stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  16    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  17    02111-1307 USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 # ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
  92 #  define WIFCONTINUED(status)  __WIFCONTINUED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  93 # endif
  94 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  95
  96 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
  97 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  98 typedef struct
  99   {
 100     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
 101     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
 102   } div_t;
 103
 104 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 105 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 106 typedef struct
 107   {
 108     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 109     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 110   } ldiv_t;
 111 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 112 #endif
 113 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 114
 115 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 116 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 117 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 118 __extension__ typedef struct
 119   {
 120     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 121     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 122   } lldiv_t;
 123 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 124 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 125 #endif
 126
 127
 128 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 129 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 130
 131
 132 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 133    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 134 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 135 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 136
 137
 138 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 139 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 140 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
 141
 142
 143 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 144 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 145 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr)
 146      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1));
 147 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 148 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr)
 149      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1));
 150 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 151 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr)
 152      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1));
 153 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 154
 155 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 156 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 157 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 158 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 159      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1));
 160 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 161 #endif
 162
 163 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 164 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 165 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 166                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 167 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 168
 169 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 170 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 171 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 172 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 173                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 174
 175 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 176                             char **__restrict __endptr)
 177      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 178 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 179 #endif
 180
 181 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 182 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 183 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 184                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 185      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 186 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 187 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 189      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 190 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 191
 192 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 193 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 194 __extension__
 195 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 196                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 197      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 198 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 199 __extension__
 200 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 201                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 202      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 203 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 204
 205 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 206 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 207 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 208 __extension__
 209 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 210                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 211      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 212 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 213 __extension__
 214 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 215                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 216      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 217 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 218 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 219
 220
 221 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 222 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 223    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 224    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 225    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 226    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 227    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 228    argument.
 229
 230    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 231    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 232
 233 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 234    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 235 # include <xlocale.h>
 236
 237 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 238    use as an additional parameter.  */
 239 extern long int strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 240                           char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 241                           __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 242
 243 extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 244                                     char **__restrict __endptr,
 245                                     int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 246      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 247
 248 __extension__
 249 extern long long int strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 250                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 251                                 __locale_t __loc)
 252      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 253
 254 __extension__
 255 extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 256                                           char **__restrict __endptr,
 257                                           int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 258      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
 259
 260 extern double strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 261                         char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 262      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 263
 264 extern float strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 265                        char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 266      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 267
 268 extern long double strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 269                               char **__restrict __endptr,
 270                               __locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
 271 #endif /* GNU */
 272
 273
 274 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 275    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 276
 277 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 278                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 279      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 280 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 281                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 282      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 283 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 284                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 285                                        int __group) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 286 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 287 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 288                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 289                                    int __base, int __group)
 290      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 291 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 292 #endif
 293 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 294 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 295                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 296                                              int __base, int __group)
 297      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 298 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 299 #endif
 300 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 301 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 302 __extension__
 303 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 304                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 305                                          int __base, int __group)
 306      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 307 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 308 # endif
 309 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 310 __extension__
 311 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 312                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 313                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 314                                                    int __base, int __group)
 315      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 316 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 317 # endif
 318 #endif /* GCC */
 319
 320 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 321 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 322
 323 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 324 extern __inline double
 325 __NTH (strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 326 {
 327   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 328 }
 329 extern __inline long int
 330 __NTH (strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 331                int __base))
 332 {
 333   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 334 }
 335 extern __inline unsigned long int
 336 __NTH (strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 337                 int __base))
 338 {
 339   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 340 }
 341 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 342
 343 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 344 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 345 extern __inline float
 346 __NTH (strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 347 {
 348   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 349 }
 350 extern __inline long double
 351 __NTH (strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr))
 352 {
 353   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 354 }
 355 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 356 # endif
 357
 358 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 359 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 360 __NTH (strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 361                int __base))
 362 {
 363   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 364 }
 365 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 366 __NTH (strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 367                 int __base))
 368 {
 369   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 370 }
 371 # endif
 372
 373 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 374 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 375 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 376 __NTH (strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 377                 int __base))
 378 {
 379   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 380 }
 381 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 382 __NTH (strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 383                  int __base))
 384 {
 385   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 386 }
 387 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 388 # endif
 389
 390 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 391 extern __inline double
 392 __NTH (atof (__const char *__nptr))
 393 {
 394   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 395 }
 396 extern __inline int
 397 __NTH (atoi (__const char *__nptr))
 398 {
 399   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 400 }
 401 extern __inline long int
 402 __NTH (atol (__const char *__nptr))
 403 {
 404   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 405 }
 406 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 407
 408 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 409 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 410 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 411 __NTH (atoll (__const char *__nptr))
 412 {
 413   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 414 }
 415 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 416 # endif
 417 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 418
 419
 420 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 421 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 422    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 423    next call.  */
 424 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 425
 426 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 427 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s)
 428      __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1));
 429
 430 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 431
 432 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_BSD
 433 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 434
 435 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 436    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 437    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 438    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 439 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 440 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 441
 442 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 443 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 444
 445 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 446    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 447    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 448    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 449 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 450                         size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 451
 452 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 453    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 454 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 455
 456
 457 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 458 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 459    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 460    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 461
 462 struct random_data
 463   {
 464     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 465     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 466     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 467     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 468     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 469     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 470     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 471   };
 472
 473 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 474                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 475
 476 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
 477      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 478
 479 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 480                         size_t __statelen,
 481                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 482      __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
 483
 484 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 485                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
 486      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 487 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 488 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open || BSD. */
 489
 490
 491 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 492 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 493 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 494 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 495 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 496 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 497
 498 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 499 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 500 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 501 #endif
 502
 503
 504 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 505 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 506
 507 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 508 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 509 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 510
 511 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 512 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 513 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 514      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 515
 516 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 517 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 518 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
 519      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 520
 521 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 522 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 523 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
 524      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 525 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 526
 527 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 528 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 529    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 530    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 531 struct drand48_data
 532   {
 533     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 534     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 535     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 536     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 537     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 538   };
 539
 540 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 541 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 542                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 543 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 544                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 545                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 546
 547 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 548 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 549                       long int *__restrict __result)
 550      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 551 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 552                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 553                       long int *__restrict __result)
 554      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 555
 556 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 557 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 558                       long int *__restrict __result)
 559      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 560 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 561                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 562                       long int *__restrict __result)
 563      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 564
 565 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 566 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 567      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 568
 569 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 570                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 571
 572 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 573                       struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 574      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
 575 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 576 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 577
 578 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 579
 580 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 581 # define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 582 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 583 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 584 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 585 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 586 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 587      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 588 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 589 #endif
 590
 591 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 592 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 593 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 594    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 595 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 596 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 597 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 598 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 599
 600 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 601 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 602 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 603 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 604
 605 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 606 # include <alloca.h>
 607 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 608
 609 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 610 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 611 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 612 #endif
 613
 614 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 615 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 616 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 617      __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __nonnull ((1));
 618 #endif
 619
 620 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 621 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 622 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 623
 624
 625 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 626 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 627 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 628
 629 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 630 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 631    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 632 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 633      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 634 #endif
 635
 636 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 637 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 638    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 639    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 640 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 641 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 642
 643 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 644 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 645 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 646    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 647 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 648 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 649 #endif
 650
 651
 652 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 653 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 654 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 655 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 656
 657 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 658    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 659 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 660
 661 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 662 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 663 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 664    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 665 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 666 #endif
 667
 668 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 669 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 670    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 671 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 672      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 673
 674 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 675 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 676 #endif
 677
 678 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 679 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 680    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 681    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 682 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 683 #endif
 684
 685
 686 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 687 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 688    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 689    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 690    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 691 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 692
 693 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 694    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 695    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 696    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 697    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
 698
 699    This function is a possible cancellation points and therefore not
 700    marked with __THROW.  */
 701 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 702 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1));
 703 # else
 704 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 705 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64) __nonnull ((1));
 706 #  else
 707 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 708 #  endif
 709 # endif
 710 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 711 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1));
 712 # endif
 713 #endif
 714
 715 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 716 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 717    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 718    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 719    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 720    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 721 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 722 #endif
 723
 724
 725 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 726 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.
 727
 728    This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
 729    __THROW.  */
 730 extern int system (__const char *__command);
 731 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 732
 733
 734 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 735 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 736    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 737    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 738 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name)
 739      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 740 #endif
 741
 742 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 743 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 744    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 745    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 746    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 747    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 748    name in RESOLVED.  */
 749 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 750                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 751 #endif
 752
 753
 754 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 755 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 756 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 757 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 758
 759 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 760 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 761 # endif
 762 #endif
 763
 764 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 765 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 766    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 767 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 768                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
 769      __nonnull ((1, 2, 5));
 770
 771 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 772    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 773 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 774                    __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
 775
 776
 777 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 778 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 779 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 780 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 781
 782 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 783 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 784      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 785 #endif
 786
 787
 788 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 789 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 790    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 791 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 792 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 793      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 794 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 795      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 796 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 797
 798 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 799 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
 800 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 801                                     long long int __denom)
 802      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 803 __END_NAMESPACE_C99
 804 #endif
 805
 806
 807 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 808 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 809    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 810
 811 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 812    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 813    with the sign of the number.  */
 814 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 815                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4));
 816
 817 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 818    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 819    the number.  */
 820 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 821                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4));
 822
 823 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 824    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 825    be written to BUF.  */
 826 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 827      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 828
 829
 830 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 831 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 832 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 833                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 834      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4));
 835 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 836                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
 837      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4));
 838 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
 839      __THROW __nonnull ((3));
 840
 841
 842 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 843    buffers.  */
 844 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 845                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 846                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 847 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 848                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 849                    size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 850
 851 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 852                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 853                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 854      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 855 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 856                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 857                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
 858      __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
 859 # endif /* misc */
 860 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 861
 862
 863 __BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 864 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 865    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 866 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 867 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 868    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 869 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 870                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 871 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 872    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 873 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 874
 875
 876 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 877 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 878                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 879 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 880 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 881                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 882      __THROW;
 883 __END_NAMESPACE_STD
 884
 885
 886 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 887 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 888    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 889    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 890    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 891 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 892 #endif
 893
 894
 895 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 896 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 897    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 898    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 899    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 900    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 901    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 902 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 903                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 904                       char **__restrict __valuep)
 905      __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3));
 906 #endif
 907
 908
 909 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 910 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 911 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 912 #endif
 913
 914
 915 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 916
 917 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 918 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 919 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag);
 920 #endif
 921
 922 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 923 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 924    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 925
 926 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 927 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 928
 929 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 930    Call after grantpt().  */
 931 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 932
 933 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 934    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 935    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 936 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 937 #endif
 938
 939 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 940 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 941    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 942    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 943 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
 944      __THROW __nonnull ((2));
 945
 946 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 947 extern int getpt (void);
 948 #endif
 949
 950 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 951 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 952    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 953    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 954 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
 955      __THROW __nonnull ((1));
 956 #endif
 957
 958 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 959 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 960
 961 __END_DECLS
 962
 963 #endif /* stdlib.h  */