu_idle[cpu],
                                   &stats->cpu_iow[cpu]) != 5)
                                goto next;
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "ctxt"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("ctxt");
                        stats->cswitch = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "procs_running"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("procs_running");
                        stats->procs_run = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                } else if ((ptr = strstr(buff, "procs_blocked"))) {
                        ptr += strlen("procs_blocked");
                        stats->procs_iow = strtoul(ptr, &ptr, 10);
                }
next:
                memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
        }

        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
}

static int stats_proc_procs(struct ifstat *stats)
{
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *e;

        dir = opendir("/proc");
        if (!dir)
                panic("Cannot open /proc\n");

        stats->procs_total = 0;

        while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
                const char *name = e->d_name;
                char *end;
                unsigned int pid = strtoul(name, &end, 10);

                /* not a number */
                if (pid == 0 && end == name)
                        continue;

                stats->procs_total++;
        }

        closedir(dir);

        return 0;
}

static int adjust_dbm_level(int in_dbm, int dbm_val)
{
        if (!in_dbm)
                return dbm_val;

        return dbm_val - 0x100;
}

static int stats_wireless(const char *ifname, struct ifstat *stats)
{
        int ret;
        struct iw_statistics ws;

        ret = wireless_sigqual(ifname, &ws);
        if (ret != 0) {
                stats->wifi.bitrate = 0;
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        stats->wifi.bitrate = wireless_bitrate(ifname);

        stats->wifi.signal_level =
                adjust_dbm_level(ws.qual.updated & IW_QUAL_DBM, ws.qual.level);

        stats->wifi.link_qual = ws.qual.qual;
        stats->wifi.link_qual_max = wireless_rangemax_sigqual(ifname);

        return ret;
}

#define DIFF1(member)   do { diff->member = new->member - old->member; } while (0)
#define DIFF(member)    do { \
                if (sizeof(diff->member) != sizeof(new->member) || \
                    sizeof(diff->member) != sizeof(old->member)) \
                        bug(); \
                if ((new->member - old->member) > (new->member)) { \
                        diff->member = 0; \
                } else { \
                        DIFF1(member); \
                } \
        } while (0)

static void stats_diff(struct ifstat *old, struct ifstat *new,
                       struct ifstat *diff)
{
        unsigned int cpus, i;

        DIFF(rx_bytes);
        DIFF(rx_packets);
        DIFF(rx_drops);
        DIFF(rx_errors);
        DIFF(rx_fifo);
        DIFF(rx_frame);
        DIFF(rx_multi);

        DIFF(tx_bytes);
        DIFF(tx_packets);
        DIFF(tx_drops);
        DIFF(tx_errors);
        DIFF(tx_fifo);
        DIFF(tx_colls);
        DIFF(tx_carrier);

        DIFF1(wifi.signal_level);
        DIFF1(wifi.link_qual);

        DIFF1(cswitch);

        cpus = get_number_cpus();

        for (i = 0; i < cpus; ++i) {
                DIFF(irqs[i]);
                DIFF(irqs_srx[i]);
                DIFF(irqs_stx[i]);

                DIFF1(cpu_user[i]);
                DIFF1(cpu_nice[i]);
                DIFF1(cpu_sys[i]);
                DIFF1(cpu_idle[i]);
                DIFF1(cpu_iow[i]);
        }
}

static void stats_fetch(const char *ifname, struct ifstat *stats)
{
        if (stats_proc_net_dev(ifname, stats) < 0)
                panic("Cannot fetch device stats!\n");
        if (stats_proc_softirqs(stats) < 0)
                panic("Cannot fetch software interrupts!\n");
        if (stats_proc_memory(stats) < 0)
                panic("Cannot fetch memory stats!\n");
        if (stats_proc_system(stats) < 0)
                panic("Cannot fetch system stats!\n");
        if (stats_proc_procs(stats) < 0)
                panic("Cannot fetch process stats!\n");

        stats_proc_interrupts((char *) ifname, stats);

        stats_wireless(ifname, stats);
}

static void stats_sample_generic(const char *ifname, uint64_t ms_interval)
{
        unsigned int cpus = get_number_cpus();

        stats_zero(&stats_old, cpus);
        stats_zero(&stats_new, cpus);
        stats_zero(&stats_delta, cpus);

        stats_fetch(ifname, &stats_old);
        usleep(ms_interval * 1000);
        stats_fetch(ifname, &stats_new);

        stats_diff(&stats_old, &stats_new, &stats_delta);
}

static int cmp_hits(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        const struct cpu_hit *h1 = p1, *h2 = p2;

        /*
         * We want the hits sorted in descending order, thus reverse the return
         * values.
         */
        if (h1->hit == h2->hit)
                return 0;
        else if (h1->hit < h2->hit)
                return 1;
        else
                return -1;
}

static int cmp_irqs_rel(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        const struct cpu_hit *h1 = p1, *h2 = p2;

        /*
         * We want the hits sorted in descending order, thus reverse the return
         * values.
         */
        if (h1->irqs_rel == h2->irqs_rel)
                return 0;
        else if (h1->irqs_rel < h2->irqs_rel)
                return 1;
        else
                return -1;
}

static int cmp_irqs_abs(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        const struct cpu_hit *h1 = p1, *h2 = p2;

        /*
         * We want the hits sorted in descending order, thus reverse the return
         * values.
         */
        if (h1->irqs_abs == h2->irqs_abs)
                return 0;
        else if (h1->irqs_abs < h2->irqs_abs)
                return 1;
        else
                return -1;
}

static void stats_top(const struct ifstat *rel, const struct ifstat *abs,
                      unsigned int cpus)
{
        unsigned int i;

        memset(&stats_avg, 0, sizeof(stats_avg));

        for (i = 0; i < cpus; ++i) {
                cpu_hits[i].idx = i;
                cpu_hits[i].hit = rel->cpu_user[i] + rel->cpu_nice[i] + rel->cpu_sys[i];
                cpu_hits[i].irqs_rel = rel->irqs[i];
                cpu_hits[i].irqs_abs = abs->irqs[i];

                stats_avg.cpu_user += rel->cpu_user[i];
                stats_avg.cpu_sys += rel->cpu_sys[i];
                stats_avg.cpu_nice += rel->cpu_nice[i];
                stats_avg.cpu_idle += rel->cpu_idle[i];
                stats_avg.cpu_iow += rel->cpu_iow[i];

                stats_avg.irqs_abs += abs->irqs[i];
                stats_avg.irqs_rel += rel->irqs[i];
                stats_avg.irqs_srx_rel += rel->irqs_srx[i];
                stats_avg.irqs_stx_rel += rel->irqs_stx[i];
        }

        stats_avg.cpu_user /= cpus;
        stats_avg.cpu_sys /= cpus;
        stats_avg.cpu_nice /= cpus;
        stats_avg.cpu_idle /= cpus;
        stats_avg.cpu_iow /= cpus;
        stats_avg.irqs_abs /= cpus;
        stats_avg.irqs_rel /= cpus;
        stats_avg.irqs_srx_rel /= cpus;
        stats_avg.irqs_stx_rel /= cpus;
}

static void screen_header(WINDOW *screen, const char *ifname, int *voff,
                          u32 rate, uint64_t ms_interval, unsigned int top_cpus)
{
        size_t len = 0;
        char buff[64], machine[64];
        struct ethtool_drvinfo drvinf;
        int link = ethtool_link(ifname);
        unsigned int cpus = get_number_cpus();

        memset(&drvinf, 0, sizeof(drvinf));
        ethtool_drvinf(ifname, &drvinf);

        memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
        memset(machine, 0, sizeof(machine));

        if (rate)
                len += snprintf(buff + len, sizeof(buff) - len, " %uMbit/s", rate);
        if (link >= 0)
                len += snprintf(buff + len, sizeof(buff) - len, " link:%s",
                                link == 0 ? "no" : "yes");

        if (!strstr(uts.release, uts.machine))
                slprintf(machine, sizeof(machine), " %s,", uts.machine);

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "%s,%s %s (%s%s), t=%lums, cpus=%u%s/%u"
                  "               ", uts.release, machine,
                  ifname, drvinf.driver, buff, ms_interval, top_cpus,
                  top_cpus > 0 && top_cpus < cpus ? "+1" : "", cpus);
}

static void screen_net_dev_rel(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                               int *voff)
{
        attron(A_REVERSE);

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 0,
                  "  rx: %16.3llf MiB/t "
                        "%10llu pkts/t "
                        "%10llu drops/t "
                        "%10llu errors/t  ",
                  ((long double) rel->rx_bytes) / (1LLU << 20),
                  rel->rx_packets, rel->rx_drops, rel->rx_errors);

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 0,
                  "  tx: %16.3llf MiB/t "
                        "%10llu pkts/t "
                        "%10llu drops/t "
                        "%10llu errors/t  ",
                  ((long double) rel->tx_bytes) / (1LLU << 20),
                  rel->tx_packets, rel->tx_drops, rel->tx_errors);

        attroff(A_REVERSE);
}

static void screen_net_dev_percentage(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                                      int *voff, u32 rate)
{
        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 0,
                  "  rx: %15.2llf%% of line rate  "
                  "                                                  ",
                  rate ? ((((long double) rel->rx_bytes) / 125000) / rate) * 100.0 : 0.0);

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 0,
                  "  tx: %15.2llf%% of line rate  "
                  "                                                  ",
                  rate ? ((((long double) rel->tx_bytes) / 125000) / rate) * 100.0 : 0.0);
}

static void screen_net_dev_abs(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *abs,
                               int *voff)
{
        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "rx: %16.3llf MiB   "
                      "%10llu pkts   "
                      "%10llu drops   "
                      "%10llu errors",
                  ((long double) abs->rx_bytes) / (1LLU << 20),
                  abs->rx_packets, abs->rx_drops, abs->rx_errors);

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "tx: %16.3llf MiB   "
                      "%10llu pkts   "
                      "%10llu drops   "
                      "%10llu errors",
                  ((long double) abs->tx_bytes) / (1LLU << 20),
                  abs->tx_packets, abs->tx_drops, abs->tx_errors);
}

static void screen_sys(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                       const struct ifstat *abs, int *voff)
{
        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "sys:  %14u cs/t "
                        "%11u procs "
                        "%11u running "
                        "%10u iowait",
                  rel->cswitch, abs->procs_total, abs->procs_run, abs->procs_iow);
}

static void screen_mem_swap(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *abs, int *voff)
{
        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "mem:  %13uM total "
                         "%9uM used "
                        "%11uM active "
                        "%10uM inactive",
                        abs->mem_total / 1024,
                        (abs->mem_total - abs->mem_free) / 1024,
                        abs->mem_active / 1024,
                        abs->mem_inactive / 1024);

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "swap:  %12uM total "
                          "%9uM used "
                         "%11uM cached",
                  abs->swap_total / 1024,
                  (abs->swap_total - abs->swap_free) / 1024,
                  abs->swap_cached / 1024);
}

static void screen_percpu_states_one(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                                     int *voff, unsigned int idx, char *tag)
{
        int max_padd = padding_from_num(get_number_cpus());
        uint64_t all = rel->cpu_user[idx] + rel->cpu_nice[idx] + rel->cpu_sys[idx] +
                       rel->cpu_idle[idx] + rel->cpu_iow[idx];

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "cpu%*d %s: %11.1lf%% usr/t "
                              "%9.1lf%% sys/t "
                             "%10.1lf%% idl/t "
                             "%11.1lf%% iow/t",
                  max_padd, idx, tag,
                  100.0 * (rel->cpu_user[idx] + rel->cpu_nice[idx]) / all,
                  100.0 * rel->cpu_sys[idx] / all,
                  100.0 * rel->cpu_idle[idx] / all,
                  100.0 * rel->cpu_iow[idx] / all);
}

#define MEDIAN_EVEN(member)     do { \
        m_##member = (rel->member[i] + rel->member[j]) / 2.0; \
} while (0)

#define MEDIAN_ODD(member)      do { \
        m_##member = rel->member[i]; \
} while (0)

static void screen_percpu_states(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                                 const struct avg_stat *avg,
                                 unsigned int top_cpus, int *voff)
{
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned int cpus = get_number_cpus();
        int max_padd = padding_from_num(cpus);
        uint64_t all;

        if (top_cpus == 0)
                return;

        /* Display top hitter */
        screen_percpu_states_one(screen, rel, voff, cpu_hits[0].idx, "+");

        /* Make sure we don't display the min. hitter twice */
        if (top_cpus == cpus)
                top_cpus--;

        for (i = 1; i < top_cpus; ++i)
                screen_percpu_states_one(screen, rel, voff, cpu_hits[i].idx, "|");

        /* Display minimum hitter */
        if (cpus != 1)
                screen_percpu_states_one(screen, rel, voff, cpu_hits[cpus - 1].idx, "-");

        all = avg->cpu_user + avg->cpu_sys + avg->cpu_nice + avg->cpu_idle + avg->cpu_iow;
        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "avg:%*s%14.1lf%%       "
                        "%9.1lf%%       "
                       "%10.1lf%%       "
                       "%11.1lf%%", max_padd, "",
                 100.0 * (avg->cpu_user + avg->cpu_nice) / all,
                 100.0 * avg->cpu_sys / all,
                 100.0 * avg->cpu_idle /all,
                 100.0 * avg->cpu_iow / all);

        if (show_median) {
                long double m_cpu_user, m_cpu_nice, m_cpu_sys, m_cpu_idle, m_cpu_iow;
                long double m_all;

                i = cpu_hits[cpus / 2].idx;
                if (cpus % 2 == 0) {
                        /* take the mean of the 2 middle entries */
                        int j = cpu_hits[(cpus / 2) - 1].idx;

                        MEDIAN_EVEN(cpu_user);
                        MEDIAN_EVEN(cpu_nice);
                        MEDIAN_EVEN(cpu_sys);
                        MEDIAN_EVEN(cpu_idle);
                        MEDIAN_EVEN(cpu_iow);
                } else {
                        /* take the middle entry as is */
                        MEDIAN_ODD(cpu_user);
                        MEDIAN_ODD(cpu_nice);
                        MEDIAN_ODD(cpu_sys);
                        MEDIAN_ODD(cpu_idle);
                        MEDIAN_ODD(cpu_iow);
                }

                m_all = m_cpu_user + m_cpu_sys + m_cpu_nice + m_cpu_idle + m_cpu_iow;
                mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                          "med:%*s%14.1Lf%%       "
                                "%9.1Lf%%       "
                               "%10.1Lf%%       "
                               "%11.1Lf%%", max_padd, "",
                         100.0 * (m_cpu_user + m_cpu_nice) / m_all,
                         100.0 * m_cpu_sys / m_all,
                         100.0 * m_cpu_idle /m_all,
                         100.0 * m_cpu_iow / m_all);
        }
}

static void screen_percpu_irqs_rel_one(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                                       int *voff, unsigned int idx, char *tag)
{
        int max_padd = padding_from_num(get_number_cpus());

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "cpu%*d %s: %12llu irqs/t "
                             "%17llu sirq rx/t "
                             "%17llu sirq tx/t",
                  max_padd, idx, tag,
                  rel->irqs[idx],
                  rel->irqs_srx[idx],
                  rel->irqs_stx[idx]);
}

static void screen_percpu_irqs_rel(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                                   const struct avg_stat *avg,
                                   unsigned int top_cpus, int *voff)
{
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned int cpus = get_number_cpus();
        int max_padd = padding_from_num(cpus);

        screen_percpu_irqs_rel_one(screen, rel, voff, cpu_hits[0].idx, "+");

        if (top_cpus == cpus)
                top_cpus--;

        for (i = 1; i < top_cpus; ++i)
                screen_percpu_irqs_rel_one(screen, rel, voff, cpu_hits[i].idx, "|");

        if (cpus != 1)
                screen_percpu_irqs_rel_one(screen, rel, voff, cpu_hits[cpus - 1].idx, "-");

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                 "avg:%*s%17.1Lf        "
                      "%17.1Lf           "
                      "%17.1Lf", max_padd, "",
                 avg->irqs_rel, avg->irqs_srx_rel, avg->irqs_stx_rel);

        if (show_median) {
                long double m_irqs, m_irqs_srx, m_irqs_stx;

                i = cpu_hits[cpus / 2].idx;
                if (cpus % 2 == 0) {
                        /* take the mean of the 2 middle entries */
                        int j = cpu_hits[(cpus / 2) - 1].idx;

                        MEDIAN_EVEN(irqs);
                        MEDIAN_EVEN(irqs_srx);
                        MEDIAN_EVEN(irqs_stx);
                } else {
                        /* take the middle entry as is */
                        MEDIAN_ODD(irqs);
                        MEDIAN_ODD(irqs_srx);
                        MEDIAN_ODD(irqs_stx);
                }

                mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                         "med:%*s%17.1Lf        "
                              "%17.1Lf           "
                              "%17.1Lf", max_padd, "",
                         m_irqs, m_irqs_srx, m_irqs_stx);
        }
}

static void screen_percpu_irqs_abs_one(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *abs,
                                       int *voff, unsigned int idx, char *tag)
{
        int max_padd = padding_from_num(get_number_cpus());

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                  "cpu%*d %s: %12llu irqs",
                  max_padd, idx, tag, abs->irqs[idx]);
}

static void screen_percpu_irqs_abs(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *abs,
                                   const struct avg_stat *avg,
                                   unsigned int top_cpus, int *voff)
{
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned int cpus = get_number_cpus();
        int max_padd = padding_from_num(cpus);

        screen_percpu_irqs_abs_one(screen, abs, voff, cpu_hits[0].idx, "+");

        if (top_cpus == cpus)
                top_cpus--;

        for (i = 1; i < top_cpus; ++i)
                screen_percpu_irqs_abs_one(screen, abs, voff, cpu_hits[i].idx, "|");

        if (cpus != 1)
                screen_percpu_irqs_abs_one(screen, abs, voff, cpu_hits[cpus - 1].idx, "-");

        mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                 "avg:%*s%17.1Lf", max_padd, "", avg->irqs_abs);

        if (show_median) {
                long double m_irqs;

                i = cpu_hits[cpus / 2].idx;
                if (cpus % 2 == 0) {
                        /* take the mean of the 2 middle entries */
                        int j = cpu_hits[(cpus / 2) - 1].idx;

                        m_irqs = (abs->irqs[i] + abs->irqs[j]) / 2;
                } else {
                        /* take the middle entry as is */
                        m_irqs = abs->irqs[i];
                }

                mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                          "med:%*s%17.1Lf", max_padd, "", m_irqs);
        }
}

static void screen_wireless(WINDOW *screen, const struct ifstat *rel,
                            const struct ifstat *abs, int *voff)
{
        if (iswireless(abs)) {
                mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                          "linkqual: %7d/%d (%d/t)          ",
                          abs->wifi.link_qual,
                          abs->wifi.link_qual_max,
                          rel->wifi.link_qual);

                mvwprintw(screen, (*voff)++, 2,
                          "signal: %8d dBm (%d dBm/t)       ",
                          abs->wifi.signal_level,
                          rel->wifi.signal_level);
        }
}

static void screen_update(WINDOW *screen, const char *ifname, const struct ifstat *rel,
                          const struct ifstat *abs, const struct avg_stat *avg,
                          int *first, uint64_t ms_interval, unsigned int top_cpus,
                          bool need_info)
{
        unsigned int cpus, top;
        int voff = 1, cvoff = 2;
        u32 rate = device_bitrate(ifname);

        curs_set(0);

        cpus = get_number_cpus();
        top = min(cpus, top_cpus);

        stats_top(rel, abs, cpus);

        qsort(cpu_hits, cpus, sizeof(*cpu_hits), cmp_hits);

        screen_header(screen, ifname, &voff, rate, ms_interval, top_cpus);

        voff++;
        screen_net_dev_rel(screen, rel, &voff);

        if (show_percentage) {
                voff++;
                screen_net_dev_percentage(screen, rel, &voff, rate);
        }

        voff++;
        screen_net_dev_abs(screen, abs, &voff);

        voff++;
        screen_sys(screen, rel, abs, &voff);

        voff++;
        screen_mem_swap(screen, abs, &voff);

        voff++;
        screen_percpu_states(screen, rel, avg, top, &voff);

        qsort(cpu_hits, cpus, sizeof(*cpu_hits), cmp_irqs_rel);

        voff++;
        screen_percpu_irqs_rel(screen, rel, avg, top, &voff);

        qsort(cpu_hits, cpus, sizeof(*cpu_hits), cmp_irqs_abs);

        voff++;
        screen_percpu_irqs_abs(screen, abs, avg, top, &voff);

        voff++;
        screen_wireless(screen, rel, abs, &voff);

        if (*first) {
                mvwprintw(screen, cvoff, 2, "Collecting data ...");
                *first = 0;
        } else {
                if (need_info)
                        mvwprintw(screen, cvoff, 2, "(consider to increase "
                                  "your sampling interval, e.g. -t %d)",
                        rate > SPEED_1000 ? 10000 : 1000);
                else
                        mvwprintw(screen, cvoff, 2, "                      "
                                  "                                      ");
        }

        wrefresh(screen);
        refresh();
}

static int screen_main(const char *ifname, uint64_t ms_interval,
                       unsigned int top_cpus, bool suppress_warnings,
                       bool omit_header __maybe_unused)
{
        int first = 1, key;
        u32 rate = device_bitrate(ifname);
        bool need_info = false;

        stats_screen = screen_init(true);

        if (((rate > SPEED_1000 && ms_interval <= 1000) ||
             (rate = SPEED_1000 && ms_interval <  1000)) &&
             !suppress_warnings)
                need_info = true;

        while (!sigint) {
                key = getch();
                if (key == 'q' || key == 0x1b || key == KEY_F(10))
                        break;

                screen_update(stats_screen, ifname, &stats_delta, &stats_new, &stats_avg,
                              &first, ms_interval, top_cpus, need_info);

                stats_sample_generic(ifname, ms_interval);
        }

        screen_end();

        return 0;
}

static void term_csv(const struct ifstat *rel, const struct ifstat *abs)
{
        unsigned int cpus, i;

        printf("%ld ", time(NULL));

        printf("%llu ", rel->rx_bytes);
        printf("%llu ", rel->rx_packets);
        printf("%llu ", rel->rx_drops);
        printf("%llu ", rel->rx_errors);

        printf("%llu ", abs->rx_bytes);
        printf("%llu ", abs->rx_packets);
        printf("%llu ", abs->rx_drops);
        printf("%llu ", abs->rx_errors);

        printf("%llu ", rel->tx_bytes);
        printf("%llu ", rel->tx_packets);
        printf("%llu ", rel->tx_drops);
        printf("%llu ", rel->tx_errors);

        printf("%llu ", abs->tx_bytes);
        printf("%llu ", abs->tx_packets);
        printf("%llu ", abs->tx_drops);
        printf("%llu ", abs->tx_errors);

        printf("%u ",  rel->cswitch);
        printf("%lu ", abs->mem_free);
        printf("%lu ", abs->mem_total - abs->mem_free);
        printf("%lu ", abs->mem_total);
        printf("%lu ", abs->swap_free);
        printf("%lu ", abs->swap_total - abs->swap_free);
        printf("%lu ", abs->swap_total);
        printf("%u ",  abs->procs_total);
        printf("%u ",  abs->procs_run);
        printf("%u ",  abs->procs_iow);

        cpus = get_number_cpus();

        for (i = 0; i < cpus; ++i) {
                printf("%lu ", rel->cpu_user[i]);
                printf("%lu ", rel->cpu_nice[i]);
                printf("%lu ", rel->cpu_sys[i]);
                printf("%lu ", rel->cpu_idle[i]);
                printf("%lu ", rel->cpu_iow[i]);

                printf("%llu ", rel->irqs[i]);
                printf("%llu ", abs->irqs[i]);

                printf("%llu ", rel->irqs_srx[i]);
                printf("%llu ", abs->irqs_srx[i]);

                printf("%llu ", rel->irqs_stx[i]);
                printf("%llu ", abs->irqs_stx[i]);
        }

        if (iswireless(abs)) {
                printf("%u ", rel->wifi.link_qual);
                printf("%u ", abs->wifi.link_qual);
                printf("%u ", abs->wifi.link_qual_max);

                printf("%d ", rel->wifi.signal_level);
                printf("%d ", abs->wifi.signal_level);
        }

        puts("");
        fflush(stdout);
}

static void term_csv_header(const char *ifname, const struct ifstat *abs,
                            uint64_t ms_interval)
{
        unsigned int cpus, i, j = 1;

        printf("# gnuplot dump (#col:description)\n");
        printf("# networking interface: %s\n", ifname);
        printf("# sampling interval (t): %lu ms\n", ms_interval);
        printf("# %d:unixtime ", j++);

        printf("%d:rx-bytes-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:rx-pkts-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:rx-drops-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:rx-errors-per-t ", j++);

        printf("%d:rx-bytes ", j++);
        printf("%d:rx-pkts ", j++);
        printf("%d:rx-drops ", j++);
        printf("%d:rx-errors ", j++);

        printf("%d:tx-bytes-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:tx-pkts-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:tx-drops-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:tx-errors-per-t ", j++);

        printf("%d:tx-bytes ", j++);
        printf("%d:tx-pkts ", j++);
        printf("%d:tx-drops ", j++);
        printf("%d:tx-errors ", j++);

        printf("%d:context-switches-per-t ", j++);
        printf("%d:mem-free ", j++);
        printf("%d:mem-used ", j++);
        printf("%d:mem-total ", j++);
        printf("%d:swap-free ", j++);
        printf("%d:swap-used ", j++);
        printf("%d:swap-total ", j++);
        printf("%d:procs-total ", j++);
        printf("%d:procs-in-run ", j++);
        printf("%d:procs-in-iow ", j++);

        cpus = get_number_cpus();

        for (i = 0; i < cpus; ++i) {
                printf("%d:cpu%i-usr-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-nice-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-sys-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-idle-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-iow-per-t ", j++, i);

                printf("%d:cpu%i-net-irqs-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-net-irqs ", j++, i);

                printf("%d:cpu%i-net-rx-soft-irqs-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-net-rx-soft-irqs ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-net-tx-soft-irqs-per-t ", j++, i);
                printf("%d:cpu%i-net-tx-soft-irqs ", j++, i);
        }

        if (iswireless(abs)) {
                printf("%d:wifi-link-qual-per-t ", j++);
                printf("%d:wifi-link-qual ", j++);
                printf("%d:wifi-link-qual-max ", j++);

                printf("%d:wifi-signal-dbm-per-t ", j++);
                printf("%d:wifi-signal-dbm ", j++);
        }

        puts("");
        printf("# data:\n");
        fflush(stdout);
}

static int term_main(const char *ifname, uint64_t ms_interval,
                     unsigned int top_cpus __maybe_unused,
                     bool suppress_warnings __maybe_unused,
                     bool omit_header)
{
        do {
                stats_sample_generic(ifname, ms_interval);

                if (!omit_header) {
                        omit_header = true;
                        term_csv_header(ifname, &stats_new, ms_interval);
                }

                term_csv(&stats_delta, &stats_new);
        } while (stats_loop && !sigint);

        return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        short ifflags = 0;
        int c, opt_index, ret, promisc = 0;
        unsigned int cpus, top_cpus = 5;
        uint64_t interval = 1000;
        char *ifname = NULL;
        bool suppress_warnings = false;
        bool omit_header = false;
        int (*func_main)(const char *ifname, uint64_t ms_interval,
                         unsigned int top_cpus, bool suppress_warnings,
                         bool omit_header);

        func_main = screen_main;

        setfsuid(getuid());
        setfsgid(getgid());

        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options, long_options,
               &opt_index)) != EOF) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'h':
                        help();
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        version();
                        break;
                case 'W':
                        suppress_warnings = true;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        ifname = xstrndup(optarg, IFNAMSIZ);
                        break;
                case 't':
                        interval = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        top_cpus = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
                        if (top_cpus < 1)
                                panic("Number of top hitter CPUs must be greater than 0");
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        stats_loop = 1;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        promisc = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        show_percentage = 1;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        show_median = 1;
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        func_main = term_main;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        omit_header = true;
                        break;
                case '?':
                        switch (optopt) {
                        case 'd':
                        case 't':
                                panic("Option -%c requires an argument!\n",
                                      optopt);
                        default:
                                if (isprint(optopt))
                                        printf("Unknown option character `0x%X\'!\n", optopt);
                                die();
                        }
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (argc == 1)
                help();

        if (argc == 2)
                ifname = xstrndup(argv[1], IFNAMSIZ);
        if (ifname == NULL)
                panic("No networking device given!\n");

        if (!strncmp("lo", ifname, IFNAMSIZ))
                panic("lo is not supported!\n");
        if (device_mtu(ifname) == 0)
                panic("This is no networking device!\n");

        register_signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
        register_signal(SIGHUP, signal_handler);

        cpus = get_number_cpus();
        top_cpus = min(top_cpus, cpus);
        if (uname(&uts) < 0)
                panic("Cannot execute uname!\n");

        stats_alloc(&stats_old, cpus);
        stats_alloc(&stats_new, cpus);
        stats_alloc(&stats_delta, cpus);

        cpu_hits = xzmalloc(cpus * sizeof(*cpu_hits));

        if (promisc)
                ifflags = device_enter_promiscuous_mode(ifname);
        ret = func_main(ifname, interval, top_cpus, suppress_warnings, omit_header);
        if (promisc)
                device_leave_promiscuous_mode(ifname, ifflags);

        stats_release(&stats_old);
        stats_release(&stats_new);
        stats_release(&stats_delta);

        xfree(ifname);
        return ret;
}