kalzium/src/data/data.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
   2 <kalzium>
   3         <element>
   4                 <number>1</number>
   5                 <name>Hydrogen</name>
   6                 <symbol>H</symbol>
   7                 <weight>1.00794</weight>
   8                 <block>s</block>
   9                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
  10                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
  11                 <date scientist="C. Cavendish">1766</date>
  12                 <biologicalmeaning></biologicalmeaning>
  13                 <group>1</group>
  14                 <electronegativity>2.1</electronegativity>
  15                 <meltingpoint>13.81</meltingpoint>
  16                 <boilingpoint>20.28</boilingpoint>
  17                 <isotope>0:1,007825:99,985;1:2,0141:0,015</isotope>
  18                 <density>0.084</density>
  19                 <ionisationenergy>
  20                         <energy>13.598</energy>
  21                 </ionisationenergy>
  22                 <radius>
  23                         <atomic>37.3</atomic>
  24                 </radius>
  25                 <orbitalstructure>1s1</orbitalstructure>
  26                 <oxydation>+1,(-1)</oxydation>
  27                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
  28         </element>
  29         <element>
  30                 <number>2</number>
  31                 <name>Helium</name>
  32                 <symbol>He</symbol>
  33                 <weight>4.002602</weight>
  34                 <block>p</block>
  35                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
  36                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
  37                 <date scientiest="P. J. Janssen, J. N. Lockyer">1895</date>
  38                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
  39                 <group>8</group>
  40                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
  41                 <meltingpoint>0.95</meltingpoint>
  42                 <boilingpoint>4.216</boilingpoint>
  43                 <density>0.1785</density>
  44                 <ionisationenergy>
  45                         <energy>24.587 </energy>
  46                         <energy>54.417</energy>
  47                 </ionisationenergy>
  48                 <radius>
  49                         <atomic>128</atomic>
  50                 </radius>
  51                 <orbits>1s2</orbits>
  52                 <oxydation>0</oxydation>
  53                 <isotopes>1:3,01603:0,00013;2:4,0026:99,9998</isotopes>
  54                 <family>Noblegas</family>
  55         </element>
  56         <element>
  57                 <number>3</number>
  58                 <name>Lithium</name>
  59                 <symbol>Li</symbol>
  60                 <weight>6.941</weight>
  61                 <block>s</block>
  62                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
  63                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
  64                 <date scientiest="A. Arfvedson">1817</date>
  65                 <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
  66                 <group>1</group>
  67                 <electronegativity>0.98</electronegativity>
  68                 <meltingpoint>453.7</meltingpoint>
  69                 <boilingpoint>1615</boilingpoint>
  70                 <density>0.53</density>
  71                 <ionisationenergy>
  72                         <energy>5.392 </energy>
  73                         <energy>75.980</energy>
  74                 </ionisationenergy>
  75                 <radius>
  76                         <atomic>152</atomic>
  77                 </radius>
  78                 <orbits>1s2 2s1</orbits>
  79                 <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
  80                 <isotopes>3:6,0151:7,5;4:7,016:92,5</isotopes>
  81                 <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
  82         </element>
  83         <element>
  84                 <number>4</number>
  85                 <name>Beryllium</name>
  86                 <symbol>Be</symbol>
  87                 <weight>9.012182</weight>
  88                 <block>s</block>
  89                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
  90                 <aggregation>0 </aggregation>
  91                 <date scientiest="">1798</date>
  92                 <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
  93                 <group>2</group>
  94                 <electronegativity>1.57</electronegativity>
  95                 <meltingpoint>1560</meltingpoint>
  96                 <boilingpoint>3243</boilingpoint>
  97                 <density>1.85</density>
  98                 <ionisationenergy>
  99                         <energy>9.322 </energy>
 100                         <energy>18.211</energy>
 101                 </ionisationenergy>
 102                 <radius>
 103                         <atomic>113.3</atomic>
 104                 </radius>
 105                 <orbits>1s2 2s2</orbits>
 106                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
 107                 <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
 108         </element>
 109         <element>
 110                 <number>5</number>
 111                 <name>Boron</name>
 112                 <symbol>B</symbol>
 113                 <weight>10.811</weight>
 114                 <block>p</block>
 115                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 116                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 117                 <date scientiest="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, Louis Jacques Thenard">1808 </date>
 118                 <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
 119                 <group>3</group>
 120                 <electronegativity>2.04</electronegativity>
 121                 <meltingpoint>2365</meltingpoint>
 122                 <boilingpoint>4275</boilingpoint>
 123                 <density>2.46</density>
 124                 <ionisationenergy>
 125                         <energy>8.298 </energy>
 126                         <energy>25.154</energy>
 127                 </ionisationenergy>
 128                 <radius>
 129                         <atomic>83</atomic>
 130                 </radius>
 131                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p1</orbits>
 132                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
 133                 <isotopes>10,0129:18,83;6:11,0093:81,17</isotopes>
 134                 <family>Metalloids</family>
 135         </element>
 136         <element>
 137                 <number>6</number>
 138                 <name>Carbon</name>
 139                 <symbol>C</symbol>
 140                 <weight>12.0107</weight>
 141                 <block>p</block>
 142                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 143                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 144                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
 145                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 146                 <group>4</group>
 147                 <electronegativity>2.55</electronegativity>
 148                 <meltingpoint>3825</meltingpoint>
 149                 <boilingpoint>5100</boilingpoint>
 150                 <density>3.51</density>
 151                 <ionisationenergy>
 152                         <energy>11.260 </energy>
 153                         <energy>24.376</energy>
 154                 </ionisationenergy>
 155                 <radius>
 156                         <atomic>77.2</atomic>
 157                 </radius>
 158                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p2</orbits>
 159                 <oxydation>-4,+2,+4</oxydation>
 160                 <isotopes>6:12:98,89;7:13,0034:1,11</isotopes>
 161                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
 162         </element>
 163         <element>
 164                 <number>7</number>
 165                 <name>Nitrogen</name>
 166                 <symbol>N</symbol>
 167                 <weight>14.0067</weight>
 168                 <block>p</block>
 169                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 170                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 171                 <date scientiest="D. Rutherford">1772</date>
 172                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 173                 <group>5</group>
 174                 <electronegativity>3.04</electronegativity>
 175                 <meltingpoint>63.15</meltingpoint>
 176                 <boilingpoint>77.344</boilingpoint>
 177                 <density>1.17</density>
 178                 <ionisationenergy>
 179                         <energy>14.534 </energy>
 180                         <energy>29.602</energy>
 181                 </ionisationenergy>
 182                 <radius>
 183                         <atomic>71</atomic>
 184                 </radius>
 185                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p3</orbits>
 186                 <oxydation>-3,(+1,+2,+3,+4,+5)</oxydation>
 187                 <isotopes>7:14,0031:99,64;8:15,0001:0,36</isotopes>
 188                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
 189         </element>
 190         <element>
 191                 <number>8</number>
 192                 <name>Oxygen</name>
 193                 <symbol>O</symbol>
 194                 <weight>15.9994</weight>
 195                 <block>p</block>
 196                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 197                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 198                 <date scientiest="J. Priestley">1774</date>
 199                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 200                 <group>6</group>
 201                 <electronegativity>3.44</electronegativity>
 202                 <meltingpoint>54.8</meltingpoint>
 203                 <boilingpoint>90.188</boilingpoint>
 204                 <density>1.33</density>
 205                 <ionisationenergy>
 206                         <energy>13.618 </energy>
 207                         <energy>35.116</energy>
 208                 </ionisationenergy>
 209                 <radius>
 210                         <atomic>60.4</atomic>
 211                 </radius>
 212                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p4</orbits>
 213                 <oxydation>-2,(-1,+2)</oxydation>
 214                 <isotopes>8:15,9949:99,756;9:16,9991:0,039;10:17,9992:0,205</isotopes>
 215                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
 216         </element>
 217         <element>
 218                 <number>9</number>
 219                 <name>Fluorine</name>
 220                 <symbol>F</symbol>
 221                 <weight>18.9984032</weight>
 222                 <block>p</block>
 223                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 224                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 225                 <date scientiest="H. F. Moissan">1886</date>
 226                 <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
 227                 <group>7</group>
 228                 <electronegativity>3.98</electronegativity>
 229                 <meltingpoint>53.55</meltingpoint>
 230                 <boilingpoint>85.0</boilingpoint>
 231                 <density>1.58</density>
 232                 <ionisationenergy>
 233                         <energy>17.422 </energy>
 234                         <energy>34.969</energy>
 235                 </ionisationenergy>
 236                 <radius>
 237                         <atomic>70.9</atomic>
 238                 </radius>
 239                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p5</orbits>
 240                 <oxydation>-1</oxydation>
 241                 <family>Halogene</family>
 242         </element>
 243         <element>
 244                 <number>10</number>
 245                 <name>Neon</name>
 246                 <symbol>Ne</symbol>
 247                 <weight>20.1797</weight>
 248                 <block>p</block>
 249                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
 250                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 251                 <date scientiest="W. Ramsay, M.W. Travers">1898 </date>
 252                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 253                 <group>8</group>
 254                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
 255                 <meltingpoint>24.55</meltingpoint>
 256                 <boilingpoint>27.10</boilingpoint>
 257                 <density>0.8999</density>
 258                 <ionisationenergy>
 259                         <energy>21.564 </energy>
 260                         <energy>40.962</energy>
 261                 </ionisationenergy>
 262                 <radius>
 263                         <atomic>150</atomic>
 264                 </radius>
 265                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6</orbits>
 266                 <oxydation>0</oxydation>
 267                 <isotopes>10:19,9924:90,5;11:20,9938:0,27;12:21,9914:9,2</isotopes>
 268                 <family>Noblegas</family>
 269         </element>
 270         <element>
 271                 <number>11</number>
 272                 <name>Sodium</name>
 273                 <symbol>Na</symbol>
 274                 <weight>22.989770</weight>
 275                 <block>s</block>
 276                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 277                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 278                 <date scientiest="">1807</date>
 279                 <biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
 280                 <group>1</group>
 281                 <electronegativity>0.93</electronegativity>
 282                 <meltingpoint>371.0</meltingpoint>
 283                 <boilingpoint>1156</boilingpoint>
 284                 <density>0.97</density>
 285                 <ionisationenergy>
 286                         <energy>5.139 </energy>
 287
 288                 </ionisationenergy>
 289                 <radius>
 290                         <atomic>153.7</atomic>
 291                 </radius>
 292                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1</orbits>
 293                 <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
 294                 <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
 295
 296         </element>
 297         <element>
 298                 <number>12</number>
 299                 <name>Magnesium</name>
 300                 <symbol>Mg</symbol>
 301                 <weight>24.3050</weight>
 302                 <block>s</block>
 303                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 304                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 305                 <date scientiest="H. B. Davy">1808</date>
 306                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 307                 <group>2</group>
 308                 <electronegativity>1.31</electronegativity>
 309                 <meltingpoint>922</meltingpoint>
 310                 <boilingpoint>1380</boilingpoint>
 311                 <density>1.74</density>
 312                 <ionisationenergy>
 313                         <energy>7.646 </energy>
 314
 315                 </ionisationenergy>
 316                 <radius>
 317                         <atomic>160</atomic>
 318                 </radius>
 319                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2</orbits>
 320                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
 321                 <isotopes>12:23,985:78,99;13:24,986:10;14:25,983:11,01</isotopes>
 322                 <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
 323         </element>
 324         <element>
 325                 <number>13</number>
 326                 <name>Aluminum</name>
 327                 <symbol>Al</symbol>
 328                 <weight>26.981538</weight>
 329                 <block>p</block>
 330                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 331                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 332                 <date scientiest="H. Ch. Oersted">1825</date>
 333                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 334                 <group>3</group>
 335                 <electronegativity>1.61</electronegativity>
 336                 <meltingpoint>933.5</meltingpoint>
 337                 <boilingpoint>2740</boilingpoint>
 338                 <density>2.70</density>
 339                 <ionisationenergy>
 340                         <energy>5.986 </energy>
 341
 342                 </ionisationenergy>
 343                 <radius>
 344                         <atomic>143.1</atomic>
 345                 </radius>
 346                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1</orbits>
 347                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
 348                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
 349         </element>
 350         <element>
 351                 <number>14</number>
 352                 <name>Silicon</name>
 353                 <symbol>Si</symbol>
 354                 <weight>28.0855</weight>
 355                 <block>p</block>
 356                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 357                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 358                 <date scientiest="J. J. Berzelius">1823</date>
 359                 <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
 360                 <group>4</group>
 361                 <electronegativity>1.91</electronegativity>
 362                 <meltingpoint>1683</meltingpoint>
 363                 <boilingpoint>2630</boilingpoint>
 364                 <density>2.33</density>
 365                 <ionisationenergy>
 366                         <energy>8.151 </energy>
 367
 368                 </ionisationenergy>
 369                 <radius>
 370                         <atomic>117</atomic>
 371                 </radius>
 372                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2</orbits>
 373                 <oxydation>+4,(-4,+2)</oxydation>
 374                 <isotopes>14:27,977:92,28;15:28,976:4,67;16:29,974:3,05</isotopes>
 375                 <family>Metalloids</family>
 376
 377         </element>
 378         <element>
 379                 <number>15</number>
 380                 <name>Phosphorus</name>
 381                 <symbol>P</symbol>
 382                 <weight>30.973761</weight>
 383                 <block>p</block>
 384                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 385                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 386                 <date scientiest="H. Brandt">1669</date>
 387                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 388                 <group>5</group>
 389                 <electronegativity>2.19</electronegativity>
 390                 <meltingpoint>317.3</meltingpoint>
 391                 <boilingpoint>553</boilingpoint>
 392                 <density>1.82</density>
 393                 <ionisationenergy>
 394                         <energy>10.486 </energy>
 395
 396                 </ionisationenergy>
 397                 <radius>
 398                         <atomic>93</atomic>
 399                 </radius>
 400                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3</orbits>
 401                 <oxydation>-3,(+1,+3),+5</oxydation>
 402                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
 403
 404         </element>
 405         <element>
 406                 <number>16</number>
 407                 <name>Sulfur</name>
 408                 <symbol>S</symbol>
 409                 <weight>32.065</weight>
 410                 <block>p</block>
 411                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 412                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 413                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
 414                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 415                 <group>6</group>
 416                 <electronegativity>2.58</electronegativity>
 417                 <meltingpoint>392.2</meltingpoint>
 418                 <boilingpoint>717.82</boilingpoint>
 419                 <density>2.06</density>
 420                 <ionisationenergy>
 421                         <energy>10.360 </energy>
 422
 423                 </ionisationenergy>
 424                 <radius>
 425                         <atomic>104</atomic>
 426                 </radius>
 427                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4</orbits>
 428                 <oxydation>-2,+2,+4,+6</oxydation>
 429                 <isotopes>16:31,972:95,1;17:32,971:0,74;18:33,968:4,2;20:35,967:0,016</isotopes>
 430                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
 431
 432         </element>
 433         <element>
 434                 <number>17</number>
 435                 <name>Chlorine</name>
 436                 <symbol>Cl</symbol>
 437                 <weight>35.453</weight>
 438                 <block>p</block>
 439                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 440                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 441                 <date scientiest="K. Scheele">1774</date>
 442                 <biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
 443                 <group>7</group>
 444                 <electronegativity>3.16</electronegativity>
 445                 <meltingpoint>172.17</meltingpoint>
 446                 <boilingpoint>239.18</boilingpoint>
 447                 <density>2.95</density>
 448                 <ionisationenergy>
 449                         <energy>12.967 </energy>
 450
 451                 </ionisationenergy>
 452                 <radius>
 453                         <atomic>99.4</atomic>
 454                 </radius>
 455                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5</orbits>
 456                 <oxydation>-1,(+1,+3,+5,+7)</oxydation>
 457                 <isotopes>18:34,968853:75,77;20:36,966:24,23</isotopes>
 458                 <family>Halogene</family>
 459
 460         </element>
 461         <element>
 462                 <number>18</number>
 463                 <name>Argon</name>
 464                 <symbol>Ar</symbol>
 465                 <weight>39.948</weight>
 466                 <block>p</block>
 467                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
 468                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 469                 <date scientiest="W. Ramsay, J. Rayleigh">1894</date>
 470                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 471                 <group>8</group>
 472                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
 473                 <meltingpoint>83.95</meltingpoint>
 474                 <boilingpoint>87.45</boilingpoint>
 475                 <density>1.66</density>
 476                 <ionisationenergy>
 477                         <energy>15.759 </energy>
 478
 479                 </ionisationenergy>
 480                 <radius>
 481                         <atomic>174</atomic>
 482                 </radius>
 483                 <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6</orbits>
 484                 <oxydation>0</oxydation>
 485                 <isotopes>18:35,968:0,307;20:37,963:0,061;22:39,962:99,632</isotopes>
 486                 <family>Noblegas</family>
 487
 488         </element>
 489         <element>
 490                 <number>19</number>
 491                 <name>Potassium</name>
 492                 <symbol>K</symbol>
 493                 <weight>39.0983</weight>
 494                 <block>s</block>
 495                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 496                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 497                 <date scientiest="H. B. Davy">1807</date>
 498                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 499                 <group>1</group>
 500                 <electronegativity>0.82</electronegativity>
 501                 <meltingpoint>336.8</meltingpoint>
 502                 <boilingpoint>1033</boilingpoint>
 503                 <density>0.86</density>
 504                 <ionisationenergy>
 505                         <energy>4.341 </energy>
 506
 507                 </ionisationenergy>
 508                 <radius>
 509                         <atomic>227</atomic>
 510                 </radius>
 511                 <orbits>Ar 4s1</orbits>
 512                 <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
 513                 <isotopes>20:38,964:93,2581;22:40,962:6,73</isotopes>
 514                 <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
 515
 516         </element>
 517         <element>
 518                 <number>20</number>
 519                 <name>Calcium</name>
 520                 <symbol>Ca</symbol>
 521                 <weight>40.078</weight>
 522                 <block>s</block>
 523                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 524                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 525                 <date scientiest="H. B. Davy">1808</date>
 526                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 527                 <group>2</group>
 528                 <electronegativity>1.00</electronegativity>
 529                 <meltingpoint>1112</meltingpoint>
 530                 <boilingpoint>1757</boilingpoint>
 531                 <density>1.54</density>
 532                 <ionisationenergy>
 533                         <energy>6.113 </energy>
 534
 535                 </ionisationenergy>
 536                 <radius>
 537                         <atomic>197.3</atomic>
 538                 </radius>
 539                 <orbits>Ar 4s2</orbits>
 540                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
 541                 <isotopes>20:39,963:96,92;22:41,959:0,64;23:42,959:0,13;24:43,955:2,13;26:44,954:0,003;28:47,952:0,18</isotopes>
 542                 <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
 543
 544         </element>
 545         <element>
 546                 <number>21</number>
 547                 <name>Scandium</name>
 548                 <symbol>Sc</symbol>
 549                 <weight>44.955910</weight>
 550                 <block>d</block>
 551                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 552                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 553                 <date scientiest="L. Nilson">1879</date>
 554                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 555                 <group>3</group>
 556                 <electronegativity>1.36</electronegativity>
 557                 <meltingpoint>1814</meltingpoint>
 558                 <boilingpoint>3109</boilingpoint>
 559                 <density>2.99</density>
 560                 <ionisationenergy>
 561                         <energy>6.54 </energy>
 562
 563                 </ionisationenergy>
 564                 <radius>
 565                         <atomic>160.6</atomic>
 566                 </radius>
 567                 <orbits>Ar 3d1 4s2</orbits>
 568                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
 569                 <family>Transition</family>
 570
 571         </element>
 572         <element>
 573                 <number>22</number>
 574                 <name>Titanium</name>
 575                 <symbol>Ti</symbol>
 576                 <weight>47.867</weight>
 577                 <block>d</block>
 578                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 579                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 580                 <date scientiest="W. Gregor">1791</date>
 581                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 582                 <group>4</group>
 583                 <electronegativity>1.54</electronegativity>
 584                 <meltingpoint>1935</meltingpoint>
 585                 <boilingpoint>3560</boilingpoint>
 586                 <density>4.51</density>
 587                 <ionisationenergy>
 588                         <energy>6.82 </energy>
 589
 590                 </ionisationenergy>
 591                 <radius>
 592                         <atomic>144.8</atomic>
 593                 </radius>
 594                 <orbits>Ar 3d2 4s2</orbits>
 595                 <oxydation>+4,+3</oxydation>
 596                 <isotopes>24:45,953:7,95;25:46,952:7,75;26:47,948:73,45;27:48,948:5,51;28:49,945:5,34</isotopes>
 597                 <family>Transition</family>
 598
 599         </element>
 600         <element>
 601                 <number>23</number>
 602                 <name>Vanadium</name>
 603                 <symbol>V</symbol>
 604                 <weight>50.9415</weight>
 605                 <block>d</block>
 606                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 607                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 608                 <date scientiest="N. Sefström">1830</date>
 609                 <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
 610                 <group>5</group>
 611                 <electronegativity>1.63</electronegativity>
 612                 <meltingpoint>2163</meltingpoint>
 613                 <boilingpoint>3650</boilingpoint>
 614                 <density>6.09</density>
 615                 <ionisationenergy>
 616                         <energy>6.74 </energy>
 617
 618                 </ionisationenergy>
 619                 <radius>
 620                         <atomic>132.1</atomic>
 621                 </radius>
 622                 <orbits>Ar 3d3 4s2</orbits>
 623                 <oxydation>+5,(+2,+3,+4)</oxydation>
 624                 <family>Transition</family>
 625
 626         </element>
 627         <element>
 628                 <number>24</number>
 629                 <name>Chromium</name>
 630                 <symbol>Cr</symbol>
 631                 <weight>51.9961</weight>
 632                 <block>d</block>
 633                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 634                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 635                 <date scientiest="L. N. Vauquelin">1797</date>
 636                 <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
 637                 <group>6</group>
 638                 <electronegativity>1.66</electronegativity>
 639                 <meltingpoint>2130</meltingpoint>
 640                 <boilingpoint>2945</boilingpoint>
 641                 <density>7.14</density>
 642                 <ionisationenergy>
 643                         <energy>6.766 </energy>
 644
 645                 </ionisationenergy>
 646                 <radius>
 647                         <atomic>124.9</atomic>
 648                 </radius>
 649                 <orbits>Ar 3d5 4s1</orbits>
 650                 <oxydation>+2,+3,(+1,+4,+5),+6</oxydation>
 651                 <isotopes>26:49,946:4,3;28:51,94:83,8;29:52,941:9,5;30:53,939:2,4</isotopes>
 652                 <family>Transition</family>
 653
 654         </element>
 655         <element>
 656                 <number>25</number>
 657                 <name>Manganese</name>
 658                 <symbol>Mn</symbol>
 659                 <weight>54.938049</weight>
 660                 <block>d</block>
 661                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 662                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 663                 <date scientiest="K. W. Scheele">1774</date>
 664                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 665                 <group>7</group>
 666                 <electronegativity>1.55</electronegativity>
 667                 <meltingpoint>1518</meltingpoint>
 668                 <boilingpoint>2235</boilingpoint>
 669                 <density>7.44</density>
 670                 <ionisationenergy>
 671                         <energy>7.435 </energy>
 672
 673                 </ionisationenergy>
 674                 <radius>
 675                         <atomic>124</atomic>
 676                 </radius>
 677                 <orbits>Ar 3d5 4s2</orbits>
 678                 <oxydation>+2,+4,(+5),+6,+7</oxydation>
 679                 <family>Transition</family>
 680
 681         </element>
 682         <element>
 683                 <number>26</number>
 684                 <name>Iron</name>
 685                 <symbol>Fe</symbol>
 686                 <weight>55.845</weight>
 687                 <block>d</block>
 688                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 689                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 690                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
 691                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 692                 <group>8</group>
 693                 <electronegativity>1.83</electronegativity>
 694                 <meltingpoint>1808</meltingpoint>
 695                 <boilingpoint>3023</boilingpoint>
 696                 <density>7.874</density>
 697                 <ionisationenergy>
 698                         <energy>7.870 </energy>
 699
 700                 </ionisationenergy>
 701                 <radius>
 702                         <atomic>124.1</atomic>
 703                 </radius>
 704                 <orbits>Ar 3d6 4s2</orbits>
 705                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
 706                 <isotopes>28:53,94:5,81;30:55,935:91,64;31:56,935:2,21;32:57,933:0,34</isotopes>
 707                 <family>Transition</family>
 708
 709         </element>
 710         <element>
 711                 <number>27</number>
 712                 <name>Cobalt</name>
 713                 <symbol>Co</symbol>
 714                 <weight>58.933200</weight>
 715                 <block>d</block>
 716                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 717                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 718                 <date scientiest="G. Brandt">1737</date>
 719                 <biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
 720                 <group>8</group>
 721                 <electronegativity>1.88</electronegativity>
 722                 <meltingpoint>1768</meltingpoint>
 723                 <boilingpoint>3143</boilingpoint>
 724                 <density>8.89</density>
 725                 <ionisationenergy>
 726                         <energy>7.86 </energy>
 727
 728                 </ionisationenergy>
 729                 <radius>
 730                         <atomic>125.3</atomic>
 731                 </radius>
 732                 <orbits>Ar 3d7 4s2</orbits>
 733                 <oxydation>+2,+3,(+4)</oxydation>
 734                 <family>Transition</family>
 735
 736         </element>
 737         <element>
 738                 <number>28</number>
 739                 <name>Nickel</name>
 740                 <symbol>Ni</symbol>
 741                 <weight>58.6934</weight>
 742                 <block>d</block>
 743                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 744                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 745                 <date scientiest="A. F. Cronstedt">1751</date>
 746                 <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
 747                 <group>8</group>
 748                 <electronegativity>1.91</electronegativity>
 749                 <meltingpoint>1726</meltingpoint>
 750                 <boilingpoint>3005</boilingpoint>
 751                 <density>8.91</density>
 752                 <ionisationenergy>
 753                         <energy>7.635 </energy>
 754
 755                 </ionisationenergy>
 756                 <radius>
 757                         <atomic>124.6</atomic>
 758                 </radius>
 759                 <orbits>Ar 3d8 4s2</orbits>
 760                 <oxydation>0,(+2),+3</oxydation>
 761                 <isotopes>30:57,935:67,8;32:59,931:26,2;33:60,931:1,2;34:61,928:3,7;36:63,928:1,1</isotopes>
 762                 <family>Transition</family>
 763         </element>
 764         <element>
 765                 <number>29</number>
 766                 <name>Copper</name>
 767                 <symbol>Cu</symbol>
 768                 <weight>63.546</weight>
 769                 <block>d</block>
 770                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 771                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 772                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
 773                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 774                 <group>1</group>
 775                 <electronegativity>1.90</electronegativity>
 776                 <meltingpoint>1356.6</meltingpoint>
 777                 <boilingpoint>2840</boilingpoint>
 778                 <density>8.92</density>
 779                 <ionisationenergy>
 780                         <energy>7.726 </energy>
 781
 782                 </ionisationenergy>
 783                 <radius>
 784                         <atomic>127.8</atomic>
 785                 </radius>
 786                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s1</orbits>
 787                 <oxydation>+1,+2</oxydation>
 788                 <isotopes>34:62,93:68,9;36:64,928:31,1</isotopes>
 789                 <family>Transition</family>
 790         </element>
 791         <element>
 792                 <number>30</number>
 793                 <name>Zinc</name>
 794                 <symbol>Zn</symbol>
 795                 <weight>65.39</weight>
 796                 <block>d</block>
 797                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 798                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 799                 <date scientiest="">1746</date>
 800                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
 801                 <group>2</group>
 802                 <electronegativity>1.65</electronegativity>
 803                 <meltingpoint>692.73</meltingpoint>
 804                 <boilingpoint>1180</boilingpoint>
 805                 <density>7.14</density>
 806                 <ionisationenergy>
 807                         <energy>9.394 </energy>
 808
 809                 </ionisationenergy>
 810                 <radius>
 811                         <atomic>133.2</atomic>
 812                 </radius>
 813                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2</orbits>
 814                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
 815                 <isotopes>34:63,929:48,9;36:65,926:27,82;37:66,927:4,16;38:67,925:18,5;40:69,925:0,62</isotopes>
 816                 <family>Transition</family>
 817
 818         </element>
 819         <element>
 820                 <number>31</number>
 821                 <name>Gallium</name>
 822                 <symbol>Ga</symbol>
 823                 <weight>69.723</weight>
 824                 <block>p</block>
 825                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 826                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 827                 <date scientiest="P. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1875</date>
 828                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 829                 <group>3</group>
 830                 <electronegativity>1.81</electronegativity>
 831                 <meltingpoint>302.92</meltingpoint>
 832                 <boilingpoint>2478</boilingpoint>
 833                 <density>5.91</density>
 834                 <ionisationenergy>
 835                         <energy>5.999 </energy>
 836
 837                 </ionisationenergy>
 838                 <radius>
 839                         <atomic>122.1</atomic>
 840                 </radius>
 841                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p1</orbits>
 842                 <oxydation>(+1),(+2),+3</oxydation>
 843                 <isotopes>38:68,926:60,1;40:70,925:39,9</isotopes>
 844                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
 845
 846         </element>
 847         <element>
 848                 <number>32</number>
 849                 <name>Germanium</name>
 850                 <symbol>Ge</symbol>
 851                 <weight>72.64</weight>
 852                 <block>p</block>
 853                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 854                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 855                 <date scientiest="C. A. Winkler">1886</date>
 856                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 857                 <group>4</group>
 858                 <electronegativity>2.01</electronegativity>
 859                 <meltingpoint>1211.5</meltingpoint>
 860                 <boilingpoint>3107</boilingpoint>
 861                 <density>5.32</density>
 862                 <ionisationenergy>
 863                         <energy>7.899 </energy>
 864
 865                 </ionisationenergy>
 866                 <radius>
 867                         <atomic>122.5</atomic>
 868                 </radius>
 869                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p2</orbits>
 870                 <oxydation>+4,(+2)</oxydation>
 871                 <isotopes>38:69,924:20,6;40:71,922:27,4;41:72,923:7,8;42:73,921:36,4;44:75,921:7,8</isotopes>
 872                 <family>Metalloids</family>
 873
 874         </element>
 875         <element>
 876                 <number>33</number>
 877                 <name>Arsenic</name>
 878                 <symbol>As</symbol>
 879                 <weight>74.92160</weight>
 880                 <block>p</block>
 881                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
 882                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 883                 <date scientiest="A. Magnus">0</date>
 884                 <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
 885                 <group>5</group>
 886                 <electronegativity>2.18</electronegativity>
 887                 <meltingpoint>1090</meltingpoint>
 888                 <boilingpoint>876</boilingpoint>
 889                 <density>5.72</density>
 890                 <ionisationenergy>
 891                         <energy>9.81 </energy>
 892
 893                 </ionisationenergy>
 894                 <radius>
 895                         <atomic>125</atomic>
 896                 </radius>
 897                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p3</orbits>
 898                 <oxydation>(-3),+3,(+5)</oxydation>
 899                 <family>Metalloids</family>
 900
 901         </element>
 902         <element>
 903                 <number>34</number>
 904                 <name>Selenium</name>
 905                 <symbol>Se</symbol>
 906                 <weight>78.96</weight>
 907                 <block>p</block>
 908                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 909                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
 910                 <date scientiest="J. J. Berzelius">1817</date>
 911                 <biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
 912                 <group>6</group>
 913                 <electronegativity>2.55</electronegativity>
 914                 <meltingpoint>494</meltingpoint>
 915                 <boilingpoint>958</boilingpoint>
 916                 <density>4.82</density>
 917                 <ionisationenergy>
 918                         <energy>9.752 </energy>
 919
 920                 </ionisationenergy>
 921                 <radius>
 922                         <atomic>116</atomic>
 923                 </radius>
 924                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p4</orbits>
 925                 <oxydation>(-2),+4,(+6)</oxydation>
 926                 <isotopes>40:73,922:0,9;42:75,919:9,5;43:76,92:8,3;44:77,917:24;46:79,917:48;48:81,917:9,3</isotopes>
 927                 <family>Non-Metal</family>
 928
 929         </element>
 930         <element>
 931                 <number>35</number>
 932                 <name>Bromine</name>
 933                 <symbol>Br</symbol>
 934                 <weight>79.904</weight>
 935                 <block>p</block>
 936                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
 937                 <aggregation>1</aggregation>
 938                 <date scientiest="A. J. Balard">1826</date>
 939                 <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
 940                 <group>7</group>
 941                 <electronegativity>2.96</electronegativity>
 942                 <meltingpoint>265.95</meltingpoint>
 943                 <boilingpoint>331.85</boilingpoint>
 944                 <density>3.14</density>
 945                 <ionisationenergy>
 946                         <energy>11.814 </energy>
 947
 948                 </ionisationenergy>
 949                 <radius>
 950                         <atomic>114.5</atomic>
 951                 </radius>
 952                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p5</orbits>
 953                 <oxydation>-1,(+1,+5,+7)</oxydation>
 954                 <isotopes>44:78,918:50,6;46:80,916:49,4</isotopes>
 955                 <family>Halogene</family>
 956         </element>
 957         <element>
 958                 <number>36</number>
 959                 <name>Krypton</name>
 960                 <symbol>Kr</symbol>
 961                 <weight>83.80</weight>
 962                 <block>p</block>
 963                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
 964                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
 965                 <date scientiest="W. Ramsay, M. W. Travers">1898</date>
 966                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
 967                 <group>8</group>
 968                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
 969                 <meltingpoint>116</meltingpoint>
 970                 <boilingpoint>120.85</boilingpoint>
 971                 <density>4.48</density>
 972                 <ionisationenergy>
 973                         <energy>13.999 </energy>
 974
 975                 </ionisationenergy>
 976                 <radius>
 977                         <atomic>190</atomic>
 978                 </radius>
 979                 <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p6</orbits>
 980                 <oxydation>+2,(+4)</oxydation>
 981                 <isotopes>42:77,92:0,35;44:79,916:2,01;46:81,913:11,5;47:82,914:11,5;48:83,912:57,18;50:85,911:17,5</isotopes>
 982                 <family>Noblegas</family>
 983
 984         </element>
 985         <element>
 986                 <number>37</number>
 987                 <name>Rubidium</name>
 988                 <symbol>Rb</symbol>
 989                 <weight>85.4678</weight>
 990                 <block>s</block>
 991                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
 992                 A<aggregation>0</aggregation>
 993                 <date scientiest=".W Bunsen, G.R. Kirchhoff">1861</date>
 994                 <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
 995                 <group>1</group>
 996                 <electronegativity>0.82</electronegativity>
 997                 <meltingpoint>312.63</meltingpoint>
 998                 <boilingpoint>961</boilingpoint>
 999                 <density>1.53</density>
1000                 <ionisationenergy>
1001                         <energy>4.177 </energy>
1002
1003                 </ionisationenergy>
1004                 <radius>
1005                         <atomic>247.5</atomic>
1006                 </radius>
1007                 <orbits>Kr 5s1</orbits>
1008                 <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
1009                 <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
1010
1011         </element>
1012         <element>
1013                 <number>38</number>
1014                 <name>Strontium</name>
1015                 <symbol>Sr</symbol>
1016                 <weight>87.62</weight>
1017                 <block>s</block>
1018                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1019                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1020                 <date scientiest="H. B. Davy">1790</date>
1021                 <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
1022                 <group>2</group>
1023                 <electronegativity>0.95</electronegativity>
1024                 <meltingpoint>1042</meltingpoint>
1025                 <boilingpoint>1655</boilingpoint>
1026                 <density>2.63</density>
1027                 <ionisationenergy>
1028                         <energy>5.695 </energy>
1029
1030                 </ionisationenergy>
1031                 <radius>
1032                         <atomic>215.1</atomic>
1033                 </radius>
1034                 <orbits>Kr 5s2</orbits>
1035                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
1036                 <isotopes>46:83,913:0,56;48:85,909:9,86;49:86,909:7,02;50:87,906:82,6</isotopes>
1037                 <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
1038
1039         </element>
1040         <element>
1041                 <number>39</number>
1042                 <name>Yttrium</name>
1043                 <symbol>Y</symbol>
1044                 <weight>88.90585</weight>
1045                 <block>d</block>
1046                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1047                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1048                 <date scientiest="">1794</date>
1049                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1050                 <group>3</group>
1051                 <electronegativity>1.22</electronegativity>
1052                 <meltingpoint>1795</meltingpoint>
1053                 <boilingpoint>3611</boilingpoint>
1054                 <density>4.47</density>
1055                 <ionisationenergy>
1056                         <energy>6.38 </energy>
1057
1058                 </ionisationenergy>
1059                 <radius>
1060                         <atomic>181</atomic>
1061                 </radius>
1062                 <orbits>Kr 4d1 5s2</orbits>
1063                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1064                 <family>Transition</family>
1065
1066         </element>
1067         <element>
1068                 <number>40</number>
1069                 <name>Zirconium</name>
1070                 <symbol>Zr</symbol>
1071                 <weight>91.224</weight>
1072                 <block>d</block>
1073                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1074                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1075                 <date scientiest="">1789</date>
1076                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1077                 <group>4</group>
1078                 <electronegativity>1.33</electronegativity>
1079                 <meltingpoint>2128</meltingpoint>
1080                 <boilingpoint>4682</boilingpoint>
1081                 <density>6.51</density>
1082                 <ionisationenergy>
1083                         <energy>6.84 </energy>
1084
1085                 </ionisationenergy>
1086                 <radius>
1087                         <atomic>160</atomic>
1088                 </radius>
1089                 <orbits>Kr 4d2 5s2</orbits>
1090                 <oxydation>+4</oxydation>
1091                 <isotopes>50:89,904:51,5;51:90,905:11,2;52:91,905:17,1;54:93,906:17,4;56:95,908:2,8</isotopes>
1092                 <family>Transition</family>
1093
1094         </element>
1095         <element>
1096                 <number>41</number>
1097                 <name>Niobium</name>
1098                 <symbol>Nb</symbol>
1099                 <weight>92.90638</weight>
1100                 <block>d</block>
1101                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1102                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1103                 <date scientiest="Ch. Hatchett">1801</date>
1104                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1105                 <group>5</group>
1106                 <electronegativity>1.6</electronegativity>
1107                 <meltingpoint>2742</meltingpoint>
1108                 <boilingpoint>5015</boilingpoint>
1109                 <density>8.58</density>
1110                 <ionisationenergy>
1111                         <energy>6.88 </energy>
1112
1113                 </ionisationenergy>
1114                 <radius>
1115                         <atomic>142.9</atomic>
1116                 </radius>
1117                 <orbits>Kr 4d4</orbits>
1118                 <oxydation>+3,+5</oxydation>
1119                 <family>Transition</family>
1120
1121         </element>
1122         <element>
1123                 <number>42</number>
1124                 <name>Molybdenum</name>
1125                 <symbol>Mo</symbol>
1126                 <weight>95.94</weight>
1127                 <block>d</block>
1128                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1129                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1130                 <date scientiest="K. W. Scheele">1778</date>
1131                 <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
1132                 <group>6</group>
1133                 <electronegativity>2.16</electronegativity>
1134                 <meltingpoint>2896</meltingpoint>
1135                 <boilingpoint>4912</boilingpoint>
1136                 <density>10.28</density>
1137                 <ionisationenergy>
1138                         <energy>7.099 </energy>
1139
1140                 </ionisationenergy>
1141                 <radius>
1142                         <atomic>136.2</atomic>
1143                 </radius>
1144                 <orbits>Kr 4d5 5s1</orbits>
1145                 <oxydation>(+2,+3,+4,+5),+6</oxydation>
1146                 <isotopes>50:91,906:15,9;52:93,905:9,2;53:94,906:16,5;54:95,905:15,7;55:96,905:9,4;56:97,906:23,7;58:99,908:9,6</isotopes>
1147                 <family>Transition</family>
1148
1149         </element>
1150         <element>
1151                 <number>43</number>
1152                 <name>Technetium</name>
1153                 <symbol>Tc</symbol>
1154                 <weight>98.9063</weight>
1155                 <block>d</block>
1156                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1157                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1158                 <date scientiest="C. Perrier, E. G. Segre">1937</date>
1159                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1160                 <group>7</group>
1161                 <electronegativity>1.9</electronegativity>
1162                 <meltingpoint>2477</meltingpoint>
1163                 <boilingpoint>4538</boilingpoint>
1164                 <density>11.49</density>
1165                 <ionisationenergy>
1166                         <energy>7.28 </energy>
1167
1168                 </ionisationenergy>
1169                 <radius>
1170                         <atomic>135.8</atomic>
1171                 </radius>
1172                 <orbits>Kr 4d6 5s1</orbits>
1173                 <oxydation>+7</oxydation>
1174                 <family>Transition</family>
1175
1176         </element>
1177         <element>
1178                 <number>44</number>
1179                 <name>Ruthenium</name>
1180                 <symbol>Ru</symbol>
1181                 <weight>101.07</weight>
1182                 <block>d</block>
1183                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1184                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1185                 <date scientiest="K. Klaus">1844</date>
1186                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1187                 <group>8</group>
1188                 <electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
1189                 <meltingpoint>2610</meltingpoint>
1190                 <boilingpoint>4425</boilingpoint>
1191                 <density>12.45</density>
1192                 <ionisationenergy>
1193                         <energy>7.37 </energy>
1194
1195                 </ionisationenergy>
1196                 <radius>
1197                         <atomic>134</atomic>
1198                 </radius>
1199                 <orbits>Kr 4d7 5s1</orbits>
1200                 <oxydation>+3,+4,(+8)</oxydation>
1201                 <isotopes>52:95,908:5,68;54:97,906:2,22;55:98,906:12,91;56:99,903:12,7;57:100,904:16,98;58:101,904:31,34;60:103,906:18,27</isotopes>
1202                 <family>Transition</family>
1203
1204         </element>
1205         <element>
1206                 <number>45</number>
1207                 <name>Rhodium</name>
1208                 <symbol>Rh</symbol>
1209                 <weight>102.90550</weight>
1210                 <block>d</block>
1211                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1212                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1213                 <date scientiest="W. Wollaston">1803</date>
1214                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1215                 <group>8</group>
1216                 <electronegativity>2.28</electronegativity>
1217                 <meltingpoint>2236</meltingpoint>
1218                 <boilingpoint>3970</boilingpoint>
1219                 <density>12.41</density>
1220                 <ionisationenergy>
1221                         <energy>7.46 </energy>
1222
1223                 </ionisationenergy>
1224                 <radius>
1225                         <atomic>134.5</atomic>
1226                 </radius>
1227                 <orbits>Kr 4d8 5s1</orbits>
1228                 <oxydation>+1,(+2),+3,(+4)</oxydation>
1229                 <family>Transition</family>
1230
1231         </element>
1232         <element>
1233                 <number>46</number>
1234                 <name>Palladium</name>
1235                 <symbol>Pd</symbol>
1236                 <weight>106.42</weight>
1237                 <block>d</block>
1238                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1239                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1240                 <date scientiest="">1803</date>
1241                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1242                 <group>8</group>
1243                 <electronegativity>2.20</electronegativity>
1244                 <meltingpoint>1825</meltingpoint>
1245                 <boilingpoint>3240</boilingpoint>
1246                 <density>12.02</density>
1247                 <ionisationenergy>
1248                         <energy>8.34 </energy>
1249
1250                 </ionisationenergy>
1251                 <radius>
1252                         <atomic>137.6</atomic>
1253                 </radius>
1254                 <orbits>Kr 4d10</orbits>
1255                 <oxydation>+2,+4</oxydation>
1256                 <isotopes>56:101,905:0,8;58:103,904:9,3;59:104,905:22,6;60:105,903:27,2;62:107,904:26,08;64:109,904:13,5</isotopes>
1257                 <family>Transition</family>
1258
1259         </element>
1260         <element>
1261                 <number>47</number>
1262                 <name>Silver</name>
1263                 <symbol>Ag</symbol>
1264                 <weight>107.8682</weight>
1265                 <block>d</block>
1266                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1267                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1268                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
1269                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1270                 <group>1</group>
1271                 <electronegativity>1.93</electronegativity>
1272                 <meltingpoint>1235.1</meltingpoint>
1273                 <boilingpoint>2436</boilingpoint>
1274                 <density>10.49</density>
1275                 <ionisationenergy>
1276                         <energy>7.576 </energy>
1277
1278                 </ionisationenergy>
1279                 <radius>
1280                         <atomic>144.4</atomic>
1281                 </radius>
1282                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s1</orbits>
1283                 <oxydation>+1,(+2,+3)</oxydation>
1284                 <isotopes>60:106,905:51,9;62:108,905:48,1</isotopes>
1285                 <family>Transition</family>
1286
1287         </element>
1288         <element>
1289                 <number>48</number>
1290                 <name>Cadmium</name>
1291                 <symbol>Cd</symbol>
1292                 <weight>112.411</weight>
1293                 <block>d</block>
1294                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1295                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1296                 <date scientiest="F. Stromeyer">1817</date>
1297                 <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
1298                 <group>2</group>
1299                 <electronegativity>1.69</electronegativity>
1300                 <meltingpoint>594.26</meltingpoint>
1301                 <boilingpoint>1040</boilingpoint>
1302                 <density>8.64</density>
1303                 <ionisationenergy>
1304                         <energy>8.993 </energy>
1305
1306                 </ionisationenergy>
1307                 <radius>
1308                         <atomic>148.9</atomic>
1309                 </radius>
1310                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2</orbits>
1311                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
1312                 <isotopes>58:105,906:1,215;60:107,904:0,875;68:115,905:7,58</isotopes>
1313                 <family>Transition</family>
1314
1315         </element>
1316         <element>
1317                 <number>49</number>
1318                 <name>Indium</name>
1319                 <symbol>In</symbol>
1320                 <weight>114.818</weight>
1321                 <block>p</block>
1322                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1323                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1324                 <date scientiest="F. Reich, H.T. Richter">1863</date>
1325                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1326                 <group>3</group>
1327                 <electronegativity>1.78</electronegativity>
1328                 <meltingpoint>429.78</meltingpoint>
1329                 <boilingpoint>2350</boilingpoint>
1330                 <density>7.31</density>
1331                 <ionisationenergy>
1332                         <energy>5.786 </energy>
1333
1334                 </ionisationenergy>
1335                 <radius>
1336                         <atomic>162.6</atomic>
1337                 </radius>
1338                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p1</orbits>
1339                 <oxydation>+3,(+1,+2)</oxydation>
1340                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
1341
1342         </element>
1343         <element>
1344                 <number>50</number>
1345                 <name>Tin</name>
1346                 <symbol>Sn</symbol>
1347                 <weight>118.710</weight>
1348                 <block>p</block>
1349                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1350                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1351                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
1352                 <biologicalmeaning>6</biologicalmeaning>
1353                 <group>4</group>
1354                 <electronegativity>1.96</electronegativity>
1355                 <meltingpoint>505.12</meltingpoint>
1356                 <boilingpoint>2876</boilingpoint>
1357                 <density>7.29</density>
1358                 <ionisationenergy>
1359                         <energy>7.344 </energy>
1360
1361                 </ionisationenergy>
1362                 <radius>
1363                         <atomic>140.5</atomic>
1364                 </radius>
1365                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p2</orbits>
1366                 <oxydation>+2,+4</oxydation>
1367                 <isotopes>62:111,05:0,9;64:113,903:0,6;65:114,904:0,4;66:115,902:14,1;67:116,903:7,5;68:117,902:24;69:118,903:8,6;70:119,902:33;72:121,903:4,8;74:123,905:6,1</isotopes>
1368                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
1369
1370         </element>
1371         <element>
1372                 <number>51</number>
1373                 <name>Antimony</name>
1374                 <symbol>Sb</symbol>
1375                 <weight>121.760</weight>
1376                 <block>p</block>
1377                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1378                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1379                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
1380                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1381                 <group>5</group>
1382                 <electronegativity>2.05</electronegativity>
1383                 <meltingpoint>903.91</meltingpoint>
1384                 <boilingpoint>1860</boilingpoint>
1385                 <density>6.69</density>
1386                 <ionisationenergy>
1387                         <energy>8.641 </energy>
1388
1389                 </ionisationenergy>
1390                 <radius>
1391                         <atomic>145</atomic>
1392                 </radius>
1393                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p3</orbits>
1394                 <oxydation>(-3),+3,(+5)</oxydation>
1395                 <isotopes>70:120,904:57,25;72:122,904:42,75</isotopes>
1396                 <family>Metalloids</family>
1397
1398         </element>
1399         <element>
1400                 <number>52</number>
1401                 <name>Tellurium</name>
1402                 <symbol>Te</symbol>
1403                 <weight>127.60</weight>
1404                 <block>p</block>
1405                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1406                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1407                 <date scientiest="F. Müller von Reichenstein">1782</date>
1408                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1409                 <group>6</group>
1410                 <electronegativity>2.1</electronegativity>
1411                 <meltingpoint>722.72</meltingpoint>
1412                 <boilingpoint>1261</boilingpoint>
1413                 <density>6.25</density>
1414                 <ionisationenergy>
1415                         <energy>9.009 </energy>
1416
1417                 </ionisationenergy>
1418                 <radius>
1419                         <atomic>143.2</atomic>
1420                 </radius>
1421                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p4</orbits>
1422                 <oxydation>(-2),+4,(+6)</oxydation>
1423                 <isotopes>68:119,904048:0,09;78:129,906229:34,08</isotopes>
1424                 <family>Metalloids</family>
1425
1426         </element>
1427         <element>
1428                 <number>53</number>
1429                 <name>Iodine</name>
1430                 <symbol>I</symbol>
1431                 <weight>126.90447</weight>
1432                 <block>p</block>
1433                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
1434                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1435                 <date scientiest="B. Courtois">1804</date>
1436                 <biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
1437                 <group>7</group>
1438                 <electronegativity>2.66</electronegativity>
1439                 <meltingpoint>386.7</meltingpoint>
1440                 <boilingpoint>457.5</boilingpoint>
1441                 <density>4.94</density>
1442                 <ionisationenergy>
1443                         <energy>10.451 </energy>
1444
1445                 </ionisationenergy>
1446                 <radius>
1447                         <atomic>133.1</atomic>
1448                 </radius>
1449                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5</orbits>
1450                 <oxydation>-1,(+1,+3,+5,+7)</oxydation>
1451                 <family>Halogene</family>
1452         </element>
1453         <element>
1454                 <number>54</number>
1455                 <name>Xenon</name>
1456                 <symbol>Xe</symbol>
1457                 <weight>131.293</weight>
1458                 <block>p</block>
1459                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
1460                 <aggregation>2</aggregation>
1461                 <date scientiest="W. Ramsay, M. W. Travers">1898</date>
1462                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1463                 <group>8</group>
1464                 <electronegativity>2.6</electronegativity>
1465                 <meltingpoint>161.39</meltingpoint>
1466                 <boilingpoint>165.1</boilingpoint>
1467                 <density>4.49</density>
1468                 <ionisationenergy>
1469                         <energy>12.130 </energy>
1470
1471                 </ionisationenergy>
1472                 <radius>
1473                         <atomic>218</atomic>
1474                 </radius>
1475                 <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p6</orbits>
1476                 <oxydation>+4,(+2,+6)</oxydation>
1477                 <isotopes>70:123,906:0,094;72:125,904:0,088;74:127,904:1,9;75:128,905:26,23;76:129,904:4,07;77:130,905:21,17;78:131,904:26,96;80:133,905:10,54;82:135,907:8,95</isotopes>
1478                 <family>Noblegas</family>
1479
1480         </element>
1481         <element>
1482                 <number>55</number>
1483                 <name>Caesium</name>
1484                 <symbol>Cs</symbol>
1485                 <weight>132.90545</weight>
1486                 <block>s</block>
1487                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1488                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1489                 <date scientiest="Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff">1860</date>
1490                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1491                 <group>1</group>
1492                 <electronegativity>0.79</electronegativity>
1493                 <meltingpoint>301.54</meltingpoint>
1494                 <boilingpoint>944</boilingpoint>
1495                 <density>1.90</density>
1496                 <ionisationenergy>
1497                         <energy>3.894 </energy>
1498
1499                 </ionisationenergy>
1500                 <radius>
1501                         <atomic>265.5</atomic>
1502                 </radius>
1503                 <orbits>Xe 6s1</orbits>
1504                 <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
1505                 <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
1506
1507         </element>
1508         <element>
1509                 <number>56</number>
1510                 <name>Barium</name>
1511                 <symbol>Ba</symbol>
1512                 <weight>137.237</weight>
1513                 <block>s</block>
1514                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1515                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1516                 <date scientiest="Humphry Bartholomew Davy">1808</date>
1517                 <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
1518                 <group>2</group>
1519                 <electronegativity>0.89</electronegativity>
1520                 <meltingpoint>1002</meltingpoint>
1521                 <boilingpoint>2078</boilingpoint>
1522                 <density>3.65</density>
1523                 <ionisationenergy>
1524                         <energy>5.212 </energy>
1525
1526                 </ionisationenergy>
1527                 <radius>
1528                         <atomic>217.3</atomic>
1529                 </radius>
1530                 <orbits>Xe 6s2</orbits>
1531                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
1532                 <isotopes>74:129,906:0,101;76:131,905:0,097</isotopes>
1533                 <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
1534
1535         </element>
1536         <element>
1537                 <number>57</number>
1538                 <name>Lanthanum</name>
1539                 <symbol>La</symbol>
1540                 <weight>138.9055</weight>
1541                 <block>f</block>
1542                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1543                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1544                 <date scientiest="K. G. Mosander">1839</date>
1545                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1546                 <group>3</group>
1547                 <electronegativity>1.10</electronegativity>
1548                 <meltingpoint>1191</meltingpoint>
1549                 <boilingpoint>3737</boilingpoint>
1550                 <density>6.16</density>
1551                 <ionisationenergy>
1552                         <energy>5.577 </energy>
1553
1554                 </ionisationenergy>
1555                 <radius>
1556                         <atomic>187.7</atomic>
1557                 </radius>
1558                 <orbits>Xe 5d1 6s2</orbits>
1559                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1560                 <isotopes>81:137,907:0,089;82:138,91:99,911</isotopes>
1561                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1562
1563         </element>
1564         <element>
1565                 <number>58</number>
1566                 <name>Cerium</name>
1567                 <symbol>Ce</symbol>
1568                 <weight>140.116</weight>
1569                 <block>f</block>
1570                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1571                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1572                 <date scientiest="Jöns Jacob Berzelius, W. Hisinger, M. Klaproth">1803</date>
1573                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1574                 <group>4</group>
1575                 <electronegativity>1.12</electronegativity>
1576                 <meltingpoint>1071</meltingpoint>
1577                 <boilingpoint>3715</boilingpoint>
1578                 <density>6.77</density>
1579                 <ionisationenergy>
1580                         <energy>5.47 </energy>
1581
1582                 </ionisationenergy>
1583                 <radius>
1584                         <atomic>182.5</atomic>
1585                 </radius>
1586                 <orbits>Xe 4f1 5d1 6s2</orbits>
1587                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
1588                 <isotopes>78:135,907:0,193;80:137,906:0,25;82:139,905:88,46;84:141,909:11,07</isotopes>
1589                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1590
1591         </element>
1592         <element>
1593                 <number>59</number>
1594                 <name>Praseodymium</name>
1595                 <symbol>Pr</symbol>
1596                 <weight>140.90765</weight>
1597                 <block>f</block>
1598                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1599                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1600                 <date scientiest="K. C. Auer von Welsbach">1885</date>
1601                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1602                 <group>5</group>
1603                 <electronegativity>1.13</electronegativity>
1604                 <meltingpoint>1204</meltingpoint>
1605                 <boilingpoint>3785</boilingpoint>
1606                 <density>6.48</density>
1607                 <ionisationenergy>
1608                         <energy>5.42 </energy>
1609
1610                 </ionisationenergy>
1611                 <radius>
1612                         <atomic>182.8</atomic>
1613                 </radius>
1614                 <orbits>Xe 4f3 6s2</orbits>
1615                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
1616                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1617
1618         </element>
1619         <element>
1620                 <number>60</number>
1621                 <name>Neodymium</name>
1622                 <symbol>Nd</symbol>
1623                 <weight>144.24</weight>
1624                 <block>f</block>
1625                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1626                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1627                 <date scientiest="C. Auer von Welsbach">1925</date>
1628                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1629                 <group>6</group>
1630                 <electronegativity>1.14</electronegativity>
1631                 <meltingpoint>1294</meltingpoint>
1632                 <boilingpoint>3347</boilingpoint>
1633                 <density>7.00</density>
1634                 <ionisationenergy>
1635                         <energy>5.49 </energy>
1636
1637                 </ionisationenergy>
1638                 <radius>
1639                         <atomic>182.1</atomic>
1640                 </radius>
1641                 <orbits>Xe 4f4 6s2</orbits>
1642                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1643                 <isotopes>82:141,907:27,1;83:142,91:12,2;85:144,912:8,3;86:145,913:17,2;88:147,916:5,72;90:149,921:5,6</isotopes>
1644                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1645
1646         </element>
1647         <element>
1648                 <number>61</number>
1649                 <name>Promethium</name>
1650                 <symbol>Pm</symbol>
1651                 <weight>146.9151</weight>
1652                 <block>f</block>
1653                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1654                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
1655                 <date scientiest="J. A. Marinsky, C. D. Coryell, L. E. Glendenin">1945</date>
1656                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1657                 <group>7</group>
1658                 <electronegativity>1.13</electronegativity>
1659                 <meltingpoint>1315</meltingpoint>
1660                 <boilingpoint>3273</boilingpoint>
1661                 <density>7.22</density>
1662                 <ionisationenergy>
1663                         <energy>5.55 </energy>
1664
1665                 </ionisationenergy>
1666                 <radius>
1667                         <atomic>181.0</atomic>
1668                 </radius>
1669                 <orbits>Xe 4f5 6s2</orbits>
1670                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1671                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1672
1673         </element>
1674         <element>
1675                 <number>62</number>
1676                 <name>Samarium</name>
1677                 <symbol>Sm</symbol>
1678                 <weight>150.36</weight>
1679                 <block>f</block>
1680                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1681                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1682                 <date scientiest="P. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1879</date>
1683                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1684                 <group>8</group>
1685                 <electronegativity>1.17</electronegativity>
1686                 <meltingpoint>1347</meltingpoint>
1687                 <boilingpoint>2067</boilingpoint>
1688                 <density>7.54</density>
1689                 <ionisationenergy>
1690                         <energy>5.63 </energy>
1691
1692                 </ionisationenergy>
1693                 <radius>
1694                         <atomic>180.2</atomic>
1695                 </radius>
1696                 <orbits>Xe 4f6 6s2</orbits>
1697                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
1698                 <isotopes>82:143,912:3;90:151,919:26;92:153,922:20</isotopes>
1699                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1700
1701         </element>
1702         <element>
1703                 <number>63</number>
1704                 <name>Europium</name>
1705                 <symbol>Eu</symbol>
1706                 <weight>151.964</weight>
1707                 <block>f</block>
1708                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1709                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1710                 <date scientiest="E. A. Demarcay">1901</date>
1711                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1712                 <group>8</group>
1713                 <electronegativity>1.2</electronegativity>
1714                 <meltingpoint>1095</meltingpoint>
1715                 <boilingpoint>1800</boilingpoint>
1716                 <density>5.25</density>
1717                 <ionisationenergy>
1718                         <energy>5.67 </energy>
1719
1720                 </ionisationenergy>
1721                 <radius>
1722                         <atomic>204.2</atomic>
1723                 </radius>
1724                 <orbits>Xe 4f7 6s2</orbits>
1725                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
1726                 <isotopes>88:150,92:47,7;90:152,921:52,23</isotopes>
1727                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1728
1729
1730         </element>
1731         <element>
1732                 <number>64</number>
1733                 <name>Gadolinium</name>
1734                 <symbol>Gd</symbol>
1735                 <weight>157.25</weight>
1736                 <block>f</block>
1737                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1738                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1739                 <date scientiest="">1880</date>
1740                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1741                 <group>8</group>
1742                 <electronegativity>1.20</electronegativity>
1743                 <meltingpoint>1585</meltingpoint>
1744                 <boilingpoint>3545</boilingpoint>
1745                 <density>7.89</density>
1746                 <ionisationenergy>
1747                         <energy>6.14 </energy>
1748
1749                 </ionisationenergy>
1750                 <radius>
1751                         <atomic>180.2</atomic>
1752                 </radius>
1753                 <orbits>Xe 4f7 5d1 6s2</orbits>
1754                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1755                 <isotopes>90:153,921:2,15;91:154,923:14,78;92:155,922:20,59;93:156,924:15,71;94:157,924:24,79;96:159,927:21,79</isotopes>
1756                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1757
1758         </element>
1759         <element>
1760                 <number>65</number>
1761                 <name>Terbium</name>
1762                 <symbol>Tb</symbol>
1763                 <weight>158.92534</weight>
1764                 <block>f</block>
1765                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1766                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1767                 <date scientiest="K. G. Mosander">1843</date>
1768                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1769                 <group>1</group>
1770                 <electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
1771                 <meltingpoint>1629</meltingpoint>
1772                 <boilingpoint>3500</boilingpoint>
1773                 <density>8.25</density>
1774                 <ionisationenergy>
1775                         <energy>5.85 </energy>
1776
1777                 </ionisationenergy>
1778                 <radius>
1779                         <atomic>178.2</atomic>
1780                 </radius>
1781                 <orbits>Xe 4f9 6s2</orbits>
1782                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
1783                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1784
1785         </element>
1786         <element>
1787                 <number>66</number>
1788                 <name>Dysprosium</name>
1789                 <symbol>Dy</symbol>
1790                 <weight>162.50</weight>
1791                 <block>f</block>
1792                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1793                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1794                 <date scientiest="F. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1886</date>
1795                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1796                 <group>2</group>
1797                 <electronegativity>1.22</electronegativity>
1798                 <meltingpoint>1685</meltingpoint>
1799                 <boilingpoint>2840</boilingpoint>
1800                 <density>8.56</density>
1801                 <ionisationenergy>
1802                         <energy>5.93 </energy>
1803
1804                 </ionisationenergy>
1805                 <radius>
1806                         <atomic>177.3</atomic>
1807                 </radius>
1808                 <orbits>Xe 4f10 6s2</orbits>
1809                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1810                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1811
1812         </element>
1813         <element>
1814                 <number>67</number>
1815                 <name>Holmium</name>
1816                 <symbol>Ho</symbol>
1817                 <weight>164.93032</weight>
1818                 <block>f</block>
1819                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1820                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1821                 <date scientiest="J. L. Soret, P.T. Cleve">1878</date>
1822                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1823                 <group>3</group>
1824                 <electronegativity>1.23</electronegativity>
1825                 <meltingpoint>1747</meltingpoint>
1826                 <boilingpoint>2968</boilingpoint>
1827                 <density>8.78</density>
1828                 <ionisationenergy>
1829                         <energy>6.02 </energy>
1830
1831                 </ionisationenergy>
1832                 <radius>
1833                         <atomic>176.6</atomic>
1834                 </radius>
1835                 <orbits>Xe 4f11 6s2</orbits>
1836                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1837                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1838
1839         </element>
1840         <element>
1841                 <number>68</number>
1842                 <name>Erbium</name>
1843                 <symbol>Er</symbol>
1844                 <weight>167.259</weight>
1845                 <block>f</block>
1846                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1847                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1848                 <date scientiest="K. G. Mosander">1843</date>
1849                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1850                 <group>4</group>
1851                 <electronegativity>1.24</electronegativity>
1852                 <meltingpoint>1802</meltingpoint>
1853                 <boilingpoint>3140</boilingpoint>
1854                 <density>9.05</density>
1855                 <ionisationenergy>
1856                         <energy>6.10 </energy>
1857
1858                 </ionisationenergy>
1859                 <radius>
1860                         <atomic>175.7</atomic>
1861                 </radius>
1862                 <orbits>Xe 4f12 6s2</orbits>
1863                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1864                 <isotopes>94:161,929:0,25;96:163,929:2;102:169,935:10</isotopes>
1865                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1866
1867         </element>
1868         <element>
1869                 <number>69</number>
1870                 <name>Thulium</name>
1871                 <symbol>Tm</symbol>
1872                 <weight>168.93421</weight>
1873                 <block>f</block>
1874                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1875                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1876                 <date scientiest="P. T. Cleve">1879</date>
1877                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1878                 <group>5</group>
1879                 <electronegativity>1.25</electronegativity>
1880                 <meltingpoint>1818</meltingpoint>
1881                 <boilingpoint>2223</boilingpoint>
1882                 <density>9.32</density>
1883                 <ionisationenergy>
1884                         <energy>6.18 </energy>
1885                 </ionisationenergy>
1886                 <radius>
1887                         <atomic>174.6</atomic>
1888                 </radius>
1889                 <orbits>Xe 4f13 6s2</orbits>
1890                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
1891                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1892         </element>
1893         <element>
1894                 <number>70</number>
1895                 <name>Ytterbium</name>
1896                 <symbol>Yb</symbol>
1897                 <weight>173.04</weight>
1898                 <block>f</block>
1899                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1900                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1901                 <date scientiest="J. Ch. Marignac">1878</date>
1902                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1903                 <group>6</group>
1904                 <electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
1905                 <meltingpoint>1092</meltingpoint>
1906                 <boilingpoint>1469</boilingpoint>
1907                 <density>9.32</density>
1908                 <ionisationenergy>
1909                         <energy>6.254 </energy>
1910                 </ionisationenergy>
1911                 <radius>
1912                         <atomic>194</atomic>
1913                 </radius>
1914                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 6s2</orbits>
1915                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
1916                 <isotopes>98:167,934:0,06;106:175,943:13,38</isotopes>
1917                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1918         </element>
1919         <element>
1920                 <number>71</number>
1921                 <name>Lutetium</name>
1922                 <symbol>Lu</symbol>
1923                 <weight>174.967</weight>
1924                 <block>f</block>
1925                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
1926                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1927                 <date scientiest="C. Auer von Welsbach, G. Urbain">1907</date>
1928                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1929                 <group>7</group>
1930                 <electronegativity>1.27</electronegativity>
1931                 <meltingpoint>1936</meltingpoint>
1932                 <boilingpoint>3668</boilingpoint>
1933                 <density>9.84</density>
1934                 <ionisationenergy>
1935                         <energy>5.426 </energy>
1936                 </ionisationenergy>
1937                 <radius>
1938                         <atomic>173.4</atomic>
1939                 </radius>
1940                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d1 6s2</orbits>
1941                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
1942                 <isotopes>104:174,941:97,5;105:175,943:2,5</isotopes>
1943                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
1944         </element>
1945         <element>
1946                 <number>72</number>
1947                 <name>Hafnium</name>
1948                 <symbol>Hf</symbol>
1949                 <weight>178.49</weight>
1950                 <block>d</block>
1951                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1952                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1953                 <date scientiest="D. Coster, G. Hevesy">1923</date>
1954                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1955                 <group>4</group>
1956                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
1957                 <meltingpoint>2504</meltingpoint>
1958                 <boilingpoint>4875</boilingpoint>
1959                 <density>13.31</density>
1960                 <ionisationenergy>
1961                         <energy>7.0 </energy>
1962
1963                 </ionisationenergy>
1964                 <radius>
1965                         <atomic>156.4</atomic>
1966                 </radius>
1967                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d2 6s2</orbits>
1968                 <oxydation>+5</oxydation>
1969                 <family>Transition</family>
1970
1971         </element>
1972         <element>
1973                 <number>73</number>
1974                 <name>Tantalum</name>
1975                 <symbol>Ta</symbol>
1976                 <weight>180.9479</weight>
1977                 <block>d</block>
1978                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
1979                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
1980                 <date scientiest="A. Ekeberg">1802</date>
1981                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
1982                 <group>5</group>
1983                 <electronegativity>1.5</electronegativity>
1984                 <meltingpoint>3293</meltingpoint>
1985                 <boilingpoint>5730</boilingpoint>
1986                 <density>16.68</density>
1987                 <ionisationenergy>
1988                         <energy>7.89 </energy>
1989                 </ionisationenergy>
1990                 <radius>
1991                         <atomic>143</atomic>
1992                 </radius>
1993                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d3 6s2</orbits>
1994                 <oxydation>+3,+5</oxydation>
1995                 <family>Transition</family>
1996
1997         </element>
1998         <element>
1999                 <number>74</number>
2000                 <name>Tungsten</name>
2001                 <symbol>W</symbol>
2002                 <weight>183.84</weight>
2003                 <block>d</block>
2004                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2005                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2006                 <date scientiest="K. W. Scheel">1783</date>
2007                 <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
2008                 <group>6</group>
2009                 <electronegativity>2.36</electronegativity>
2010                 <meltingpoint>3695</meltingpoint>
2011                 <boilingpoint>5825</boilingpoint>
2012                 <density>19.26</density>
2013                 <ionisationenergy>
2014                         <energy>7.98 </energy>
2015                 </ionisationenergy>
2016                 <radius>
2017                         <atomic>137.0</atomic>
2018                 </radius>
2019                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d4 6s2</orbits>
2020                 <oxydation>(+4), +6</oxydation>
2021                 <isotopes>106:179,947:0,122;112:185,954:29,17</isotopes>
2022                 <family>Transition</family>
2023         </element>
2024         <element>
2025                 <number>75</number>
2026                 <name>Rhenium</name>
2027                 <symbol>Re</symbol>
2028                 <weight>186.207</weight>
2029                 <block>d</block>
2030                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2031                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2032                 <date scientiest="W. Noddack, I. Tacke-Noddack, O. Berg">1925</date>
2033                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2034                 <group>7</group>
2035                 <electronegativity>1.9</electronegativity>
2036                 <meltingpoint>3455</meltingpoint>
2037                 <boilingpoint>5870</boilingpoint>
2038                 <density>21.03</density>
2039                 <ionisationenergy>
2040                         <energy>7.88 </energy>
2041
2042                 </ionisationenergy>
2043                 <radius>
2044                         <atomic>137.0</atomic>
2045                 </radius>
2046                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d5 6s2</orbits>
2047                 <oxydation>+7,+2,+4</oxydation>
2048                 <family>Transition</family>
2049
2050         </element>
2051         <element>
2052                 <number>76</number>
2053                 <name>Osmium</name>
2054                 <symbol>Os</symbol>
2055                 <weight>190.23</weight>
2056                 <block>d</block>
2057                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2058                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2059                 <date scientiest="S. Tennant">1804</date>
2060                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2061                 <group>8</group>
2062                 <electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
2063                 <meltingpoint>3300</meltingpoint>
2064                 <boilingpoint>5300</boilingpoint>
2065                 <density>22.61</density>
2066                 <ionisationenergy>
2067                         <energy>8.7 </energy>
2068
2069                 </ionisationenergy>
2070                 <radius>
2071                         <atomic>135</atomic>
2072                 </radius>
2073                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d6 6s2</orbits>
2074                 <oxydation>+4,(+2,+3,+6,+8)</oxydation>
2075                 <isotopes>108:183,953:0,018;116:191,96:41</isotopes>
2076                 <family>Transition</family>
2077
2078         </element>
2079         <element>
2080                 <number>77</number>
2081                 <name>Iridium</name>
2082                 <symbol>Ir</symbol>
2083                 <weight>192.217</weight>
2084                 <block>d</block>
2085                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2086                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2087                 <date scientiest="S. Tennant">1804</date>
2088                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2089                 <group>8</group>
2090                 <electronegativity>2.20</electronegativity>
2091                 <meltingpoint>2720</meltingpoint>
2092                 <boilingpoint>4700</boilingpoint>
2093                 <density>22.65</density>
2094                 <ionisationenergy>
2095                         <energy>9.1 </energy>
2096
2097                 </ionisationenergy>
2098                 <radius>
2099                         <atomic>135.7</atomic>
2100                 </radius>
2101                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d7 6s2</orbits>
2102                 <oxydation>+1,+4,(+2,+3,+6)</oxydation>
2103                 <isotopes>114:190,96:38,5;116:192,96:61,5</isotopes>
2104                 <family>Transition</family>
2105
2106         </element>
2107         <element>
2108                 <number>78</number>
2109                 <name>Platinum</name>
2110                 <symbol>Pt</symbol>
2111                 <weight>195.078</weight>
2112                 <block>d</block>
2113                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2114                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2115                 <date scientiest="A. de Ulloa">1735</date>
2116                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2117                 <group>8</group>
2118                 <electronegativity>2.28</electronegativity>
2119                 <meltingpoint>2042.1</meltingpoint>
2120                 <boilingpoint>4100</boilingpoint>
2121                 <density>21.450</density>
2122                 <ionisationenergy>
2123                         <energy>9.0 </energy>
2124
2125                 </ionisationenergy>
2126                 <radius>
2127                         <atomic>138</atomic>
2128                 </radius>
2129                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d9 6s1</orbits>
2130                 <oxydation>+2,+4</oxydation>
2131                 <isotopes>114:191,96:0,8;120:197,97:7,2</isotopes>
2132                 <family>Transition</family>
2133
2134         </element>
2135         <element>
2136                 <number>79</number>
2137                 <name>Gold</name>
2138                 <symbol>Au</symbol>
2139                 <weight>196.96654</weight>
2140                 <block>d</block>
2141                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2142                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2143                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
2144                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2145                 <group>1</group>
2146                 <electronegativity>2.54</electronegativity>
2147                 <meltingpoint>1337.58</meltingpoint>
2148                 <boilingpoint>3130</boilingpoint>
2149                 <density>19.32</density>
2150                 <ionisationenergy>
2151                         <energy>9.225 </energy>
2152
2153                 </ionisationenergy>
2154                 <radius>
2155                         <atomic>144.2</atomic>
2156                 </radius>
2157                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1</orbits>
2158                 <oxydation>(+1),+3</oxydation>
2159                 <family>Transition</family>
2160
2161         </element>
2162         <element>
2163                 <number>80</number>
2164                 <name>Mercury</name>
2165                 <symbol>Hg</symbol>
2166                 <weight>200.59</weight>
2167                 <block>d</block>
2168                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2169                 <aggregation>1</aggregation>
2170                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
2171                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2172                 <group>2</group>
2173                 <electronegativity>2.00</electronegativity>
2174                 <meltingpoint>234.31</meltingpoint>
2175                 <boilingpoint>629.88</boilingpoint>
2176                 <density>13.55</density>
2177                 <ionisationenergy>
2178                         <energy>10.437 </energy>
2179
2180                 </ionisationenergy>
2181                 <radius>
2182                         <atomic>160</atomic>
2183                 </radius>
2184                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2</orbits>
2185                 <oxydation>(+1),+2</oxydation>
2186                 <isotopes>116:195,97:0,15;124:203,97:6,72</isotopes>
2187                 <family>Transition</family>
2188
2189         </element>
2190         <element>
2191                 <number>81</number>
2192                 <name>Thallium</name>
2193                 <symbol>Tl</symbol>
2194                 <weight>204.3833</weight>
2195                 <block>p</block>
2196                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2197                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2198                 <date scientiest="W. Crookes">1861</date>
2199                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2200                 <group>3</group>
2201                 <electronegativity>2.04</electronegativity>
2202                 <meltingpoint>577</meltingpoint>
2203                 <boilingpoint>1746</boilingpoint>
2204                 <density>11.85</density>
2205                 <ionisationenergy>
2206                         <energy>6.108 </energy>
2207                 </ionisationenergy>
2208                 <radius>
2209                         <atomic>170.4</atomic>
2210                 </radius>
2211                 <radius>
2212                         <atomic>160</atomic>
2213                 </radius>
2214                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1</orbits>
2215                 <oxydation>+1,(+3)</oxydation>
2216                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
2217         </element>
2218         <element>
2219                 <number>82</number>
2220                 <name>Lead</name>
2221                 <symbol>Pb</symbol>
2222                 <weight>207.2</weight>
2223                 <block>p</block>
2224                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2225                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2226                 <date scientiest="">0</date>
2227                 <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
2228                 <group>4</group>
2229                 <electronegativity>2.33</electronegativity>
2230                 <meltingpoint>600.65</meltingpoint>
2231                 <boilingpoint>2023</boilingpoint>
2232                 <density>11.34</density>
2233                 <ionisationenergy>
2234                         <energy>7.416 </energy>
2235
2236                 </ionisationenergy>
2237                 <radius>
2238                         <atomic>175</atomic>
2239                 </radius>
2240                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2</orbits>
2241                 <oxydation>+2,(+4)</oxydation>
2242                 <isotopes>124:205,97:25,1;125:206,98:21,1;126:207,98:52,4</isotopes>
2243                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
2244
2245         </element>
2246         <element>
2247                 <number>83</number>
2248                 <name>Bismuth</name>
2249                 <symbol>Bi</symbol>
2250                 <weight>208.98038</weight>
2251                 <block>p</block>
2252                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2253                 <aggregation>0</aggregation>
2254                 <date scientiest="P. Pott, T. O. Bergmann">0</date>
2255                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2256                 <group>5</group>
2257                 <electronegativity>2.02</electronegativity>
2258                 <meltingpoint>544.59</meltingpoint>
2259                 <boilingpoint>1837</boilingpoint>
2260                 <density>9.80</density>
2261                 <ionisationenergy>
2262                         <energy>7.289 </energy>
2263
2264                 </ionisationenergy>
2265                 <radius>
2266                         <atomic>155</atomic>
2267                 </radius>
2268                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3</orbits>
2269                 <oxydation>+3,(+5)</oxydation>
2270                 <family>Other_Metal</family>
2271
2272         </element>
2273         <element>
2274                 <number>84</number>
2275                 <name>Polonium</name>
2276                 <symbol>Po</symbol>
2277                 <weight>208.9824</weight>
2278                 <block>p</block>
2279                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2280                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2281                 <date scientiest="M. Sklodowska-Curie, P. Curie">1898</date>
2282                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2283                 <group>6</group>
2284                 <electronegativity>2.0</electronegativity>
2285                 <meltingpoint>527</meltingpoint>
2286                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2287                 <density>9.20</density>
2288                 <ionisationenergy>
2289                         <energy>8.42 </energy>
2290
2291                 </ionisationenergy>
2292                 <radius>
2293                         <atomic>167.5</atomic>
2294                 </radius>
2295                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4</orbits>
2296                 <oxydation>(+2),+4,(+6)</oxydation>
2297                 <family>Metalloids</family>
2298
2299         </element>
2300         <element>
2301                 <number>85</number>
2302                 <name>Astatine</name>
2303                 <symbol>At</symbol>
2304                 <weight>209.9871</weight>
2305                 <block>p</block>
2306                 <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
2307                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2308                 <date scientiest="D.R. Corson, K.R. McKenzie, E. Segre">1940</date>
2309                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2310                 <group>7</group>
2311                 <electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
2312                 <meltingpoint>575       </meltingpoint>
2313                 <boilingpoint>610</boilingpoint>
2314                 <density></density>
2315                 <ionisationenergy>
2316                         <energy>9.5 </energy>
2317
2318                 </ionisationenergy>
2319                 <radius>
2320                         <atomic></atomic>
2321                 </radius>
2322                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5</orbits>
2323                 <oxydation>-1,(1,3,5,7)</oxydation>
2324                 <family>Halogene</family>
2325
2326         </element>
2327         <element>
2328                 <number>86</number>
2329                 <name>Radon</name>
2330                 <symbol>Rn</symbol>
2331                 <weight>222.0176</weight>
2332                 <block>p</block>
2333                 <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
2334                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2335                 <date scientiest="E. Dorn">1898</date>
2336                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2337                 <group>8</group>
2338                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
2339                 <meltingpoint>202</meltingpoint>
2340                 <boilingpoint>211.4</boilingpoint>
2341                 <density>9.23</density>
2342                 <ionisationenergy>
2343                         <energy>10.748 </energy>
2344
2345                 </ionisationenergy>
2346                 <radius>
2347                         <atomic></atomic>
2348                 </radius>
2349                 <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6</orbits>
2350                 <oxydation>2</oxydation>
2351                 <family>Noblegas</family>
2352
2353         </element>
2354         <element>
2355                 <number>87</number>
2356                 <name>Francium</name>
2357                 <symbol>Fr</symbol>
2358                 <weight>223.0197</weight>
2359                 <block>s</block>
2360                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2361                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2362                 <date scientiest="M. Perey">1939</date>
2363                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2364                 <group>1</group>
2365                 <electronegativity>0.7</electronegativity>
2366                 <meltingpoint>300</meltingpoint>
2367                 <boilingpoint>950</boilingpoint>
2368                 <density></density>
2369                 <ionisationenergy>
2370                         <energy>4.0 </energy>
2371
2372                 </ionisationenergy>
2373                 <radius>
2374                         <atomic>270</atomic>
2375                 </radius>
2376                 <orbits>Rd 7s1</orbits>
2377                 <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
2378                 <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
2379
2380         </element>
2381         <element>
2382                 <number>88</number>
2383                 <name>Radium</name>
2384                 <symbol>Ra</symbol>
2385                 <weight>226.0254</weight>
2386                 <block>s</block>
2387                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2388                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2389                 <date scientiest="M. Sklodowska-Curie, P. Curie">1898</date>
2390                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2391                 <group>2</group>
2392                 <electronegativity>0.89</electronegativity>
2393                 <meltingpoint>973</meltingpoint>
2394                 <boilingpoint>1413</boilingpoint>
2395                 <density>5.50</density>
2396                 <ionisationenergy>
2397                         <energy>5.279 </energy>
2398
2399                 </ionisationenergy>
2400                 <radius>
2401                         <atomic>223</atomic>
2402                 </radius>
2403                 <orbits>Rd 7s2</orbits>
2404                 <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
2405                 <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
2406
2407         </element>
2408         <element>
2409                 <number>89</number>
2410                 <name>Actinium</name>
2411                 <symbol>Ac</symbol>
2412                 <weight>227.0278</weight>
2413                 <block>f</block>
2414                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2415                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2416                 <date scientiest="A.L. Debierne">1899</date>
2417                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2418                 <group>3</group>
2419                 <electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
2420                 <meltingpoint>1324</meltingpoint>
2421                 <boilingpoint>3470</boilingpoint>
2422                 <density>10.07</density>
2423                 <ionisationenergy>
2424                         <energy>6.9 </energy>
2425
2426                 </ionisationenergy>
2427                 <radius>
2428                         <atomic>187.8</atomic>
2429                 </radius>
2430                 <orbits>Rd 6d1 7s2</orbits>
2431                 <oxydation>(+2),+3</oxydation>
2432                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2433
2434         </element>
2435         <element>
2436                 <number>90</number>
2437                 <name>Thorium</name>
2438                 <symbol>Th</symbol>
2439                 <weight>232.0381</weight>
2440                 <block>f</block>
2441                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2442                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2443                 <date scientiest="J. J. Berzelius">1828</date>
2444                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2445                 <group>4</group>
2446                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2447                 <meltingpoint>2028</meltingpoint>
2448                 <boilingpoint>5060</boilingpoint>
2449                 <density>11.72</density>
2450                 <ionisationenergy>
2451                         <energy>6.95 </energy>
2452
2453                 </ionisationenergy>
2454                 <radius>
2455                         <atomic>179.8</atomic>
2456                 </radius>
2457                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
2458                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2459         </element>
2460         <element>
2461                 <number>91</number>
2462                 <name>Protactinium</name>
2463                 <symbol>Pa</symbol>
2464                 <weight>231.03588</weight>
2465                 <block>f</block>
2466                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2467                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2468                 <date scientiest="O. Hahn, L. Meitern, W. Wollaston">1917</date>
2469                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2470                 <group>5</group>
2471                 <electronegativity>1.5</electronegativity>
2472                 <meltingpoint>1845</meltingpoint>
2473                 <boilingpoint>4300</boilingpoint>
2474                 <density>15.37</density>
2475                 <radius>
2476                         <atomic>180.6</atomic>
2477                 </radius>
2478                 <oxydation>+4,+5</oxydation>
2479                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2480         </element>
2481         <element>
2482                 <number>92</number>
2483                 <name>Uranium</name>
2484                 <symbol>U</symbol>
2485                 <weight>238.02891</weight>
2486                 <block>f</block>
2487                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2488                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2489                 <date scientiest="M. M. Klaproth">1789</date>
2490                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2491                 <group>6</group>
2492                 <electronegativity>1.38</electronegativity>
2493                 <meltingpoint>1408</meltingpoint>
2494                 <boilingpoint>4407</boilingpoint>
2495                 <density>18.97</density>
2496                 <ionisationenergy>
2497                         <energy>6.08 </energy>
2498
2499                 </ionisationenergy>
2500                 <radius>
2501                         <atomic>138.5</atomic>
2502                 </radius>
2503                 <oxydation>+3,+4,+5,+6,+7</oxydation>
2504                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2505
2506         </element>
2507         <element>
2508                 <number>93</number>
2509                 <name>Neptunium</name>
2510                 <symbol>Np</symbol>
2511                 <weight>237.0482</weight>
2512                 <block>f</block>
2513                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2514                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2515                 <date scientiest="E. M. McMillan, P. Aberson">1940</date>
2516                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2517                 <group>7</group>
2518                 <electronegativity>1.36</electronegativity>
2519                 <meltingpoint>912</meltingpoint>
2520                 <boilingpoint>4175</boilingpoint>
2521                 <density>20.48</density>
2522                 <ionisationenergy>
2523
2524
2525                 </ionisationenergy>
2526                 <radius>
2527                         <atomic>131</atomic>
2528                 </radius>
2529                 <oxydation>+4,+3,+5,+7</oxydation>
2530                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2531         </element>
2532         <element>
2533                 <number>94</number>
2534                 <name>Plutonium</name>
2535                 <symbol>Pu</symbol>
2536                 <weight>244.0642</weight>
2537                 <block>f</block>
2538                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2539                 <aggregation>3</aggregation>
2540                 <date scientiest="G.T. Seaborg, E.M. McMillan, J.W. Kennedy, A.C. Wahl">1940</date>
2541                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2542                 <group>8</group>
2543                 <electronegativity>1.28</electronegativity>
2544                 <meltingpoint>913</meltingpoint>
2545                 <boilingpoint>3505</boilingpoint>
2546                 <density>19.74</density>
2547                 <ionisationenergy>
2548                         <energy>5.8 </energy>
2549                 </ionisationenergy>
2550                 <radius>
2551                         <atomic>151</atomic>
2552                 </radius>
2553                 <oxydation>+3,+4,+5,+6,+7</oxydation>
2554                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2555         </element>
2556         <element>
2557                 <number>95</number>
2558                 <name>Americium</name>
2559                 <symbol>Am</symbol>
2560                 <weight>243.0614</weight>
2561                 <block>f</block>
2562                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2563                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2564                 <date scientiest="G.T. Seaborg, L.O. Morgan, R.A. James, A. Ghiors">1945</date>
2565                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2566                 <group>8</group>
2567                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2568                 <meltingpoint>1449</meltingpoint>
2569                 <boilingpoint>2880</boilingpoint>
2570                 <density>13.67</density>
2571                 <ionisationenergy>
2572                         <energy>6.0</energy>
2573                 </ionisationenergy>
2574                 <radius>
2575                         <atomic>184</atomic>
2576                 </radius>
2577                 <oxydation>+2,+3,+4,+5,+6</oxydation>
2578                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2579         </element>
2580         <element>
2581                 <number>96</number>
2582                 <name>Curium</name>
2583                 <symbol>Cm</symbol>
2584                 <weight>247.0703</weight>
2585                 <block>f</block>
2586                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2587                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2588                 <date scientiest="G. T. Seaborg, R. A. James, A. Ghiors">1944</date>
2589                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2590                 <group>8</group>
2591                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2592                 <meltingpoint>1620</meltingpoint>
2593                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2594                 <density>13.51</density>
2595                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
2596                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2597         </element>
2598         <element>
2599                 <number>97</number>
2600                 <name>Berkelium</name>
2601                 <symbol>Bk</symbol>
2602                 <weight>247.0703</weight>
2603                 <block>f</block>
2604                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2605                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2606                 <date scientiest="G. T. Seaborg, A. Ghiors, S.G. Thompson">1949</date>
2607                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2608                 <group>1</group>
2609                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2610                 <meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
2611                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2612                 <density>13.25</density>
2613                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
2614                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2615         </element>
2616         <element>
2617                 <number>98</number>
2618                 <name>Californium</name>
2619                 <symbol>Cf</symbol>
2620                 <weight>251.0796</weight>
2621                 <block>f</block>
2622                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2623                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2624                 <date scientiest="G. T. Seaborg, A Ghiors, S. G. Thompson">1950</date>
2625                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2626                 <group>2</group>
2627                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2628                 <meltingpoint>1170</meltingpoint>
2629                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2630                 <density>15.1</density>
2631                 <oxydation>+3,+4</oxydation>
2632                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2633         </element>
2634         <element>
2635                 <number>99</number>
2636                 <name>Einsteinium</name>
2637                 <symbol>Es</symbol>
2638                 <weight>252.0829</weight>
2639                 <block>f</block>
2640                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2641                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2642                 <date scientiest="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1952</date>
2643                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2644                 <group>3</group>
2645                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2646                 <meltingpoint>1130</meltingpoint>
2647                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
2648                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2649         </element>
2650         <element>
2651                 <number>100</number>
2652                 <name>Fermium</name>
2653                 <symbol>Fm</symbol>
2654                 <weight>257.0951</weight>
2655                 <block>f</block>
2656                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2657                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2658                 <date scientiest="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1953</date>
2659                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2660                 <group>4</group>
2661                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2662                 <meltingpoint>1800</meltingpoint>
2663                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
2664                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2665         </element>
2666         <element>
2667                 <number>101</number>
2668                 <name>Mendelevium</name>
2669                 <symbol>Md</symbol>
2670                 <weight>258.0986</weight>
2671                 <block>f</block>
2672                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2673                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2674                 <date scientiest="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1955</date>
2675                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2676                 <group>5</group>
2677                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2678                 <meltingpoint>1100</meltingpoint>
2679                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
2680                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2681         </element>
2682         <element>
2683                 <number>102</number>
2684                 <name>Nobelium</name>
2685                 <symbol>No</symbol>
2686                 <weight>259.1009</weight>
2687                 <block>f</block>
2688                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2689                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2690                 <date scientiest="">1957</date>
2691                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2692                 <group>6</group>
2693                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2694                 <meltingpoint>1100</meltingpoint>
2695                 <oxydation>+2,+3</oxydation>
2696                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2697         </element>
2698         <element>
2699                 <number>103</number>
2700                 <name>Lawrencium</name>
2701                 <symbol>Lr</symbol>
2702                 <weight>262.110</weight>
2703                 <block>f</block>
2704                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2705                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2706                 <date scientiest="">1961</date>
2707                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2708                 <group>7</group>
2709                 <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
2710                 <meltingpoint>1900</meltingpoint>
2711                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2712                 <density></density>
2713                 <ionisationenergy>
2714
2715
2716                 </ionisationenergy>
2717                 <radius>
2718                         <atomic></atomic>
2719                 </radius>
2720                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
2721                 <family>Rare_Earth</family>
2722
2723         </element>
2724         <element>
2725                 <number>104</number>
2726                 <name>Rutherfordium</name>
2727                 <symbol>Rf</symbol>
2728                 <weight>261.1089</weight>
2729                 <block>d</block>
2730                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2731                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2732                 <date scientiest="G.N. Florow; independently A. Ghiorso">1969</date>
2733                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2734                 <group>4</group>
2735                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
2736                 <meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
2737                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2738                 <density></density>
2739                 <ionisationenergy>
2740
2741
2742                 </ionisationenergy>
2743                 <radius>
2744                         <atomic></atomic>
2745                 </radius>
2746                 <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
2747                 <family>Transition</family>
2748
2749         </element>
2750         <element>
2751                 <number>105</number>
2752                 <name>Dubnium</name>
2753                 <symbol>Db</symbol>
2754                 <weight>262.1144</weight>
2755                 <block>d</block>
2756                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2757                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2758                 <date scientiest="">1970</date>
2759                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2760                 <group>5</group>
2761                 <electronegativity></electronegativity>
2762                 <meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
2763                 <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
2764                 <density></density>
2765                 <ionisationenergy>
2766
2767
2768                 </ionisationenergy>
2769                 <radius>
2770                         <atomic></atomic>
2771                 </radius>
2772                 <orbits>Rn 5f14 6d3 7s2</orbits>
2773                 <family>Transition</family>
2774         </element>
2775         <element>
2776                 <number>106</number>
2777                 <name>Seaborgium</name>
2778                 <symbol>Sg</symbol>
2779                 <weight>263.1186</weight>
2780                 <block>d</block>
2781                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2782                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2783                 <date scientiest="">1974</date>
2784                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2785                 <group>6</group>
2786                 <family>Transition</family>
2787         </element>
2788         <element>
2789                 <number>107</number>
2790                 <name>Bohrium</name>
2791                 <symbol>Bh</symbol>
2792                 <weight>262.1231</weight>
2793                 <block>d</block>
2794                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2795                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2796                 <date scientiest="">1976</date>
2797                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2798                 <group>7</group>
2799                 <family>Transition</family>
2800         </element>
2801         <element>
2802                 <number>108</number>
2803                 <name>Hassium</name>
2804                 <symbol>Hs</symbol>
2805                 <weight>265.1306</weight>
2806                 <block>d</block>
2807                 <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
2808                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2809                 <date scientiest="">1984</date>
2810                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2811                 <group>8</group>
2812                 <family>Transition</family>
2813         </element>
2814         <element>
2815                 <number>109</number>
2816                 <name>Meitnerium</name>
2817                 <symbol>Mt</symbol>
2818                 <weight>266.1378</weight>
2819                 <block>d</block>
2820                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2821                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2822                 <date scientiest="">1982</date>
2823                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2824                 <group>8</group>
2825                 <family>Transition</family>
2826         </element>
2827         <element>
2828                 <number>110</number>
2829                 <name>Darmstadtium</name>
2830                 <symbol>Ds</symbol>
2831                 <weight>271</weight>
2832                 <block>d</block>
2833                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2834                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2835                 <date scientiest="">1994</date>
2836                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2837                 <group>8</group>
2838                 <family>Transition</family>
2839         </element>
2840         <element>
2841                 <number>111</number>
2842                 <name>Roentgenium</name>
2843                 <symbol>Rg</symbol>
2844                 <weight>272</weight>
2845                 <block>d</block>
2846                 <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
2847                 <aggregation>4</aggregation>
2848                 <date scientiest="">1994</date>
2849                 <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
2850                 <group>8</group>
2851                 <family>Transition</family>
2852         </element>
2853 </kalzium>