stdlib/stdlib.h

   1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   2    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   3
   4    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   5    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   6    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   7    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  12    Lesser General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  15    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
  16    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
  17    02111-1307 USA.  */
  18
  19 /*
  20  *      ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities        <stdlib.h>
  21  */
  22
  23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
  24
  25 #include <features.h>
  26
  27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
  28 #define         __need_size_t
  29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  30 # define        __need_wchar_t
  31 # define        __need_NULL
  32 #endif
  33 #include <stddef.h>
  34
  35 __BEGIN_DECLS
  36
  37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
  38 #define _STDLIB_H       1
  39
  40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
  41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
  42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
  43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
  44
  45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
  46
  47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
  48    as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word.  */
  49
  50 #  if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
  51 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)                                                 \
  52   (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u;            \
  53                     __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
  54 #  else
  55 #   define __WAIT_INT(status)   (*(int *) &(status))
  56 #  endif
  57
  58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'.  The funky union
  59    causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
  60    allowed without complaint.  __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
  61    the actual function definitions.  */
  62
  63 #  if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
  64 #   define __WAIT_STATUS        void *
  65 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   void *
  66 #  else
  67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later.  */
  68 typedef union
  69   {
  70     union wait *__uptr;
  71     int *__iptr;
  72   } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
  73 #   define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN   int *
  74 #  endif
  75
  76 # else /* Don't use BSD.  */
  77
  78 #  define __WAIT_INT(status)    (status)
  79 #  define __WAIT_STATUS         int *
  80 #  define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN    int *
  81
  82 # endif /* Use BSD.  */
  83
  84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
  85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status)    __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
  86 # define WTERMSIG(status)       __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  87 # define WSTOPSIG(status)       __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
  88 # define WIFEXITED(status)      __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status)    __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status)     __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
  91 #endif  /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */
  92
  93 /* Returned by `div'.  */
  94 typedef struct
  95   {
  96     int quot;                   /* Quotient.  */
  97     int rem;                    /* Remainder.  */
  98   } div_t;
  99
 100 /* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
 101 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
 102 typedef struct
 103   {
 104     long int quot;              /* Quotient.  */
 105     long int rem;               /* Remainder.  */
 106   } ldiv_t;
 107 # define __ldiv_t_defined       1
 108 #endif
 109
 110 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
 111 /* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
 112 __extension__ typedef struct
 113   {
 114     long long int quot;         /* Quotient.  */
 115     long long int rem;          /* Remainder.  */
 116   } lldiv_t;
 117 # define __lldiv_t_defined      1
 118 #endif
 119
 120
 121 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
 122 #define RAND_MAX        2147483647
 123
 124
 125 /* We define these the same for all machines.
 126    Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
 127 #define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */
 128 #define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */
 129
 130
 131 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
 132 #define MB_CUR_MAX      (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
 133 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
 134
 135
 136 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 137 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 138 /* Convert a string to an integer.  */
 139 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 140 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 141 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 142
 143 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 144 /* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
 145 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
 146      __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 147 #endif
 148
 149 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
 150 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 151                       char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 152
 153 #ifdef  __USE_ISOC99
 154 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
 155 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 156                      char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 157
 158 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 159                             char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
 160 #endif
 161
 162 /* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
 163 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 164                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 165 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
 166 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 167                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 168      __THROW;
 169
 170 #if defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_BSD
 171 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 172 __extension__
 173 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 174                              char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 175 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 176 __extension__
 177 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 178                                        char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 179      __THROW;
 180 #endif /* GCC and use BSD.  */
 181
 182 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GLIBC_HAVE_LONG_LONG && defined __USE_MISC)
 183 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99.  */
 184
 185 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
 186 __extension__
 187 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 188                               char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
 189 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
 190 __extension__
 191 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 192                                         char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
 193      __THROW;
 194 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC.  */
 195
 196
 197 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 198 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
 199    thought out.  Many applications will need to process its data using
 200    information from several different locales.  Another application is
 201    the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
 202    upcoming ISO C++ standard library.  To support this another set of
 203    the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
 204    argument.
 205
 206    Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
 207    This is a proof-of-concept implementation.  */
 208
 209 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions.  This is an
 210    (almost) opaque type for the user level programs.  */
 211 # include <xlocale.h>
 212
 213 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
 214    use as an additional parameter.  */
 215 extern long int __strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 216                             char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 217                             __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 218
 219 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 220                                       char **__restrict __endptr,
 221                                       int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 222
 223 __extension__
 224 extern long long int __strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 225                                   char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
 226                                   __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 227
 228 __extension__
 229 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 230                                             char **__restrict __endptr,
 231                                             int __base, __locale_t __loc)
 232      __THROW;
 233
 234 extern double __strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 235                           char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
 236      __THROW;
 237
 238 extern float __strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 239                          char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 240
 241 extern long double __strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 242                                 char **__restrict __endptr,
 243                                 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
 244 #endif /* GNU */
 245
 246
 247 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
 248    saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping.  */
 249
 250 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 251                                  char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 252      __THROW;
 253 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 254                                 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
 255      __THROW;
 256 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 257                                        char **__restrict __endptr,
 258                                        int __group) __THROW;
 259 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
 260 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 261                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 262                                    int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 263 # define __strtol_internal_defined      1
 264 #endif
 265 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
 266 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 267                                              char **__restrict __endptr,
 268                                              int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 269 # define __strtoul_internal_defined     1
 270 #endif
 271 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
 272 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
 273 __extension__
 274 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
 275                                          char **__restrict __endptr,
 276                                          int __base, int __group) __THROW;
 277 #  define __strtoll_internal_defined    1
 278 # endif
 279 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
 280 __extension__
 281 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
 282                                                    __restrict __nptr,
 283                                                    char **__restrict __endptr,
 284                                                    int __base, int __group)
 285      __THROW;
 286 #  define __strtoull_internal_defined   1
 287 # endif
 288 #endif /* GCC */
 289
 290 #ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
 291 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points.  */
 292
 293 extern __inline double
 294 strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 295 {
 296   return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 297 }
 298 extern __inline long int
 299 strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 300         int __base) __THROW
 301 {
 302   return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 303 }
 304 extern __inline unsigned long int
 305 strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 306          int __base) __THROW
 307 {
 308   return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 309 }
 310
 311 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 312 extern __inline float
 313 strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 314 {
 315   return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 316 }
 317 extern __inline long double
 318 strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
 319 {
 320   return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
 321 }
 322 # endif
 323
 324 # ifdef __USE_BSD
 325 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 326 strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 327         int __base) __THROW
 328 {
 329   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 330 }
 331 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 332 strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 333          int __base) __THROW
 334 {
 335   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 336 }
 337 # endif
 338
 339 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 340 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 341 strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 342          int __base) __THROW
 343 {
 344   return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 345 }
 346 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
 347 strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
 348           int __base) __THROW
 349 {
 350   return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
 351 }
 352 # endif
 353
 354 extern __inline double
 355 atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 356 {
 357   return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
 358 }
 359 extern __inline int
 360 atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 361 {
 362   return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 363 }
 364 extern __inline long int
 365 atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 366 {
 367   return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 368 }
 369
 370 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
 371 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
 372 atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
 373 {
 374   return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
 375 }
 376 # endif
 377 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */
 378
 379
 380 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 381 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
 382    digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
 383    next call.  */
 384 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
 385
 386 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
 387 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
 388
 389
 390 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
 391
 392 /* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
 393    `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
 394    The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
 395    We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
 396 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 397 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
 398
 399 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 400 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 401
 402 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
 403    of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
 404    32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
 405    cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
 406 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
 407                         size_t __statelen) __THROW;
 408
 409 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
 410    which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
 411 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW;
 412
 413
 414 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 415 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
 416    These functions all use the following data structure to contain
 417    state, rather than global state variables.  */
 418
 419 struct random_data
 420   {
 421     int32_t *fptr;              /* Front pointer.  */
 422     int32_t *rptr;              /* Rear pointer.  */
 423     int32_t *state;             /* Array of state values.  */
 424     int rand_type;              /* Type of random number generator.  */
 425     int rand_deg;               /* Degree of random number generator.  */
 426     int rand_sep;               /* Distance between front and rear.  */
 427     int32_t *end_ptr;           /* Pointer behind state table.  */
 428   };
 429
 430 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
 431                      int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 432
 433 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
 434
 435 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
 436                         size_t __statelen,
 437                         struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 438
 439 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
 440                        struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
 441 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 442 #endif  /* Use SVID || extended X/Open.  */
 443
 444
 445 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
 446 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
 447 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
 448 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
 449
 450 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
 451 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
 452 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
 453 #endif
 454
 455
 456 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 457 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */
 458
 459 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 460 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
 461 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 462
 463 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 464 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
 465 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 466
 467 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 468 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
 469 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
 470
 471 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 472 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
 473 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
 474 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
 475
 476 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 477 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
 478    type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
 479    have to allocate objects of this type.  */
 480 struct drand48_data
 481   {
 482     unsigned short int __x[3];  /* Current state.  */
 483     unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
 484     unsigned short int __c;     /* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
 485     unsigned short int __init;  /* Flag for initializing.  */
 486     unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula.  */
 487   };
 488
 489 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
 490 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 491                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 492 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 493                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 494                       double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 495
 496 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
 497 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 498                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 499 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 500                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 501                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 502
 503 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
 504 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 505                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 506 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
 507                       struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
 508                       long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
 509
 510 /* Seed random number generator.  */
 511 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
 512      __THROW;
 513
 514 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
 515                      struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 516
 517 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
 518                       struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
 519 # endif /* Use misc.  */
 520 #endif  /* Use SVID or X/Open.  */
 521
 522 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 523
 524 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 525 #define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
 526 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
 527 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 528 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
 529 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
 530      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 531 #endif
 532
 533 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 534 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
 535    in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
 536 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 537 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
 538 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 539
 540 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 541 /* Free a block.  An alias for `free'.  (Sun Unices).  */
 542 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
 543 #endif /* Use misc.  */
 544
 545 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
 546 # include <alloca.h>
 547 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc.  */
 548
 549 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 550 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
 551 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 552 #endif
 553
 554 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 555 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
 556 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
 557      __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
 558 #endif
 559
 560 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
 561 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 562
 563
 564 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
 565 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
 566
 567 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 568 /* Register a function to be called with the status
 569    given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
 570 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
 571      __THROW;
 572 #endif
 573
 574 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
 575    in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
 576    perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
 577 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 578
 579 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 580 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
 581    functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
 582 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
 583 #endif
 584
 585
 586 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
 587 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 588
 589 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
 590    programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
 591 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 592
 593 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
 594 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.   */
 595 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
 596    If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
 597 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
 598 #endif
 599
 600 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
 601 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
 602    If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
 603 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
 604      __THROW;
 605
 606 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
 607 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 608 #endif
 609
 610 #ifdef  __USE_MISC
 611 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
 612    never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
 613    for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
 614 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
 615 #endif
 616
 617
 618 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 619 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 620    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 621    they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
 622    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
 623 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 624
 625 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
 626    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 627    they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
 628    Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
 629    or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.  */
 630 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
 631 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 632 # else
 633 #  ifdef __REDIRECT
 634 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template) __THROW, mkstemp64);
 635 #  else
 636 #   define mkstemp mkstemp64
 637 #  endif
 638 # endif
 639 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
 640 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __THROW;
 641 # endif
 642 #endif
 643
 644 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 645 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
 646    The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
 647    they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 648    Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
 649    The directory is created mode 700.  */
 650 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
 651 #endif
 652
 653
 654 /* Execute the given line as a shell command.  */
 655 extern int system (__const char *__command) __THROW;
 656
 657
 658 #ifdef  __USE_GNU
 659 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
 660    named file.  The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
 661    symlink to a nonexistent file.  */
 662 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
 663 #endif
 664
 665 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 666 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  The last file name
 667    component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
 668    If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
 669    name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
 670    ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
 671    name in RESOLVED.  */
 672 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
 673                        char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
 674 #endif
 675
 676
 677 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
 678 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
 679 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
 680 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
 681
 682 # ifdef __USE_GNU
 683 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
 684 # endif
 685 #endif
 686
 687 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
 688    of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 689 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
 690                       size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
 691
 692 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
 693    using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
 694 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
 695                    __compar_fn_t __compar);
 696
 697
 698 /* Return the absolute value of X.  */
 699 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 700 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 701 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 702 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
 703      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 704 #endif
 705
 706
 707 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
 708    of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
 709 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
 710 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
 711      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 712 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
 713      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 714 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
 715 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
 716                                     long long int __denom)
 717      __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
 718 #endif
 719
 720
 721 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 722 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
 723    valid only until another call to the same function.  */
 724
 725 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
 726    this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
 727    with the sign of the number.  */
 728 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 729                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 730
 731 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
 732    with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
 733    the number.  */
 734 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 735                    int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 736
 737 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
 738    Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
 739    be written to BUF.  */
 740 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 741
 742
 743 # ifdef __USE_MISC
 744 /* Long double versions of above functions.  */
 745 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 746                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 747 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 748                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
 749 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
 750
 751
 752 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
 753    buffers.  */
 754 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 755                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 756                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 757 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
 758                    int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
 759                    size_t __len) __THROW;
 760
 761 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 762                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 763                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 764 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
 765                     int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
 766                     char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
 767 # endif /* misc */
 768 #endif  /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
 769
 770
 771 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
 772    in S, which is no longer than N.  */
 773 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 774 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
 775    putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
 776 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
 777                    __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 778 /* Put the multibyte character represented
 779    by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
 780 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
 781
 782
 783 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
 784 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
 785                         __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
 786 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
 787 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
 788                         __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
 789      __THROW;
 790
 791
 792 #ifdef __USE_SVID
 793 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
 794    or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
 795    in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
 796    negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
 797 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
 798 #endif
 799
 800
 801 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
 802 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
 803    strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
 804    optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
 805    not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
 806    suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
 807    token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
 808 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
 809                       char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
 810                       char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
 811 #endif
 812
 813
 814 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 815 /* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
 816 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
 817 #endif
 818
 819
 820 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */
 821
 822 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
 823 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
 824 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __THROW;
 825 #endif
 826
 827 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
 828 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
 829    perform an operation on the associated slave:  */
 830
 831 /* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
 832 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 833
 834 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
 835    Call after grantpt().  */
 836 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
 837
 838 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
 839    the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
 840    The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
 841 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
 842 #endif
 843
 844 #ifdef __USE_GNU
 845 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
 846    terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
 847    Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
 848 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
 849
 850 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
 851 extern int getpt (void) __THROW;
 852 #endif
 853
 854 #ifdef __USE_BSD
 855 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
 856    NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
 857    three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
 858 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
 859 #endif
 860
 861 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
 862 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
 863
 864 __END_DECLS
 865
 866 #endif /* stdlib.h  */