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   8 <title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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  14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
  15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
  16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
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  19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
  20 <div class="toplang">
  21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
  22 <a href="./en/bind.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
  23 <a href="./fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
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  26 <a href="./tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
  27 </div>
  28
  29     <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
  30   </div>
  31 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
  32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
  33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
  34 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
  35 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
  36 <div class="section">
  37 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
  38
  39
  40     <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
  41
  42
  43     <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
  44     the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
  45     it listens to all addresses on the machine.  However, it may need to
  46     be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
  47     addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
  48     Virtual Host feature, which determines how Apache responds to
  49     different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
  50
  51     <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
  52     directive tells the server to accept
  53     incoming requests only on the specified ports or
  54     address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
  55     specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
  56     directive, the server
  57     listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
  58     is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
  59     port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
  60     specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
  61     server will respond to requests from any of the listed
  62     addresses and ports.</p>
  63
  64     <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
  65     port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
  66
  67     <div class="example"><p><code>
  68       Listen 80<br />
  69       Listen 8000
  70     </code></p></div>
  71
  72     <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
  73        and port 8000 on another, use</p>
  74
  75     <div class="example"><p><code>
  76       Listen 192.0.2.1:80<br />
  77       Listen 192.0.2.5:8000
  78     </code></p></div>
  79
  80     <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
  81     following example:</p>
  82
  83     <div class="example"><p><code>
  84       Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
  85     </code></p></div>
  86   </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
  87 <div class="section">
  88 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
  89
  90
  91     <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
  92     <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
  93     allowing Apache to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
  94     over IPv6.</p>
  95
  96     <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
  97     not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
  98     connections.  Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
  99     IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
 100     platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
 101     OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
 102     platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
 103     special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
 104     for Apache.</p>
 105
 106     <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
 107     <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
 108     mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
 109     with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
 110     addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
 111
 112     <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
 113     FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
 114     built.</p>
 115
 116     <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
 117     what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
 118     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
 119     following examples:</p>
 120
 121     <div class="example"><p><code>
 122       Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
 123       Listen 192.0.2.1:80
 124     </code></p></div>
 125
 126     <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
 127     IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
 128     addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
 129     default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
 130   </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 131 <div class="section">
 132 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
 133
 134
 135     <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
 136     Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
 137     main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
 138     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
 139     directives are used, the server will behave
 140     in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
 141     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
 142     can be used to specify a different behavior
 143     for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
 144     VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
 145     address and port to be used. Then a
 146     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code> section
 147     should be created for the specified address and port to set the
 148     behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
 149     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
 150     is set for an address and port that the
 151     server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
 152   </div></div>
 153 <div class="bottomlang">
 154 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
 155 <a href="./en/bind.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
 156 <a href="./fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
 157 <a href="./ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
 158 <a href="./ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
 159 <a href="./tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
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 161 <p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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