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   8 <title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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  14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
  15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
  16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
  17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
  18 <div id="path">
  19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
  20 <div class="toplang">
  21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
  22 <a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
  23 <a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
  24 <a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
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  28 </div>
  29
  30     <p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows
  31     NT, 2000 and XP, or as a console application on Windows 9x and
  32     ME. For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>
  33     and <a href="platform/windows.html#wincons">Running Apache as a
  34     Console Application</a>.</p>
  35
  36     <p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
  37     is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
  38     background to handle requests.  This document describes how
  39     to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
  40 </div>
  41 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
  42 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
  43 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
  44 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
  45 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul></div>
  46 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
  47 <div class="section">
  48 <h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>
  49
  50     <p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
  51     specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
  52     port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
  53     order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
  54     port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
  55     activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
  56     <em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
  57     answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
  58     process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
  59     run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
  60     <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>
  61
  62     <p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
  63     executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
  64     script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
  65     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
  66     systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
  67     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
  68     arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
  69     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>.  You may also directly edit the
  70     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
  71     variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
  72     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
  73     wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>
  74
  75     <p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is
  76     invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
  77     <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
  78     compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
  79     time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>
  80
  81 <div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
  82       /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>
  83
  84     <p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
  85     the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
  86     immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
  87     You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
  88     the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p>
  89 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
  90 <div class="section">
  91 <h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>
  92
  93     <p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
  94     write a message describing the problem either to the console or
  95     to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
  96     exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
  97     to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
  98     either:</p>
  99
 100     <ul>
 101       <li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
 102       logged in as the root user; or</li>
 103
 104       <li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
 105       of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
 106       Port.</li>
 107     </ul>
 108
 109     <p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
 110     Apache <a href="faq/">FAQ</a>.</p>
 111 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 112 <div class="section">
 113 <h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>
 114
 115     <p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
 116     reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
 117     system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
 118     an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
 119     root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
 120     configured for security and access restrictions.</p>
 121
 122     <p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
 123     standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
 124     <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
 125     and translate them into the appropriate signals to
 126     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.  So you can often simply link
 127     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
 128     sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
 129 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 130 <div class="section">
 131 <h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>
 132
 133     <p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
 134     programs included with the server is available on the
 135     <a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
 136     There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
 137     and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
 138     provide.</p>
 139 </div></div>
 140 <div class="bottomlang">
 141 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
 142 <a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
 143 <a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
 144 <a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
 145 <a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
 146 <a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
 147 <a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
 148 </div><div id="footer">
 149 <p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
 150 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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