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[nasm.git] / output / outcoff.c

/* outcoff.c    output routines for the Netwide Assembler to produce
 *              COFF object files (for DJGPP and Win32)
 *
 * The Netwide Assembler is copyright (C) 1996 Simon Tatham and
 * Julian Hall. All rights reserved. The software is
 * redistributable under the license given in the file "LICENSE"
 * distributed in the NASM archive.
 */

#include "compiler.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

#include "nasm.h"
#include "nasmlib.h"
#include "saa.h"
#include "raa.h"
#include "output/outform.h"
#include "output/outlib.h"

#if defined(OF_COFF) || defined(OF_WIN32) || defined(OF_WIN64)

/*
 * Notes on COFF:
 *
 * (0) When I say `standard COFF' below, I mean `COFF as output and
 * used by DJGPP'. I assume DJGPP gets it right.
 *
 * (1) Win32 appears to interpret the term `relative relocation'
 * differently from standard COFF. Standard COFF understands a
 * relative relocation to mean that during relocation you add the
 * address of the symbol you're referencing, and subtract the base
 * address of the section you're in. Win32 COFF, by contrast, seems
 * to add the address of the symbol and then subtract the address
 * of THE BYTE AFTER THE RELOCATED DWORD. Hence the two formats are
 * subtly incompatible.
 *
 * (2) Win32 doesn't bother putting any flags in the header flags
 * field (at offset 0x12 into the file).
 *
 * (3) Win32 uses some extra flags into the section header table:
 * it defines flags 0x80000000 (writable), 0x40000000 (readable)
 * and 0x20000000 (executable), and uses them in the expected
 * combinations. It also defines 0x00100000 through 0x00700000 for
 * section alignments of 1 through 64 bytes.
 *
 * (4) Both standard COFF and Win32 COFF seem to use the DWORD
 * field directly after the section name in the section header
 * table for something strange: they store what the address of the
 * section start point _would_ be, if you laid all the sections end
 * to end starting at zero. Dunno why. Microsoft's documentation
 * lists this field as "Virtual Size of Section", which doesn't
 * seem to fit at all. In fact, Win32 even includes non-linked
 * sections such as .drectve in this calculation.
 *
 * Newer versions of MASM seem to have changed this to be zero, and
 * that apparently matches the COFF spec, so go with that.
 *
 * (5) Standard COFF does something very strange to common
 * variables: the relocation point for a common variable is as far
 * _before_ the variable as its size stretches out _after_ it. So
 * we must fix up common variable references. Win32 seems to be
 * sensible on this one.
 */

/* Flag which version of COFF we are currently outputting. */
static bool win32, win64;

static int32_t imagebase_sect;
#define WRT_IMAGEBASE "..imagebase"

struct Reloc {
    struct Reloc *next;
    int32_t address;            /* relative to _start_ of section */
    int32_t symbol;             /* symbol number */
    enum {
        SECT_SYMBOLS,
        ABS_SYMBOL,
        REAL_SYMBOLS
    } symbase;                  /* relocation for symbol number :) */
    int16_t type;
};

/* possible values for Reloc->type */
#define IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR64          0x0001
#define IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR32          0x0002
#define IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR32NB        0x0003
#define IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32           0x0004
#define IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32            0x0006
#define IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32NB          0x0007
#define IMAGE_REL_I386_REL32            0x0014

struct Symbol {
    char name[9];
    int32_t strpos;             /* string table position of name */
    int32_t value;              /* address, or COMMON variable size */
    int section;                /* section number where it's defined
                                 * - in COFF codes, not NASM codes */
    bool is_global;              /* is it a global symbol or not? */
    int16_t type;               /* 0 - notype, 0x20 - function */
    int32_t namlen;             /* full name length */
};

static FILE *coffp;
static efunc error;
static char coff_infile[FILENAME_MAX];

struct Section {
    struct SAA *data;
    uint32_t len;
    int nrelocs;
    int32_t index;
    struct Reloc *head, **tail;
    uint32_t flags;        /* section flags */
    char name[9];
    int32_t pos, relpos;
};

#define TEXT_FLAGS ((win32 | win64) ? 0x60500020L : 0x20L)
#define DATA_FLAGS ((win32 | win64) ? 0xC0300040L : 0x40L)
#define BSS_FLAGS ((win32 | win64) ? 0xC0300080L : 0x80L)
#define INFO_FLAGS 0x00100A00L
#define RDATA_FLAGS ((win32 | win64) ? 0x40400040L : 0x40L)

#define SECT_DELTA 32
static struct Section **sects;
static int nsects, sectlen;

static struct SAA *syms;
static uint32_t nsyms;

static int32_t def_seg;

static int initsym;

static struct RAA *bsym, *symval;

static struct SAA *strs;
static uint32_t strslen;

static void coff_gen_init(FILE *, efunc);
static void coff_sect_write(struct Section *, const uint8_t *,
                            uint32_t);
static void coff_write(void);
static void coff_section_header(char *, int32_t, int32_t, int32_t, int32_t, int, int32_t);
static void coff_write_relocs(struct Section *);
static void coff_write_symbols(void);

static void coff_win32_init(FILE * fp, efunc errfunc,
                            ldfunc ldef, evalfunc eval)
{
    win32 = true; win64 = false;
    (void)ldef;                 /* placate optimizers */
    (void)eval;
    coff_gen_init(fp, errfunc);
}

static void coff_win64_init(FILE * fp, efunc errfunc,
                            ldfunc ldef, evalfunc eval)
{
    extern struct ofmt of_win64;

    maxbits = 64;
    win32 = false; win64 = true;
    (void)ldef;                 /* placate optimizers */
    (void)eval;
    coff_gen_init(fp, errfunc);
    imagebase_sect = seg_alloc()+1;
    ldef(WRT_IMAGEBASE,imagebase_sect,0,NULL,false,false,&of_win64,errfunc);
}

static void coff_std_init(FILE * fp, efunc errfunc, ldfunc ldef,
                          evalfunc eval)
{
    win32 = win64 = false;
    (void)ldef;                 /* placate optimizers */
    (void)eval;
    coff_gen_init(fp, errfunc);
}

static void coff_gen_init(FILE * fp, efunc errfunc)
{

    coffp = fp;
    error = errfunc;
    sects = NULL;
    nsects = sectlen = 0;
    syms = saa_init(sizeof(struct Symbol));
    nsyms = 0;
    bsym = raa_init();
    symval = raa_init();
    strs = saa_init(1);
    strslen = 0;
    def_seg = seg_alloc();
}

static void coff_cleanup(int debuginfo)
{
    struct Reloc *r;
    int i;

    (void)debuginfo;

    coff_write();
    fclose(coffp);
    for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++) {
        if (sects[i]->data)
            saa_free(sects[i]->data);
        while (sects[i]->head) {
            r = sects[i]->head;
            sects[i]->head = sects[i]->head->next;
            nasm_free(r);
        }
        nasm_free(sects[i]);
    }
    nasm_free(sects);
    saa_free(syms);
    raa_free(bsym);
    raa_free(symval);
    saa_free(strs);
}

static int coff_make_section(char *name, uint32_t flags)
{
    struct Section *s;

    s = nasm_malloc(sizeof(*s));

    if (flags != BSS_FLAGS)
        s->data = saa_init(1);
    else
        s->data = NULL;
    s->head = NULL;
    s->tail = &s->head;
    s->len = 0;
    s->nrelocs = 0;
    if (!strcmp(name, ".text"))
        s->index = def_seg;
    else
        s->index = seg_alloc();
    strncpy(s->name, name, 8);
    s->name[8] = '\0';
    s->flags = flags;

    if (nsects >= sectlen) {
        sectlen += SECT_DELTA;
        sects = nasm_realloc(sects, sectlen * sizeof(*sects));
    }
    sects[nsects++] = s;

    return nsects - 1;
}

static int32_t coff_section_names(char *name, int pass, int *bits)
{
    char *p;
    uint32_t flags, align_and = ~0L, align_or = 0L;
    int i;

    /*
     * Set default bits.
     */
    if (!name) {
        if(win64)
            *bits = 64;
        else
            *bits = 32;
    }

    if (!name)
        return def_seg;

    p = name;
    while (*p && !nasm_isspace(*p))
        p++;
    if (*p)
        *p++ = '\0';
    if (strlen(name) > 8) {
        error(ERR_WARNING, "COFF section names limited to 8 characters:"
              " truncating");
        name[8] = '\0';
    }
    flags = 0;

    while (*p && nasm_isspace(*p))
        p++;
    while (*p) {
        char *q = p;
        while (*p && !nasm_isspace(*p))
            p++;
        if (*p)
            *p++ = '\0';
        while (*p && nasm_isspace(*p))
            p++;

        if (!nasm_stricmp(q, "code") || !nasm_stricmp(q, "text")) {
            flags = TEXT_FLAGS;
        } else if (!nasm_stricmp(q, "data")) {
            flags = DATA_FLAGS;
        } else if (!nasm_stricmp(q, "rdata")) {
            if (win32 | win64)
                flags = RDATA_FLAGS;
            else {
                flags = DATA_FLAGS;     /* gotta do something */
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "standard COFF does not support"
                      " read-only data sections");
            }
        } else if (!nasm_stricmp(q, "bss")) {
            flags = BSS_FLAGS;
        } else if (!nasm_stricmp(q, "info")) {
            if (win32 | win64)
                flags = INFO_FLAGS;
            else {
                flags = DATA_FLAGS;     /* gotta do something */
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "standard COFF does not support"
                      " informational sections");
            }
        } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(q, "align=", 6)) {
            if (!(win32 | win64))
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "standard COFF does not support"
                      " section alignment specification");
            else {
                if (q[6 + strspn(q + 6, "0123456789")])
                    error(ERR_NONFATAL,
                          "argument to `align' is not numeric");
                else {
                    unsigned int align = atoi(q + 6);
                    if (!align || ((align - 1) & align))
                        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "argument to `align' is not a"
                              " power of two");
                    else if (align > 64)
                        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "Win32 cannot align sections"
                              " to better than 64-byte boundaries");
                    else {
                        align_and = ~0x00F00000L;
                        align_or = (align == 1 ? 0x00100000L :
                                    align == 2 ? 0x00200000L :
                                    align == 4 ? 0x00300000L :
                                    align == 8 ? 0x00400000L :
                                    align == 16 ? 0x00500000L :
                                    align ==
                                    32 ? 0x00600000L : 0x00700000L);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)
        if (!strcmp(name, sects[i]->name))
            break;
    if (i == nsects) {
        if (!flags) {
            if (!strcmp(name, ".data"))
                flags = DATA_FLAGS;
            else if (!strcmp(name, ".rdata"))
                flags = RDATA_FLAGS;
            else if (!strcmp(name, ".bss"))
                flags = BSS_FLAGS;
            else if (win64 && !strcmp(name, ".pdata"))
                flags = 0x40300040; /* rdata align=4 */
            else if (win64 && !strcmp(name, ".xdata"))
                flags = 0x40400040; /* rdate align=8 */
            else
                flags = TEXT_FLAGS;
        }
        i = coff_make_section(name, flags);
        if (flags)
            sects[i]->flags = flags;
        sects[i]->flags &= align_and;
        sects[i]->flags |= align_or;
    } else if (pass == 1) {
        if (flags)
            error(ERR_WARNING, "section attributes ignored on"
                  " redeclaration of section `%s'", name);
    }

    return sects[i]->index;
}

static void coff_deflabel(char *name, int32_t segment, int64_t offset,
                          int is_global, char *special)
{
    int pos = strslen + 4;
    struct Symbol *sym;

    if (special)
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary format does not support any"
              " special symbol types");

    if (name[0] == '.' && name[1] == '.' && name[2] != '@') {
        if (strcmp(name,WRT_IMAGEBASE))
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "unrecognized special symbol `%s'", name);
        return;
    }

    if (strlen(name) > 8) {
        size_t nlen = strlen(name)+1;
        saa_wbytes(strs, name, nlen);
        strslen += nlen;
    } else
        pos = -1;

    sym = saa_wstruct(syms);

    sym->strpos = pos;
    sym->namlen = strlen(name);
    if (pos == -1)
        strcpy(sym->name, name);
    sym->is_global = !!is_global;
    sym->type = 0;              /* Default to T_NULL (no type) */
    if (segment == NO_SEG)
        sym->section = -1;      /* absolute symbol */
    else {
        int i;
        sym->section = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)
            if (segment == sects[i]->index) {
                sym->section = i + 1;
                break;
            }
        if (!sym->section)
            sym->is_global = true;
    }
    if (is_global == 2)
        sym->value = offset;
    else
        sym->value = (sym->section == 0 ? 0 : offset);

    /*
     * define the references from external-symbol segment numbers
     * to these symbol records.
     */
    if (sym->section == 0) {
        bsym = raa_write(bsym, segment, nsyms);
    }

    if (segment != NO_SEG)
        symval = raa_write(symval, segment, sym->section ? 0 : sym->value);

    nsyms++;
}

static int32_t coff_add_reloc(struct Section *sect, int32_t segment,
                                int16_t type)
{
    struct Reloc *r;

    r = *sect->tail = nasm_malloc(sizeof(struct Reloc));
    sect->tail = &r->next;
    r->next = NULL;

    r->address = sect->len;
    if (segment == NO_SEG)
        r->symbol = 0, r->symbase = ABS_SYMBOL;
    else {
        int i;
        r->symbase = REAL_SYMBOLS;
        for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)
            if (segment == sects[i]->index) {
                r->symbol = i * 2;
                r->symbase = SECT_SYMBOLS;
                break;
            }
        if (r->symbase == REAL_SYMBOLS)
            r->symbol = raa_read(bsym, segment);
    }
    r->type = type;

    sect->nrelocs++;

    /*
     * Return the fixup for standard COFF common variables.
     */
    if (r->symbase == REAL_SYMBOLS && !(win32 | win64))
        return raa_read(symval, segment);
    else
        return 0;
}

static void coff_out(int32_t segto, const void *data,
                     enum out_type type, uint64_t size,
                     int32_t segment, int32_t wrt)
{
    struct Section *s;
    uint8_t mydata[8], *p;
    int i;

    if (wrt != NO_SEG && !win64) {
        wrt = NO_SEG;           /* continue to do _something_ */
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "WRT not supported by COFF output formats");
    }

    /*
     * handle absolute-assembly (structure definitions)
     */
    if (segto == NO_SEG) {
        if (type != OUT_RESERVE)
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "attempt to assemble code in [ABSOLUTE]"
                  " space");
        return;
    }

    s = NULL;
    for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)
        if (segto == sects[i]->index) {
            s = sects[i];
            break;
        }
    if (!s) {
        int tempint;            /* ignored */
        if (segto != coff_section_names(".text", 2, &tempint))
            error(ERR_PANIC, "strange segment conditions in COFF driver");
        else
            s = sects[nsects - 1];
    }

    /* magically default to 'wrt ..imagebase' in .pdata and .xdata */
    if (win64 && wrt == NO_SEG &&
        (!strcmp(s->name,".pdata") || !strcmp(s->name,".xdata")))
        wrt = imagebase_sect;

    if (!s->data && type != OUT_RESERVE) {
        error(ERR_WARNING, "attempt to initialize memory in"
              " BSS section `%s': ignored", s->name);
        s->len += realsize(type, size);
        return;
    }

    if (type == OUT_RESERVE) {
        if (s->data) {
            error(ERR_WARNING, "uninitialised space declared in"
                  " non-BSS section `%s': zeroing", s->name);
            coff_sect_write(s, NULL, size);
        } else
            s->len += size;
    } else if (type == OUT_RAWDATA) {
        if (segment != NO_SEG)
            error(ERR_PANIC, "OUT_RAWDATA with other than NO_SEG");
        coff_sect_write(s, data, size);
    } else if (type == OUT_ADDRESS) {
        if (!(win64)) {
            if (size != 4 && (segment != NO_SEG || wrt != NO_SEG))
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "COFF format does not support non-32-bit"
                      " relocations");
            else {
                int32_t fix = 0;
                if (segment != NO_SEG || wrt != NO_SEG) {
                    if (wrt != NO_SEG) {
                        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "COFF format does not support"
                              " WRT types");
                    } else if (segment % 2) {
                        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "COFF format does not support"
                              " segment base references");
                    } else
                        fix = coff_add_reloc(s, segment, IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32);
                }
                p = mydata;
                WRITELONG(p, *(int64_t *)data + fix);
                coff_sect_write(s, mydata, size);
            }
        } else {
            int32_t fix = 0;
            p = mydata;
            if (size == 8) {
                if (wrt == imagebase_sect) {
                    error(ERR_NONFATAL, "operand size mismatch: 'wrt "
                        WRT_IMAGEBASE "' is a 32-bit operand");
                }
                fix = coff_add_reloc(s, segment, IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR64);
                WRITEDLONG(p, *(int64_t *)data + fix);
                coff_sect_write(s, mydata, size);
            } else {
                fix = coff_add_reloc(s, segment,
                        wrt == imagebase_sect ? IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR32NB:
                                                IMAGE_REL_AMD64_ADDR32);
                WRITELONG(p, *(int64_t *)data + fix);
                coff_sect_write(s, mydata, size);
            }
        }
    } else if (type == OUT_REL2ADR) {
        error(ERR_NONFATAL, "COFF format does not support 16-bit"
              " relocations");
    } else if (type == OUT_REL4ADR) {
        if (segment == segto && !(win64))  /* Acceptable for RIP-relative */
            error(ERR_PANIC, "intra-segment OUT_REL4ADR");
        else if (segment == NO_SEG && win32)
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "Win32 COFF does not correctly support"
                  " relative references to absolute addresses");
        else {
            int32_t fix = 0;
            if (segment != NO_SEG && segment % 2) {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL, "COFF format does not support"
                      " segment base references");
            } else
                fix = coff_add_reloc(s, segment,
                        win64 ? IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 : IMAGE_REL_I386_REL32);
            p = mydata;
            if (win32 | win64) {
                WRITELONG(p, *(int64_t *)data + 4 - size + fix);
            } else {
                WRITELONG(p, *(int64_t *)data - (size + s->len) + fix);
            }
            coff_sect_write(s, mydata, 4L);
        }

    }
}

static void coff_sect_write(struct Section *sect,
                            const uint8_t *data, uint32_t len)
{
    saa_wbytes(sect->data, data, len);
    sect->len += len;
}

typedef struct tagString {
    struct tagString *Next;
    int len;
    char *String;
} STRING;

#define EXPORT_SECTION_NAME ".drectve"
#define EXPORT_SECTION_FLAGS INFO_FLAGS
/*
#define EXPORT_SECTION_NAME ".text"
#define EXPORT_SECTION_FLAGS TEXT_FLAGS
*/

static STRING *Exports = NULL;
static struct Section *directive_sec;
void AddExport(char *name)
{
    STRING *rvp = Exports, *newS;

    newS = (STRING *) nasm_malloc(sizeof(STRING));
    newS->len = strlen(name);
    newS->Next = NULL;
    newS->String = (char *)nasm_malloc(newS->len + 1);
    strcpy(newS->String, name);
    if (rvp == NULL) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)

            if (!strcmp(EXPORT_SECTION_NAME, sects[i]->name))
                break;
        if (i == nsects)
            directive_sec =
                sects[coff_make_section
                      (EXPORT_SECTION_NAME, EXPORT_SECTION_FLAGS)];
        else
            directive_sec = sects[i];
        Exports = newS;
    } else {
        while (rvp->Next) {
            if (!strcmp(rvp->String, name))
                return;
            rvp = rvp->Next;
        }
        rvp->Next = newS;
    }
}

void BuildExportTable(void)
{
    STRING *rvp = Exports, *next;
    uint8_t buf[256];
    int len;
    if (rvp == NULL)
        return;
    while (rvp) {
        len = sprintf((char *)buf, "-export:%s ", rvp->String);
        coff_sect_write(directive_sec, buf, len);
        rvp = rvp->Next;
    }

    next = Exports;
    while ((rvp = next)) {
        next = rvp->Next;
        nasm_free(rvp->String);
        nasm_free(rvp);
    }
    Exports = NULL;
}

static int coff_directives(char *directive, char *value, int pass)
{
    if (!strcmp(directive, "export")) {
        char *q, *name;

        if (pass == 2)
            return 1;           /* ignore in pass two */
        name = q = value;
        while (*q && !nasm_isspace(*q))
            q++;
        if (nasm_isspace(*q)) {
            *q++ = '\0';
            while (*q && nasm_isspace(*q))
                q++;
        }

        if (!*name) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`export' directive requires export name");
            return 1;
        }
        if (*q) {
            error(ERR_NONFATAL, "unrecognized export qualifier `%s'", q);
            return 1;
        }
        AddExport(name);
        return 1;
    } else if (win32 && !strcmp(directive,"safeseh")) {
        static int sxseg=-1;
        int i;
        if (sxseg==-1)
        {   for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)
                if (!strcmp(".sxdata",sects[i]->name))
                    break;
            if (i == nsects)
                sxseg = coff_make_section(".sxdata",0x200);
            else
                sxseg = i;
        }
        /* pass0 == 2 is the only time when the full set of symbols are
           guaranteed to be present; it is the final output pass. */
        if (pass0 == 2) {
            uint32_t n;
            saa_rewind(syms);
            for (n = 0; n < nsyms; n++) {
                struct Symbol *sym = saa_rstruct(syms);
                bool equals;

                /* sym->strpos is biased by 4, because symbol
                 * table is prefixed with table length */
                if (sym->strpos >=4) {
                    char *name = nasm_malloc(sym->namlen+1);
                    saa_fread(strs, sym->strpos-4, name, sym->namlen);
                    name[sym->namlen] = '\0';
                    equals = !strcmp(value,name);
                    nasm_free(name);
                }
                else
                    equals = !strcmp(value,sym->name);

                if (equals) {
                    /* this value arithmetics effectively reflects
                     * initsym in coff_write(): 2 for file, 1 for
                     * .absolute and two per each section */
                    unsigned char value[4],*p=value;
                    WRITELONG(p,n + 2 + 1 + nsects*2);
                    coff_sect_write(sects[sxseg],value,4);
                    sym->type = 0x20;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (n == nsyms) {
                error(ERR_NONFATAL,
                      "`safeseh' directive requires valid symbol");
            }
        }
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void coff_write(void)
{
    int32_t pos, sympos, vsize;
    int i;

    BuildExportTable();         /* fill in the .drectve section with -export's */

    if (win32) {
        /* add default value for @feat.00, this allows to 'link /safeseh' */
        uint32_t n;

        saa_rewind(syms);
        for (n = 0; n < nsyms; n++) {
            struct Symbol *sym = saa_rstruct(syms);
            if (sym->strpos == -1 && !strcmp("@feat.00",sym->name))
                break;
        }
        if (n == nsyms)
            coff_deflabel("@feat.00",NO_SEG,1,0,NULL);
    }

    /*
     * Work out how big the file will get. Calculate the start of
     * the `real' symbols at the same time.
     */
    pos = 0x14 + 0x28 * nsects;
    initsym = 3;                /* two for the file, one absolute */
    for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++) {
        if (sects[i]->data) {
            sects[i]->pos = pos;
            pos += sects[i]->len;
            sects[i]->relpos = pos;
            pos += 10 * sects[i]->nrelocs;
        } else
            sects[i]->pos = sects[i]->relpos = 0L;
        initsym += 2;           /* two for each section */
    }
    sympos = pos;

    /*
     * Output the COFF header.
     */
    if (win64)
        fwriteint16_t(0x8664, coffp);  /* MACHINE_x86-64 */
    else
        fwriteint16_t(0x014C, coffp);  /* MACHINE_i386 */
    fwriteint16_t(nsects, coffp); /* number of sections */
    fwriteint32_t(time(NULL), coffp);      /* time stamp */
    fwriteint32_t(sympos, coffp);
    fwriteint32_t(nsyms + initsym, coffp);
    fwriteint16_t(0, coffp);      /* no optional header */
    /* Flags: 32-bit, no line numbers. Win32 doesn't even bother with them. */
    fwriteint16_t((win32 | win64) ? 0 : 0x104, coffp);

    /*
     * Output the section headers.
     */
    vsize = 0L;
    for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++) {
        coff_section_header(sects[i]->name, vsize, sects[i]->len,
                            sects[i]->pos, sects[i]->relpos,
                            sects[i]->nrelocs, sects[i]->flags);
        vsize += sects[i]->len;
    }

    /*
     * Output the sections and their relocations.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < nsects; i++)
        if (sects[i]->data) {
            saa_fpwrite(sects[i]->data, coffp);
            coff_write_relocs(sects[i]);
        }

    /*
     * Output the symbol and string tables.
     */
    coff_write_symbols();
    fwriteint32_t(strslen + 4, coffp);     /* length includes length count */
    saa_fpwrite(strs, coffp);
}

static void coff_section_header(char *name, int32_t vsize,
                                int32_t datalen, int32_t datapos,
                                int32_t relpos, int nrelocs, int32_t flags)
{
    char padname[8];

    (void)vsize;

    memset(padname, 0, 8);
    strncpy(padname, name, 8);
    fwrite(padname, 8, 1, coffp);
    fwriteint32_t(0, coffp);    /* Virtual size field - set to 0 or vsize */
    fwriteint32_t(0L, coffp);      /* RVA/offset - we ignore */
    fwriteint32_t(datalen, coffp);
    fwriteint32_t(datapos, coffp);
    fwriteint32_t(relpos, coffp);
    fwriteint32_t(0L, coffp);      /* no line numbers - we don't do 'em */
    fwriteint16_t(nrelocs, coffp);
    fwriteint16_t(0, coffp);      /* again, no line numbers */
    fwriteint32_t(flags, coffp);
}

static void coff_write_relocs(struct Section *s)
{
    struct Reloc *r;

    for (r = s->head; r; r = r->next) {
        fwriteint32_t(r->address, coffp);
        fwriteint32_t(r->symbol + (r->symbase == REAL_SYMBOLS ? initsym :
                                r->symbase == ABS_SYMBOL ? initsym - 1 :
                                r->symbase == SECT_SYMBOLS ? 2 : 0),
                   coffp);
        fwriteint16_t(r->type, coffp);
    }
}

static void coff_symbol(char *name, int32_t strpos, int32_t value,
                        int section, int type, int storageclass, int aux)
{
    char padname[8];

    if (name) {
        memset(padname, 0, 8);
        strncpy(padname, name, 8);
        fwrite(padname, 8, 1, coffp);
    } else {
        fwriteint32_t(0, coffp);
        fwriteint32_t(strpos, coffp);
    }
    fwriteint32_t(value, coffp);
    fwriteint16_t(section, coffp);
    fwriteint16_t(type, coffp);
    fputc(storageclass, coffp);
    fputc(aux, coffp);
}

static void coff_write_symbols(void)
{
    char filename[18];
    uint32_t i;

    /*
     * The `.file' record, and the file name auxiliary record.
     */
    coff_symbol(".file", 0L, 0L, -2, 0, 0x67, 1);
    memset(filename, 0, 18);
    strncpy(filename, coff_infile, 18);
    fwrite(filename, 18, 1, coffp);

    /*
     * The section records, with their auxiliaries.
     */
    memset(filename, 0, 18);    /* useful zeroed buffer */

    for (i = 0; i < (uint32_t) nsects; i++) {
        coff_symbol(sects[i]->name, 0L, 0L, i + 1, 0, 3, 1);
        fwriteint32_t(sects[i]->len, coffp);
        fwriteint16_t(sects[i]->nrelocs, coffp);
        fwrite(filename, 12, 1, coffp);
    }

    /*
     * The absolute symbol, for relative-to-absolute relocations.
     */
    coff_symbol(".absolut", 0L, 0L, -1, 0, 3, 0);

    /*
     * The real symbols.
     */
    saa_rewind(syms);
    for (i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
        struct Symbol *sym = saa_rstruct(syms);
        coff_symbol(sym->strpos == -1 ? sym->name : NULL,
                    sym->strpos, sym->value, sym->section,
                    sym->type, sym->is_global ? 2 : 3, 0);
    }
}

static int32_t coff_segbase(int32_t segment)
{
    return segment;
}

static void coff_std_filename(char *inname, char *outname, efunc error)
{
    strcpy(coff_infile, inname);
    standard_extension(inname, outname, ".o", error);
}

static void coff_win32_filename(char *inname, char *outname, efunc error)
{
    strcpy(coff_infile, inname);
    standard_extension(inname, outname, ".obj", error);
}

extern macros_t coff_stdmac[];

static int coff_set_info(enum geninfo type, char **val)
{
    (void)type;
    (void)val;
    return 0;
}
#endif                          /* defined(OF_COFF) || defined(OF_WIN32) */

#ifdef OF_COFF

struct ofmt of_coff = {
    "COFF (i386) object files (e.g. DJGPP for DOS)",
    "coff",
    NULL,
    null_debug_arr,
    &null_debug_form,
    coff_stdmac,
    coff_std_init,
    coff_set_info,
    coff_out,
    coff_deflabel,
    coff_section_names,
    coff_segbase,
    coff_directives,
    coff_std_filename,
    coff_cleanup
};

#endif

#ifdef OF_WIN32

struct ofmt of_win32 = {
    "Microsoft Win32 (i386) object files",
    "win32",
    NULL,
    null_debug_arr,
    &null_debug_form,
    coff_stdmac,
    coff_win32_init,
    coff_set_info,
    coff_out,
    coff_deflabel,
    coff_section_names,
    coff_segbase,
    coff_directives,
    coff_win32_filename,
    coff_cleanup
};

#endif

#ifdef OF_WIN64

struct ofmt of_win64 = {
    "Microsoft Win64 (x86-64) object files",
    "win64",
    NULL,
    null_debug_arr,
    &null_debug_form,
    coff_stdmac,
    coff_win64_init,
    coff_set_info,
    coff_out,
    coff_deflabel,
    coff_section_names,
    coff_segbase,
    coff_directives,
    coff_win32_filename,
    coff_cleanup
};

#endif