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[httpd-crcsyncproxy.git] / apache / docs / manual / misc / perf-tuning.xml.ko

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="EUC-KR" ?>
<!DOCTYPE manualpage SYSTEM "../style/manualpage.dtd">
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../style/manual.ko.xsl"?>
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<manualpage metafile="perf-tuning.xml.meta">
  <parentdocument href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</parentdocument>

  <title>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼º´ÉÇâ»ó</title>

  <summary>

    <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº ±â´É°ú Æ÷Æð¡´É¼º°ú ¼º´ÉÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀÌ ¸Âµµ·Ï
    ¼³°èÇÑ ¹ü¿ë À¥¼­¹öÀÌ´Ù. º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© ±â·ÏÀ» ¼¼¿ì±âÀ§ÇØ ¼³°èÇÏÁö
    ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº ½ÇÁ¦ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ³ôÀº ¼º´ÉÀ» ³½´Ù.</p>

    <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3°ú ºñ±³Çؼ­ 2.0 ¹öÀüÀº 󸮷®°ú È®À强(scalability)À»
    ³ôÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ¸¹Àº ÃÖÀûÈ­¸¦ Çß´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î ´ëºÎºÐ ÃÖÀûÈ­ÇÑ
    °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÄÄÆÄÀϽà ȤÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¼º´É¿¡
    Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»óÇϱâÀ§ÇØ
    ¼­¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¼³Á¤
    ¿É¼ÇÀº À¥¼­¹ö°¡ Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ´õ Àß È°¿ëÇϵµ·Ï
    ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¾î¶² ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼Óµµ¸¦ À§ÇØ ±â´ÉÀ» Èñ»ýÇÑ´Ù.</p>

  </summary>

  <section id="hardware">

    <title>Çϵå¿þ¾î¿Í ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­</title>

    <p>À¥¼­¹ö ¼º´É¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Ù. ½º¿ÒÀº
    ¿äû´ç Áö¿¬½Ã°£À» »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ "ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£´Ù°í" »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô
    ´Ã¸®±â¶§¹®¿¡ À¥¼­¹ö´Â ½º¿ÒÀ» ÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ´À·ÁÁö¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â
    Á¤ÁöÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© ºÎÇÏ°¡ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. <directive
    module="mpm_common">MaxClients</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿©
    À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ½º¿ÒÀ» ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ¸¹Àº ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ¸¸µéÁö¾Êµµ·Ï Çؾß
    ÇÑ´Ù. ¹æ¹ýÀº °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù: <code>top</code>°ú °°Àº µµ±¸¿¡¼­
    ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ¸ñ·ÏÀ» º¸°í ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ Æò±Õ ¸Þ¸ð¸® »ç¿ë·®À»
    ¾Ë¾Æ³½ÈÄ, Àüü »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºµéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ
    °ø°£À» »« °ª¿¡¼­ ³ª´«´Ù.</p>

    <p>³ª¸ÓÁö´Â Æò¹üÇÏ´Ù: ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥ CPU, ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥ ³×Æ®¿÷Ä«µå,
    ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥ µð½ºÅ©, ¿©±â¼­ "ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸¥"Àº ½ÇÇèÀ» Çؼ­ °áÁ¤Çؾß
    ÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    <p>¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦´Â º¸Åë °¢ÀÚ ¾Ë¾Æ¼­ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î
    À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù°í ÆǸíµÈ ¸î°¡Áö ÁöħÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>
        <p>¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ÃֽŠ¾ÈÁ¤ ¹öÀü°ú ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
        ¸¹Àº ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ Á¦ÀÛ»ç´Â ÃÖ±Ù TCP ½ºÅðú ¾²·¹µå ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿¡
        ¸¹Àº ¼ÓµµÇâ»óÀ» Çß´Ù.</p>
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ <code>sendfile(2)</code> ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ»
        Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é, À̸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¹öÀüÀ̳ª ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö
        È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸®´ª½º¶ó¸é 2.4 ÀÌ»ó ¹öÀüÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
        Solaris 8 Ãʱ⠹öÀüÀº ÆÐÄ¡°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.) Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̶ó¸é
        ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2´Â <code>sendfile</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© CPU¸¦ ´ú
        »ç¿ëÇϸç Á¤Àû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´õ »¡¸® Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÕ´Ù.</p>
      </li>
    </ul>

  </section>

  <section id="runtime">

    <title>½ÇÇà½Ã ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­</title>

    <related>
      <modulelist>
        <module>mod_dir</module>
        <module>mpm_common</module>
        <module>mod_status</module>
      </modulelist>
      <directivelist>
        <directive module="core">AllowOverride</directive>
        <directive module="mod_dir">DirectoryIndex</directive>
        <directive module="core">HostnameLookups</directive>
        <directive module="core">EnableMMAP</directive>
        <directive module="core">EnableSendfile</directive>
        <directive module="core">KeepAliveTimeout</directive>
        <directive module="prefork">MaxSpareServers</directive>
        <directive module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive>
        <directive module="core">Options</directive>
        <directive module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive>
      </directivelist>
    </related>

    <section id="dns">

      <title>HostnameLookups¿Í DNS¿¡ ´ëÇØ °í·ÁÇÒ Á¡µé</title>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3 ÀÌÀü¿¡ <directive
      module="core">HostnameLookups</directive>ÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀº
      <code>On</code>ÀÌ¿´´Ù. ¿äûÀ» ¸¶Ä¡±âÀü¿¡ DNS °Ë»öÀÌ ³¡³ª¾ß
      ÇϹǷΠ¿äû¸¶´Ù Áö¿¬ÀÌ »ý°å´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÀÇ
      ±âº»°ªÀÌ <code>Off</code>·Î º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
      È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ·Á¸é ¿©·¯ ·Î±×ó¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Áß ÇϳªÀÎ,
      ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ <a
      href="../programs/logresolve.html"><code>logresolve</code></a>
      ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.</p>

      <p>·Î±×ó¸® ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼­¹ö ¼º´É¿¡ ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦
      »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÈÄó¸®Çϱæ
      ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.</p>

      <p><code><directive module="mod_access">Allow</directive>
      from domain</code>À̳ª <code><directive 
      module="mod_access">Deny</directive> from domain</code>
      Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é (Áï, IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ̳ª µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ»
      »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é) ºÎµæÀÌ Áߺ¹-¿ª DNS °Ë»öÀ» (¿ª°Ë»öÀ» ÇÑÈÄ ¾ÇÀÇ·Î
      º¯°æµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ´Ù½Ã °Ë»ö) ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
      ¼º´ÉÀ» ³ôÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ·± Áö½Ã¾î¿¡´Â °¡´ÉÇϸé À̸§´ë½Å IP
      ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p>

      <p><code>&lt;Location /server-status&gt;</code> ¼½¼Ç µîÀ¸·Î
      Áö½Ã¾îÀÇ Àû¿ë¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇ϶ó. ÀÌ °æ¿ì
      Á¶°Ç¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¿äû¿¡¸¸ DNS Á¶È¸¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº
      <code>.html</code>°ú <code>.cgi</code> ÆÄÀϸ¸ DNS °Ë»öÀ»
      ÇÏ´Â ¿¹Á¦´Ù:</p>

      <example>
        HostnameLookups off<br />
        &lt;Files ~ "\.(html|cgi)$"&gt;<br />
        <indent>
          HostnameLookups on<br />
        </indent>
        &lt;/Files&gt;
      </example>

      <p>±×·¯³ª CGI¿¡¼­ DNS¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »ÓÀ̶ó¸é, ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ¯Á¤
      CGI¿¡¼­¸¸ <code>gethostbyname</code> È£ÃâÀ» Çϵµ·Ï °í·ÁÇغ¼
      ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section id="symlinks">

      <title>FollowSymLinks¿Í SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</title>

      <p>URL °ø°£¿¡¼­ <code>Options FollowSymLinks</code>¸¦
      »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¾Ê°í <code>Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>¸¦
      »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ½Éº¼¸µÅ©¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ»
      Çѹø ´õ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÄÀϸíÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐ¸¶´Ù Çѹø¾¿ ´õ È£ÃâÀ»
      ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°°í:</p>

      <example>
        DocumentRoot /www/htdocs<br />
        &lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
        <indent>
          Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch<br />
        </indent>
        &lt;/Directory&gt;
      </example>

      <p><code>/index.html</code> URI¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
      ±×·¯¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â <code>/www</code>, <code>/www/htdocs</code>,
      <code>/www/htdocs/index.html</code> °¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇØ
      <code>lstat(2)</code>¸¦ È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù. <code>lstats</code>
      °á°ú¸¦ ij½ÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â¶§¹®¿¡ ¿äûÀÌ µé¾î¿Ã ¶§¸¶´Ù ¸Å¹ø °°Àº
      ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù. ÁøÂ¥ ½Éº¼¸µÅ© º¸¾È °Ë»ç¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú
      °°ÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:</p>

      <example>
        DocumentRoot /www/htdocs<br />
        &lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
        <indent>
          Options FollowSymLinks<br />
        </indent>
        &lt;/Directory&gt;<br />
        <br />
        &lt;Directory /www/htdocs&gt;<br />
        <indent>
          Options -FollowSymLinks +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch<br />
        </indent>
        &lt;/Directory&gt;
      </example>

      <p>ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ <directive
      module="core">DocumentRoot</directive> °æ·Î´Â °Ë»çÇÏÁö
      ¾Ê´Â´Ù. DocumentRoot ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ·Î·Î <directive
      module="mod_alias">Alias</directive>³ª <directive
      module="mod_rewrite">RewriteRule</directive>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ
      °æ¿ì¿¡µµ À§¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¼½¼ÇÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ½Éº¼¸µÅ© º¸¾ÈÀ»
      °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é,
      <code>FollowSymLinks</code>¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í,
      <code>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</code>´Â Àý´ë·Î ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section id="htacess">

      <title>AllowOverride</title>

      <p>URL °ø°£¿¡¼­ overrides¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é (º¸Åë
      <code>.htaccess</code> ÆÄÀÏ) ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ÆÄÀϸíÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐ¸¶´Ù
      <code>.htaccess</code>¸¦ ¿­±æ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î,</p>

      <example>
        DocumentRoot /www/htdocs<br />
        &lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
        <indent>
          AllowOverride all<br />
        </indent>
        &lt;/Directory&gt;
      </example>

      <p><code>/index.html</code> URI¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
      ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â <code>/.htaccess</code>, <code>/www/.htaccess</code>,
      <code>/www/htdocs/.htaccess</code>¸¦ ¿­·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
      ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ¾ÕÀÇ <code>Options FollowSymLinks</code> °æ¿ì¿Í
      ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Ç×»ó
      <code>AllowOverride None</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section id="negotiation">

      <title>³»¿ëÇù»ó</title>

      <p>°¡´ÉÇÏ°í ÁøÂ¥ Á¶±ÝÀÇ ¼º´ÉÇâ»ó¿¡µµ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ³»¿ëÇù»óÀ»
      ¸·´Â´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î Çù»óÀÇ À̵æÀº ¼º´ÉÀúÇϺ¸´Ù ÀÛ´Ù. ¼­¹ö¸¦
      ºü¸£°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å:</p>

      <example>
        DirectoryIndex index
      </example>

      <p>¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù:</p>

      <example>
        DirectoryIndex index.cgi index.pl index.shtml index.html
      </example>

      <p>°¡Àå ÈçÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ µÐ´Ù.</p>

      <p>¶Ç, µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ã´Â <code>MultiViews</code>
      º¸´Ù´Â, ÇÑ ÆÄÀϸ¸ ÀÐÀ¸¸é ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
      <code>type-map</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ºü¸§À»
      ¸í½ÉÇ϶ó.</p>

    <p>»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ³»¿ëÇù»óÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é Çù»óÀ» À§ÇØ <code>Options
    MultiViews</code> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⺸´Ù <code>type-map</code>
    ÆÄÀÏÀ» °í·ÁÇ϶ó. Çù»ó¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸í°ú
    <code>type-map</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº <a
    href="../content-negotiation.html">³»¿ëÇù»ó</a> ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó.</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀ (memory-mapping)</title>

      <p>¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, server-side-include¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â µî ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡
      2.0ÀÌ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐÀ»¶§ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ <code>mmap(2)</code>
      µîÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÑ´Ù.</p>

      <p>¿©·¯ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÀ» ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»óÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
      ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÀÌ ¼­¹öÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¶³¾îÆ®¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ»
      ÇØÄ¡´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>

      <ul>
        <li>
          <p>¾î¶² ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡¼­ <code>mmap</code>Àº CPU °³¼ö°¡
          ¸¹¾ÆÁú¶§ <code>read(2)</code> ¸¸Å­ È®À强ÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
          ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ Solaris ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº
          Á¾Á¾ <code>mmap</code>À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»¶§ ¼­¹ö°¡ ó¸®ÇÑ
          ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´õ »¡¸® Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.</p>
        </li>

        <li>
          <p>NFS ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÑ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â
          µµÁß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ NFS Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ ÆÄÀÏÀ»
          Áö¿ì°Å³ª ÆÄÀÏÅ©±â¸¦ ÁÙÀ̸é, À¥¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡ ´ÙÀ½
          ¹ø¿¡ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÑ ÆÄÀϳ»¿ëÀ» ÀÐÀ»¶§ bus error°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ
          ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
        </li>
      </ul>

      <p>À§ÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϸé Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®´ëÀÀÇÏÁö
      ¾Êµµ·Ï <code>EnableMMAP off</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ:
      ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î´Â µð·ºÅ丮º°·Î º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>Sendfile</title>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ <code>sendfile(2)</code>À» Áö¿øÇϸé
      Ä¿³Î sendfileÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© -- ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Á¤Àû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÒ¶§
      -- Àü¼ÛÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á÷Á¢ ÀÐÁö¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

      <p>¿©·¯ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ sendfileÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé read¿Í send¸¦ µû·Î
      ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾î¼­ »¡¶óÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª sendfileÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé
      À¥¼­¹öÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ÇØÄ¡°ÔµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>

      <ul>
        <li>
          <p>sendfile Áö¿øÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾ú°í ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÀÌÁ¡À»
          ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Ç÷¡ÆûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­
          ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© sendfile Áö¿øÀÌ À߸øµÈ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î
          °¡Á®¿Â °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.</p>
        </li>
        <li>
          <p>Ä¿³ÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½¬¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© NFS·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ»
          ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­ºñ½ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
        </li>
      </ul>

      <p>À§ÀÇ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϸé ÆÄÀÏÀ» sendfile Àü¼ÛÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï
      <code>EnableSendfile off</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (ÁÖÀÇ:
      ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î´Â µð·ºÅ丮º°·Î º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)</p>

    </section>

    <section id="process">

      <title>ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ý¼º</title>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3 ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â <directive
      module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive>, <directive
      module="prefork">MaxSpareServers</directive>, <directive
      module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive> ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ
      º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© °á°ú¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ÀÛ¾÷À»
      ¼­ºñ½ºÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÃæºÐÇÑ Àڽļö¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸¦ ¶§±îÁö "µµ´Þ" ±â°£ÀÌ
      ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. óÀ½ <directive
      module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive>°³ ÀÚ½ÄÀ»
      ¸¸µçÈÄ, <directive module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive>
      ¼³Á¤°ª±îÁö ÃÊ´ç ÀÚ½ÄÀ» Çϳª¾¿ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ <directive
      module="mpm_common">StartServers</directive> ±âº»°ªÀÌ
      <code>5</code>ÀÎ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® 100°³°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϸé
      ºÎÇϸ¦ ó¸®Çϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ¸¸µé±â±îÁö 95ÃÊ°¡ °É·È´Ù.
      ÀÚÁÖ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö¸¸, 10ºÐ°£¸¸
      ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â º¥Ä¡¸¶Å© °á°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ³ª»Ú°Ô ³ª¿Â´Ù.</p>

      <p>ÃÊ´ç ÇÑ°³ ±ÔÄ¢Àº ÀÚ½ÄÀ» »õ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭 ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¹«¸®¸¦
      ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í Á¤Çß´Ù. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ú¸é
      ¿äûÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ Ã¼°¨
      ¼º´É¿¡ ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾î º¯°æÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3¿¡¼­ ÃÊ´ç ÇÑ°³
      ±ÔÄ¢Àº ¿ÏÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÄÚµå´Â ÀÚ½Ä ÇÑ°³¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, 1ÃÊ ½¬°í,
      µÎ°³¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, 1ÃÊ ½¬°í, ³×°³¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃÊ´ç
      ÀÚ½ÄÀ» 32°³ ¸¸µé¶§±îÁö Áö¼ö·Î Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. Àڽļö°¡ <directive
      module="prefork">MinSpareServers</directive> ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¸£¸é
      Áõ°¡¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÑ´Ù.</p>

      <p>ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¹ÝÀÀ¼Óµµ°¡ »¡¶óÁ®¼­ <directive module="prefork"
      >MinSpareServers</directive>, <directive module="prefork"
      >MaxSpareServers</directive>, <directive module="mpm_common"
      >StartServers</directive>¸¦ °ÅÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÏÃÊ¿¡
      ÀÚ½ÄÀ» 4°³ ÀÌ»ó »ý¼ºÇϸé <directive
      module="core">ErrorLog</directive>¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿À·ù¹®ÀÌ
      ¸¹ÀÌ º¸À̸é ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µéÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
      <module>mod_status</module> °á°ú°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.</p>

    <p>ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º »ý¼º°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© <directive
    module="mpm_common">MaxRequestsPerChild</directive> ¼³Á¤Àº
    ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù. ±âº»°ªÀº ÀڽĴç ó¸®ÇÒ ¿äû¼ö¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ
    ¾ø´Ù´Â <code>0</code>ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤ÀÌ <code>30</code>°ú
    °°ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀº °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÀÖ´Ù¸é, °ªÀ» »ó´çÈ÷ ³ôÈú ÇÊ¿ä°¡
    ÀÖ´Ù. SunOS³ª ¿À·¡µÈ Solaris ¹öÀüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸Þ¸ð¸®À¯Ã⶧¹®¿¡
    ÀÌ °ªÀ» <code>10000</code> Á¤µµ·Î ¼³Á¤Ç϶ó.</p>

    <p>¿¬°áÀ¯Áö(keep-alive)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀڽĵéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¿­¸°
    ¿¬°á¿¡¼­ Ãß°¡ ¿äûÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸ç ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö¾Ê±â¶§¹®¿¡ °è¼Ó
    ¹Ù»Ú´Ù. <directive module="core">KeepAliveTimeout</directive>ÀÇ
    ±âº»°ª <code>15</code> ÃÊ´Â ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÑ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿÷
    ´ë¿ªÆø°ú ¼­¹ö ÀÚ¿ø °£ÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀÌ ¸Â°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. <a
    href="http://www.research.digital.com/wrl/techreports/abstracts/95.4.html">
    ¿¬°áÀ¯ÁöÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ »ç¶óÁö±â¶§¹®¿¡</a> ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µµ
    ÀÌ °ªÀ» <code>60</code> ÃÊ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¸®Áö ¸¶¶ó.</p>

    </section>

  </section>

  <section id="compiletime">

    <title>ÄÄÆÄÀϽà ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­</title>

    <section>

      <title>MPM ¼±ÅÃ</title>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.x´Â <a href="../mpm.html">´ÙÁß󸮸ðµâ</a>
      (MPMs)À̶ó´Â ±³Ã¼ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿±âÈ­ ¸ðµ¨À» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦
      ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ MPMÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. <module>beos</module>,
      <module>mpm_netware</module>, <module>mpmt_os2</module>,
      <module>mpm_winnt</module>¿Í °°ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ
      ¼ö ÀÖ´Â MPMµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À¯´Ð½º·ù ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¿©·¯ MPM
      Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À¥¼­¹öÀÇ ¼Óµµ¿Í
      È®À强(scalability)Àº ¾î¶² MPMÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇ߳Ŀ¡ ´Þ·È´Ù:</p>

      <ul>

        <li><module>worker</module> MPMÀº ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½Ä ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º°¡
        °¢°¢ ¿©·¯ ¾²·¹µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °¢ ¾²·¹µå´Â Çѹø¿¡ ÇÑ ¿¬°áÀ»
        ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î worker´Â prefork MPM º¸´Ù ÀûÀº
        ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠÅë½Å·®ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.</li>

        <li><module>prefork</module> MPMÀº ¾²·¹µå°¡ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ ÀÚ½Ä
        ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ¿©·¯°³ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °¢ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º´Â Çѹø¿¡ ÇÑ
        ¿¬°áÀ» ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ preforkÀÇ ¼Óµµ´Â worker¿Í
        ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼­
        ¾²·¹µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â prefork ¹æ½ÄÀÌ worker¿¡ ºñÇØ
        ÀÌÁ¡À» °¡Áø´Ù: ¾²·¹µå¿¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö (thread-safe) ¾ÊÀº
        Á¦»ïÀÚ°¡ ¸¸µç ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¾²·¹µå µð¹ö±ë Áö¿øÀÌ
        ºó¾àÇÑ Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô µð¹ö±ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</li>

      </ul>

      <p>ÀÌ MPMµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ MPM¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â MPM <a
      href="../mpm.html">¹®¼­</a>¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section id="modules">

        <title>¸ðµâ</title>

        <p>¸Þ¸ð¸® »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ ¼º´É¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀ̱⶧¹®¿¡
        ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇغ¸ÀÚ. ¸ðµâÀ» <a
        href="../dso.html">DSO</a>·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇß´Ù¸é °£´ÜÈ÷ ±×
        ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ <directive
        module="mod_so">LoadModule</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ ÁÖ¼®Ã³¸®Çϸé
        µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ¸ðµâ¾øÀ̵µ
        Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´ÂÁö »ìÆ캼 ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

        <p>¹Ý´ë·Î ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©µÇÀÖ´Ù¸é
        ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇؾß
        ÇÑ´Ù.</p>

        <p>¿©±â¼­ ´ç¿¬È÷ ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»Áö
        Àǹ®ÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. Á¤´äÀº À¥»çÀÌÆ®¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ¸¶µµ
        <em>ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ</em> <module>mod_mime</module>,
        <module>mod_dir</module>, <module>mod_log_config</module>
        ¸ðµâÀº »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù¸é
        <code>mod_log_config</code>´Â ¾ø¾îµµ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃßõÇÏÁö
        ¾Ê´Â´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>Atomic ¸í·É</title>

      <p><module>mod_cache</module> °°Àº ¸ðµâ°ú ÃÖ±Ù °³¹ßÁßÀÎ
      worker MPMÀº APRÀÇ atomic API¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ API´Â °æ·®±Þ
      ¾²·¹µå µ¿±âÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÒ atomic ¸í·ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.</p>

      <p>±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î APRÀº °¢ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦/CPU Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ
      ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¿©·¯ ÃÖ½Å
      CPU¿¡´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î·Î atomic compare-and-swap (CAS) ¿¬»êÀ»
      ÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ APRÀº ÀÌ·±
      ¸í·É¾î°¡ ¾ø´Â ¿À·¡µÈ CPU¿Í ȣȯ¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ´õ ´À¸° mutex±â¹Ý
      ±¸ÇöÀ» ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Ç÷¡Æû¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦
      ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÃֽŠCPU¿¡¼­¸¸ ½ÇÇàÇÒ °èȹÀ̶ó¸é,
      ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÒ¶§ <code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code>
      ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´õ ºü¸¥ atomic ±¸ÇöÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:</p>

      <example>
        ./buildconf<br />
        ./configure --with-mpm=worker --enable-nonportable-atomics=yes
      </example>

      <p><code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code> ¿É¼ÇÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú
      °°Àº Ç÷¡Æû¿¡ ¿µÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù:</p>

      <ul>

        <li>SPARC¿¡¼­ Solaris<br />
            ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î APRÀº Solaris/SPARC¿¡¼­ mutex±â¹Ý atomicÀ»
            »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¸¼ºÇÒ¶§
            <code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
            APRÀº ºü¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î compare-and-swapÀ» À§ÇÑ SPARC
            v8plus ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé atomic
            ¸í·ÉÀÌ ´õ È¿À²ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ (CPU¸¦ ´ú »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ´õ ³ôÀº
            µ¿±âÈ­°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù), ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀº UltraSPARC
            Ĩ¿¡¼­¸¸ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
        </li>

        <li>Linux on x86<br />
            ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î APRÀº ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ mutex±â¹Ý atomicÀ»
            »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±¸¼ºÇÒ¶§
            <code>--enable-nonportable-atomics</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
            APRÀº ºü¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î compare-and-swapÀ» À§ÇÑ 486
            ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´õ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ atomic ¸í·ÉÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸,
            ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÑ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀº 486 ÀÌ»ó Ĩ¿¡¼­¸¸ (386Àº ¾ÈµÈ´Ù)
            ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
        </li>

      </ul>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>mod_status¿Í ExtendedStatus On</title>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ <module>mod_status</module>¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í
      ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§ <code>ExtendedStatus On</code>À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â
      ¿äûÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù <code>gettimeofday(2)</code>(ȤÀº ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡
      µû¶ó <code>times(2)</code>)¸¦ µÎ¹ø È£ÃâÇÏ°í (1.3 ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â)
      <code>time(2)</code>µµ Ãß°¡·Î ¿©·¯¹ø È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù. »óÅ º¸°í¼­¿¡
      µ¿À۽ð£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á¸é
      (±âº»°ªÀÎ) <code>ExtendedStatus off</code>¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>accept Á÷·ÄÈ­ - ¿©·¯ ¼ÒÄÏ</title>

    <note type="warning"><title>ÁÖÀÇ:</title>
      <p> ¾Æ·¡ ¹®¼­´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ À¥¼­¹ö 2.0 ¹öÀü¿¡¼­ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀ»
      ´ã°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷µµ À¯È¿ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÁÖÀÇÇؼ­
      »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.</p>
    </note>

      <p>À¯´Ð½º ¼ÒÄÏ APIÀÇ ´ÜÁ¡À» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ¿©·¯ Æ÷Æ®
      ȤÀº ¿©·¯ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®±âÀ§ÇØ ¿©·¯ <directive
      module="mpm_common">Listen</directive>À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.
      ¿¬°áÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑÁö °¢ ¼ÒÄÏÀ» °Ë»çÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â
      <code>select(2)</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. <code>select(2)</code>´Â
      ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¬°áÀÌ <em>¾ø´ÂÁö</em> ȤÀº <em>ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ
      ÇÑ°³</em> ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ°í,
      ½¬°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬°áÀ» °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø·¡
      ±¸ÇöÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù (ÀÌ ¿¹´Â Äڵ忡¼­ °¡Á®¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
      ´ÜÁö ¼³¸íÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¿ëµµ·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.):</p>

      <example>
        for (;;) {<br />
        <indent>
          for (;;) {<br />
          <indent>
            fd_set accept_fds;<br />
            <br />
            FD_ZERO (&amp;accept_fds);<br />
            for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
            <indent>
              FD_SET (i, &amp;accept_fds);<br />
            </indent>
            }<br />
            rc = select (last_socket+1, &amp;accept_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);<br />
            if (rc &lt; 1) continue;<br />
            new_connection = -1;<br />
            for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
            <indent>
              if (FD_ISSET (i, &amp;accept_fds)) {<br />
              <indent>
                new_connection = accept (i, NULL, NULL);<br />
                if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
              </indent>
              }<br />
            </indent>
            }<br />
            if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
          </indent>
          }<br />
          process the new_connection;<br />
        </indent>
        }
      </example>

      <p>±×·¯³ª À§ÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±¸Çö¿¡´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ °í°¥(starvation)
      ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ ¹Ýº¹¹®À» ½ÇÇàÇϸé,
      ¿äûÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸ç ¸ðµÎ <code>select</code>¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃá´Ù. À̶§
      ¾î¶² ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡ ¿äûÀÌ Çϳª¶óµµ µé¾î¿À¸é ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ ±ú¾î³­´Ù
      (±ú¾î³ª´Â ÀÚ½ÄÀÇ °³¼ö´Â ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿Í ŸÀֿ̹¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù).
      À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ ¿¬°áÀ» <code>accept</code>ÇÏ±æ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
      (¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÇÑ ¿¬°á¸¸ ´ë±âÁßÀ̶ó¸é) ÇÑ Àڽĸ¸ ¼º°øÇÏ°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â
      <code>accept</code>¿¡¼­ <em>¸ØÃá´Ù.</em> ±×·¯¸é ÀÌ ÀڽĵéÀº
      ÇÑ ¼ÒÄÏÀÇ ¿äû¸¸À» ¼­ºñ½ºÇϵµ·Ï ¹­¿©¼­, ±× ¼ÒÄÏÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î
      ¿äûÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ µé¾î¿Í¼­ ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ±ú¿ï¶§±îÁö Á¤ÁöÇØÀÖ´Ù.
      ÀÌ·± °í°¥ ¹®Á¦´Â <a
      href="http://bugs.apache.org/index/full/467">PR#467</a>¿¡
      óÀ½ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ µÎ°¡Áö ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

      <p>ÇÑ°¡Áö´Â ¼ÒÄÏÀ» ´ë±âÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï (non-blocking) ¸¸µå´Â
      ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ <code>accept</code>¸¦ Çصµ ¸ØÃßÁö
      ¾Ê°í, Áï½Ã ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª CPU ½Ã°£À» ³¶ºñÇÑ´Ù.
      <code>select</code>¿¡¼­ ½¬´Â ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ 10°³ ÀÖ°í, »õ·Î ¿¬°áÀÌ
      ÇÑ°³ µé¾î¿Ô´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ. ±×·¯¸é ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÄÁß 9°³´Â ±ú¾î³ª¼­
      ¿¬°áÀ» <code>accept</code>ÇÏ±æ ½ÃµµÇÏ°í ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¸é ¾Æ¹«
      Àϵµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ù½Ã <code>select</code>¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã
      <code>select</code>·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö ¾î¶² Àڽĵµ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡
      µé¾î¿Â ¿äûÀ» ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­)
      ½¬´Â ÀÚ½Ä °³¼ö¸¸Å­ CPU °³¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â µå¹® °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é
      ÀÌ ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº º°·Î ÁÁ¾Æº¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.</p>

      <p>´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ³»ºÎ ¹Ýº¹¹®¿¡
      ÇÑ Àڽĸ¸À» µé¿©º¸³½´Ù. ¹Ýº¹¹®Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù (Â÷À̸¦
      °­Á¶ÇßÀ½):</p>

      <example>
        for (;;) {<br />
        <indent>
          <strong>accept_mutex_on ();</strong><br />
          for (;;) {<br />
          <indent>
            fd_set accept_fds;<br />
            <br />
            FD_ZERO (&amp;accept_fds);<br />
            for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
            <indent>
              FD_SET (i, &amp;accept_fds);<br />
            </indent>
            }<br />
            rc = select (last_socket+1, &amp;accept_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL);<br />
            if (rc &lt; 1) continue;<br />
            new_connection = -1;<br />
            for (i = first_socket; i &lt;= last_socket; ++i) {<br />
            <indent>
              if (FD_ISSET (i, &amp;accept_fds)) {<br />
              <indent>
                new_connection = accept (i, NULL, NULL);<br />
                if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
              </indent>
              }<br />
            </indent>
            }<br />
            if (new_connection != -1) break;<br />
          </indent>
          }<br />
          <strong>accept_mutex_off ();</strong><br />
          process the new_connection;<br />
        </indent>
        }
      </example>

      <p><code>accept_mutex_on</code>°ú <code>accept_mutex_off</code>
      <a id="serialize" name="serialize">ÇÔ¼ö</a>´Â mutex ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦
      ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. Çѹø¿¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ Àڽĸ¸ÀÌ mutex¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
      mutex¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±¸Çö ¹æ¹ýÀº (1.3
      ÀÌÀü) <code>src/conf.h</code>³ª (1.3°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ)
      <code>src/include/ap_config.h</code>¿¡ Á¤ÀǵÇÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶²
      ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ´Â Àá±Ý(locking) ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ·±
      ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ <directive
      module="mpm_common">Listen</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
      À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù.</p>

      <p>½ÇÇà½Ã <directive
      module="mpm_common">AcceptMutex</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
      mutex ±¸ÇöÀ» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

      <dl>
        <dt><code>AcceptMutex flock</code></dt>

        <dd>
          <p>ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏÀ» Àá±×±âÀ§ÇØ <code>flock(2)</code>
          ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù (Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏ À§Ä¡´Â <directive
          module="mpm_common">LockFile</directive> Áö½Ã¾î·Î ÁöÁ¤).</p>
        </dd>

        <dt><code>AcceptMutex fcntl</code></dt>

        <dd>
          <p>ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏÀ» Àá±×±âÀ§ÇØ <code>fcntl(2)</code>
          ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù (Àá±ÝÆÄÀÏ À§Ä¡´Â <directive
          module="mpm_common">LockFile</directive> Áö½Ã¾î·Î ÁöÁ¤).</p>
        </dd>

        <dt><code>AcceptMutex sysvsem</code></dt>

        <dd>
          <p>(1.3°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» SysV½Ä ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
          mutex¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ SysV½Ä ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î´Â ³ª»Û
          ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ Á¤¸®ÇÏÁö
          ¾Ê°í Á×À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù (<code>ipcs(8)</code> manpage
          Âü°í). ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â À¥¼­¹ö¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ uid·Î ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â
          CGI°¡ (<em>Áï,</em> <code>suexec</code>³ª
          <code>cgiwrapper</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¸ðµç CGI)
          ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î API¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼­ºñ½º°ÅºÎ°ø°ÝÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
          Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯¶§¹®¿¡ IRIX¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­
          ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ IRIX ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­
          ¾ÕÀÇ µÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¹ö°Ì´Ù).</p>
        </dd>

        <dt><code>AcceptMutex pthread</code></dt>

        <dd>
          <p>(1.3°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº POSIX mutex¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⶧¹®¿¡
          POSIX ¾²·¹µå ±Ô¾àÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃĶó¸é ¸ðµÎ
          »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸, (2.5 ÀÌÈÄ) Solaris¿¡¼­¸¸ ±×°Íµµ ƯÁ¤
          ±¸¼º¿¡¼­¸¸ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â µíÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ½ÃµµÇغ»´Ù¸é
          ¼­¹ö°¡ ¸ØÃç¼­ ÀÀ´äÀ» ¾ÈÇÏ´ÂÁö »ìÆìºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Àû
          ³»¿ë¸¸ ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â ¼­¹ö´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù.</p>
        </dd>

        <dt><code>AcceptMutex posixsem</code></dt>

        <dd>
          <p>(2.0°ú ±× ÀÌÈÄ) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº POSIX ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
          mutex¸¦ °¡Áø ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀÇ ¾²·¹µå°¡ Á״´ٸé(segfault)
          ¼¼¸¶Æ÷¾î ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀÌ È¸º¹µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ¸ØÃá´Ù.</p>
        </dd>

      </dl>

      <p>½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ À§ ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ¾ø´Â Á÷·ÄÈ­(serialization) ¹æ¹ýÀÌ
      ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Äڵ带 APR¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

      <p>°í·Á´Â ÇغÃÁö¸¸ ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö¾ÊÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î
      ¹Ýº¹¹®À» Á÷·ÄÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ¸î°³¸¸ µé¿©º¸³»´Â
      °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö À־
      Á÷·ÄÈ­¶§¹®¿¡ Àüü ´ë¿ªÆøÀ» È°¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ´ÙÁßÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­
      ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­¸¸ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á®º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캼 ºÎºÐÀÌÁö¸¸,
      ¸Å¿ì º´·ÄÈ­µÈ À¥¼­¹ö°¡ ÈçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³·´Ù.</p>

      <p>ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾ò±âÀ§Çؼ­´Â ¿©·¯ <directive
      module="mpm_common">Listen</directive> ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
      °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °è¼Ó ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>accept Á÷·ÄÈ­ - ¼ÒÄÏ ÇÑ°³</title>

      <p>¾ÕÀÇ ¼³¸íÀº ´ÙÁß¼ÒÄÏ ¼­¹ö¿¡´Â ÁÁÁö¸¸, ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ
      ¼­¹ö´Â ¾î¶²°¡? ¿¬°áÀÌ µµÂøÇÒ¶§±îÁö ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ
      <code>accept(2)</code>¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃçÀֱ⶧¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·Ð»ó °°Àº
      ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, °í°¥ ¹®Á¦µµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â
      ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ´ë±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â (non-blocking) ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â
      "°øȸÀü(spinning)" Çö»óÀ» °¨Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ TCP ½ºÅÃÀº
      ¿¬°áÀÌ µµÂøÇϸé Ä¿³ÎÀÌ <code>accept</code>¿¡¼­ ¸ØÃçÀÖ´Â
      ¸ðµç ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ±ú¿ìµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇÀÖ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÁß ÇÑ°³°¡ ¿¬°áÀ»
      ¾ò°í »ç¿ëÀÚ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ °øȸÀüÇÏ¿©
      ¿¬°áÀÌ ¾øÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸é ´Ù½Ã ÀáÀ» ÀÜ´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ¿µ¿ª Äڵ忡¼­´Â
      ÀÌ·± °øȸÀüÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ´ÙÁß¼ÒÄÏÀÇ
      ´ë±âÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ºÎÇϸ¦ ³ôÀÌ´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇൿÀÌ
      ÀϾ´Ù.</p>

      <p>±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©·¯ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­ ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ
      Á÷·ÄÈ­ÇÏ¸é ´õ "Àß" µ¿ÀÛÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ
      °æ¿ì ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ (Ä¿³Î 2.0.30,
      128Mb ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ µà¾ó Pentium pro) ½ÇÇèÇÑ °á°ú ¼ÒÄÏ ÇÑ°³¸¦
      Á÷·ÄÈ­Çϸé ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì¿¡ ºñÇØ ÃÊ´ç ¿äûÀÌ 3% ¹Ì¸¸
      ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì ¿äû´ç 100ms
      Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿¬Àº ¾Æ¸¶µµ LAN¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ±ä
      ¿¬°á¼±¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼ÒÄÏÀÌ ÇÑ°³ÀÎ °æ¿ì Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
      ¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é <code>SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT</code>¸¦
      Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>Close Áö¿¬(lingering)</title>

      <p><a
      href="http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/draft-ietf-http-connection-00.txt">
      draft-ietf-http-connection-00.txt</a> 8Àý¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇϵíÀÌ
      <strong>¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ</strong> À¥¼­¹ö°¡ µÇ·Á¸é, Åë½ÅÀÇ ¾ç ¹æÇâÀ»
      µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÝÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù (TCP ¿¬°áÀº ½Ö¹æÇâÀÌ°í,
      ¹æÇâÀº ¼­·Î µ¶¸³ÀûÀÌ´Ù). ÀÌÁ¡À» ´Ù¸¥ ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­´Â ÀÚÁÖ
      °£°úÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â 1.2ºÎÅÍ Á¤È®È÷ ±¸ÇöÇØ¿Ô´Ù.</p>

      <p>ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ºÎÁÖÀÇÇÏ°Ô ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇßÀ»¶§ ¿©·¯ À¯´Ð½º
      ¹öÀü¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù. TCP ±Ô¾àÀº
      <code>FIN_WAIT_2</code>¿¡ ŸÀӾƿôÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸,
      ±ÝÁöÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ŸÀӾƿôÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.2´Â
      ¸¹Àº ¼ÒÄÏÀ» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ <code>FIN_WAIT_2</code> »óÅ·Π¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
      ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â Á¦Àۻ簡 Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÃֽŠTCP/IP ÆÐÄ¡¸¦
      Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¦Àۻ簡 ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏÁö
      ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì°¡ (<em>Áï,</em> SunOS4 -- ¼Ò½º ¶óÀ̼±½º°¡ ÀÖ´Â
      »ç¶÷Àº Á÷Á¢ ÆÐÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸) Àֱ⶧¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
      ¾Ê±â·Î °áÁ¤Çß´Ù.</p>

      <p>¹æ¹ýÀº µÎ°¡Áö´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¼ÒÄÏ ¿É¼Ç <code>SO_LINGER</code>¸¦
      »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ TCP/IP ½ºÅÃÀº
      ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ±¸ÇöÇÑ ½ºÅÿ¡¼­
      Á¶Â÷µµ (<em>Áï,</em> ¸®´ª½º 2.0.31) ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ ¹æ¹ýº¸´Ù
      ´õ cpu¸¦ Àâ¾Æ¸Ô´Â´Ù.</p>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â º¸Åë (<code>http_main.c</code>¿¡ ÀÖ´Â)
      <code>lingering_close</code>¶ó´Â ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÔ¼ö´Â
      ´ëÃæ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:</p>

      <example>
        void lingering_close (int s)<br />
        {<br />
        <indent>
          char junk_buffer[2048];<br />
          <br />
          /* shutdown the sending side */<br />
          shutdown (s, 1);<br />
          <br />
          signal (SIGALRM, lingering_death);<br />
          alarm (30);<br />
          <br />
          for (;;) {<br />
          <indent>
            select (s for reading, 2 second timeout);<br />
            if (error) break;<br />
            if (s is ready for reading) {<br />
            <indent>
              if (read (s, junk_buffer, sizeof (junk_buffer)) &lt;= 0) {<br />
              <indent>
                break;<br />
              </indent>
              }<br />
              /* just toss away whatever is here */<br />
            </indent>
            }<br />
          </indent>
          }<br />
          <br />
          close (s);<br />
        </indent>
        }
      </example>

      <p>ÀÌ ÄÚµå´Â ¿¬°áÀ» ´ÝÀ»¶§ ´õ CPU¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ
      ±¸ÇöÀ» À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. HTTP/1.1ÀÌ ´õ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö°í ¸ðµç ¿¬°áÀ»
      À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é(persistent), ¿¬°áÀ» ¹Þ´Â ºñ¿ëÀº ¿©·¯ ¿äûÀ»
      ó¸®Çϸ鼭 »ó¼âµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À§ÇèÇÏ°Ôµµ
      <code>NO_LINGCLOSE</code>¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
      ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, Àý´ë·Î ±ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ƯÈ÷ HTTP/1.1
      ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎ <transnote>¿¬°áÀ¯Áö »óÅ¿¡¼­ ÀÀ´äÀ» ±â´Ù¸®Áö
      ¾Ê°í ¿©·¯ ¿äûÀ» º¸³»´Â ±â¼ú</transnote> ¿¬°áÀ¯Áö¿¡´Â
      <code>lingering_close</code>°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù (±×¸®°í <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/Performance/Pipeline.html">
      ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¶óÀÎ ¿¬°áÀÌ ´õ ºü¸£±â¶§¹®¿¡</a> »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¹Ù¶ö °ÍÀÌ´Ù).</p>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>Scoreboard ÆÄÀÏ</title>

      <p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¿Í ÀÚ½ÄÀº scoreboard¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼­·Î
      Åë½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î´Â scoreboard¸¦ °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®·Î ±¸ÇöÇؾß
      ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® °³¹ßÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö Àְųª »ó¼¼ÇÑ
      Æ÷Æà °á°ú¸¦ ¹ÞÀº °æ¿ì º¸Åë °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
      ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¿¡
      ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀº ´À¸®°í ½Å·Úµµ°¡ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù (±â´Éµµ ´õ Àû´Ù).
      <code>src/main/conf.h</code> ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃĸ¦
      ã¾Æ¼­ <code>USE_MMAP_SCOREBOARD</code> ȤÀº
      <code>USE_SHMGET_SCOREBOARD</code>ÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. µÑÁß
      Çϳª¸¦ (°¢°¢ ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÒ <code>HAVE_MMAP</code>À̳ª
      <code>HAVE_SHMGET</code>µµ °°ÀÌ) Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¸é °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸® Äڵ带
      »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é
      <code>src/main/http_main.c</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡¼­
      °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÈÅ(hook)À» Ãß°¡Ç϶ó. (¶ÇÇÑ
      ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô º¸³»ÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.)</p>

      <note>¿ª»çÀû ¼³¸í: ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹öÀüÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.2 ¹öÀüºÎÅÍ
      °øÀ¯¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ Ãʱ⠾ÆÆÄÄ¡
      ¹öÀüÀÌ ´À¸®°í ½Å·Úµµ°¡ ¶³¾îÁ³±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.</note>

    </section>

    <section>

      <title>DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT</title>

      <p>¸ðµâÀ» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀоîµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é (°¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶±ÝÀ̶óµµ
      ¼º´ÉÀ» ³ôÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ÀÐ´Â´Ù¸é ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¸ðµâÀ» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î
      ÀоîµéÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù), ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§
      <code>-DDYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=0</code>À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é
      ¸ðµâÀ» µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀоîµéÀ̱âÀ§ÇØ ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ Àý¾àÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    </section>

  </section>

  <section id="trace">

    <title>ºÎ·Ï: ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ±â·ÏÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ</title>

    <p>´ÙÀ½Àº Solaris 8¿¡¼­ worker MPMÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0.38ÀÇ
    ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ±â·Ï(trace)ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±â·ÏÀ»
    ¾ò¾ú´Ù:</p>

    <example>
      truss -l -p <var>httpd_child_pid</var>.
    </example>

    <p><code>-l</code> ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸé truss´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ»
    ÇÏ´Â LWP (lightweight process, °æ·®±Þ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º--SolarisÀÇ
    Ä¿³Î¼öÁØ ¾²·¹µå) ID¸¦ °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    <p>´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡´Â <code>strace</code>, <code>ktrace</code>,
    <code>par</code> °°Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ÃßÀû µµ±¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °á°ú´Â
    ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.</p>

    <p>Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â À¥¼­¹ö¿¡°Ô Å©±â°¡ 10KBÀÎ Á¤Àû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.
    Á¤ÀûÀÎ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿äûÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ³»¿ëÇù»óÇÏ´Â ¿äûÀ» ÇÑ °æ¿ì
    ±â·ÏÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸£´Ù (¶§·Î´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â Èûµé´Ù).</p>

    <example>
<pre>/67:    accept(3, 0x00200BEC, 0x00200C0C, 1) (sleeping...)
/67:    accept(3, 0x00200BEC, 0x00200C0C, 1)            = 9</pre>
    </example>

    <p>À§¿¡¼­ ¿¬°á´ë±â(listener) ¾²·¹µå°¡ LWP #67¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇàµÊÀ»
    ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

    <note><code>accept(2)</code> Á÷·ÄÈ­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó.
    ¿©·¯ Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®Áö¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì ÀÌ Ç÷¡ÆûÀÇ worker MPMÀº
    ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á÷·ÄÈ­ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº accept¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</note>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    lwp_park(0x00000000, 0)                         = 0
/67:    lwp_unpark(65, 1)                               = 0</pre>
    </example>

    <p>¿¬°áÀº ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í(accept) ¿¬°á´ë±â ¾²·¹µå´Â
    worker ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ±ú¿ö¼­ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ±â·Ï¿¡¼­
    ¿äûÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â worker ¾²·¹µå°¡ LWP #65ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    getsockname(9, 0x00200BA4, 0x00200BC4, 1)       = 0</pre>
    </example>

    <p>°¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ¿¬°áÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ
    Áö¿ª(local) ¼ÒÄÏ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (°¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö
    ¾Ê°Å³ª <directive module="mpm_common">Listen</directive>
    Áö½Ã¾î¿¡ ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì µî) ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì
    ÀÌ È£ÃâÀ» ¾ø¾Ù ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀÌ·± ÃÖÀûÈ­ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ
    ¾ÈµÇÀÖ´Ù. </p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    brk(0x002170E8)                                 = 0
/65:    brk(0x002190E8)                                 = 0</pre>
    </example>

    <p><code>brk(2)</code> È£ÃâÀº Èü(heap)¿¡¼­ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
    À¥¼­¹ö´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿äû 󸮽à ÀÚü ¸Þ¸ð¸®
    ÇÒ´çÀÚ(<code>apr_pool</code>°ú <code>apr_bucket_alloc</code>)¸¦
    »ç¿ëÇϱ⶧¹®¿¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ ±â·Ï¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£ÃâÀ» º¸±â°¡
    µå¹°´Ù. ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿¡¼­ À¥¼­¹ö´Â ½ÃÀÛÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ÀÚü ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´çÀÚ°¡
    »ç¿ëÇÒ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ºí·ÏÀ» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ <code>malloc(3)</code>À» È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    fcntl(9, F_GETFL, 0x00000000)                   = 2
/65:    fstat64(9, 0xFAF7B818)                          = 0
/65:    getsockopt(9, 65535, 8192, 0xFAF7B918, 0xFAF7B910, 2190656) = 0
/65:    fstat64(9, 0xFAF7B818)                          = 0
/65:    getsockopt(9, 65535, 8192, 0xFAF7B918, 0xFAF7B914, 2190656) = 0
/65:    setsockopt(9, 65535, 8192, 0xFAF7B918, 4, 2190656) = 0
/65:    fcntl(9, F_SETFL, 0x00000082)                   = 0</pre>
    </example>

    <p>´ÙÀ½ worker ¾²·¹µå´Â Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ ¿¬°á(ÆÄÀϱâ¼úÀÚ 9)À»
    ´ë±â¾ÈÇÔ(non-blocking) »óÅ·Π¹Ù²Û´Ù. <code>setsockopt(2)</code>¿Í
    <code>getsockopt(2)</code> È£ÃâÀº SolarisÀÇ libc°¡ ¼ÒÄÏ¿¡
    ´ëÇÑ <code>fcntl(2)</code>À» ¾î¶»°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    read(9, " G E T   / 1 0 k . h t m".., 8000)     = 97</pre>
    </example>

    <p>worker ¾²·¹µå´Â Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®·Î ºÎÅÍ ¿äûÀ» Àд´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    stat("/var/httpd/apache/httpd-8999/htdocs/10k.html", 0xFAF7B978) = 0
/65:    open("/var/httpd/apache/httpd-8999/htdocs/10k.html", O_RDONLY) = 10</pre>
    </example>

    <p>À¥¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤Àº <code>Options FollowSymLinks</code>¿Í
    <code>AllowOverride None</code>ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿äûÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ°æ·ÎÀÇ
    °¢ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ´ëÇØ <code>lstat(2)</code>Çϰųª
    <code>.htaccess</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»çÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀ»
    °Ë»çÇϱâÀ§ÇØ, 1) ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, 2) µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀϹÝÆÄÀÏÀÎÁö,
    <code>stat(2)</code> È£Ã⸸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    sendfilev(0, 9, 0x00200F90, 2, 0xFAF7B53C)      = 10269</pre>
    </example>

    <p>ÀÌ °æ¿ì À¥¼­¹ö´Â ÇѹøÀÇ <code>sendfilev(2)</code> ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ãâ·Î
    HTTP ÀÀ´äÇì´õ¿Í ¿äûÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Sendfile Áö¿ø¿©ºÎ´Â
    ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̶ó¸é <code>sendfile(2)</code>À»
    È£ÃâÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Çì´õ¸¦ º¸³»±âÀ§ÇØ <code>write(2)</code>³ª
    <code>writev(2)</code> È£ÃâÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    write(4, " 1 2 7 . 0 . 0 . 1   -  ".., 78)      = 78</pre>
    </example>

    <p><code>write(2)</code> È£ÃâÀº Á¢±Ù·Î±×(access log)¿¡ ¿äûÀ»
    ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿¡ <code>time(2)</code> È£ÃâÀÌ ¾øÀ½À» ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó.
    ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 1.3°ú ´Þ¸® ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ 2.0Àº ½Ã°£À» ¾Ë±âÀ§ÇØ
    <code>gettimeofday(3)</code>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
    <code>gettimeofday</code>¸¦ ÃÖÀûÈ­ÇÑ ¸®´ª½º¿Í Solaris °°Àº
    ¸î¸î ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡¼­´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÈ£Ã⠺δãÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    shutdown(9, 1, 1)                               = 0
/65:    poll(0xFAF7B980, 1, 2000)                       = 1
/65:    read(9, 0xFAF7BC20, 512)                        = 0
/65:    close(9)                                        = 0</pre>
    </example>

    <p>worker ¾²·¹µå´Â ¿¬°áÀ» Áö¿¬´Ý±â(lingering close)ÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/65:    close(10)                                       = 0
/65:    lwp_park(0x00000000, 0)         (sleeping...)</pre>
    </example>

    <p>¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î worker ¾²·¹µå´Â ¹æ±Ý Àü¼ÛÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ý°í,
    ¿¬°á´ë±â(listener) ¾²·¹µå°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬°áÀ» ÇÒ´çÇÒ ¶§±îÁö
    Á¤ÁöÇÑ´Ù.</p>

    <example>
<pre>/67:    accept(3, 0x001FEB74, 0x001FEB94, 1) (sleeping...)</pre>
    </example>

    <p>±×µ¿¾È ¿¬°á´ë±â ¾²·¹µå´Â ¿¬°áÀ» (¸ðµç worker°¡ ÀÛ¾÷ÁßÀ̸é
    ¿¬°á´ë±â ¾²·¹µå¸¦ ¸ØÃß´Â worker MPMÀÇ È帧Á¦¾î ±â´É¿¡ µû¶ó)
    worker ¾²·¹µå¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬°áÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
    ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿¡´Â ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, worker ¾²·¹µå°¡ ¹æ±Ý ¹ÞÀº ¿¬°áÀ»
    ó¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ´ÙÀ½ <code>accept(2)</code>°¡ (¿äûÀÌ ¸Å¿ì
    ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì Ç×»ó) ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>

  </section>

</manualpage>