1 *digraph.txt* For Vim version 5.8. Last change: 1999 Sep 17
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
7 Digraphs *digraphs* *Digraphs*
9 Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by
10 an ordinary keyboard. These are mostly accented characters which have the
11 eighth bit set. The digraphs are easier to remember than the decimal number
12 that can be entered with CTRL-V (see |i_CTRL-V|).
14 1. Defining digraphs |digraphs-define|
15 2. Using digraphs |digraphs-use|
16 3. Default digraphs |digraphs-default|
18 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
20 ==============================================================================
21 1. Defining digraphs *digraphs-define*
24 :dig[raphs] show currently defined digraphs.
26 :dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ...
27 Add digraph {char1}{char2} to the list. {number} is
28 the decimal representation of the character.
30 Vim is normally compiled with the |+digraphs| feature. If the feature is
31 disabled, the ":digraph" command will display an error message.
33 ==============================================================================
34 2. Using digraphs *digraphs-use*
36 There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph*
37 CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or
39 The first is always available; the second only when the 'digraph' option is
42 If a digraph with {char1}{char2} does not exist, Vim searches for a digraph
43 {char2}{char1}. This helps when you don't remember which character comes
46 Note that when you enter CTRL-K {char1}, where {char1} is a special key, Vim
47 enters the code for that special key. This is not a digraph.
49 Once you have entered the digraph, Vim treats the character like a normal
50 character that occupies only one character in the file and on the screen.
52 > '|' <BS> '|' will enter the double '|' character (166)
53 > 'a' <BS> '^' will enter an 'a' with a hat (226)
54 > CTRL-K '-' '-' will enter a minus sign (173)
56 The default digraphs are listed below |digraph-table| along with those for
57 several specific systems. With the wrong character set, they will look
60 For CTRL-K, there is one general digraph: CTRL-K <Space> {char} will enter
61 {char} with the highest bit set. You can use this to enter meta-characters.
63 The <Esc> character cannot be part of a digraph. When hitting <Esc>, Vim
64 stops digraph entry and ends Insert mode or Command-line mode, just like
65 hitting an <Esc> out of digraph context.
67 If you accidentally typed an 'a' that should be an 'e', you will type 'a' <BS>
68 'e'. But that is a digraph, so you will not get what you want. To correct
69 this, you will have to type <BS> e again. To avoid this don't set the
70 'digraph' option and use CTRL-K to enter digraphs.
72 You may have problems using Vim with characters which have an ASCII value
73 above 128. For example: You insert ue (u-umlaut) and the editor echoes \334
74 in Insert mode. After leaving the Insert mode everything is fine. Note that
75 fmt removes all characters with ASCII codes above 128 from the text being
76 formated. On some Unix systems this means you have to define the
77 environment-variable LC_CTYPE. If you are using csh, then put the following
79 > setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1
81 ==============================================================================
82 3. Default digraphs *digraphs-default*
84 These are the default digraph characters for Vim.
86 Besides the digraphs listed below, you can enter meta characters with CTRL-K
87 <Space> {char}. You cannot use <Esc> for {char}, so use CTRL-V 155 to
90 The first two characters in each column are the characters you have to type to
93 In the middle of each column is the resulting character. This table may be
94 mangled if you look at it on a system that does not support digraphs or if you
97 The decimal number is the ASCII code for the character.
100 Default digraphs for machines that are not mentioned below:
101 ~! ¡ 161 c| ¢ 162 $$ £ 163 ox ¤ 164 Y- ¥ 165 || ¦ 166 pa § 167
102 "" ¨ 168 cO © 169 a- ª 170 << « 171 -, ¬ 172 -- 173 rO ® 174
103 -= ¯ 175 ~o ° 176 +- ± 177 22 ² 178 33 ³ 179 '' ´ 180 ju µ 181
104 pp ¶ 182 ~. · 183 ,, ¸ 184 11 ¹ 185 o- º 186 >> » 187 14 ¼ 188
105 12 ½ 189 34 ¾ 190 ~? ¿ 191 A` À 192 A' Á 193 A^ Â 194 A~ Ã 195
106 A" Ä 196 A@ Å 197 AA Å 197 AE Æ 198 C, Ç 199 E` È 200 E' É 201
107 E^ Ê 202 E" Ë 203 I` Ì 204 I' Í 205 I^ Î 206 I" Ï 207 D- Ð 208
108 N~ Ñ 209 O` Ò 210 O' Ó 211 O^ Ô 212 O~ Õ 213 O" Ö 214 /\ × 215
109 O/ Ø 216 U` Ù 217 U' Ú 218 U^ Û 219 U" Ü 220 Y' Ý 221 Ip Þ 222
110 ss ß 223 a` à 224 a' á 225 a^ â 226 a~ ã 227 a" ä 228 a@ å 229
111 aa å 229 ae æ 230 c, ç 231 e` è 232 e' é 233 e^ ê 234 e" ë 235
112 i` ì 236 i' í 237 i^ î 238 i" ï 239 d- ð 240 n~ ñ 241 o` ò 242
113 o' ó 243 o^ ô 244 o~ õ 245 o" ö 246 :- ÷ 247 o/ ø 248 u` ù 249
114 u' ú 250 u^ û 251 u" ü 252 y' ý 253 ip þ 254 y" ÿ 255
117 Default digraphs for some HPUX machines:
118 A` ¡ 161 A^ ¢ 162 E` £ 163 E^ ¤ 164 E" ¥ 165 I^ ¦ 166 I" § 167
119 '' ¨ 168 `` © 169 ^^ ª 170 "" « 171 ~~ ¬ 172 U` 173 U^ ® 174
120 L= ¯ 175 ~_ ° 176 Y' ± 177 y' ² 178 ~o ³ 179 C, ´ 180 c, µ 181
121 N~ ¶ 182 n~ · 183 ~! ¸ 184 ~? ¹ 185 ox º 186 L- » 187 Y= ¼ 188
122 pp ½ 189 fl ¾ 190 c| ¿ 191 a^ À 192 e^ Á 193 o^ Â 194 u^ Ã 195
123 a' Ä 196 e' Å 197 o' Æ 198 u' Ç 199 a` È 200 e` É 201 o` Ê 202
124 u` Ë 203 a" Ì 204 e" Í 205 o" Î 206 u" Ï 207 Ao Ð 208 i^ Ñ 209
125 O/ Ò 210 AE Ó 211 ao Ô 212 i' Õ 213 o/ Ö 214 ae × 215 A" Ø 216
126 i` Ù 217 O" Ú 218 U" Û 219 E' Ü 220 i" Ý 221 ss Þ 222 O^ ß 223
127 A' à 224 A~ á 225 a~ â 226 D- ã 227 d- ä 228 I' å 229 I` æ 230
128 O' ç 231 O` è 232 O~ é 233 o~ ê 234 S~ ë 235 s~ ì 236 U' í 237
129 Y" î 238 y" ï 239 p- ð 240 p~ ñ 241 ~. ò 242 ju ó 243 Pp ô 244
130 34 õ 245 -- ö 246 14 ÷ 247 12 ø 248 a_ ù 249 o_ ú 250 << û 251
131 xx ü 252 >> ý 253 +- þ 254 nu ÿ 255
134 Default digraphs on MS-DOS, OS/2 and Win32-console:
135 C, € 128 u" � 129 e' ‚ 130 a^ ƒ 131 a" „ 132 a` … 133 a@ † 134
136 c, ‡ 135 e^ ˆ 136 e" ‰ 137 e` Š 138 i" ‹ 139 i^ Œ 140 i` � 141
137 A" Ž 142 A@ � 143 E' � 144 ae ‘ 145 AE ’ 146 o^ “ 147 o" ” 148
138 o` • 149 u^ – 150 u` — 151 y" ˜ 152 O" ™ 153 U" š 154 c| › 155
139 $$ œ 156 Y- � 157 Pt ž 158 ff Ÿ 159 a' 160 i' ¡ 161 o' ¢ 162
140 u' £ 163 n~ ¤ 164 N~ ¥ 165 aa ¦ 166 oo § 167 ~? ¨ 168 -a © 169
141 a- ª 170 12 « 171 14 ¬ 172 ~! 173 << ® 174 >> ¯ 175 ss á 225
142 ju æ 230 o/ í 237 +- ñ 241 >= ò 242 <= ó 243 :- ö 246 ~~ ÷ 247
146 Default digraphs for MiNT:
147 C, € 128 u" � 129 e' ‚ 130 a^ ƒ 131 a" „ 132 a` … 133 a@ † 134
148 c, ‡ 135 e^ ˆ 136 e" ‰ 137 e` Š 138 i" ‹ 139 i^ Œ 140 i` � 141
149 A" Ž 142 A@ � 143 E' � 144 ae ‘ 145 AE ’ 146 o^ “ 147 o" ” 148
150 o` • 149 u^ – 150 u` — 151 y" ˜ 152 O" ™ 153 U" š 154 c| › 155
151 $$ œ 156 Y- � 157 ss ž 158 ff Ÿ 159 a' 160 i' ¡ 161 o' ¢ 162
152 u' £ 163 n~ ¤ 164 N~ ¥ 165 aa ¦ 166 oo § 167 ~? ¨ 168 -a © 169
153 a- ª 170 12 « 171 14 ¬ 172 ~! 173 << ® 174 >> ¯ 175 ju æ 230
154 o/ í 237 +- ñ 241 >= ò 242 <= ó 243 :- ö 246 ~~ ÷ 247 ~o ø 248