3 * Add support for Intel AVX, CLMUL and FMA instructions,
4 including YMM registers.
5 * "dy", "resy" and "yword" for 32-byte operands.
6 * Fix some SSE5 instructions.
7 * Intel INVEPT, INVVPID and MOVBE instructions.
8 * Fix checking for critical expressions when the optimizer is enabled.
9 * Support the DWARF debugging format for ELF targets.
10 * Fix optimizations of signed bytes.
11 * Fix operation on bigendian machines.
12 * Fix buffer overflow in the preprocessor.
13 * SAFESEH support for Win32, IMAGEREL for Win64 (SEH).
14 * %? and %?? to refer to the name of a macro itself. In particular,
15 "%idefine keyword $%?" can be used to make a keyword "disappear".
16 * New options for dependency generation: -MD, -MF, -MP, -MT, -MQ.
20 * Additional fixes for MMX operands with explicit "qword", as well as
21 (hopefully) SSE operands with "oword".
22 * Fix handling of truncated strings with DO.
23 * Fix segfaults due to memory overwrites when floating-point constants
25 * Fix segfaults due to missing include files.
26 * Fix OpenWatcom Makefiles for DOS and OS/2.
27 * Add autogenerated instruction list back into the documentation.
28 * ELF: Fix segfault when generating stabs, and no symbols have been
30 * ELF: Experimental support for DWARF debugging information.
31 * New compile date and time standard macros.
32 * %ifnum now returns true for negative numbers.
33 * New %iftoken test for a single token.
34 * New %ifempty test for empty expansion.
35 * Add support for the XSAVE instruction group.
36 * Makefile for Netware/gcc.
37 * Fix issue with some warnings getting emitted way too many times.
38 * Autogenerated instruction list added to the documentation.
42 * Fix the handling of MMX registers with explicit "qword" tags on
43 memory (broken in 2.00 due to 64-bit changes.)
44 * Fix the PREFETCH instructions.
45 * Fix the documentation.
46 * Fix debugging info when using "-f elf" (backwards alias for "-f
48 * Man pages for rdoff tools (from the Debian project.)
49 * ELF: handle large numbers of sections.
50 * Fix corrupt output when the optimizer runs out of passes.
54 * Added c99 data-type compliance.
55 * Added general x86-64 support.
56 * Added win64 (x86-64 COFF) output format.
57 * Added __BITS__ standard macro.
58 * Renamed the elf output format to elf32 for clarity.
59 * Added elf64 and macho (MacOS X) output formats.
60 * Added Numeric constants in DQ directive.
61 * Added oword, do and reso pseudo operands.
62 * Allow underscores in numbers.
63 * Added 8-, 16- and 128-bit floating-point formats.
64 * Added binary, octal and hexadecimal floating-point.
65 * Correct the generation of floating-point constants.
66 * Added Floating-point option control.
67 * Added Infinity and NaN floating point support.
68 * Added ELF Symbol Visibility support.
69 * Added Setting OSABI value in ELF header directive.
70 * Added Generate Makefile Dependencies option.
71 * Added Unlimited Optimization Passes option.
72 * Added %IFN and %ELIFN support.
73 * Added Logical Negation Operator.
74 * Enhanced Stack Relative Preprocessor Directives.
75 * Enhanced ELF Debug Formats.
76 * Enhanced Send Errors to a File option.
77 * Added SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, SSE5 support.
78 * Added a large number of additional instructions.
79 * Significant performance improvements.
84 * fix outas86's .bss handling
85 * "make spotless" no longer deletes config.h.in.
86 * %(el)if(n)idn insensitivity to string quotes difference (#809300).
87 * (nasm.c) __OUTPUT_FORMAT__ changed to string value instead of symbol.
91 * Add Makefile for 16-bit DOS binaries under OpenWatcom, and modify
92 mkdep.pl to be able to generate completely pathless dependencies, as
93 required by OpenWatcom wmake (it supports path searches, but not
95 * Fix the STR instruction.
96 * Fix the ELF output format, which was broken under certain
97 circumstances due to the addition of stabs support.
98 * Quick-fix Borland format debug-info for -f obj
99 * Fix for %rep with no arguments (#560568)
100 * Fix concatenation of preprocessor function call (#794686)
101 * Fix long label causes coredump (#677841)
102 * Use autoheader as well as autoconf to keep configure from generating
103 ridiculously long command lines.
104 * Make sure that all of the formats which support debugging output
105 actually will suppress debugging output when -g not specified.
109 * Paths given in "-I" switch searched for "incbin"ed as
110 well as "%include"ed files.
111 * Added stabs debugging for the ELF output format, patch from
113 * Fix output/outbin.c to allow origin > 80000000h.
114 * Make -U switch work.
115 * Fix the use of relative offsets with explicit prefixes, e.g. "a32 loop foo".
116 * Remove "backslash()".
117 * Fix the SMSW and SLDT instructions.
118 * -O2 and -O3 are no longer aliases for -O10 and -O15. If you mean the
119 latter, please say so! :)
123 * Update rdoff - librarian/archiver - common rec - docs!
124 * Fix signed/unsigned problems.
125 * Fix JMP FAR label and CALL FAR label.
126 * Add new multisection support - map files - fix align bug
127 * Fix sysexit, movhps/movlps reg,reg bugs in insns.dat
128 * "Q" or "O" suffixes indicate octal
129 * Support Prescott new instructions (PNI).
130 * Cyrix XSTORE instruction.
134 * Fix build failure on 16-bit DOS (Makefile.bc3 workaround for compiler bug.)
135 * Fix dependencies and compiler warnings.
136 * Add "const" in a number of places.
137 * Add -X option to specify error reporting format (use -Xvc to
138 integrate with Microsoft Visual Studio.)
139 * Minor changes for code legibility.
140 * Drop use of tmpnam() in rdoff (security fix.)
144 * Correct additional address-size vs. operand-size confusions.
145 * Generate dependencies for all Makefiles automatically.
146 * Add support for unimplemented (but theoretically available)
147 registers such as tr0 and cr5. Segment registers 6 and 7 are called
148 segr6 and segr7 for the operations which they can be represented.
149 * Correct some disassembler bugs related to redundant address-size prefixes.
150 Some work still remains in this area.
151 * Correctly generate an error for things like "SEG eax".
152 * Add the JMPE instruction, enabled by "CPU IA64".
153 * Correct compilation on newer gcc/glibc platforms.
154 * Issue an error on things like "jmp far eax".
160 * New __NASM_PATCHLEVEL__ and __NASM_VERSION_ID__ standard macros to
161 round out the version-query macros. version.pl now understands
162 X.YYplWW or X.YY.ZZplWW as a version number, equivalent to
163 X.YY.ZZ.WW (or X.YY.0.WW, as appropriate).
164 * New keyword "strict" to disable the optimization of specific
166 * Fix the handing of size overrides with JMP instructions
167 (instructions such as "jmp dword foo".)
168 * Fix the handling of "ABSOLUTE label", where "label" points into a
170 * Fix OBJ output format with lots of externs.
171 * More documentation updates.
172 * Add -Ov option to get verbose information about optimizations.
173 * Undo a braindead change which broke %elif directives.
180 * Fix NASM crashing when %macro directives were left unterminated.
181 * Lots of documentation updates.
182 * Complete rewrite of the PostScript/PDF documentation generator.
183 * The MS Visual C++ Makefile was updated and corrected.
184 * Recognize .rodata as a standard section name in ELF.
185 * Fix some obsolete Perl4-isms in Perl scripts.
186 * Fix configure.in to work with autoconf 2.5x.
187 * Fix a couple of "make cleaner" misses.
188 * Make the normal "./configure && make" work with Cygwin.
194 * Correctly build in a separate object directory again.
195 * Derive all references to the version number from the version file.
196 * New standard macros __NASM_SUBMINOR__ and __NASM_VER__ macros.
197 * Lots of Makefile updates and bug fixes.
198 * New %ifmacro directive to test for multiline macros.
199 * Documentation updates.
200 * Fixes for 16-bit OBJ format output.
201 * Changed the NASM environment variable to NASMENV.
207 * Changed doc files a lot: completely removed old READMExx and
208 Wishlist files, incorporating all information in CHANGES and TODO.
209 * I waited a long time to rename zoutieee.c to (original) outieee.c
210 * moved all output modules to output/ subdirectory.
211 * Added 'make strip' target to strip debug info from nasm & ndisasm.
212 * Added INSTALL file with installation instructions.
213 * Added -v option description to nasm man.
214 * Added dist makefile target to produce source distributions.
215 * 16-bit support for ELF output format (GNU extension, but useful.)
221 * Fastcooked this for Debian's Woody release:
222 Frank applied the INCBIN bug patch to 0.98.25alt and called
223 it 0.98.28 to not confuse poor little apt-get.
229 * Reorganised files even better from 0.98.25alt
235 * Prettified the source tree. Moved files to more reasonable places.
236 * Added findleak.pl script to misc/ directory.
237 * Attempted to fix doc.
242 * Line continuation character '\'
243 * Docs inadvertantly reverted - "dos packaging".
249 * FIXME: Someone, document this please.
255 * Documentation - Ndisasm doc added to Nasm.doc.
261 * Attempted to remove rdoff version1
262 * Lino Mastrodomenico's patches to preproc.c (%$$ bug?).
268 * Update rdoff2 - attempt to remove v1.
274 * Optimization fixes.
280 * Optimization fixes.
286 * H. J. Lu's patch back out.
292 * Added ".rdata" to "-f win32".
298 * H. J. Lu's "bogus elf" patch. (Red Hat problem?)
304 * Fix whitespace before "[section ..." bug.
310 * Fix fixes to memory leaks.
316 * (there was no '.13)
321 * Update optimization (new function of "-O1")
322 * Changes to test/bintest.asm (?).
327 * Optimization changes.
329 * (there was no '.10)
334 * Add multiple sections support to "-f bin".
335 * Changed GLOBAL_TEMP_BASE in outelf.c from 6 to 15.
336 * Add "-v" as an alias to the "-r" switch.
337 * Remove "#ifdef" from Tasm compatibility options.
338 * Remove redundant size-overrides on "mov ds, ex", etc.
339 * Fixes to SSE2, other insns.dat (?).
340 * Enable uppercase "I" and "P" switches.
341 * Case insinsitive "seg" and "wrt".
342 * Update install.sh (?).
343 * Allocate tokens in blocks.
344 * Improve "invalid effective address" messages.
349 * Add "%strlen" and "%substr" macro operators
350 * Fixed broken c16.mac.
351 * Unterminated string error reported.
352 * Fixed bugs as per 0.98bf
355 0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001
356 -------------------------------------------------------
358 Changes from 0.98.07 release to 98.09b as of 28-Oct-2001
360 * More closely compatible with 0.98 when -O0 is implied
361 or specified. Not strictly identical, since backward
362 branches in range of short offsets are recognized, and signed
363 byte values with no explicit size specification will be
364 assembled as a single byte.
366 * More forgiving with the PUSH instruction. 0.98 requires
367 a size to be specified always. 0.98.09b will imply the size
368 from the current BITS setting (16 or 32).
370 * Changed definition of the optimization flag:
372 -O0 strict two-pass assembly, JMP and Jcc are
373 handled more like 0.98, except that back-
374 ward JMPs are short, if possible.
376 -O1 strict two-pass assembly, but forward
377 branches are assembled with code guaranteed
378 to reach; may produce larger code than
379 -O0, but will produce successful assembly
380 more often if branch offset sizes are not
383 -O2 multi-pass optimization, minimize branch
384 offsets; also will minimize signed immed-
385 iate bytes, overriding size specification.
387 -O3 like -O2, but more passes taken, if needed
390 0.98.07 released 01/28/01
391 -------------------------
393 * Added Stepane Denis' SSE2 instructions to a *working*
394 version of the code - some earlier versions were based on
395 broken code - sorry 'bout that. version "0.98.07"
401 * Cosmetic modifications to nasm.c, nasm.h,
405 0.98.06f released 01/18/01
406 --------------------------
408 * - Add "metalbrain"s jecxz bug fix in insns.dat
409 - alter nasmdoc.src to match - version "0.98.06f"
412 0.98.06e released 01/09/01
413 --------------------------
415 * Removed the "outforms.h" file - it appears to be
416 someone's old backup of "outform.h". version "0.98.06e"
422 * fbk - finally added the fix for the "multiple %includes bug",
423 known since 7/27/99 - reported originally (?) and sent to
424 us by Austin Lunnen - he reports that John Fine had a fix
425 within the day. Here it is...
427 * Nelson Rush resigns from the group. Big thanks to Nelson for
428 his leadership and enthusiasm in getting these changes
429 incorporated into Nasm!
431 * fbk - [list +], [list -] directives - ineptly implemented, should
432 be re-written or removed, perhaps.
434 * Brian Raiter / fbk - "elfso bug" fix - applied to aoutb format
435 as well - testing might be desirable...
441 * James Seter - -postfix, -prefix command line switches.
442 * Yuri Zaporogets - rdoff utility changes.
448 * GAS-like palign (Panos Minos)
449 * FIXME: Someone, fill this in with details
453 ----------------------------------
455 * Fixed - elf and aoutb bug - shared libraries
456 - multiple "%include" bug in "-f obj"
458 - unrecognized option bug in ndisasm
460 0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000
461 --------------------------------------------------------
463 * Added signed byte optimizations for the 0x81/0x83 class
464 of instructions: ADC, ADD, AND, CMP, OR, SBB, SUB, XOR:
465 when used as 'ADD reg16,imm' or 'ADD reg32,imm.' Also
466 optimization of signed byte form of 'PUSH imm' and 'IMUL
467 reg,imm'/'IMUL reg,reg,imm.' No size specification is needed.
469 * Added multi-pass JMP and Jcc offset optimization. Offsets
470 on forward references will preferentially use the short form,
471 without the need to code a specific size (short or near) for
472 the branch. Added instructions for 'Jcc label' to use the
473 form 'Jnotcc $+3/JMP label', in cases where a short offset
474 is out of bounds. If compiling for a 386 or higher CPU, then
475 the 386 form of Jcc will be used instead.
477 This feature is controlled by a new command-line switch: "O",
478 (upper case letter O). "-O0" reverts the assembler to no
479 extra optimization passes, "-O1" allows up to 5 extra passes,
480 and "-O2"(default), allows up to 10 extra optimization passes.
482 * Added a new directive: 'cpu XXX', where XXX is any of:
483 8086, 186, 286, 386, 486, 586, pentium, 686, PPro, P2, P3 or
484 Katmai. All are case insensitive. All instructions will
485 be selected only if they apply to the selected cpu or lower.
486 Corrected a couple of bugs in cpu-dependence in 'insns.dat'.
488 * Added to 'standard.mac', the "use16" and "use32" forms of
489 the "bits 16/32" directive. This is nothing new, just conforms
490 to a lot of other assemblers. (minor)
492 * Changed label allocation from 320/32 (10000 labels @ 200K+)
493 to 32/37 (1000 labels); makes running under DOS much easier.
494 Since additional label space is allocated dynamically, this
495 should have no effect on large programs with lots of labels.
496 The 37 is a prime, believed to be better for hashing. (minor)
498 * Integrated patchfile 0.98-0.98.01. I call this version
499 0.98.03, for historical reasons: 0.98.02 was trashed.
501 --John Coffman <johninsd@san.rr.com> 27-Jul-2000
504 Kendall Bennett's SciTech MGL changes
505 -------------------------------------
506 Note that you must define "TASM_COMPAT" at compile-time
507 to get the Tasm Ideal Mode compatibility.
509 All changes can be compiled in and out using the TASM_COMPAT macros,
510 and when compiled without TASM_COMPAT defined we get the exact same
511 binary as the unmodified 0.98 sources.
513 standard.mac, macros.c:
514 . Added macros to ignore TASM directives before first include
517 . Added extern declaration for tasm_compatible_mode
520 . Added global variable tasm_compatible_mode
521 . Added command line switch for TASM compatible mode (-t)
522 . Changed version command line to reflect when compiled with TASM additions
523 . Added response file processing to allow all arguments on a single
524 line (response file is @resp rather than -@resp for NASM format).
527 . Changes islocal() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
528 . Added islocalchar() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
531 . Added support for TASM style memory references (ie: mov [DWORD eax],10
532 rather than the NASM style mov DWORD [eax],10).
535 . Added new directives, %arg, %local, %stacksize to directives table
536 . Added support for TASM style directives without a leading % symbol.
538 Integrated a block of changes from Andrew Zabolotny <bit@eltech.ru>:
540 * A new keyword %xdefine and its case-insensitive counterpart %ixdefine.
541 They work almost the same way as %define and %idefine but expand
542 the definition immediately, not on the invocation. Something like a cross
543 between %define and %assign. The "x" suffix stands for "eXpand", so
544 "xdefine" can be deciphered as "expand-and-define". Thus you can do
550 %xdefine %1 dword [esp+ofs]
554 * Changed the place where the expansion of %$name macros are expanded.
555 Now they are converted into ..@ctxnum.name form when detokenizing, so
556 there are no quirks as before when using %$name arguments to macros,
557 in macros etc. For example:
566 Now last line will be expanded into "hello" as expected. This also allows
567 for lots of goodies, a good example are extended "proc" macros included
570 * Added a check for "cstk" in smacro_defined() before calling get_ctx() -
571 this allows for things like:
576 to work without warnings even in no context.
578 * Added a check for "cstk" in %if*ctx and %elif*ctx directives -
579 this allows to use %ifctx without excessive warnings. If there is
580 no active context, %ifctx goes through "false" branch.
582 * Removed "user error: " prefix with %error directive: it just clobbers the
583 output and has absolutely no functionality. Besides, this allows to write
584 macros that does not differ from built-in functions in any way.
586 * Added expansion of string that is output by %error directive. Now you
589 %define hello(x) Hello, x!
592 %error "hello(%$name)"
594 Same happened with %include directive.
596 * Now all directives that expect an identifier will try to expand and
597 concatenate everything without whitespaces in between before usage.
598 For example, with "unfixed" nasm the commands
601 %define __%$abc goodbye
604 would produce "incorrect" output: last line will expand to
608 Not quite what you expected, eh? :-) The answer is that preprocessor
609 treats the %define construct as if it would be
611 %define __ %$abc goodbye
613 (note the white space between __ and %$abc). After my "fix" it
614 will "correctly" expand into
618 as expected. Note that I use quotes around words "correct", "incorrect"
619 etc because this is rather a feature not a bug; however current behaviour
620 is more logical (and allows more advanced macro usage :-).
622 Same change was applied to:
623 %push,%macro,%imacro,%define,%idefine,%xdefine,%ixdefine,
624 %assign,%iassign,%undef
626 * A new directive [WARNING {+|-}warning-id] have been added. It works only
627 if the assembly phase is enabled (i.e. it doesn't work with nasm -e).
629 * A new warning type: macro-selfref. By default this warning is disabled;
630 when enabled NASM warns when a macro self-references itself; for example
631 the following source:
633 [WARNING macro-selfref]
644 will produce a warning, but if we remove the first line we won't see it
645 anymore (which is The Right Thing To Do {tm} IMHO since C preprocessor
646 eats such constructs without warnings at all).
648 * Added a "error" routine to preprocessor which always will set ERR_PASS1
649 bit in severity_code. This removes annoying repeated errors on first
650 and second passes from preprocessor.
652 * Added the %+ operator in single-line macros for concatenating two
653 identifiers. Usage example:
655 %define _myfunc _otherfunc
656 %define cextern(x) _ %+ x
659 After first expansion, third line will become "_myfunc". After this
660 expansion is performed again so it becomes "_otherunc".
662 * Now if preprocessor is in a non-emmitting state, no warning or error
663 will be emmitted. Example:
668 put anything you want between these two brackets,
669 even macro-parameter references %1 or local labels %$zz
670 or macro-local labels %%zz - no warning will be emmitted.
673 * Context-local variables on expansion as a last resort are looked up
674 in outer contexts. For example, the following piece:
684 will expand correctly the fourth line to [esp]; if we'll define another
685 %$a inside the "inner" context, it will take precedence over outer
686 definition. However, this modification has been applied only to
687 expand_smacro and not to smacro_define: as a consequence expansion
688 looks in outer contexts, but %ifdef won't look in outer contexts.
690 This behaviour is needed because we don't want nested contexts to
691 act on already defined local macros. Example:
693 %define %$arg1 [esp+4]
699 In this example the "if" mmacro enters into the "if" context, so %$arg1
700 is not valid anymore inside "if". Of course it could be worked around
701 by using explicitely %$$arg1 but this is ugly IMHO.
703 * Fixed memory leak in %undef. The origline wasn't freed before
706 * Fixed trap in preprocessor when line expanded to empty set of tokens.
707 This happens, for example, in the following case:
716 All changes since NASM 0.98p3 have been produced by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>.
718 * The documentation comment delimiter is \# not #.
719 * Allow EQU definitions to refer to external labels; reported by
721 * Re-enable support for RDOFF v1; reported by Pedro Gimeno.
722 * Updated License file per OK from Simon and Julian.
728 * Update documentation (although the instruction set reference will
729 have to wait; I don't want to hold up the 0.98 release for it.)
730 * Verified that the NASM implementation of the PEXTRW and PMOVMSKB
731 instructions is correct. The encoding differs from what the Intel
732 manuals document, but the Pentium III behaviour matches NASM, not
734 * Fix handling of implicit sizes in PSHUFW and PINSRW, reported by
736 * Resurrect the -s option, which was removed when changing the
737 diagnostic output to stdout.
743 * Fix for "DB" when NASM is running on a bigendian machine.
744 * Invoke insns.pl once for each output script, making Makefile.in
746 * Improve the Unix configure-based makefiles to make package
748 * Included an RPM .spec file for building RPM (RedHat Package Manager)
749 packages on Linux or Unix systems.
750 * Fix Makefile dependency problems.
751 * Change src/rdsrc.pl to include sectioning information in info
752 output; required for install-info to work.
753 * Updated the RDOFF distribution to version 2 from Jules; minor
754 massaging to make it compile in my environment.
755 * Split doc files that can be built by anyone with a Perl interpreter off
756 into a separate archive.
757 * "Dress rehearsal" release!
763 * Fixed opcodes with a third byte-sized immediate argument to not
764 complain if given "byte" on the immediate.
765 * Allow %undef to remove single-line macros with arguments. This
766 matches the behaviour of #undef in the C preprocessor.
767 * Allow -d, -u, -i and -p to be specified as -D, -U, -I and -P for
768 compatibility with most C compilers and preprocessors. This allows
769 Makefile options to be shared between cc and nasm, for example.
771 * Went through the list of Katmai instructions and hopefully fixed the
772 (rather few) mistakes in it.
773 * (Hopefully) fixed a number of disassembler bugs related to ambiguous
774 instructions (disambiguated by -p) and SSE instructions with REP.
775 * Fix for bug reported by Mark Junger: "call dword 0x12345678" should
776 work and may add an OSP (affected CALL, JMP, Jcc).
777 * Fix for environments when "stderr" isn't a compile-time constant.
783 * Took officially over coordination of the 0.98 release; so drop
784 the p3.x notation. Skipped p4 and p5 to avoid confusion with John
785 Fine's J4 and J5 releases.
786 * Update the documentation; however, it still doesn't include
787 documentation for the various new instructions. I somehow wonder if
788 it makes sense to have an instruction set reference in the assembler
789 manual when Intel et al have PDF versions of their manuals online.
790 * Recognize "idt" or "centaur" for the -p option to ndisasm.
791 * Changed error messages back to stderr where they belong, but add an
792 -E option to redirect them elsewhere (the DOS shell cannot redirect
794 * -M option to generate Makefile dependencies (based on code from Alex
796 * %undef preprocessor directive, and -u option, that undefines a
798 * OS/2 Makefile (Mkfiles/Makefile.os2) for Borland under OS/2; from
800 * Various minor bugfixes (reported by):
801 - Dangling %s in preproc.c (Martin Junker)
802 * THERE ARE KNOWN BUGS IN SSE AND THE OTHER KATMAI INSTRUCTIONS. I am
803 on a trip and didn't bring the Katmai instruction reference, so I
804 can't work on them right now.
805 * Updated the License file per agreement with Simon and Jules to
806 include a GPL distribution clause.
812 * (Hopefully) fixed the canned Makefiles to include the outrdf2 and
814 * Renamed changes.asm to changed.asm.
820 * Fixed a bunch of instructions that were added in 0.98p3.5 which had
821 memory operands, and the address-size prefix was missing from the
828 * Merged in changes from John S. Fine's 0.98-J5 release. John's based
829 0.98-J5 on my 0.98p3.3 release; this merges the changes.
830 * Expanded the instructions flag field to a long so we can fit more
831 flags; mark SSE (KNI) and AMD or Katmai-specific instructions as
833 * Fix the "PRIV" flag on a bunch of instructions, and create new
834 "PROT" flag for protected-mode-only instructions (orthogonal to if
835 the instruction is privileged!) and new "SMM" flag for SMM-only
837 * Added AMD-only SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions.
838 * Make SSE actually work, and add new Katmai MMX instructions.
839 * Added a -p (preferred vendor) option to ndisasm so that it can
840 distinguish e.g. Cyrix opcodes also used in SSE. For example:
842 ndisasm -p cyrix aliased.bin
843 00000000 670F514310 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x10]
844 00000005 670F514320 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x20]
845 ndisasm -p intel aliased.bin
846 00000000 670F514310 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x10]
847 00000005 670F514320 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x20]
848 * Added a bunch of Cyrix-specific instructions.
854 * Made at least an attempt to modify all the additional Makefiles (in
855 the Mkfiles directory). I can't test it, but this was the best I
857 * DOS DJGPP+"Opus Make" Makefile from John S. Fine.
858 * changes.asm changes from John S. Fine.
864 * Patch from Conan Brink to allow nesting of %rep directives.
865 * If we're going to allow INT01 as an alias for INT1/ICEBP (one of
866 Jules 0.98p3 changes), then we should allow INT03 as an alias for INT3
868 * Updated changes.asm to include the latest changes.
869 * Tried to clean up the <CR>s that had snuck in from a DOS/Windows
870 environment into my Unix environment, and try to make sure than
871 DOS/Windows users get them back.
872 * We would silently generate broken tools if insns.dat wasn't sorted
873 properly. Change insns.pl so that the order doesn't matter.
874 * Fix bug in insns.pl (introduced by me) which would cause conditional
875 instructions to have an extra "cc" in disassembly, e.g. "jnz"
876 disassembled as "jccnz".
882 * Merged in John S. Fine's changes from his 0.98-J4 prerelease; see
883 http://www.csoft.net/cz/johnfine/
884 * Changed previous "spotless" Makefile target (appropriate for distribution)
885 to "distclean", and added "cleaner" target which is same as "clean"
886 except deletes files generated by Perl scripts; "spotless" is union.
887 * Removed BASIC programs from distribution. Get a Perl interpreter
889 * Calling this "pre-release 3.2" rather than "p3-hpa2" because of
890 John's contributions.
891 * Actually link in the IEEE output format (zoutieee.c); fix a bunch of
892 compiler warnings in that file. Note I don't know what IEEE output
893 is supposed to look like, so these changes were made "blind".
899 * Merged nasm098p3.zip with nasm-0.97.tar.gz to create a fully
900 buildable version for Unix systems (Makefile.in updates, etc.)
901 * Changed insns.pl to create the instruction tables in nasm.h and
902 names.c, so that a new instruction can be added by adding it *only*
904 * Added the following new instructions: SYSENTER, SYSEXIT, FXSAVE,
905 FXRSTOR, UD1, UD2 (the latter two are two opcodes that Intel
906 guarantee will never be used; one of them is documented as UD2 in
907 Intel documentation, the other one just as "Undefined Opcode" --
908 calling it UD1 seemed to make sense.)
909 * MAX_SYMBOL was defined to be 9, but LOADALL286 and LOADALL386 are 10
910 characters long. Now MAX_SYMBOL is derived from insns.dat.
911 * A note on the BASIC programs included: forget them. insns.bas is
912 already out of date. Get yourself a Perl interpreter for your
913 platform of choice at:
915 http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html
921 added response file support, improved command line handling, new layout
924 fixed limit checking bug, 'OUT byte nn, reg' bug, and a couple of rdoff
925 related bugs, updated Wishlist; 0.98 Prerelease 3.
931 fixed bug in outcoff.c to do with truncating section names longer
932 than 8 characters, referencing beyond end of string; 0.98 pre-release 2
935 0.98 pre-released May 1999
936 --------------------------
938 Fixed a bug whereby STRUC didn't work at all in RDF.
940 Fixed a problem with group specification in PUBDEFs in OBJ.
942 Improved ease of adding new output formats. Contribution due to
945 Fixed a bug in relocations in the `bin' format: was showing up when
946 a relocatable reference crossed an 8192-byte boundary in any output
949 Fixed a bug in local labels: local-label lookups were inconsistent
950 between passes one and two if an EQU occurred between the definition
951 of a global label and the subsequent use of a local label local to
954 Fixed a seg-fault in the preprocessor (again) which happened when
955 you use a blank line as the first line of a multi-line macro
956 definition and then defined a label on the same line as a call to
959 Fixed a stale-pointer bug in the handling of the NASM environment
960 variable. Thanks to Thomas McWilliams.
962 ELF had a hard limit on the number of sections which caused
963 segfaults when transgressed. Fixed.
965 Added ability for ndisasm to read from stdin by using `-' as the
968 ndisasm wasn't outputting the TO keyword. Fixed.
970 Fixed error cascade on bogus expression in %if - an error in
971 evaluation was causing the entire %if to be discarded, thus creating
972 trouble later when the %else or %endif was encountered.
974 Forward reference tracking was instruction-granular not operand-
975 granular, which was causing 286-specific code to be generated
976 needlessly on code of the form `shr word [forwardref],1'. Thanks to
977 Jim Hague for sending a patch.
979 All messages now appear on stdout, as sending them to stderr serves
980 no useful purpose other than to make redirection difficult.
982 Fixed the problem with EQUs pointing to an external symbol - this
983 now generates an error message.
985 Allowed multiple size prefixes to an operand, of which only the first
986 is taken into account.
988 Incorporated John Fine's changes, including fixes of a large number
989 of preprocessor bugs, some small problems in OBJ, and a reworking of
990 label handling to define labels before their line is assembled, rather
993 Reformatted a lot of the source code to be more readable. Included
994 'coding.txt' as a guideline for how to format code for contributors.
996 Stopped nested %reps causing a panic - they now cause a slightly more
997 friendly error message instead.
999 Fixed floating point constant problems (patch by Pedro Gimeno)
1001 Fixed the return value of insn_size() not being checked for -1, indicating
1004 Incorporated 3D now instructions.
1006 Fixed the 'mov eax, eax + ebx' bug.
1008 Fixed the GLOBAL EQU bug in ELF. Released developers release 3.
1010 Incorporated John Fine's command line parsing changes
1012 Incorporated David Lindauer's OMF debug support
1014 Made changes for LCC 4.0 support (__NASM_CDecl__, removed register size
1015 specification warning when sizes agree).
1017 Released NASM 0.98 Pre-release 1
1020 0.97 released December 1997
1021 ---------------------------
1023 This was entirely a bug-fix release to 0.96, which seems to have got
1026 Fixed stupid mistake in OBJ which caused `MOV EAX,<constant>' to
1027 fail. Caused by an error in the `MOV EAX,<segment>' support.
1029 ndisasm hung at EOF when compiled with lcc on Linux because lcc on
1030 Linux somehow breaks feof(). ndisasm now does not rely on feof().
1032 A heading in the documentation was missing due to a markup error in
1033 the indexing. Fixed.
1035 Fixed failure to update all pointers on realloc() within extended-
1036 operand code in parser.c. Was causing wrong behaviour and seg faults
1037 on lines such as `dd 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,...'
1039 Fixed a subtle preprocessor bug whereby invoking one multi-line
1040 macro on the first line of the expansion of another, when the second
1041 had been invoked with a label defined before it, didn't expand the
1044 Added internal.doc back in to the distribution archives - it was
1045 missing in 0.96 *blush*
1047 Fixed bug causing 0.96 to be unable to assemble its own test files,
1048 specifically objtest.asm. *blush again*
1050 Fixed seg-faults and bogus error messages caused by mismatching
1051 %rep and %endrep within multi-line macro definitions.
1053 Fixed a problem with buffer overrun in OBJ, which was causing
1054 corruption at ends of long PUBDEF records.
1056 Separated DOS archives into main-program and documentation to reduce
1060 0.96 released November 1997
1061 ---------------------------
1063 Fixed a bug whereby, if `nasm sourcefile' would cause a filename
1064 collision warning and put output into `nasm.out', then `nasm
1065 sourcefile -o outputfile' still gave the warning even though the
1068 Fixed name pollution under Digital UNIX: one of its header files
1069 defined R_SP, which broke the enum in nasm.h.
1071 Fixed minor instruction table problems: FUCOM and FUCOMP didn't have
1072 two-operand forms; NDISASM didn't recognise the longer register
1073 forms of PUSH and POP (eg FF F3 for PUSH BX); TEST mem,imm32 was
1074 flagged as undocumented; the 32-bit forms of CMOV had 16-bit operand
1075 size prefixes; `AAD imm' and `AAM imm' are no longer flagged as
1076 undocumented because the Intel Architecture reference documents
1079 Fixed a problem with the local-label mechanism, whereby strange
1080 types of symbol (EQUs, auto-defined OBJ segment base symbols)
1081 interfered with the `previous global label' value and screwed up
1084 Fixed a bug whereby the stub preprocessor didn't communicate with
1085 the listing file generator, so that the -a and -l options in
1086 conjunction would produce a useless listing file.
1088 Merged `os2' object file format back into `obj', after discovering
1089 that `obj' _also_ shouldn't have a link pass separator in a module
1090 containing a non-trivial MODEND. Flat segments are now declared
1091 using the FLAT attribute. `os2' is no longer a valid object format
1094 Removed the fixed-size temporary storage in the evaluator. Very very
1095 long expressions (like `mov ax,1+1+1+1+...' for two hundred 1s or
1096 so) should now no longer crash NASM.
1098 Fixed a bug involving segfaults on disassembly of MMX instructions,
1099 by changing the meaning of one of the operand-type flags in nasm.h.
1100 This may cause other apparently unrelated MMX problems; it needs to
1101 be tested thoroughly.
1103 Fixed some buffer overrun problems with large OBJ output files.
1104 Thanks to DJ Delorie for the bug report and fix.
1106 Made preprocess-only mode actually listen to the %line markers as it
1107 prints them, so that it can report errors more sanely.
1109 Re-designed the evaluator to keep more sensible track of expressions
1110 involving forward references: can now cope with previously-nightmare
1116 Added the ALIGN and ALIGNB standard macros.
1118 Added PIC support in ELF: use of WRT to obtain the four extra
1119 relocation types needed.
1121 Added the ability for output file formats to define their own
1122 extensions to the GLOBAL, COMMON and EXTERN directives.
1124 Implemented common-variable alignment, and global-symbol type and
1125 size declarations, in ELF.
1127 Implemented NEAR and FAR keywords for common variables, plus
1128 far-common element size specification, in OBJ.
1130 Added a feature whereby EXTERNs and COMMONs in OBJ can be given a
1131 default WRT specification (either a segment or a group).
1133 Transformed the Unix NASM archive into an auto-configuring package.
1135 Added a sanity-check for people applying SEG to things which are
1136 already segment bases: this previously went unnoticed by the SEG
1137 processing and caused OBJ-driver panics later.
1139 Added the ability, in OBJ format, to deal with `MOV EAX,<segment>'
1140 type references: OBJ doesn't directly support dword-size segment
1141 base fixups, but as long as the low two bytes of the constant term
1142 are zero, a word-size fixup can be generated instead and it will
1145 Added the ability to specify sections' alignment requirements in
1146 Win32 object files and pure binary files.
1148 Added preprocess-time expression evaluation: the %assign (and
1149 %iassign) directive and the bare %if (and %elif) conditional. Added
1150 relational operators to the evaluator, for use only in %if
1151 constructs: the standard relationals = < > <= >= <> (and C-like
1152 synonyms == and !=) plus low-precedence logical operators &&, ^^ and
1155 Added a preprocessor repeat construct: %rep / %exitrep / %endrep.
1157 Added the __FILE__ and __LINE__ standard macros.
1159 Added a sanity check for number constants being greater than
1160 0xFFFFFFFF. The warning can be disabled.
1162 Added the %0 token whereby a variadic multi-line macro can tell how
1163 many parameters it's been given in a specific invocation.
1165 Added %rotate, allowing multi-line macro parameters to be cycled.
1167 Added the `*' option for the maximum parameter count on multi-line
1168 macros, allowing them to take arbitrarily many parameters.
1170 Added the ability for the user-level forms of EXTERN, GLOBAL and
1171 COMMON to take more than one argument.
1173 Added the IMPORT and EXPORT directives in OBJ format, to deal with
1176 Added some more preprocessor %if constructs: %ifidn / %ifidni (exact
1177 textual identity), and %ifid / %ifnum / %ifstr (token type testing).
1179 Added the ability to distinguish SHL AX,1 (the 8086 version) from
1180 SHL AX,BYTE 1 (the 286-and-upwards version whose constant happens to
1183 Added NetBSD/FreeBSD/OpenBSD's variant of a.out format, complete
1184 with PIC shared library features.
1186 Changed NASM's idiosyncratic handling of FCLEX, FDISI, FENI, FINIT,
1187 FSAVE, FSTCW, FSTENV, and FSTSW to bring it into line with the
1188 otherwise accepted standard. The previous behaviour, though it was a
1189 deliberate feature, was a deliberate feature based on a
1190 misunderstanding. Apologies for the inconvenience.
1192 Improved the flexibility of ABSOLUTE: you can now give it an
1193 expression rather than being restricted to a constant, and it can
1194 take relocatable arguments as well.
1196 Added the ability for a variable to be declared as EXTERN multiple
1197 times, and the subsequent definitions are just ignored.
1199 We now allow instruction prefixes (CS, DS, LOCK, REPZ etc) to be
1200 alone on a line (without a following instruction).
1202 Improved sanity checks on whether the arguments to EXTERN, GLOBAL
1203 and COMMON are valid identifiers.
1205 Added misc/exebin.mac to allow direct generation of .EXE files by
1206 hacking up an EXE header using DB and DW; also added test/binexe.asm
1207 to demonstrate the use of this. Thanks to Yann Guidon for
1208 contributing the EXE header code.
1210 ndisasm forgot to check whether the input file had been successfully
1211 opened. Now it does. Doh!
1213 Added the Cyrix extensions to the MMX instruction set.
1215 Added a hinting mechanism to allow [EAX+EBX] and [EBX+EAX] to be
1216 assembled differently. This is important since [ESI+EBP] and
1217 [EBP+ESI] have different default base segment registers.
1219 Added support for the PharLap OMF extension for 4096-byte segment
1223 0.95 released July 1997
1224 -----------------------
1226 Fixed yet another ELF bug. This one manifested if the user relied on
1227 the default segment, and attempted to define global symbols without
1228 first explicitly declaring the target segment.
1230 Added makefiles (for NASM and the RDF tools) to build Win32 console
1231 apps under Symantec C++. Donated by Mark Junker.
1233 Added `macros.bas' and `insns.bas', QBasic versions of the Perl
1234 scripts that convert `standard.mac' to `macros.c' and convert
1235 `insns.dat' to `insnsa.c' and `insnsd.c'. Also thanks to Mark
1238 Changed the diassembled forms of the conditional instructions so
1239 that JB is now emitted as JC, and other similar changes. Suggested
1240 list by Ulrich Doewich.
1242 Added `@' to the list of valid characters to begin an identifier
1245 Documentary changes, notably the addition of the `Common Problems'
1246 section in nasm.doc.
1248 Fixed a bug relating to 32-bit PC-relative fixups in OBJ.
1250 Fixed a bug in perm_copy() in labels.c which was causing exceptions
1251 in cleanup_labels() on some systems.
1253 Positivity sanity check in TIMES argument changed from a warning to
1254 an error following a further complaint.
1256 Changed the acceptable limits on byte and word operands to allow
1257 things like `~10111001b' to work.
1259 Fixed a major problem in the preprocessor which caused seg-faults if
1260 macro definitions contained blank lines or comment-only lines.
1262 Fixed inadequate error checking on the commas separating the
1263 arguments to `db', `dw' etc.
1265 Fixed a crippling bug in the handling of macros with operand counts
1266 defined with a `+' modifier.
1268 Fixed a bug whereby object file formats which stored the input file
1269 name in the output file (such as OBJ and COFF) weren't doing so
1270 correctly when the output file name was specified on the command
1273 Removed [INC] and [INCLUDE] support for good, since they were
1276 Fixed a bug in OBJ which caused all fixups to be output in 16-bit
1277 (old-format) FIXUPP records, rather than putting the 32-bit ones in
1278 FIXUPP32 (new-format) records.
1280 Added, tentatively, OS/2 object file support (as a minor variant on
1283 Updates to Fox Cutter's Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2.
1285 Removed a spurious second fclose() on the output file.
1287 Added the `-s' command line option to redirect all messages which
1288 would go to stderr (errors, help text) to stdout instead.
1290 Added the `-w' command line option to selectively suppress some
1291 classes of assembly warning messages.
1293 Added the `-p' pre-include and `-d' pre-define command-line options.
1295 Added an include file search path: the `-i' command line option.
1297 Fixed a silly little preprocessor bug whereby starting a line with a
1298 `%!' environment-variable reference caused an `unknown directive'
1301 Added the long-awaited listing file support: the `-l' command line
1304 Fixed a problem with OBJ format whereby, in the absence of any
1305 explicit segment definition, non-global symbols declared in the
1306 implicit default segment generated spurious EXTDEF records in the
1309 Added the NASM environment variable.
1311 From this version forward, Win32 console-mode binaries will be
1312 included in the DOS distribution in addition to the 16-bit binaries.
1313 Added Makefile.vc for this purpose.
1315 Added `return 0;' to test/objlink.c to prevent compiler warnings.
1317 Added the __NASM_MAJOR__ and __NASM_MINOR__ standard defines.
1319 Added an alternative memory-reference syntax in which prefixing an
1320 operand with `&' is equivalent to enclosing it in square brackets,
1321 at the request of Fox Cutter.
1323 Errors in pass two now cause the program to return a non-zero error
1324 code, which they didn't before.
1326 Fixed the single-line macro cycle detection, which didn't work at
1327 all on macros with no parameters (caused an infinite loop). Also
1328 changed the behaviour of single-line macro cycle detection to work
1329 like cpp, so that macros like `extrn' as given in the documentation
1332 Fixed the implementation of WRT, which was too restrictive in that
1333 you couldn't do `mov ax,[di+abc wrt dgroup]' because (di+abc) wasn't
1334 a relocatable reference.
1337 0.94 released April 1997
1338 ------------------------
1340 Major item: added the macro processor.
1342 Added undocumented instructions SMI, IBTS, XBTS and LOADALL286. Also
1343 reorganised CMPXCHG instruction into early-486 and Pentium forms.
1344 Thanks to Thobias Jones for the information.
1346 Fixed two more stupid bugs in ELF, which were causing `ld' to
1347 continue to seg-fault in a lot of non-trivial cases.
1349 Fixed a seg-fault in the label manager.
1351 Stopped FBLD and FBSTP from _requiring_ the TWORD keyword, which is
1352 the only option for BCD loads/stores in any case.
1354 Ensured FLDCW, FSTCW and FSTSW can cope with the WORD keyword, if
1355 anyone bothers to provide it. Previously they complained unless no
1356 keyword at all was present.
1358 Some forms of FDIV/FDIVR and FSUB/FSUBR were still inverted: a
1359 vestige of a bug that I thought had been fixed in 0.92. This was
1360 fixed, hopefully for good this time...
1362 Another minor phase error (insofar as a phase error can _ever_ be
1363 minor) fixed, this one occurring in code of the form
1364 rol ax,forward_reference
1365 forward_reference equ 1
1367 The number supplied to TIMES is now sanity-checked for positivity,
1368 and also may be greater than 64K (which previously didn't work on
1371 Added Watcom C makefiles, and misc/pmw.bat, donated by Dominik Behr.
1373 Added the INCBIN pseudo-opcode.
1375 Due to the advent of the preprocessor, the [INCLUDE] and [INC]
1376 directives have become obsolete. They are still supported in this
1377 version, with a warning, but won't be in the next.
1379 Fixed a bug in OBJ format, which caused incorrect object records to
1380 be output when absolute labels were made global.
1382 Updates to RDOFF subdirectory, and changes to outrdf.c.
1385 0.93 released January 1997
1386 --------------------------
1388 This release went out in a great hurry after semi-crippling bugs
1391 Really _did_ fix the stack overflows this time. *blush*
1393 Had problems with EA instruction sizes changing between passes, when
1394 an offset contained a forward reference and so 4 bytes were
1395 allocated for the offset in pass one; by pass two the symbol had
1396 been defined and happened to be a small absolute value, so only 1
1397 byte got allocated, causing instruction size mismatch between passes
1398 and hence incorrect address calculations. Fixed.
1400 Stupid bug in the revised ELF section generation fixed (associated
1401 string-table section for .symtab was hard-coded as 7, even when this
1402 didn't fit with the real section table). Was causing `ld' to
1403 seg-fault under Linux.
1405 Included a new Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2, donated by Fox
1406 Cutter <lmb@comtch.iea.com>.
1409 0.92 released January 1997
1410 --------------------------
1412 The FDIVP/FDIVRP and FSUBP/FSUBRP pairs had been inverted: this was
1413 fixed. This also affected the LCC driver.
1415 Fixed a bug regarding 32-bit effective addresses of the form
1416 [other_register+ESP].
1418 Documentary changes, notably documentation of the fact that Borland
1419 Win32 compilers use `obj' rather than `win32' object format.
1421 Fixed the COMENT record in OBJ files, which was formatted
1424 Fixed a bug causing segfaults in large RDF files.
1426 OBJ format now strips initial periods from segment and group
1427 definitions, in order to avoid complications with the local label
1430 Fixed a bug in disassembling far calls and jumps in NDISASM.
1432 Added support for user-defined sections in COFF and ELF files.
1434 Compiled the DOS binaries with a sensible amount of stack, to
1435 prevent stack overflows on any arithmetic expression containing
1438 Fixed a bug in handling of files that do not terminate in a newline.
1441 0.91 released November 1996
1442 ---------------------------
1445 Support for RDF added.
1446 Support for DBG debugging format added.
1447 Support for 32-bit extensions to Microsoft OBJ format added.
1448 Revised for Borland C: some variable names changed, makefile added.
1449 LCC support revised to actually work.
1450 JMP/CALL NEAR/FAR notation added.
1451 `a16', `o16', `a32' and `o32' prefixes added.
1452 Range checking on short jumps implemented.
1453 MMX instruction support added.
1454 Negative floating point constant support added.
1455 Memory handling improved to bypass 64K barrier under DOS.
1456 $ prefix to force treatment of reserved words as identifiers added.
1457 Default-size mechanism for object formats added.
1458 Compile-time configurability added.
1459 `#', `@', `~' and `?' are now valid characters in labels.
1460 `-e' and `-k' options in NDISASM added.
1463 0.90 released October 1996
1464 --------------------------
1466 First release version. First support for object file output. Other
1467 changes from previous version (0.3x) too numerous to document.