22575: Remove extra ;, From Dennis Davis.
[heimdal.git] / appl / push / push.c
blob47cfb80639c4af073f0a8b8c5e171133d496580b
1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
3 * (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden).
4 * All rights reserved.
6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * SUCH DAMAGE.
34 #include "push_locl.h"
35 RCSID("$Id$");
37 #ifdef KRB4
38 static int use_v4 = -1;
39 #endif
41 #ifdef KRB5
42 static int use_v5 = -1;
43 static krb5_context context;
44 #endif
46 static char *port_str;
47 static int verbose_level;
48 static int do_fork;
49 static int do_leave;
50 static int do_version;
51 static int do_help;
52 static int do_from;
53 static int do_count;
54 static char *header_str;
56 struct getargs args[] = {
57 #ifdef KRB4
58 { "krb4", '4', arg_flag, &use_v4, "Use Kerberos V4",
59 NULL },
60 #endif
61 #ifdef KRB5
62 { "krb5", '5', arg_flag, &use_v5, "Use Kerberos V5",
63 NULL },
64 #endif
65 { "verbose",'v', arg_counter, &verbose_level, "Verbose",
66 NULL },
67 { "fork", 'f', arg_flag, &do_fork, "Fork deleting proc",
68 NULL },
69 { "leave", 'l', arg_flag, &do_leave, "Leave mail on server",
70 NULL },
71 { "port", 'p', arg_string, &port_str, "Use this port",
72 "number-or-service" },
73 { "from", 0, arg_flag, &do_from, "Behave like from",
74 NULL },
75 { "headers", 0, arg_string, &header_str, "Headers to print", NULL },
76 { "count", 'c', arg_flag, &do_count, "Print number of messages", NULL},
77 { "version", 0, arg_flag, &do_version, "Print version",
78 NULL },
79 { "help", 0, arg_flag, &do_help, NULL,
80 NULL }
84 static void
85 usage (int ret)
87 arg_printusage (args,
88 sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]),
89 NULL,
90 "[[{po:username[@hostname] | hostname[:username]}] ...] "
91 "filename");
92 exit (ret);
95 static int
96 do_connect (const char *hostname, int port, int nodelay)
98 struct addrinfo *ai, *a;
99 struct addrinfo hints;
100 int error;
101 int s = -1;
102 char portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
104 memset (&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
105 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
106 hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
108 snprintf (portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%u", ntohs(port));
110 error = getaddrinfo (hostname, portstr, &hints, &ai);
111 if (error)
112 errx (1, "getaddrinfo(%s): %s", hostname, gai_strerror(error));
114 for (a = ai; a != NULL; a = a->ai_next) {
115 s = socket (a->ai_family, a->ai_socktype, a->ai_protocol);
116 if (s < 0)
117 continue;
118 if (connect (s, a->ai_addr, a->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
119 warn ("connect(%s)", hostname);
120 close (s);
121 continue;
123 break;
125 freeaddrinfo (ai);
126 if (a == NULL) {
127 warnx ("failed to contact %s", hostname);
128 return -1;
131 if(setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,
132 (void *)&nodelay, sizeof(nodelay)) < 0)
133 err (1, "setsockopt TCP_NODELAY");
134 return s;
137 typedef enum { INIT = 0, GREET, USER, PASS, STAT, RETR, TOP,
138 DELE, XDELE, QUIT} pop_state;
140 static char *pop_state_string[] = {
141 "INIT", "GREET", "USER", "PASS", "STAT", "RETR", "TOP",
142 "DELE", "XDELE", "QUIT"
145 #define PUSH_BUFSIZ 65536
147 #define STEP 16
149 struct write_state {
150 struct iovec *iovecs;
151 size_t niovecs, maxiovecs, allociovecs;
152 int fd;
155 static void
156 write_state_init (struct write_state *w, int fd)
158 #ifdef UIO_MAXIOV
159 w->maxiovecs = UIO_MAXIOV;
160 #else
161 w->maxiovecs = 16;
162 #endif
163 w->allociovecs = min(STEP, w->maxiovecs);
164 w->niovecs = 0;
165 w->iovecs = emalloc(w->allociovecs * sizeof(*w->iovecs));
166 w->fd = fd;
169 static void
170 write_state_add (struct write_state *w, void *v, size_t len)
172 if(w->niovecs == w->allociovecs) {
173 if(w->niovecs == w->maxiovecs) {
174 if(writev (w->fd, w->iovecs, w->niovecs) < 0)
175 err(1, "writev");
176 w->niovecs = 0;
177 } else {
178 w->allociovecs = min(w->allociovecs + STEP, w->maxiovecs);
179 w->iovecs = erealloc (w->iovecs,
180 w->allociovecs * sizeof(*w->iovecs));
183 w->iovecs[w->niovecs].iov_base = v;
184 w->iovecs[w->niovecs].iov_len = len;
185 ++w->niovecs;
188 static void
189 write_state_flush (struct write_state *w)
191 if (w->niovecs) {
192 if (writev (w->fd, w->iovecs, w->niovecs) < 0)
193 err (1, "writev");
194 w->niovecs = 0;
198 static void
199 write_state_destroy (struct write_state *w)
201 free (w->iovecs);
204 static int
205 doit(int s,
206 const char *host,
207 const char *user,
208 const char *outfilename,
209 const char *header_str,
210 int leavep,
211 int verbose,
212 int forkp)
214 int ret;
215 char out_buf[PUSH_BUFSIZ];
216 int out_len = 0;
217 char *in_buf;
218 size_t in_buf_size;
219 size_t in_len = 0;
220 char *in_ptr;
221 pop_state state = INIT;
222 unsigned count, bytes;
223 unsigned asked_for = 0, retrieved = 0, asked_deleted = 0, deleted = 0;
224 unsigned sent_xdele = 0;
225 int out_fd;
226 char from_line[128];
227 size_t from_line_length;
228 time_t now;
229 struct write_state write_state;
230 int numheaders = 1;
231 char **headers = NULL;
232 int i;
233 char *tmp = NULL;
235 in_buf = emalloc(PUSH_BUFSIZ + 1);
236 in_ptr = in_buf;
237 in_buf_size = PUSH_BUFSIZ;
239 if (do_from) {
240 char *tmp2;
242 tmp2 = tmp = estrdup(header_str);
244 out_fd = -1;
245 if (verbose)
246 fprintf (stderr, "%s@%s\n", user, host);
247 while (*tmp != '\0') {
248 tmp = strchr(tmp, ',');
249 if (tmp == NULL)
250 break;
251 tmp++;
252 numheaders++;
255 headers = emalloc(sizeof(char *) * (numheaders + 1));
256 for (i = 0; i < numheaders; i++) {
257 headers[i] = strtok_r(tmp2, ",", &tmp2);
259 headers[numheaders] = NULL;
260 } else {
261 out_fd = open(outfilename, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0666);
262 if (out_fd < 0)
263 err (1, "open %s", outfilename);
264 if (verbose)
265 fprintf (stderr, "%s@%s -> %s\n", user, host, outfilename);
268 now = time(NULL);
269 from_line_length = snprintf (from_line, sizeof(from_line),
270 "From %s %s", "push", ctime(&now));
271 if (from_line_length < 0 || from_line_length > sizeof(from_line))
272 errx (1, "snprintf failed");
274 out_len = snprintf (out_buf, sizeof(out_buf),
275 "USER %s\r\nPASS hej\r\nSTAT\r\n",
276 user);
277 if (out_len < 0 || out_len > sizeof(out_buf))
278 errx (1, "snprintf failed");
279 if (net_write (s, out_buf, out_len) != out_len)
280 err (1, "write");
281 if (verbose > 1)
282 fprintf (stderr, "%s", out_buf);
284 if (!do_from)
285 write_state_init (&write_state, out_fd);
287 while(state != QUIT) {
288 fd_set readset, writeset;
290 FD_ZERO(&readset);
291 FD_ZERO(&writeset);
292 if (s >= FD_SETSIZE)
293 errx (1, "fd too large");
294 FD_SET(s,&readset);
296 if (verbose > 1)
297 fprintf (stderr, "state: %s count: %d asked_for: %d "
298 "retrieved: %d asked_deleted: %d\n",
299 pop_state_string[state],
300 count, asked_for, retrieved, asked_deleted);
302 if (((state == STAT || state == RETR || state == TOP)
303 && asked_for < count)
304 || (state == XDELE && !sent_xdele)
305 || (state == DELE && asked_deleted < count))
306 FD_SET(s,&writeset);
307 ret = select (s + 1, &readset, &writeset, NULL, NULL);
308 if (ret < 0) {
309 if (errno == EAGAIN)
310 continue;
311 else
312 err (1, "select");
315 if (FD_ISSET(s, &readset)) {
316 char *beg, *p;
317 size_t rem;
318 int blank_line = 0;
320 if(in_len >= in_buf_size) {
321 char *tmp = erealloc(in_buf, in_buf_size + PUSH_BUFSIZ + 1);
322 in_ptr = tmp + (in_ptr - in_buf);
323 in_buf = tmp;
324 in_buf_size += PUSH_BUFSIZ;
327 ret = read (s, in_ptr, in_buf_size - in_len);
328 if (ret < 0)
329 err (1, "read");
330 else if (ret == 0)
331 errx (1, "EOF during read");
333 in_len += ret;
334 in_ptr += ret;
335 *in_ptr = '\0';
337 beg = in_buf;
338 rem = in_len;
339 while(rem > 1
340 && (p = strstr(beg, "\r\n")) != NULL) {
341 if (state == TOP) {
342 char *copy = beg;
344 for (i = 0; i < numheaders; i++) {
345 size_t len;
347 len = min(p - copy + 1, strlen(headers[i]));
348 if (strncasecmp(copy, headers[i], len) == 0) {
349 fprintf (stdout, "%.*s\n", (int)(p - copy), copy);
352 if (beg[0] == '.' && beg[1] == '\r' && beg[2] == '\n') {
353 if (numheaders > 1)
354 fprintf (stdout, "\n");
355 state = STAT;
356 if (++retrieved == count) {
357 state = QUIT;
358 net_write (s, "QUIT\r\n", 6);
359 if (verbose > 1)
360 fprintf (stderr, "QUIT\r\n");
363 rem -= p - beg + 2;
364 beg = p + 2;
365 } else if (state == RETR) {
366 char *copy = beg;
367 if (beg[0] == '.') {
368 if (beg[1] == '\r' && beg[2] == '\n') {
369 if(!blank_line)
370 write_state_add(&write_state, "\n", 1);
371 state = STAT;
372 rem -= p - beg + 2;
373 beg = p + 2;
374 if (++retrieved == count) {
375 write_state_flush (&write_state);
376 if (fsync (out_fd) < 0)
377 err (1, "fsync");
378 close(out_fd);
379 if (leavep) {
380 state = QUIT;
381 net_write (s, "QUIT\r\n", 6);
382 if (verbose > 1)
383 fprintf (stderr, "QUIT\r\n");
384 } else {
385 if (forkp) {
386 pid_t pid;
388 pid = fork();
389 if (pid < 0)
390 warn ("fork");
391 else if(pid != 0) {
392 if(verbose)
393 fprintf (stderr,
394 "(exiting)");
395 return 0;
399 state = XDELE;
400 if (verbose)
401 fprintf (stderr, "deleting... ");
404 continue;
405 } else
406 ++copy;
408 *p = '\n';
409 if(blank_line &&
410 strncmp(copy, "From ", min(p - copy + 1, 5)) == 0)
411 write_state_add(&write_state, ">", 1);
412 write_state_add(&write_state, copy, p - copy + 1);
413 blank_line = (*copy == '\n');
414 rem -= p - beg + 2;
415 beg = p + 2;
416 } else if (rem >= 3 && strncmp (beg, "+OK", 3) == 0) {
417 if (state == STAT) {
418 if (!do_from)
419 write_state_add(&write_state,
420 from_line, from_line_length);
421 blank_line = 0;
422 if (do_from)
423 state = TOP;
424 else
425 state = RETR;
426 } else if (state == XDELE) {
427 state = QUIT;
428 net_write (s, "QUIT\r\n", 6);
429 if (verbose > 1)
430 fprintf (stderr, "QUIT\r\n");
431 break;
432 } else if (state == DELE) {
433 if (++deleted == count) {
434 state = QUIT;
435 net_write (s, "QUIT\r\n", 6);
436 if (verbose > 1)
437 fprintf (stderr, "QUIT\r\n");
438 break;
440 } else if (++state == STAT) {
441 if(sscanf (beg + 4, "%u %u", &count, &bytes) != 2)
442 errx(1, "Bad STAT-line: %.*s", (int)(p - beg), beg);
443 if (verbose) {
444 fprintf (stderr, "%u message(s) (%u bytes). "
445 "fetching... ",
446 count, bytes);
447 if (do_from)
448 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
449 } else if (do_count) {
450 fprintf (stderr, "%u message(s) (%u bytes).\n",
451 count, bytes);
453 if (count == 0) {
454 state = QUIT;
455 net_write (s, "QUIT\r\n", 6);
456 if (verbose > 1)
457 fprintf (stderr, "QUIT\r\n");
458 break;
462 rem -= p - beg + 2;
463 beg = p + 2;
464 } else {
465 if(state == XDELE) {
466 state = DELE;
467 rem -= p - beg + 2;
468 beg = p + 2;
469 } else
470 errx (1, "Bad response: %.*s", (int)(p - beg), beg);
473 if (!do_from)
474 write_state_flush (&write_state);
476 memmove (in_buf, beg, rem);
477 in_len = rem;
478 in_ptr = in_buf + rem;
480 if (FD_ISSET(s, &writeset)) {
481 if ((state == STAT && !do_from) || state == RETR)
482 out_len = snprintf (out_buf, sizeof(out_buf),
483 "RETR %u\r\n", ++asked_for);
484 else if ((state == STAT && do_from) || state == TOP)
485 out_len = snprintf (out_buf, sizeof(out_buf),
486 "TOP %u 0\r\n", ++asked_for);
487 else if(state == XDELE) {
488 out_len = snprintf(out_buf, sizeof(out_buf),
489 "XDELE %u %u\r\n", 1, count);
490 sent_xdele++;
492 else if(state == DELE)
493 out_len = snprintf (out_buf, sizeof(out_buf),
494 "DELE %u\r\n", ++asked_deleted);
495 if (out_len < 0 || out_len > sizeof(out_buf))
496 errx (1, "snprintf failed");
497 if (net_write (s, out_buf, out_len) != out_len)
498 err (1, "write");
499 if (verbose > 1)
500 fprintf (stderr, "%s", out_buf);
503 if (verbose)
504 fprintf (stderr, "Done\n");
505 if (do_from) {
506 free (tmp);
507 free (headers);
508 } else {
509 write_state_destroy (&write_state);
511 return 0;
514 #ifdef KRB5
515 static int
516 do_v5 (const char *host,
517 int port,
518 const char *user,
519 const char *filename,
520 const char *header_str,
521 int leavep,
522 int verbose,
523 int forkp)
525 krb5_error_code ret;
526 krb5_auth_context auth_context = NULL;
527 krb5_principal server;
528 int s;
530 s = do_connect (host, port, 1);
531 if (s < 0)
532 return 1;
534 ret = krb5_sname_to_principal (context,
535 host,
536 "pop",
537 KRB5_NT_SRV_HST,
538 &server);
539 if (ret) {
540 warnx ("krb5_sname_to_principal: %s",
541 krb5_get_err_text (context, ret));
542 return 1;
545 ret = krb5_sendauth (context,
546 &auth_context,
548 "KPOPV1.0",
549 NULL,
550 server,
552 NULL,
553 NULL,
554 NULL,
555 NULL,
556 NULL,
557 NULL);
558 krb5_free_principal (context, server);
559 if (ret) {
560 warnx ("krb5_sendauth: %s",
561 krb5_get_err_text (context, ret));
562 return 1;
564 return doit (s, host, user, filename, header_str, leavep, verbose, forkp);
566 #endif
568 #ifdef KRB4
569 static int
570 do_v4 (const char *host,
571 int port,
572 const char *user,
573 const char *filename,
574 const char *header_str,
575 int leavep,
576 int verbose,
577 int forkp)
579 KTEXT_ST ticket;
580 MSG_DAT msg_data;
581 CREDENTIALS cred;
582 des_key_schedule sched;
583 int s;
584 int ret;
586 s = do_connect (host, port, 1);
587 if (s < 0)
588 return 1;
589 ret = krb_sendauth(0,
591 &ticket,
592 "pop",
593 (char *)host,
594 krb_realmofhost(host),
595 getpid(),
596 &msg_data,
597 &cred,
598 sched,
599 NULL,
600 NULL,
601 "KPOPV0.1");
602 if(ret) {
603 warnx("krb_sendauth: %s", krb_get_err_text(ret));
604 return 1;
606 return doit (s, host, user, filename, header_str, leavep, verbose, forkp);
608 #endif /* KRB4 */
610 #ifdef HESIOD
612 #ifdef HESIOD_INTERFACES
614 static char *
615 hesiod_get_pobox (const char **user)
617 void *context;
618 struct hesiod_postoffice *hpo;
619 char *ret = NULL;
621 if(hesiod_init (&context) != 0)
622 err (1, "hesiod_init");
624 hpo = hesiod_getmailhost (context, *user);
625 if (hpo == NULL) {
626 warn ("hesiod_getmailhost %s", *user);
627 } else {
628 if (strcasecmp(hpo->hesiod_po_type, "pop") != 0)
629 errx (1, "Unsupported po type %s", hpo->hesiod_po_type);
631 ret = estrdup(hpo->hesiod_po_host);
632 *user = estrdup(hpo->hesiod_po_name);
633 hesiod_free_postoffice (context, hpo);
635 hesiod_end (context);
636 return ret;
639 #else /* !HESIOD_INTERFACES */
641 static char *
642 hesiod_get_pobox (const char **user)
644 char *ret = NULL;
645 struct hes_postoffice *hpo;
647 hpo = hes_getmailhost (*user);
648 if (hpo == NULL) {
649 warn ("hes_getmailhost %s", *user);
650 } else {
651 if (strcasecmp(hpo->po_type, "pop") != 0)
652 errx (1, "Unsupported po type %s", hpo->po_type);
654 ret = estrdup(hpo->po_host);
655 *user = estrdup(hpo->po_name);
657 return ret;
660 #endif /* HESIOD_INTERFACES */
662 #endif /* HESIOD */
664 static char *
665 get_pobox (const char **user)
667 char *ret = NULL;
669 #ifdef HESIOD
670 ret = hesiod_get_pobox (user);
671 #endif
673 if (ret == NULL)
674 ret = getenv("MAILHOST");
675 if (ret == NULL)
676 errx (1, "MAILHOST not set");
677 return ret;
680 static void
681 parse_pobox (char *a0, const char **host, const char **user)
683 const char *h, *u;
684 char *p;
685 int po = 0;
687 if (a0 == NULL) {
689 *user = getenv ("USERNAME");
690 if (*user == NULL) {
691 struct passwd *pwd = getpwuid (getuid ());
693 if (pwd == NULL)
694 errx (1, "Who are you?");
695 *user = estrdup (pwd->pw_name);
697 *host = get_pobox (user);
698 return;
701 /* if the specification starts with po:, remember this information */
702 if(strncmp(a0, "po:", 3) == 0) {
703 a0 += 3;
704 po++;
706 /* if there is an `@', the hostname is after it, otherwise at the
707 beginning of the string */
708 p = strchr(a0, '@');
709 if(p != NULL) {
710 *p++ = '\0';
711 h = p;
712 } else {
713 h = a0;
715 /* if there is a `:', the username comes before it, otherwise at
716 the beginning of the string */
717 p = strchr(a0, ':');
718 if(p != NULL) {
719 *p++ = '\0';
720 u = p;
721 } else {
722 u = a0;
724 if(h == u) {
725 /* some inconsistent compatibility with various mailers */
726 if(po) {
727 h = get_pobox (&u);
728 } else {
729 u = get_default_username ();
730 if (u == NULL)
731 errx (1, "Who are you?");
734 *host = h;
735 *user = u;
739 main(int argc, char **argv)
741 int port = 0;
742 int optind = 0;
743 int ret = 1;
744 const char *host, *user, *filename = NULL;
745 char *pobox = NULL;
747 setprogname (argv[0]);
749 #ifdef KRB5
751 krb5_error_code ret;
753 ret = krb5_init_context (&context);
754 if (ret)
755 errx (1, "krb5_init_context failed: %d", ret);
757 #endif
759 if (getarg (args, sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]), argc, argv,
760 &optind))
761 usage (1);
763 argc -= optind;
764 argv += optind;
766 #if defined(KRB4) && defined(KRB5)
767 if(use_v4 == -1 && use_v5 == 1)
768 use_v4 = 0;
769 if(use_v5 == -1 && use_v4 == 1)
770 use_v5 = 0;
771 #endif
773 if (do_help)
774 usage (0);
776 if (do_version) {
777 print_version(NULL);
778 return 0;
781 if (do_from && header_str == NULL)
782 header_str = "From:";
783 else if (header_str != NULL)
784 do_from = 1;
786 if (do_from) {
787 if (argc == 0)
788 pobox = NULL;
789 else if (argc == 1)
790 pobox = argv[0];
791 else
792 usage (1);
793 } else {
794 if (argc == 1) {
795 filename = argv[0];
796 pobox = NULL;
797 } else if (argc == 2) {
798 filename = argv[1];
799 pobox = argv[0];
800 } else
801 usage (1);
804 if (port_str) {
805 struct servent *s = roken_getservbyname (port_str, "tcp");
807 if (s)
808 port = s->s_port;
809 else {
810 char *ptr;
812 port = strtol (port_str, &ptr, 10);
813 if (port == 0 && ptr == port_str)
814 errx (1, "Bad port `%s'", port_str);
815 port = htons(port);
818 if (port == 0) {
819 #ifdef KRB5
820 port = krb5_getportbyname (context, "kpop", "tcp", 1109);
821 #elif defined(KRB4)
822 port = k_getportbyname ("kpop", "tcp", htons(1109));
823 #else
824 #error must define KRB4 or KRB5
825 #endif
828 parse_pobox (pobox, &host, &user);
830 #ifdef KRB5
831 if (ret && use_v5) {
832 ret = do_v5 (host, port, user, filename, header_str,
833 do_leave, verbose_level, do_fork);
835 #endif
837 #ifdef KRB4
838 if (ret && use_v4) {
839 ret = do_v4 (host, port, user, filename, header_str,
840 do_leave, verbose_level, do_fork);
842 #endif /* KRB4 */
843 return ret;