insns.pl

   1 #!/usr/bin/perl
   2 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3 ##
   4 ##   Copyright 1996-2010 The NASM Authors - All Rights Reserved
   5 ##   See the file AUTHORS included with the NASM distribution for
   6 ##   the specific copyright holders.
   7 ##
   8 ##   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9 ##   modification, are permitted provided that the following
  10 ##   conditions are met:
  11 ##
  12 ##   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  13 ##     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  14 ##   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  15 ##     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
  16 ##     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
  17 ##     with the distribution.
  18 ##
  19 ##     THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
  20 ##     CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
  21 ##     INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  22 ##     MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  23 ##     DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  24 ##     CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  25 ##     SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  26 ##     NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  27 ##     LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28 ##     HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
  29 ##     CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
  30 ##     OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
  31 ##     EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  32 ##
  33 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  34
  35 #
  36 # insns.pl
  37 #
  38 # Parse insns.dat and produce generated source code files
  39
  40 # Opcode prefixes which need their own opcode tables
  41 # LONGER PREFIXES FIRST!
  42 @disasm_prefixes = qw(0F24 0F25 0F38 0F3A 0F7A 0FA6 0FA7 0F);
  43
  44 # This should match MAX_OPERANDS from nasm.h
  45 $MAX_OPERANDS = 5;
  46
  47 # Add VEX/XOP prefixes
  48 @vex_class = ( 'vex', 'xop' );
  49 $vex_classes = scalar(@vex_class);
  50 @vexlist = ();
  51 %vexmap = ();
  52 for ($c = 0; $c < $vex_classes; $c++) {
  53     $vexmap{$vex_class[$c]} = $c;
  54     for ($m = 0; $m < 32; $m++) {
  55         for ($p = 0; $p < 4; $p++) {
  56             push(@vexlist, sprintf("%s%02X%01X", $vex_class[$c], $m, $p));
  57         }
  58     }
  59 }
  60 @disasm_prefixes = (@vexlist, @disasm_prefixes);
  61
  62 @bytecode_count = (0) x 256;
  63
  64 print STDERR "Reading insns.dat...\n";
  65
  66 @args   = ();
  67 undef $output;
  68 foreach $arg ( @ARGV ) {
  69     if ( $arg =~ /^\-/ ) {
  70         if  ( $arg =~ /^\-([abdin])$/ ) {
  71             $output = $1;
  72         } else {
  73             die "$0: Unknown option: ${arg}\n";
  74         }
  75     } else {
  76         push (@args, $arg);
  77     }
  78 }
  79
  80 $fname = "insns.dat" unless $fname = $args[0];
  81 open (F, $fname) || die "unable to open $fname";
  82
  83 %dinstables = ();
  84 @bytecode_list = ();
  85
  86 $line = 0;
  87 $insns = 0;
  88 while (<F>) {
  89     $line++;
  90     chomp;
  91     next if ( /^\s*(\;.*|)$/ );   # comments or blank lines
  92
  93     unless (/^\s*(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+|\[.*\])\s+(\S+)\s*$/) {
  94         warn "line $line does not contain four fields\n";
  95         next;
  96     }
  97     @fields = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
  98     @field_list = ([@fields, 0]);
  99
 100     if ($fields[1] =~ /\*/) {
 101         # This instruction has relaxed form(s)
 102         if ($fields[2] !~ /^\[/) {
 103             warn "line $line has an * operand but uses raw bytecodes\n";
 104             next;
 105         }
 106
 107         $opmask = 0;
 108         @ops = split(/,/, $fields[1]);
 109         for ($oi = 0; $oi < scalar @ops; $oi++) {
 110             if ($ops[$oi] =~ /\*$/) {
 111                 if ($oi == 0) {
 112                     warn "line $line has a first operand with a *\n";
 113                     next;
 114                 }
 115                 $opmask |= 1 << $oi;
 116             }
 117         }
 118
 119         for ($oi = 1; $oi < (1 << scalar @ops); $oi++) {
 120             if (($oi & ~$opmask) == 0) {
 121                 my @xops = ();
 122                 my $omask = ~$oi;
 123                 for ($oj = 0; $oj < scalar(@ops); $oj++) {
 124                     if ($omask & 1) {
 125                         push(@xops, $ops[$oj]);
 126                     }
 127                     $omask >>= 1;
 128                 }
 129                 push(@field_list, [$fields[0], join(',', @xops),
 130                      $fields[2], $fields[3], $oi]);
 131             }
 132         }
 133     }
 134
 135     foreach $fptr (@field_list) {
 136         @fields = @$fptr;
 137         ($formatted, $nd) = format_insn(@fields);
 138         if ($formatted) {
 139             $insns++;
 140             $aname = "aa_$fields[0]";
 141             push @$aname, $formatted;
 142         }
 143         if ( $fields[0] =~ /cc$/ ) {
 144             # Conditional instruction
 145             $k_opcodes_cc{$fields[0]}++;
 146         } else {
 147             # Unconditional instruction
 148             $k_opcodes{$fields[0]}++;
 149         }
 150         if ($formatted && !$nd) {
 151             push @big, $formatted;
 152             my @sseq = startseq($fields[2], $fields[4]);
 153             foreach $i (@sseq) {
 154                 if (!defined($dinstables{$i})) {
 155                     $dinstables{$i} = [];
 156                 }
 157                 push(@{$dinstables{$i}}, $#big);
 158             }
 159         }
 160     }
 161 }
 162
 163 close F;
 164
 165 #
 166 # Generate the bytecode array.  At this point, @bytecode_list contains
 167 # the full set of bytecodes.
 168 #
 169
 170 # Sort by descending length
 171 @bytecode_list = sort { scalar(@$b) <=> scalar(@$a) } @bytecode_list;
 172 @bytecode_array = ();
 173 %bytecode_pos = ();
 174 $bytecode_next = 0;
 175 foreach $bl (@bytecode_list) {
 176     my $h = hexstr(@$bl);
 177     next if (defined($bytecode_pos{$h}));
 178
 179     push(@bytecode_array, $bl);
 180     while ($h ne '') {
 181         $bytecode_pos{$h} = $bytecode_next;
 182         $h = substr($h, 2);
 183         $bytecode_next++;
 184     }
 185 }
 186 undef @bytecode_list;
 187
 188 @opcodes    = sort keys(%k_opcodes);
 189 @opcodes_cc = sort keys(%k_opcodes_cc);
 190
 191 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'b') {
 192     print STDERR "Writing insnsb.c...\n";
 193
 194     open B, ">insnsb.c";
 195
 196     print B "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 197         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 198
 199     print B "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 200     print B "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 201
 202     print B "const uint8_t nasm_bytecodes[$bytecode_next] = {\n";
 203
 204     $p = 0;
 205     foreach $bl (@bytecode_array) {
 206         printf B "    /* %5d */ ", $p;
 207         foreach $d (@$bl) {
 208             printf B "%#o,", $d;
 209             $p++;
 210         }
 211         printf B "\n";
 212     }
 213     print B "};\n";
 214
 215     print B "\n";
 216     print B "/*\n";
 217     print B " * Bytecode frequencies (including reuse):\n";
 218     print B " *\n";
 219     for ($i = 0; $i < 32; $i++) {
 220         print B " *";
 221         for ($j = 0; $j < 256; $j += 32) {
 222             print B " |" if ($j);
 223             printf B " %3o:%4d", $i+$j, $bytecode_count[$i+$j];
 224         }
 225         print B "\n";
 226     }
 227     print B " */\n";
 228
 229     close B;
 230 }
 231
 232 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'a' ) {
 233     print STDERR "Writing insnsa.c...\n";
 234
 235     open A, ">insnsa.c";
 236
 237     print A "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 238         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 239
 240     print A "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 241     print A "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 242
 243     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 244         print A "static const struct itemplate instrux_${i}[] = {\n";
 245         $aname = "aa_$i";
 246         foreach $j (@$aname) {
 247             print A "    ", codesubst($j), "\n";
 248         }
 249         print A "    ITEMPLATE_END\n};\n\n";
 250     }
 251     print A "const struct itemplate * const nasm_instructions[] = {\n";
 252     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 253         print A "    instrux_${i},\n";
 254     }
 255     print A "};\n";
 256
 257     close A;
 258 }
 259
 260 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'd' ) {
 261     print STDERR "Writing insnsd.c...\n";
 262
 263     open D, ">insnsd.c";
 264
 265     print D "/* This file auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 266         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 267
 268     print D "#include \"nasm.h\"\n";
 269     print D "#include \"insns.h\"\n\n";
 270
 271     print D "static const struct itemplate instrux[] = {\n";
 272     $n = 0;
 273     foreach $j (@big) {
 274         printf D "    /* %4d */ %s\n", $n++, codesubst($j);
 275     }
 276     print D "};\n";
 277
 278     foreach $h (sort(keys(%dinstables))) {
 279         next if ($h eq ''); # Skip pseudo-instructions
 280             print D "\nstatic const struct itemplate * const itable_${h}[] = {\n";
 281         foreach $j (@{$dinstables{$h}}) {
 282             print D "    instrux + $j,\n";
 283         }
 284         print D "};\n";
 285     }
 286
 287     @prefix_list = ();
 288     foreach $h (@disasm_prefixes, '') {
 289         for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
 290             $nn = sprintf("%s%02X", $h, $c);
 291             if ($is_prefix{$nn} || defined($dinstables{$nn})) {
 292                 # At least one entry in this prefix table
 293                 push(@prefix_list, $h);
 294                 $is_prefix{$h} = 1;
 295                 last;
 296             }
 297         }
 298     }
 299
 300     foreach $h (@prefix_list) {
 301         print D "\n";
 302         print D "static " unless ($h eq '');
 303         print D "const struct disasm_index ";
 304         print D ($h eq '') ? 'itable' : "itable_$h";
 305         print D "[256] = {\n";
 306         for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
 307             $nn = sprintf("%s%02X", $h, $c);
 308             if ($is_prefix{$nn}) {
 309                 die "$fname: ambiguous decoding of $nn\n"
 310                     if (defined($dinstables{$nn}));
 311                 printf D "    /* 0x%02x */ { itable_%s, -1 },\n", $c, $nn;
 312             } elsif (defined($dinstables{$nn})) {
 313                 printf D "    /* 0x%02x */ { itable_%s, %u },\n", $c,
 314                        $nn, scalar(@{$dinstables{$nn}});
 315             } else {
 316                 printf D "    /* 0x%02x */ { NULL, 0 },\n", $c;
 317             }
 318         }
 319         print D "};\n";
 320     }
 321
 322     printf D "\nconst struct disasm_index * const itable_vex[%d][32][4] =\n",
 323         $vex_classes;
 324     print D "{\n";
 325     for ($c = 0; $c < $vex_classes; $c++) {
 326         print D "    {\n";
 327         for ($m = 0; $m < 32; $m++) {
 328             print D "        { ";
 329             for ($p = 0; $p < 4; $p++) {
 330                 $vp = sprintf("%s%02X%01X", $vex_class[$c], $m, $p);
 331                 printf D "%-15s",
 332                        ($is_prefix{$vp} ? sprintf("itable_%s,", $vp) : 'NULL,');
 333             }
 334             print D "},\n";
 335         }
 336         print D "    },\n";
 337     }
 338     print D "};\n";
 339
 340     close D;
 341 }
 342
 343 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'i' ) {
 344     print STDERR "Writing insnsi.h...\n";
 345
 346     open I, ">insnsi.h";
 347
 348     print I "/* This file is auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 349         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 350     print I "/* This file in included by nasm.h */\n\n";
 351
 352     print I "/* Instruction names */\n\n";
 353     print I "#ifndef NASM_INSNSI_H\n";
 354     print I "#define NASM_INSNSI_H 1\n\n";
 355     print I "enum opcode {\n";
 356     $maxlen = 0;
 357     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 358         print I "\tI_${i},\n";
 359         $len = length($i);
 360         $len++ if ( $i =~ /cc$/ ); # Condition codes can be 3 characters long
 361         $maxlen = $len if ( $len > $maxlen );
 362     }
 363     print I "\tI_none = -1\n";
 364     print I "};\n\n";
 365     print I "#define MAX_INSLEN ", $maxlen, "\n";
 366     print I "#define FIRST_COND_OPCODE I_", $opcodes_cc[0], "\n\n";
 367     print I "#endif /* NASM_INSNSI_H */\n";
 368
 369     close I;
 370 }
 371
 372 if ( !defined($output) || $output eq 'n' ) {
 373     print STDERR "Writing insnsn.c...\n";
 374
 375     open N, ">insnsn.c";
 376
 377     print N "/* This file is auto-generated from insns.dat by insns.pl" .
 378         " - don't edit it */\n\n";
 379     print N "#include \"tables.h\"\n\n";
 380
 381     print N "const char * const nasm_insn_names[] = {";
 382     $first = 1;
 383     foreach $i (@opcodes, @opcodes_cc) {
 384         print N "," if ( !$first );
 385         $first = 0;
 386         $ilower = $i;
 387         $ilower =~ s/cc$//;             # Remove conditional cc suffix
 388         $ilower =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;         # Change to lower case (Perl 4 compatible)
 389         print N "\n\t\"${ilower}\"";
 390     }
 391     print N "\n};\n";
 392     close N;
 393 }
 394
 395 printf STDERR "Done: %d instructions\n", $insns;
 396
 397 # Count primary bytecodes, for statistics
 398 sub count_bytecodes(@) {
 399     my $skip = 0;
 400     foreach my $bc (@_) {
 401         if ($skip) {
 402             $skip--;
 403             next;
 404         }
 405         $bytecode_count[$bc]++;
 406         if ($bc >= 01 && $bc <= 04) {
 407             $skip = $bc;
 408         } elsif (($bc & ~03) == 010) {
 409             $skip = 1;
 410         } elsif (($bc & ~013) == 0144) {
 411             $skip = 1;
 412         } elsif ($bc == 0172 || $bc == 0173) {
 413             $skip = 1;
 414         } elsif ($bc >= 0260 && $bc <= 0270) {
 415             $skip = 2;
 416         } elsif ($bc == 0330) {
 417             $skip = 1;
 418         }
 419     }
 420 }
 421
 422 sub format_insn($$$$$) {
 423     my ($opcode, $operands, $codes, $flags, $relax) = @_;
 424     my $num, $nd = 0;
 425     my @bytecode;
 426     my $op, @ops, $opp, @opx, @oppx;
 427
 428     return (undef, undef) if $operands eq "ignore";
 429
 430     # format the operands
 431     $operands =~ s/\*//g;
 432     $operands =~ s/:/|colon,/g;
 433     @ops = ();
 434     if ($operands ne 'void') {
 435         foreach $op (split(/,/, $operands)) {
 436             if ($op =~ /^\=([0-9]+)$/) {
 437                 $op = "same_as|$1";
 438             } else {
 439                 @opx = ();
 440                 foreach $opp (split(/\|/, $op)) {
 441                     @oppx = ();
 442                     if ($opp =~ /^(.*[^\d])(8|16|32|64|80|128|256)$/) {
 443                         my $ox = $1;
 444                         my $on = $2;
 445                         if ($ox !~ /^(sbyte|sdword|udword)$/) {
 446                             $opp = $ox;
 447                             push(@oppx, "bits$on");
 448                         }
 449                     }
 450                     $opp =~ s/^mem$/memory/;
 451                     $opp =~ s/^memory_offs$/mem_offs/;
 452                     $opp =~ s/^imm$/immediate/;
 453                     $opp =~ s/^([a-z]+)rm$/rm_$1/;
 454                     $opp =~ s/^rm$/rm_gpr/;
 455                     $opp =~ s/^reg$/reg_gpr/;
 456                     push(@opx, $opp, @oppx);
 457                 }
 458                 $op = join('|', @opx);
 459             }
 460             push(@ops, $op);
 461         }
 462     }
 463
 464     $num = scalar(@ops);
 465     while (scalar(@ops) < $MAX_OPERANDS) {
 466         push(@ops, '0');
 467     }
 468     $operands = join(',', @ops);
 469     $operands =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;
 470
 471     # format the flags
 472     $flags =~ s/,/|IF_/g;
 473     $flags =~ s/(\|IF_ND|IF_ND\|)//, $nd = 1 if $flags =~ /IF_ND/;
 474     $flags = "IF_" . $flags;
 475
 476     @bytecode = (decodify($codes, $relax), 0);
 477     push(@bytecode_list, [@bytecode]);
 478     $codes = hexstr(@bytecode);
 479     count_bytecodes(@bytecode);
 480
 481     ("{I_$opcode, $num, {$operands}, \@\@CODES-$codes\@\@, $flags},", $nd);
 482 }
 483
 484 #
 485 # Look for @@CODES-xxx@@ sequences and replace them with the appropriate
 486 # offset into nasm_bytecodes
 487 #
 488 sub codesubst($) {
 489     my($s) = @_;
 490     my $n;
 491
 492     while ($s =~ /\@\@CODES-([0-9A-F]+)\@\@/) {
 493         my $pos = $bytecode_pos{$1};
 494         if (!defined($pos)) {
 495             die "$fname: no position assigned to byte code $1\n";
 496         }
 497         $s = $` . "nasm_bytecodes+${pos}" . "$'";
 498     }
 499     return $s;
 500 }
 501
 502 sub addprefix ($@) {
 503     my ($prefix, @list) = @_;
 504     my $x;
 505     my @l = ();
 506
 507     foreach $x (@list) {
 508         push(@l, sprintf("%s%02X", $prefix, $x));
 509     }
 510
 511     return @l;
 512 }
 513
 514 #
 515 # Turn a code string into a sequence of bytes
 516 #
 517 sub decodify($$) {
 518   # Although these are C-syntax strings, by convention they should have
 519   # only octal escapes (for directives) and hexadecimal escapes
 520   # (for verbatim bytes)
 521     my($codestr, $relax) = @_;
 522
 523     if ($codestr =~ /^\s*\[([^\]]*)\]\s*$/) {
 524         return byte_code_compile($1, $relax);
 525     }
 526
 527     my $c = $codestr;
 528     my @codes = ();
 529
 530     while ($c ne '') {
 531         if ($c =~ /^\\x([0-9a-f]+)(.*)$/i) {
 532             push(@codes, hex $1);
 533             $c = $2;
 534             next;
 535         } elsif ($c =~ /^\\([0-7]{1,3})(.*)$/) {
 536             push(@codes, oct $1);
 537             $c = $2;
 538             next;
 539         } else {
 540             die "$fname: unknown code format in \"$codestr\"\n";
 541         }
 542     }
 543
 544     return @codes;
 545 }
 546
 547 # Turn a numeric list into a hex string
 548 sub hexstr(@) {
 549     my $s = '';
 550     my $c;
 551
 552     foreach $c (@_) {
 553         $s .= sprintf("%02X", $c);
 554     }
 555     return $s;
 556 }
 557
 558 # Here we determine the range of possible starting bytes for a given
 559 # instruction. We need only consider the codes:
 560 # \[1234]      mean literal bytes, of course
 561 # \1[0123]     mean byte plus register value
 562 # \330         means byte plus condition code
 563 # \0 or \340   mean give up and return empty set
 564 # \34[4567]    mean PUSH/POP of segment registers: special case
 565 # \17[234]     skip is4 control byte
 566 # \26x \270    skip VEX control bytes
 567 sub startseq($$) {
 568     my ($codestr, $relax) = @_;
 569     my $word, @range;
 570     my @codes = ();
 571     my $c = $codestr;
 572     my $c0, $c1, $i;
 573     my $prefix = '';
 574
 575     @codes = decodify($codestr, $relax);
 576
 577     while ($c0 = shift(@codes)) {
 578         $c1 = $codes[0];
 579         if ($c0 >= 01 && $c0 <= 04) {
 580             # Fixed byte string
 581             my $fbs = $prefix;
 582             while (1) {
 583                 if ($c0 >= 01 && $c0 <= 04) {
 584                     while ($c0--) {
 585                         $fbs .= sprintf("%02X", shift(@codes));
 586                     }
 587                 } else {
 588                     last;
 589                 }
 590                 $c0 = shift(@codes);
 591             }
 592
 593             foreach $pfx (@disasm_prefixes) {
 594                 if (substr($fbs, 0, length($pfx)) eq $pfx) {
 595                     $prefix = $pfx;
 596                     $fbs = substr($fbs, length($pfx));
 597                     last;
 598                 }
 599             }
 600
 601             if ($fbs ne '') {
 602                 return ($prefix.substr($fbs,0,2));
 603             }
 604
 605             unshift(@codes, $c0);
 606         } elsif ($c0 >= 010 && $c0 <= 013) {
 607             return addprefix($prefix, $c1..($c1+7));
 608         } elsif (($c0 & ~013) == 0144) {
 609             return addprefix($prefix, $c1, $c1|2);
 610         } elsif ($c0 == 0330) {
 611             return addprefix($prefix, $c1..($c1+15));
 612         } elsif ($c0 == 0 || $c0 == 0340) {
 613             return $prefix;
 614         } elsif ($c0 == 0344) {
 615             return addprefix($prefix, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x16, 0x1E);
 616         } elsif ($c0 == 0345) {
 617             return addprefix($prefix, 0x07, 0x17, 0x1F);
 618         } elsif ($c0 == 0346) {
 619             return addprefix($prefix, 0xA0, 0xA8);
 620         } elsif ($c0 == 0347) {
 621             return addprefix($prefix, 0xA1, 0xA9);
 622         } elsif (($c0 & ~3) == 0260 || $c0 == 0270) {
 623             my $c,$m,$wlp;
 624             $m   = shift(@codes);
 625             $wlp = shift(@codes);
 626             $c = ($m >> 6);
 627             $m = $m & 31;
 628             $prefix .= sprintf('%s%02X%01X', $vex_class[$c], $m, $wlp & 3);
 629         } elsif ($c0 >= 0172 && $c0 <= 173) {
 630             shift(@codes);      # Skip is4 control byte
 631         } else {
 632             # We really need to be able to distinguish "forbidden"
 633             # and "ignorable" codes here
 634         }
 635     }
 636     return $prefix;
 637 }
 638
 639 #
 640 # This function takes a series of byte codes in a format which is more
 641 # typical of the Intel documentation, and encode it.
 642 #
 643 # The format looks like:
 644 #
 645 # [operands: opcodes]
 646 #
 647 # The operands word lists the order of the operands:
 648 #
 649 # r = register field in the modr/m
 650 # m = modr/m
 651 # v = VEX "v" field
 652 # i = immediate
 653 # s = register field of is4/imz2 field
 654 # - = implicit (unencoded) operand
 655 #
 656 # For an operand that should be filled into more than one field,
 657 # enter it as e.g. "r+v".
 658 #
 659 sub byte_code_compile($$) {
 660     my($str, $relax) = @_;
 661     my $opr;
 662     my $opc;
 663     my @codes = ();
 664     my $litix = undef;
 665     my %oppos = ();
 666     my $i;
 667     my $op, $oq;
 668     my $opex;
 669
 670     my %imm_codes = (
 671         'ib,s' => 014,  # Signed imm8
 672         'ib' => 020,    # imm8
 673         'ib,u' => 024,  # Unsigned imm8
 674         'iw' => 030,    # imm16
 675         'ibx' => 0274,  # imm8 sign-extended to opsize
 676         'iwd' => 034,   # imm16 or imm32, depending on opsize
 677         'id' => 040,    # imm32
 678         'idx' => 0254,  # imm32 extended to 64 bits
 679         'iwdq' => 044,  # imm16/32/64, depending on opsize
 680         'rel8' => 050,
 681         'iq' => 054,
 682         'rel16' => 060,
 683         'rel' => 064,   # 16 or 32 bit relative operand
 684         'rel32' => 070,
 685         'seg' => 074,
 686         'ibw' => 0140,  # imm16 that can be bytified
 687         'ibd' => 0150,  # imm32 that can be bytified
 688         'ibd,s' => 0250 # imm32 that can be bytified, sign extended to 64 bits
 689     );
 690     my %imm_codes_bytifiers = (
 691         'ibw' => 0144,
 692         'ibd' => 0154,
 693         'ibd,s' => 0154
 694     );
 695
 696     unless ($str =~ /^(([^\s:]*)\:|)\s*(.*\S)\s*$/) {
 697         die "$fname: $line: cannot parse: [$str]\n";
 698     }
 699     $opr = "\L$2";
 700     $opc = "\L$3";
 701
 702     my $op = 0;
 703     for ($i = 0; $i < length($opr); $i++) {
 704         my $c = substr($opr,$i,1);
 705         if ($c eq '+') {
 706             $op--;
 707         } else {
 708             if ($relax & 1) {
 709                 $op--;
 710             }
 711             $relax >>= 1;
 712             $oppos{$c} = $op++;
 713         }
 714     }
 715
 716     my $last_imm = 'h';
 717     my $prefix_ok = 1;
 718     foreach $op (split(/\s*(?:\s|(?=[\/\\]))/, $opc)) {
 719         if ($op eq 'o16') {
 720             push(@codes, 0320);
 721         } elsif ($op eq 'o32') {
 722             push(@codes, 0321);
 723         } elsif ($op eq 'odf') { # Operand size is default
 724             push(@codes, 0322);
 725         } elsif ($op eq 'o64') {  # 64-bit operand size requiring REX.W
 726             push(@codes, 0324);
 727         } elsif ($op eq 'o64nw') { # Implied 64-bit operand size (no REX.W)
 728             push(@codes, 0323);
 729         } elsif ($op eq 'a16') {
 730             push(@codes, 0310);
 731         } elsif ($op eq 'a32') {
 732             push(@codes, 0311);
 733         } elsif ($op eq 'a64') {
 734             push(@codes, 0313);
 735         } elsif ($op eq '!osp') {
 736             push(@codes, 0364);
 737         } elsif ($op eq '!asp') {
 738             push(@codes, 0365);
 739         } elsif ($op eq 'rex.l') {
 740             push(@codes, 0334);
 741         } elsif ($op eq 'repe') {
 742             push(@codes, 0335);
 743         } elsif ($op eq 'nohi') { # Use spl/bpl/sil/dil even without REX
 744             push(@codes, 0325);
 745         } elsif ($op eq 'vsibx' || $op eq 'vm32x' || $op eq 'vm64x') {
 746             # This instruction takes XMM VSIB
 747             push(@codes, 0374);
 748         } elsif ($op eq 'vsiby' || $op eq 'vm32y' || $op eq 'vm64y') {
 749             push(@codes, 0375);
 750         } elsif ($prefix_ok && $op =~ /^(66|f2|f3|np)$/) {
 751             # 66/F2/F3 prefix used as an opcode extension, or np = no prefix
 752             if ($op eq '66') {
 753                 push(@codes, 0361);
 754             } elsif ($op eq 'f2') {
 755                 push(@codes, 0362);
 756             } elsif ($op eq 'f3') {
 757                 push(@codes, 0363);
 758             } else {
 759                 push(@codes, 0360);
 760             }
 761         } elsif ($op =~ /^[0-9a-f]{2}$/) {
 762             if (defined($litix) && $litix+$codes[$litix]+1 == scalar @codes &&
 763                 $codes[$litix] < 4) {
 764                 $codes[$litix]++;
 765                 push(@codes, hex $op);
 766             } else {
 767                 $litix = scalar(@codes);
 768                 push(@codes, 01, hex $op);
 769             }
 770             $prefix_ok = 0;
 771         } elsif ($op eq '/r') {
 772             if (!defined($oppos{'r'}) || !defined($oppos{'m'})) {
 773                 die "$fname: $line: $op requires r and m operands\n";
 774             }
 775             $opex = (($oppos{'m'} & 4) ? 06 : 0) |
 776                 (($oppos{'r'} & 4) ? 05 : 0);
 777             push(@codes, $opex) if ($opex);
 778             push(@codes, 0100 + (($oppos{'m'} & 3) << 3) + ($oppos{'r'} & 3));
 779             $prefix_ok = 0;
 780         } elsif ($op =~ m:^/([0-7])$:) {
 781             if (!defined($oppos{'m'})) {
 782                 die "$fname: $line: $op requires m operand\n";
 783             }
 784             push(@codes, 06) if ($oppos{'m'} & 4);
 785             push(@codes, 0200 + (($oppos{'m'} & 3) << 3) + $1);
 786             $prefix_ok = 0;
 787         } elsif ($op =~ /^(vex|xop)(|\..*)$/) {
 788             my $c = $vexmap{$1};
 789             my ($m,$w,$l,$p) = (undef,2,undef,0);
 790             my $has_nds = 0;
 791             my @subops = split(/\./, $op);
 792             shift @subops;      # Drop prefix
 793                 foreach $oq (@subops) {
 794                     if ($oq eq '128' || $oq eq 'l0' || $oq eq 'lz') {
 795                         $l = 0;
 796                     } elsif ($oq eq '256' || $oq eq 'l1') {
 797                         $l = 1;
 798                     } elsif ($oq eq 'lig') {
 799                         $l = 2;
 800                     } elsif ($oq eq 'w0') {
 801                         $w = 0;
 802                     } elsif ($oq eq 'w1') {
 803                         $w = 1;
 804                     } elsif ($oq eq 'wig') {
 805                         $w = 2;
 806                     } elsif ($oq eq 'ww') {
 807                         $w = 3;
 808                     } elsif ($oq eq 'p0') {
 809                         $p = 0;
 810                     } elsif ($oq eq '66' || $oq eq 'p1') {
 811                         $p = 1;
 812                     } elsif ($oq eq 'f3' || $oq eq 'p2') {
 813                         $p = 2;
 814                     } elsif ($oq eq 'f2' || $oq eq 'p3') {
 815                         $p = 3;
 816                     } elsif ($oq eq '0f') {
 817                         $m = 1;
 818                     } elsif ($oq eq '0f38') {
 819                         $m = 2;
 820                     } elsif ($oq eq '0f3a') {
 821                         $m = 3;
 822                     } elsif ($oq =~ /^m([0-9]+)$/) {
 823                         $m = $1+0;
 824                     } elsif ($oq eq 'nds' || $oq eq 'ndd' || $oq eq 'dds') {
 825                         if (!defined($oppos{'v'})) {
 826                             die "$fname: $line: vex.$oq without 'v' operand\n";
 827                         }
 828                         $has_nds = 1;
 829                     } else {
 830                         die "$fname: $line: undefined VEX subcode: $oq\n";
 831                     }
 832                 }
 833             if (!defined($m) || !defined($w) || !defined($l) || !defined($p)) {
 834                 die "$fname: $line: missing fields in VEX specification\n";
 835             }
 836             if (defined($oppos{'v'}) && !$has_nds) {
 837                 die "$fname: $line: 'v' operand without vex.nds or vex.ndd\n";
 838             }
 839             push(@codes, defined($oppos{'v'}) ? 0260+($oppos{'v'} & 3) : 0270,
 840                  ($c << 6)+$m, ($w << 4)+($l << 2)+$p);
 841             $prefix_ok = 0;
 842         } elsif (defined $imm_codes{$op}) {
 843             if ($op eq 'seg') {
 844                 if ($last_imm lt 'i') {
 845                     die "$fname: $line: seg without an immediate operand\n";
 846                 }
 847             } else {
 848                 $last_imm++;
 849                 if ($last_imm gt 'j') {
 850                     die "$fname: $line: too many immediate operands\n";
 851                 }
 852             }
 853             if (!defined($oppos{$last_imm})) {
 854                 die "$fname: $line: $op without '$last_imm' operand\n";
 855             }
 856             push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{$last_imm} & 4);
 857             push(@codes, $imm_codes{$op} + ($oppos{$last_imm} & 3));
 858             if (defined $imm_codes_bytifiers{$op}) {
 859                 if (!defined($s_pos)) {
 860                     die "$fname: $line: $op without a +s byte\n";
 861                 }
 862                 $codes[$s_pos] += $imm_codes_bytifiers{$op};
 863             }
 864             $prefix_ok = 0;
 865         } elsif ($op eq '/is4') {
 866             if (!defined($oppos{'s'})) {
 867                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 's' operand\n";
 868             }
 869             if (defined($oppos{'i'})) {
 870                 push(@codes, 0172, ($oppos{'s'} << 3)+$oppos{'i'});
 871             } else {
 872                 push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'s'} & 4);
 873                 push(@codes, 0174+($oppos{'s'} & 3));
 874             }
 875             $prefix_ok = 0;
 876         } elsif ($op =~ /^\/is4\=([0-9]+)$/) {
 877             my $imm = $1;
 878             if (!defined($oppos{'s'})) {
 879                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 's' operand\n";
 880             }
 881             if ($imm < 0 || $imm > 15) {
 882                 die "$fname: $line: invalid imm4 value for $op: $imm\n";
 883             }
 884             push(@codes, 0173, ($oppos{'s'} << 4) + $imm);
 885             $prefix_ok = 0;
 886         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+s$/) {
 887             if (!defined($oppos{'i'})) {
 888                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 'i' operand\n";
 889             }
 890             $s_pos = scalar @codes;
 891             push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'i'} & 4);
 892             push(@codes, $oppos{'i'} & 3, hex $1);
 893             $prefix_ok = 0;
 894         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+c$/) {
 895             push(@codes, 0330, hex $1);
 896             $prefix_ok = 0;
 897         } elsif ($op =~ /^([0-9a-f]{2})\+r$/) {
 898             if (!defined($oppos{'r'})) {
 899                 die "$fname: $line: $op without 'r' operand\n";
 900             }
 901             push(@codes, 05) if ($oppos{'r'} & 4);
 902             push(@codes, 010 + ($oppos{'r'} & 3), hex $1);
 903             $prefix_ok = 0;
 904         } elsif ($op =~ /^\\([0-7]+|x[0-9a-f]{2})$/) {
 905             # Escape to enter literal bytecodes
 906             push(@codes, oct $1);
 907         } else {
 908             die "$fname: $line: unknown operation: $op\n";
 909         }
 910     }
 911
 912     return @codes;
 913 }