lib/perl5/5.8.8/msys/Unicode/Normalize.pm

   1 package Unicode::Normalize;
   2
   3 BEGIN {
   4     unless ("A" eq pack('U', 0x41)) {
   5         die "Unicode::Normalize cannot stringify a Unicode code point\n";
   6     }
   7 }
   8
   9 use 5.006;
  10 use strict;
  11 use warnings;
  12 use Carp;
  13
  14 no warnings 'utf8';
  15
  16 our $VERSION = '0.32';
  17 our $PACKAGE = __PACKAGE__;
  18
  19 require Exporter;
  20 require DynaLoader;
  21
  22 our @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
  23 our @EXPORT = qw( NFC NFD NFKC NFKD );
  24 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
  25     normalize decompose reorder compose
  26     checkNFD checkNFKD checkNFC checkNFKC check
  27     getCanon getCompat getComposite getCombinClass
  28     isExclusion isSingleton isNonStDecomp isComp2nd isComp_Ex
  29     isNFD_NO isNFC_NO isNFC_MAYBE isNFKD_NO isNFKC_NO isNFKC_MAYBE
  30     FCD checkFCD FCC checkFCC composeContiguous
  31     splitOnLastStarter
  32 );
  33 our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
  34     all       => [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK ],
  35     normalize => [ @EXPORT, qw/normalize decompose reorder compose/ ],
  36     check     => [ qw/checkNFD checkNFKD checkNFC checkNFKC check/ ],
  37     fast      => [ qw/FCD checkFCD FCC checkFCC composeContiguous/ ],
  38 );
  39
  40 ######
  41
  42 bootstrap Unicode::Normalize $VERSION;
  43
  44 ######
  45
  46 sub pack_U {
  47     return pack('U*', @_);
  48 }
  49
  50 sub unpack_U {
  51     return unpack('U*', pack('U*').shift);
  52 }
  53
  54
  55 ##
  56 ## normalization forms
  57 ##
  58
  59 use constant COMPAT => 1;
  60
  61 sub NFD  ($) { reorder(decompose($_[0])) }
  62 sub NFKD ($) { reorder(decompose($_[0], COMPAT)) }
  63 sub NFC  ($) { compose(reorder(decompose($_[0]))) }
  64 sub NFKC ($) { compose(reorder(decompose($_[0], COMPAT))) }
  65
  66 sub FCD ($) {
  67     my $str = shift;
  68     return checkFCD($str) ? $str : NFD($str);
  69 }
  70 sub FCC ($) { composeContiguous(reorder(decompose($_[0]))) }
  71
  72 our %formNorm = (
  73     NFC  => \&NFC,      C  => \&NFC,
  74     NFD  => \&NFD,      D  => \&NFD,
  75     NFKC => \&NFKC,     KC => \&NFKC,
  76     NFKD => \&NFKD,     KD => \&NFKD,
  77     FCD  => \&FCD,      FCC => \&FCC,
  78 );
  79
  80 sub normalize($$)
  81 {
  82     my $form = shift;
  83     my $str = shift;
  84     return exists $formNorm{$form}
  85         ? $formNorm{$form}->($str)
  86         : croak $PACKAGE."::normalize: invalid form name: $form";
  87 }
  88
  89
  90 ##
  91 ## quick check
  92 ##
  93
  94 our %formCheck = (
  95     NFC  => \&checkNFC,         C  => \&checkNFC,
  96     NFD  => \&checkNFD,         D  => \&checkNFD,
  97     NFKC => \&checkNFKC,        KC => \&checkNFKC,
  98     NFKD => \&checkNFKD,        KD => \&checkNFKD,
  99     FCD  => \&checkFCD,         FCC => \&checkFCC,
 100 );
 101
 102 sub check($$)
 103 {
 104     my $form = shift;
 105     my $str = shift;
 106     return exists $formCheck{$form}
 107         ? $formCheck{$form}->($str)
 108         : croak $PACKAGE."::check: invalid form name: $form";
 109 }
 110
 111 1;
 112 __END__
 113
 114 =head1 NAME
 115
 116 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
 117
 118 =head1 SYNOPSIS
 119
 120 (1) using function names exported by default:
 121
 122   use Unicode::Normalize;
 123
 124   $NFD_string  = NFD($string);  # Normalization Form D
 125   $NFC_string  = NFC($string);  # Normalization Form C
 126   $NFKD_string = NFKD($string); # Normalization Form KD
 127   $NFKC_string = NFKC($string); # Normalization Form KC
 128
 129 (2) using function names exported on request:
 130
 131   use Unicode::Normalize 'normalize';
 132
 133   $NFD_string  = normalize('D',  $string);  # Normalization Form D
 134   $NFC_string  = normalize('C',  $string);  # Normalization Form C
 135   $NFKD_string = normalize('KD', $string);  # Normalization Form KD
 136   $NFKC_string = normalize('KC', $string);  # Normalization Form KC
 137
 138 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 139
 140 Parameters:
 141
 142 C<$string> is used as a string under character semantics
 143 (see F<perlunicode>).
 144
 145 C<$codepoint> should be an unsigned integer
 146 representing a Unicode code point.
 147
 148 Note: Between XSUB and pure Perl, there is an incompatibility
 149 about the interpretation of C<$codepoint> as a decimal number.
 150 XSUB converts C<$codepoint> to an unsigned integer, but pure Perl does not.
 151 Do not use a floating point nor a negative sign in C<$codepoint>.
 152
 153 =head2 Normalization Forms
 154
 155 =over 4
 156
 157 =item C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>
 158
 159 returns the Normalization Form D (formed by canonical decomposition).
 160
 161 =item C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>
 162
 163 returns the Normalization Form C (formed by canonical decomposition
 164 followed by canonical composition).
 165
 166 =item C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>
 167
 168 returns the Normalization Form KD (formed by compatibility decomposition).
 169
 170 =item C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>
 171
 172 returns the Normalization Form KC (formed by compatibility decomposition
 173 followed by B<canonical> composition).
 174
 175 =item C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>
 176
 177 If the given string is in FCD ("Fast C or D" form; cf. UTN #5),
 178 returns it without modification; otherwise returns an FCD string.
 179
 180 Note: FCD is not always unique, then plural forms may be equivalent
 181 each other. C<FCD()> will return one of these equivalent forms.
 182
 183 =item C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>
 184
 185 returns the FCC form ("Fast C Contiguous"; cf. UTN #5).
 186
 187 Note: FCC is unique, as well as four normalization forms (NF*).
 188
 189 =item C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
 190
 191 As C<$form_name>, one of the following names must be given.
 192
 193   'C'  or 'NFC'  for Normalization Form C  (UAX #15)
 194   'D'  or 'NFD'  for Normalization Form D  (UAX #15)
 195   'KC' or 'NFKC' for Normalization Form KC (UAX #15)
 196   'KD' or 'NFKD' for Normalization Form KD (UAX #15)
 197
 198   'FCD'          for "Fast C or D" Form  (UTN #5)
 199   'FCC'          for "Fast C Contiguous" (UTN #5)
 200
 201 =back
 202
 203 =head2 Decomposition and Composition
 204
 205 =over 4
 206
 207 =item C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>
 208
 209 =item C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>
 210
 211 Decomposes the specified string and returns the result.
 212
 213 If the second parameter (a boolean) is omitted or false, decomposes it
 214 using the Canonical Decomposition Mapping.
 215 If true, decomposes it using the Compatibility Decomposition Mapping.
 216
 217 The string returned is not always in NFD/NFKD.
 218 Reordering may be required.
 219
 220     $NFD_string  = reorder(decompose($string));       # eq. to NFD()
 221     $NFKD_string = reorder(decompose($string, TRUE)); # eq. to NFKD()
 222
 223 =item C<$reordered_string  = reorder($string)>
 224
 225 Reorders the combining characters and the like in the canonical ordering
 226 and returns the result.
 227
 228 E.g., when you have a list of NFD/NFKD strings,
 229 you can get the concatenated NFD/NFKD string from them, saying
 230
 231     $concat_NFD  = reorder(join '', @NFD_strings);
 232     $concat_NFKD = reorder(join '', @NFKD_strings);
 233
 234 =item C<$composed_string   = compose($string)>
 235
 236 Returns the string where composable pairs are composed.
 237
 238 E.g., when you have a NFD/NFKD string,
 239 you can get its NFC/NFKC string, saying
 240
 241     $NFC_string  = compose($NFD_string);
 242     $NFKC_string = compose($NFKD_string);
 243
 244 =back
 245
 246 =head2 Quick Check
 247
 248 (see Annex 8, UAX #15; and F<DerivedNormalizationProps.txt>)
 249
 250 The following functions check whether the string is in that normalization form.
 251
 252 The result returned will be:
 253
 254     YES     The string is in that normalization form.
 255     NO      The string is not in that normalization form.
 256     MAYBE   Dubious. Maybe yes, maybe no.
 257
 258 =over 4
 259
 260 =item C<$result = checkNFD($string)>
 261
 262 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>.
 263
 264 =item C<$result = checkNFC($string)>
 265
 266 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
 267 C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.
 268
 269 =item C<$result = checkNFKD($string)>
 270
 271 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>.
 272
 273 =item C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>
 274
 275 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
 276 C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.
 277
 278 =item C<$result = checkFCD($string)>
 279
 280 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>.
 281
 282 =item C<$result = checkFCC($string)>
 283
 284 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
 285 C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.
 286
 287 If a string is not in FCD, it must not be in FCC.
 288 So C<checkFCC($not_FCD_string)> should return C<NO>.
 289
 290 =item C<$result = check($form_name, $string)>
 291
 292 returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
 293 C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.
 294
 295 As C<$form_name>, one of the following names must be given.
 296
 297   'C'  or 'NFC'  for Normalization Form C  (UAX #15)
 298   'D'  or 'NFD'  for Normalization Form D  (UAX #15)
 299   'KC' or 'NFKC' for Normalization Form KC (UAX #15)
 300   'KD' or 'NFKD' for Normalization Form KD (UAX #15)
 301
 302   'FCD'          for "Fast C or D" Form  (UTN #5)
 303   'FCC'          for "Fast C Contiguous" (UTN #5)
 304
 305 =back
 306
 307 B<Note>
 308
 309 In the cases of NFD, NFKD, and FCD, the answer must be
 310 either C<YES> or C<NO>. The answer C<MAYBE> may be returned
 311 in the cases of NFC, NFKC, and FCC.
 312
 313 A C<MAYBE> string should contain at least one combining character
 314 or the like. For example, C<COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT> has
 315 the MAYBE_NFC/MAYBE_NFKC property.
 316
 317 Both C<checkNFC("A\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}")>
 318 and C<checkNFC("B\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}")> will return C<MAYBE>.
 319 C<"A\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}"> is not in NFC
 320 (its NFC is C<"\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE}">),
 321 while C<"B\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}"> is in NFC.
 322
 323 If you want to check exactly, compare the string with its NFC/NFKC/FCC.
 324
 325     if ($string eq NFC($string)) {
 326         # $string is exactly normalized in NFC;
 327     } else {
 328         # $string is not normalized in NFC;
 329     }
 330
 331     if ($string eq NFKC($string)) {
 332         # $string is exactly normalized in NFKC;
 333     } else {
 334         # $string is not normalized in NFKC;
 335     }
 336
 337 =head2 Character Data
 338
 339 These functions are interface of character data used internally.
 340 If you want only to get Unicode normalization forms, you don't need
 341 call them yourself.
 342
 343 =over 4
 344
 345 =item C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>
 346
 347 If the character of the specified codepoint is canonically
 348 decomposable (including Hangul Syllables),
 349 returns the B<completely decomposed> string canonically equivalent to it.
 350
 351 If it is not decomposable, returns C<undef>.
 352
 353 =item C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>
 354
 355 If the character of the specified codepoint is compatibility
 356 decomposable (including Hangul Syllables),
 357 returns the B<completely decomposed> string compatibility equivalent to it.
 358
 359 If it is not decomposable, returns C<undef>.
 360
 361 =item C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>
 362
 363 If two characters here and next (as codepoints) are composable
 364 (including Hangul Jamo/Syllables and Composition Exclusions),
 365 returns the codepoint of the composite.
 366
 367 If they are not composable, returns C<undef>.
 368
 369 =item C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>
 370
 371 Returns the combining class of the character as an integer.
 372
 373 =item C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint)>
 374
 375 Returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint
 376 is a composition exclusion.
 377
 378 =item C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>
 379
 380 Returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint is
 381 a singleton.
 382
 383 =item C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>
 384
 385 Returns a boolean whether the canonical decomposition
 386 of the character of the specified codepoint
 387 is a Non-Starter Decomposition.
 388
 389 =item C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
 390
 391 Returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint
 392 may be composed with the previous one in a certain composition
 393 (including Hangul Compositions, but excluding
 394 Composition Exclusions and Non-Starter Decompositions).
 395
 396 =back
 397
 398 =head1 EXPORT
 399
 400 C<NFC>, C<NFD>, C<NFKC>, C<NFKD>: by default.
 401
 402 C<normalize> and other some functions: on request.
 403
 404 =head1 CAVEATS
 405
 406 =over 4
 407
 408 =item Perl's version vs. Unicode version
 409
 410 Since this module refers to perl core's Unicode database in the directory
 411 F</lib/unicore> (or formerly F</lib/unicode>), the Unicode version of
 412 normalization implemented by this module depends on your perl's version.
 413
 414     perl's version         implemented Unicode version
 415        5.6.1                  3.0.1
 416        5.7.2                  3.1.0
 417        5.7.3                  3.1.1 (same normalized form as that of 3.1.0)
 418        5.8.0                  3.2.0
 419      5.8.1-5.8.3              4.0.0
 420      5.8.4-5.8.6 (latest)     4.0.1 (same normalized form as that of 4.0.0)
 421
 422 =item Correction of decomposition mapping
 423
 424 In older Unicode versions, a small number of characters (all of which are
 425 CJK compatibility ideographs as far as they have been found) may have
 426 an erroneous decomposition mapping (see F<NormalizationCorrections.txt>).
 427 Anyhow, this module will neither refer to F<NormalizationCorrections.txt>
 428 nor provide any specific version of normalization. Therefore this module
 429 running on an older perl with an older Unicode database may use
 430 the erroneous decomposition mapping blindly conforming to the Unicode database.
 431
 432 =item Revised definition of canonical composition
 433
 434 In Unicode 4.1.0, the definition D2 of canonical composition (which
 435 affects NFC and NFKC) has been changed (see Public Review Issue #29
 436 and recent UAX #15). This module has used the newer definition
 437 since the version 0.07 (Oct 31, 2001).
 438 This module does not support normalization according to the older
 439 definition, even if the Unicode version implemented by perl is
 440 lower than 4.1.0.
 441
 442 =back
 443
 444 =head1 AUTHOR
 445
 446 SADAHIRO Tomoyuki <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>
 447
 448 Copyright(C) 2001-2005, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.
 449
 450 This module is free software; you can redistribute it
 451 and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
 452
 453 =head1 SEE ALSO
 454
 455 =over 4
 456
 457 =item http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/
 458
 459 Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
 460
 461 =item http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
 462
 463 Derived Normalization Properties
 464
 465 =item http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt
 466
 467 Normalization Corrections
 468
 469 =item http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html
 470
 471 Public Review Issue #29: Normalization Issue
 472
 473 =item http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
 474
 475 Canonical Equivalence in Applications - UTN #5
 476
 477 =back
 478
 479 =cut