compat/mingw.c

   1 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
   2 #include "win32.h"
   3 #include <conio.h>
   4 #include <wchar.h>
   5 #include "../strbuf.h"
   6 #include "../run-command.h"
   7 #include "../cache.h"
   8
   9 static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
  10
  11 int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
  12 {
  13         int error = ENOSYS;
  14         switch(winerr) {
  15         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
  16         case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
  17         case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
  18         case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
  19         case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  20         case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
  21         case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
  22         case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
  23         case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
  24         case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  25         case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  26         case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
  27         case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
  28         case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  29         case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
  30         case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  31         case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  32         case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  33         case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
  34         case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
  35         case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
  36         case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
  37         case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
  38         case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
  39         case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
  40         case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
  41         case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
  42         case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
  43         case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
  44         case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
  45         case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
  46         case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
  47         case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  48         case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  49         case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
  50         case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  51         case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  52         case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  53         case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
  54         case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
  55         case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
  56         case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  57         case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
  58         case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
  59         case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  60         case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
  61         case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
  62         case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
  63         case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  64         case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
  65         case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
  66         case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
  67         case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
  68         case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  69         case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
  70         case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
  71         case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
  72         case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
  73         case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
  74         case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
  75         case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
  76         case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
  77         case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
  78         case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  79         case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
  80         case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
  81         case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
  82         case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
  83         case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  84         case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
  85         case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  86         case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
  87         case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  88         case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
  89         case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
  90         case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  91         case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
  92         case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
  93         case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
  94         case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
  95         case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
  96         case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
  97         case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  98         case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
  99         case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 100         case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
 101         case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 102         case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 103         case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
 104         case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 105         case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
 106         case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 107         case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
 108         case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
 109         case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
 110         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
 111         case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
 112         case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
 113         case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
 114         case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
 115         case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
 116         case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
 117         case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
 118         case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 119         case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
 120         }
 121         return error;
 122 }
 123
 124 static inline int is_file_in_use_error(DWORD errcode)
 125 {
 126         switch (errcode) {
 127         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 128         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 129                 return 1;
 130         }
 131
 132         return 0;
 133 }
 134
 135 static int read_yes_no_answer(void)
 136 {
 137         char answer[1024];
 138
 139         if (fgets(answer, sizeof(answer), stdin)) {
 140                 size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
 141                 int got_full_line = 0, c;
 142
 143                 /* remove the newline */
 144                 if (answer_len >= 2 && answer[answer_len-2] == '\r') {
 145                         answer[answer_len-2] = '\0';
 146                         got_full_line = 1;
 147                 } else if (answer_len >= 1 && answer[answer_len-1] == '\n') {
 148                         answer[answer_len-1] = '\0';
 149                         got_full_line = 1;
 150                 }
 151                 /* flush the buffer in case we did not get the full line */
 152                 if (!got_full_line)
 153                         while ((c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
 154                                 ;
 155         } else
 156                 /* we could not read, return the
 157                  * default answer which is no */
 158                 return 0;
 159
 160         if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'y' && !answer[1])
 161                 return 1;
 162         if (!strncasecmp(answer, "yes", sizeof(answer)))
 163                 return 1;
 164         if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'n' && !answer[1])
 165                 return 0;
 166         if (!strncasecmp(answer, "no", sizeof(answer)))
 167                 return 0;
 168
 169         /* did not find an answer we understand */
 170         return -1;
 171 }
 172
 173 static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 174 {
 175         char question[4096];
 176         const char *retry_hook[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 177         va_list args;
 178
 179         va_start(args, format);
 180         vsnprintf(question, sizeof(question), format, args);
 181         va_end(args);
 182
 183         if ((retry_hook[0] = mingw_getenv("GIT_ASK_YESNO"))) {
 184                 retry_hook[1] = question;
 185                 return !run_command_v_opt(retry_hook, 0);
 186         }
 187
 188         if (!isatty(_fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(_fileno(stderr)))
 189                 return 0;
 190
 191         while (1) {
 192                 int answer;
 193                 fprintf(stderr, "%s (y/n) ", question);
 194
 195                 if ((answer = read_yes_no_answer()) >= 0)
 196                         return answer;
 197
 198                 fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, I did not understand your answer. "
 199                                 "Please type 'y' or 'n'\n");
 200         }
 201 }
 202
 203 int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 204 {
 205         int ret, tries = 0;
 206         wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 207         if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 208                 return -1;
 209
 210         /* read-only files cannot be removed */
 211         _wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
 212         while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 213                 if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 214                         break;
 215                 /*
 216                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
 217                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 218                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 219                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 220                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 221                  */
 222                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
 223                 tries++;
 224         }
 225         while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 226                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 227                         "Should I try again?", pathname))
 228                ret = _wunlink(wpathname);
 229         return ret;
 230 }
 231
 232 static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 233 {
 234         WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 235         HANDLE handle;
 236         wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
 237         wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
 238         wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
 239         handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
 240         if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 241                 return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 242
 243         while (!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".") ||
 244                         !wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".."))
 245                 if (!FindNextFileW(handle, &findbuf)) {
 246                         DWORD err = GetLastError();
 247                         FindClose(handle);
 248                         return err == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 249                 }
 250         FindClose(handle);
 251         return 0;
 252 }
 253
 254 int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 255 {
 256         int ret, tries = 0;
 257         wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 258         if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 259                 return -1;
 260
 261         while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 262                 if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 263                         errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 264                 if (errno != EACCES)
 265                         break;
 266                 if (!is_dir_empty(wpathname)) {
 267                         errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 268                         break;
 269                 }
 270                 /*
 271                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
 272                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 273                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 274                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 275                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 276                  */
 277                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
 278                 tries++;
 279         }
 280         while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 281                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 282                         "Should I try again?", pathname))
 283                ret = _wrmdir(wpathname);
 284         return ret;
 285 }
 286
 287 int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
 288 {
 289         int ret;
 290         wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
 291         if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
 292                 return -1;
 293         ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
 294         return ret;
 295 }
 296
 297 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 298 {
 299         va_list args;
 300         unsigned mode;
 301         int fd;
 302         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 303
 304         va_start(args, oflags);
 305         mode = va_arg(args, int);
 306         va_end(args);
 307
 308         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 309                 filename = "nul";
 310
 311         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 312                 return -1;
 313         fd = _wopen(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 314
 315         if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EACCES) {
 316                 DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 317                 if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 318                         errno = EISDIR;
 319         }
 320         return fd;
 321 }
 322
 323 static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
 324 {
 325         return TRUE;
 326 }
 327
 328 #undef fgetc
 329 int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
 330 {
 331         int ch;
 332         if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
 333                 return fgetc(stream);
 334
 335         SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
 336         while (1) {
 337                 ch = fgetc(stream);
 338                 if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
 339                         break;
 340
 341                 /* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
 342                 mingw_raise(SIGINT);
 343         }
 344         SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
 345         return ch;
 346 }
 347
 348 #undef fopen
 349 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 350 {
 351         FILE *file;
 352         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 353         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 354                 filename = "nul";
 355         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 356                 xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 357                 return NULL;
 358         file = _wfopen(wfilename, wotype);
 359         return file;
 360 }
 361
 362 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 363 {
 364         FILE *file;
 365         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 366         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 367                 filename = "nul";
 368         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 369                 xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 370                 return NULL;
 371         file = _wfreopen(wfilename, wotype, stream);
 372         return file;
 373 }
 374
 375 #undef fflush
 376 int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
 377 {
 378         int ret = fflush(stream);
 379
 380         /*
 381          * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
 382          * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
 383          * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
 384          * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
 385          * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
 386          * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
 387          * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
 388          * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
 389          * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
 390          */
 391         if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
 392                 errno = EPIPE;
 393
 394         return ret;
 395 }
 396
 397 int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
 398 {
 399         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 400         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 401                 return -1;
 402         /* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
 403         return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
 404 }
 405
 406 int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
 407 {
 408         wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
 409         if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
 410                 return -1;
 411         return _wchdir(wdirname);
 412 }
 413
 414 int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
 415 {
 416         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 417         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 418                 return -1;
 419         return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 420 }
 421
 422 /*
 423  * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
 424  * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
 425  */
 426 static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
 427 {
 428         long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
 429         /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
 430         return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
 431 }
 432
 433 static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
 434 {
 435         return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
 436 }
 437
 438 /* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
 439  * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
 440  * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
 441  *
 442  * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
 443  * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
 444  */
 445 static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 446 {
 447         WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
 448         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 449         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 450                 return -1;
 451
 452         if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
 453                 buf->st_ino = 0;
 454                 buf->st_gid = 0;
 455                 buf->st_uid = 0;
 456                 buf->st_nlink = 1;
 457                 buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 458                 buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 459                         (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 460                 buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 461                 buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 462                 buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 463                 buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 464                 if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 465                         WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 466                         HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
 467                         if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 468                                 if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 469                                                 (findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
 470                                         if (follow) {
 471                                                 char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
 472                                                 buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 473                                         } else {
 474                                                 buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
 475                                         }
 476                                         buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
 477                                         if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
 478                                                 buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
 479                                 }
 480                                 FindClose(handle);
 481                         }
 482                 }
 483                 return 0;
 484         }
 485         switch (GetLastError()) {
 486         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 487         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 488         case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
 489         case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
 490                 errno = EACCES;
 491                 break;
 492         case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
 493                 errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 494                 break;
 495         case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
 496                 errno = ENOMEM;
 497                 break;
 498         default:
 499                 errno = ENOENT;
 500                 break;
 501         }
 502         return -1;
 503 }
 504
 505 /* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
 506  * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
 507  * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
 508  * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
 509  * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
 510  */
 511 static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 512 {
 513         int namelen;
 514         char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 515
 516         if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 517                 return 0;
 518
 519         /* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
 520          * try again without trailing slashes
 521          */
 522         if (errno != ENOENT)
 523                 return -1;
 524
 525         namelen = strlen(file_name);
 526         if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
 527                 return -1;
 528         while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
 529                 --namelen;
 530         if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
 531                 return -1;
 532
 533         memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
 534         alt_name[namelen] = 0;
 535         return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
 536 }
 537
 538 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 539 {
 540         return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
 541 }
 542 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 543 {
 544         return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 545 }
 546
 547 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 548 {
 549         HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
 550         BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
 551
 552         if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 553                 errno = EBADF;
 554                 return -1;
 555         }
 556         /* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
 557         if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
 558                 return _fstati64(fd, buf);
 559
 560         if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
 561                 buf->st_ino = 0;
 562                 buf->st_gid = 0;
 563                 buf->st_uid = 0;
 564                 buf->st_nlink = 1;
 565                 buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 566                 buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 567                         (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 568                 buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 569                 buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 570                 buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 571                 buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 572                 return 0;
 573         }
 574         errno = EBADF;
 575         return -1;
 576 }
 577
 578 static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
 579 {
 580         long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
 581         ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
 582         ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
 583 }
 584
 585 int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 586 {
 587         FILETIME mft, aft;
 588         int fh, rc;
 589         DWORD attrs;
 590         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 591         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 592                 return -1;
 593
 594         /* must have write permission */
 595         attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 596         if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 597             (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 598                 /* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
 599                 SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 600         }
 601
 602         if ((fh = _wopen(wfilename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 603                 rc = -1;
 604                 goto revert_attrs;
 605         }
 606
 607         if (times) {
 608                 time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
 609                 time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
 610         } else {
 611                 GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
 612                 aft = mft;
 613         }
 614         if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
 615                 errno = EINVAL;
 616                 rc = -1;
 617         } else
 618                 rc = 0;
 619         close(fh);
 620
 621 revert_attrs:
 622         if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 623             (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 624                 /* ignore errors again */
 625                 SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs);
 626         }
 627         return rc;
 628 }
 629
 630 unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 631 {
 632         Sleep(seconds*1000);
 633         return 0;
 634 }
 635
 636 char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
 637 {
 638         wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
 639         if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
 640                 return NULL;
 641         if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
 642                 return NULL;
 643         if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
 644                 return NULL;
 645         return template;
 646 }
 647
 648 int mkstemp(char *template)
 649 {
 650         char *filename = mktemp(template);
 651         if (filename == NULL)
 652                 return -1;
 653         return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
 654 }
 655
 656 int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
 657 {
 658         FILETIME ft;
 659         long long hnsec;
 660
 661         GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
 662         hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
 663         tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
 664         tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
 665         return 0;
 666 }
 667
 668 int pipe(int filedes[2])
 669 {
 670         HANDLE h[2];
 671
 672         /* this creates non-inheritable handles */
 673         if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
 674                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 675                 return -1;
 676         }
 677         filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[0], O_NOINHERIT);
 678         if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 679                 CloseHandle(h[0]);
 680                 CloseHandle(h[1]);
 681                 return -1;
 682         }
 683         filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[1], O_NOINHERIT);
 684         if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 685                 close(filedes[0]);
 686                 CloseHandle(h[1]);
 687                 return -1;
 688         }
 689         return 0;
 690 }
 691
 692 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 693 {
 694         /* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 695         memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 696         return result;
 697 }
 698
 699 struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 700 {
 701         /* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 702         memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 703         return result;
 704 }
 705
 706 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
 707 {
 708         int i;
 709         wchar_t wpointer[MAX_PATH];
 710         if (!_wgetcwd(wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer)))
 711                 return NULL;
 712         if (xwcstoutf(pointer, wpointer, len) < 0)
 713                 return NULL;
 714         for (i = 0; pointer[i]; i++)
 715                 if (pointer[i] == '\\')
 716                         pointer[i] = '/';
 717         return pointer;
 718 }
 719
 720 /*
 721  * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
 722  * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
 723  */
 724 static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
 725 {
 726         /* count chars to quote */
 727         int len = 0, n = 0;
 728         int force_quotes = 0;
 729         char *q, *d;
 730         const char *p = arg;
 731         if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
 732         while (*p) {
 733                 if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
 734                         force_quotes = 1;
 735                 else if (*p == '"')
 736                         n++;
 737                 else if (*p == '\\') {
 738                         int count = 0;
 739                         while (*p == '\\') {
 740                                 count++;
 741                                 p++;
 742                                 len++;
 743                         }
 744                         if (*p == '"')
 745                                 n += count*2 + 1;
 746                         continue;
 747                 }
 748                 len++;
 749                 p++;
 750         }
 751         if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
 752                 return arg;
 753
 754         /* insert \ where necessary */
 755         d = q = xmalloc(len+n+3);
 756         *d++ = '"';
 757         while (*arg) {
 758                 if (*arg == '"')
 759                         *d++ = '\\';
 760                 else if (*arg == '\\') {
 761                         int count = 0;
 762                         while (*arg == '\\') {
 763                                 count++;
 764                                 *d++ = *arg++;
 765                         }
 766                         if (*arg == '"') {
 767                                 while (count-- > 0)
 768                                         *d++ = '\\';
 769                                 *d++ = '\\';
 770                         }
 771                 }
 772                 *d++ = *arg++;
 773         }
 774         *d++ = '"';
 775         *d++ = 0;
 776         return q;
 777 }
 778
 779 static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
 780 {
 781         static char buf[100];
 782         char *p, *opt;
 783         int n, fd;
 784
 785         /* don't even try a .exe */
 786         n = strlen(cmd);
 787         if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
 788                 return NULL;
 789
 790         fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
 791         if (fd < 0)
 792                 return NULL;
 793         n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
 794         close(fd);
 795         if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
 796                 return NULL;
 797
 798         if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
 799                 return NULL;
 800         buf[n] = '\0';
 801         p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
 802         if (!*p)
 803                 return NULL;
 804
 805         *p = '\0';
 806         if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
 807                 return NULL;
 808         /* strip options */
 809         if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
 810                 *opt = '\0';
 811         return p+1;
 812 }
 813
 814 /*
 815  * Splits the PATH into parts.
 816  */
 817 static char **get_path_split(void)
 818 {
 819         char *p, **path, *envpath = mingw_getenv("PATH");
 820         int i, n = 0;
 821
 822         if (!envpath || !*envpath)
 823                 return NULL;
 824
 825         envpath = xstrdup(envpath);
 826         p = envpath;
 827         while (p) {
 828                 char *dir = p;
 829                 p = strchr(p, ';');
 830                 if (p) *p++ = '\0';
 831                 if (*dir) {     /* not earlier, catches series of ; */
 832                         ++n;
 833                 }
 834         }
 835         if (!n)
 836                 return NULL;
 837
 838         path = xmalloc((n+1)*sizeof(char *));
 839         p = envpath;
 840         i = 0;
 841         do {
 842                 if (*p)
 843                         path[i++] = xstrdup(p);
 844                 p = p+strlen(p)+1;
 845         } while (i < n);
 846         path[i] = NULL;
 847
 848         free(envpath);
 849
 850         return path;
 851 }
 852
 853 static void free_path_split(char **path)
 854 {
 855         char **p = path;
 856
 857         if (!path)
 858                 return;
 859
 860         while (*p)
 861                 free(*p++);
 862         free(path);
 863 }
 864
 865 /*
 866  * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
 867  * (which do not have an extension)
 868  */
 869 static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, const char *cmd, int isexe, int exe_only)
 870 {
 871         char path[MAX_PATH];
 872         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.exe", dir, cmd);
 873
 874         if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
 875                 return xstrdup(path);
 876         path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
 877         if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
 878                 if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 879                         return xstrdup(path);
 880         return NULL;
 881 }
 882
 883 /*
 884  * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
 885  * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
 886  */
 887 static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
 888 {
 889         char *prog = NULL;
 890         int len = strlen(cmd);
 891         int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
 892
 893         if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
 894                 prog = xstrdup(cmd);
 895
 896         while (!prog && *path)
 897                 prog = lookup_prog(*path++, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
 898
 899         return prog;
 900 }
 901
 902 static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old);
 903
 904 /* used number of elements of environ array, including terminating NULL */
 905 static int environ_size = 0;
 906 /* allocated size of environ array, in bytes */
 907 static int environ_alloc = 0;
 908
 909 static int compareenv(const void *a, const void *b)
 910 {
 911         char *const *ea = a;
 912         char *const *eb = b;
 913         return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
 914 }
 915
 916 /*
 917  * Create environment block suitable for CreateProcess. Merges current
 918  * process environment and the supplied environment changes.
 919  */
 920 static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
 921 {
 922         wchar_t *wenvblk = NULL;
 923         char **tmpenv;
 924         int i = 0, size = environ_size, wenvsz = 0, wenvpos = 0;
 925
 926         while (deltaenv && deltaenv[i])
 927                 i++;
 928
 929         /* copy the environment, leaving space for changes */
 930         tmpenv = xmalloc((size + i) * sizeof(char*));
 931         memcpy(tmpenv, environ, size * sizeof(char*));
 932
 933         /* merge supplied environment changes into the temporary environment */
 934         for (i = 0; deltaenv && deltaenv[i]; i++)
 935                 size = do_putenv(tmpenv, deltaenv[i], size, 0);
 936
 937         /* environment must be sorted */
 938         qsort(tmpenv, size - 1, sizeof(char*), compareenv);
 939
 940         /* create environment block from temporary environment */
 941         for (i = 0; tmpenv[i]; i++) {
 942                 size = 2 * strlen(tmpenv[i]) + 2; /* +2 for final \0 */
 943                 ALLOC_GROW(wenvblk, (wenvpos + size) * sizeof(wchar_t), wenvsz);
 944                 wenvpos += xutftowcs(&wenvblk[wenvpos], tmpenv[i], size) + 1;
 945         }
 946         /* add final \0 terminator */
 947         wenvblk[wenvpos] = 0;
 948         free(tmpenv);
 949         return wenvblk;
 950 }
 951
 952 struct pinfo_t {
 953         struct pinfo_t *next;
 954         pid_t pid;
 955         HANDLE proc;
 956 };
 957 static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
 958 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 959
 960 static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
 961                               const char *dir,
 962                               int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 963 {
 964         STARTUPINFOW si;
 965         PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
 966         struct strbuf args;
 967         wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
 968         unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
 969         BOOL ret;
 970
 971         /* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
 972         HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
 973                         FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
 974                         FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 975         if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 976                 /* There is no console associated with this process.
 977                  * Since the child is a console process, Windows
 978                  * would normally create a console window. But
 979                  * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
 980                  * not need the console.
 981                  * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
 982                  * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
 983                  * recognize that it has no console.
 984                  */
 985                 flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;
 986         } else {
 987                 /* There is already a console. If we specified
 988                  * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
 989                  * disassociate the child from the console.
 990                  * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
 991                  * Go figure!
 992                  */
 993                 CloseHandle(cons);
 994         }
 995         memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
 996         si.cb = sizeof(si);
 997         si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
 998         si.hStdInput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhin);
 999         si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
1000         si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
1001
1002         if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
1003                 return -1;
1004         if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
1005                 return -1;
1006
1007         /* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
1008         strbuf_init(&args, 0);
1009         if (prepend_cmd) {
1010                 char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
1011                 strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1012                 if (quoted != cmd)
1013                         free(quoted);
1014         }
1015         for (; *argv; argv++) {
1016                 char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
1017                 if (*args.buf)
1018                         strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
1019                 strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1020                 if (quoted != *argv)
1021                         free(quoted);
1022         }
1023
1024         wargs = xmalloc((2 * args.len + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
1025         xutftowcs(wargs, args.buf, 2 * args.len + 1);
1026         strbuf_release(&args);
1027
1028         wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
1029
1030         memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
1031         ret = CreateProcessW(wcmd, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
1032                 wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
1033
1034         free(wenvblk);
1035         free(wargs);
1036
1037         if (!ret) {
1038                 errno = ENOENT;
1039                 return -1;
1040         }
1041         CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
1042
1043         /*
1044          * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
1045          * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
1046          * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
1047          * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
1048          * handle after the process terminated.
1049          * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
1050          */
1051         EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1052         {
1053                 struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
1054                 info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
1055                 info->proc = pi.hProcess;
1056                 info->next = pinfo;
1057                 pinfo = info;
1058         }
1059         LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1060
1061         return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
1062 }
1063
1064 static pid_t mingw_spawnv(const char *cmd, const char **argv, int prepend_cmd)
1065 {
1066         return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, NULL, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
1067 }
1068
1069 pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1070                      const char *dir,
1071                      int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1072 {
1073         pid_t pid;
1074         char **path = get_path_split();
1075         char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
1076
1077         if (!prog) {
1078                 errno = ENOENT;
1079                 pid = -1;
1080         }
1081         else {
1082                 const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
1083
1084                 if (interpr) {
1085                         const char *argv0 = argv[0];
1086                         char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
1087                         argv[0] = prog;
1088                         if (!iprog) {
1089                                 errno = ENOENT;
1090                                 pid = -1;
1091                         }
1092                         else {
1093                                 pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 1,
1094                                                        fhin, fhout, fherr);
1095                                 free(iprog);
1096                         }
1097                         argv[0] = argv0;
1098                 }
1099                 else
1100                         pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 0,
1101                                                fhin, fhout, fherr);
1102                 free(prog);
1103         }
1104         free_path_split(path);
1105         return pid;
1106 }
1107
1108 static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1109 {
1110         const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
1111         char **path;
1112         char *prog;
1113         int pid = 0;
1114
1115         if (!interpr)
1116                 return 0;
1117         path = get_path_split();
1118         prog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
1119         if (prog) {
1120                 int argc = 0;
1121                 const char **argv2;
1122                 while (argv[argc]) argc++;
1123                 argv2 = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (argc+1));
1124                 argv2[0] = (char *)cmd; /* full path to the script file */
1125                 memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
1126                 pid = mingw_spawnv(prog, argv2, 1);
1127                 if (pid >= 0) {
1128                         int status;
1129                         if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1130                                 status = 255;
1131                         exit(status);
1132                 }
1133                 pid = 1;        /* indicate that we tried but failed */
1134                 free(prog);
1135                 free(argv2);
1136         }
1137         free_path_split(path);
1138         return pid;
1139 }
1140
1141 int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1142 {
1143         /* check if git_command is a shell script */
1144         if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv)) {
1145                 int pid, status;
1146
1147                 pid = mingw_spawnv(cmd, (const char **)argv, 0);
1148                 if (pid < 0)
1149                         return -1;
1150                 if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1151                         status = 255;
1152                 exit(status);
1153         }
1154         return -1;
1155 }
1156
1157 int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1158 {
1159         char **path = get_path_split();
1160         char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
1161
1162         if (prog) {
1163                 mingw_execv(prog, argv);
1164                 free(prog);
1165         } else
1166                 errno = ENOENT;
1167
1168         free_path_split(path);
1169         return -1;
1170 }
1171
1172 int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
1173 {
1174         if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
1175                 HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
1176
1177                 if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
1178                         CloseHandle(h);
1179                         return 0;
1180                 }
1181
1182                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1183                 CloseHandle(h);
1184                 return -1;
1185         } else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
1186                 HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
1187                 if (h) {
1188                         CloseHandle(h);
1189                         return 0;
1190                 }
1191         }
1192
1193         errno = EINVAL;
1194         return -1;
1195 }
1196
1197 static int lookupenv(char **env, const char *name, size_t nmln)
1198 {
1199         int i;
1200
1201         for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
1202                 if (!strncasecmp(env[i], name, nmln) && '=' == env[i][nmln])
1203                         /* matches */
1204                         return i;
1205         }
1206         return -1;
1207 }
1208
1209 /*
1210  * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
1211  * Size includes the terminating NULL. Env must have room for size + 1 entries
1212  * (in case of insert). Returns the new size. Optionally frees removed entries.
1213  */
1214 static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old)
1215 {
1216         char *eq = strchrnul(name, '=');
1217         int i = lookupenv(env, name, eq-name);
1218
1219         if (i < 0) {
1220                 if (*eq) {
1221                         env[size - 1] = (char*) name;
1222                         env[size] = NULL;
1223                         size++;
1224                 }
1225         }
1226         else {
1227                 if (free_old)
1228                         free(env[i]);
1229                 if (*eq)
1230                         env[i] = (char*) name;
1231                 else {
1232                         for (; env[i]; i++)
1233                                 env[i] = env[i+1];
1234                         size--;
1235                 }
1236         }
1237         return size;
1238 }
1239
1240 #undef getenv
1241 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
1242 {
1243         char *result = getenv(name);
1244         if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
1245                 /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
1246                 result = getenv("TMP");
1247                 if (!result)
1248                         result = getenv("TEMP");
1249         }
1250         return result;
1251 }
1252
1253 int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
1254 {
1255         ALLOC_GROW(environ, (environ_size + 1) * sizeof(char*), environ_alloc);
1256         environ_size = do_putenv(environ, namevalue, environ_size, 1);
1257         return 0;
1258 }
1259
1260 /*
1261  * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
1262  * that service contains a numerical port, or that it is null. It
1263  * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
1264  * if one was found.
1265  */
1266 static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
1267                                    const struct addrinfo *hints,
1268                                    struct addrinfo **res)
1269 {
1270         struct hostent *h = NULL;
1271         struct addrinfo *ai;
1272         struct sockaddr_in *sin;
1273
1274         if (node) {
1275                 h = gethostbyname(node);
1276                 if (!h)
1277                         return WSAGetLastError();
1278         }
1279
1280         ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
1281         *res = ai;
1282         ai->ai_flags = 0;
1283         ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
1284         ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
1285         switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
1286         case SOCK_STREAM:
1287                 ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
1288                 break;
1289         case SOCK_DGRAM:
1290                 ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
1291                 break;
1292         default:
1293                 ai->ai_protocol = 0;
1294                 break;
1295         }
1296         ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1297         if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
1298                 ai->ai_canonname = h ? xstrdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
1299         else
1300                 ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
1301
1302         sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
1303         memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
1304         sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
1305         /* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
1306          * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
1307          * currently not implemented */
1308         if (service)
1309                 sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
1310         if (h)
1311                 sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
1312         else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
1313                 sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
1314         else
1315                 sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
1316         ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
1317         ai->ai_next = NULL;
1318         return 0;
1319 }
1320
1321 static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
1322 {
1323         free(res->ai_canonname);
1324         free(res->ai_addr);
1325         free(res);
1326 }
1327
1328 static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1329                                    char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1330                                    char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
1331 {
1332         const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
1333         if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
1334                 return EAI_FAMILY;
1335         if (!host && !serv)
1336                 return EAI_NONAME;
1337
1338         if (host && hostlen > 0) {
1339                 struct hostent *ent = NULL;
1340                 if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
1341                         ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
1342                                             sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
1343
1344                 if (ent)
1345                         snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
1346                 else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
1347                         return EAI_NONAME;
1348                 else
1349                         snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
1350         }
1351
1352         if (serv && servlen > 0) {
1353                 struct servent *ent = NULL;
1354                 if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
1355                         ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
1356                                             flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
1357
1358                 if (ent)
1359                         snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
1360                 else
1361                         snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
1362         }
1363
1364         return 0;
1365 }
1366
1367 static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
1368 static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
1369 static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
1370                                       const struct addrinfo *hints,
1371                                       struct addrinfo **res);
1372 static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1373                                       char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1374                                       char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
1375 /*
1376  * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
1377  * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
1378  */
1379
1380 static void socket_cleanup(void)
1381 {
1382         WSACleanup();
1383         if (ipv6_dll)
1384                 FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1385         ipv6_dll = NULL;
1386         ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1387         ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1388         ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1389 }
1390
1391 static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
1392 {
1393         WSADATA wsa;
1394         static int initialized = 0;
1395         const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
1396         const char **name;
1397
1398         if (initialized)
1399                 return;
1400
1401         if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
1402                 die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
1403                         WSAGetLastError());
1404
1405         for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
1406                 ipv6_dll = LoadLibrary(*name);
1407                 if (!ipv6_dll)
1408                         continue;
1409
1410                 ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
1411                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
1412                 ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
1413                                                    const struct addrinfo *,
1414                                                    struct addrinfo **))
1415                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
1416                 ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
1417                                                    socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
1418                                                    char *, DWORD, int))
1419                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
1420                 if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1421                         FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1422                         ipv6_dll = NULL;
1423                 } else
1424                         break;
1425         }
1426         if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1427                 ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1428                 ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1429                 ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1430         }
1431
1432         atexit(socket_cleanup);
1433         initialized = 1;
1434 }
1435
1436 #undef gethostname
1437 int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
1438 {
1439     ensure_socket_initialization();
1440     return gethostname(name, namelen);
1441 }
1442
1443 #undef gethostbyname
1444 struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
1445 {
1446         ensure_socket_initialization();
1447         return gethostbyname(host);
1448 }
1449
1450 void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
1451 {
1452         ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
1453 }
1454
1455 int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
1456                       const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
1457 {
1458         ensure_socket_initialization();
1459         return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
1460 }
1461
1462 int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1463                       char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
1464                       int flags)
1465 {
1466         ensure_socket_initialization();
1467         return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
1468 }
1469
1470 int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
1471 {
1472         int sockfd;
1473         SOCKET s;
1474
1475         ensure_socket_initialization();
1476         s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
1477         if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
1478                 /*
1479                  * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
1480                  * biased by WSABASEERR.
1481                  * However, strerror() does not know about networking
1482                  * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
1483                  * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
1484                  * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
1485                  * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
1486                  */
1487                 errno = WSAGetLastError();
1488                 return -1;
1489         }
1490         /* convert into a file descriptor */
1491         if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1492                 closesocket(s);
1493                 return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1494                         strerror(errno));
1495         }
1496         return sockfd;
1497 }
1498
1499 #undef connect
1500 int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1501 {
1502         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1503         return connect(s, sa, sz);
1504 }
1505
1506 #undef bind
1507 int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1508 {
1509         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1510         return bind(s, sa, sz);
1511 }
1512
1513 #undef setsockopt
1514 int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
1515 {
1516         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1517         return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
1518 }
1519
1520 #undef shutdown
1521 int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
1522 {
1523         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1524         return shutdown(s, how);
1525 }
1526
1527 #undef listen
1528 int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
1529 {
1530         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1531         return listen(s, backlog);
1532 }
1533
1534 #undef accept
1535 int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
1536 {
1537         int sockfd2;
1538
1539         SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
1540         SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
1541
1542         /* convert into a file descriptor */
1543         if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1544                 int err = errno;
1545                 closesocket(s2);
1546                 return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1547                         strerror(err));
1548         }
1549         return sockfd2;
1550 }
1551
1552 #undef rename
1553 int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
1554 {
1555         DWORD attrs, gle;
1556         int tries = 0;
1557         wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
1558         if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
1559                 return -1;
1560
1561         /*
1562          * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
1563          * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
1564          */
1565         if (!_wrename(wpold, wpnew))
1566                 return 0;
1567         if (errno != EEXIST)
1568                 return -1;
1569 repeat:
1570         if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1571                 return 0;
1572         /* TODO: translate more errors */
1573         gle = GetLastError();
1574         if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1575             (attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
1576                 if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
1577                         errno = EISDIR;
1578                         return -1;
1579                 }
1580                 if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
1581                     SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
1582                         if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1583                                 return 0;
1584                         gle = GetLastError();
1585                         /* revert file attributes on failure */
1586                         SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs);
1587                 }
1588         }
1589         if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
1590                 /*
1591                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
1592                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
1593                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
1594                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
1595                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
1596                  */
1597                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
1598                 tries++;
1599                 goto repeat;
1600         }
1601         if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1602                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Rename from '%s' to '%s' failed. "
1603                        "Should I try again?", pold, pnew))
1604                 goto repeat;
1605
1606         errno = EACCES;
1607         return -1;
1608 }
1609
1610 /*
1611  * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
1612  * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
1613  * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
1614  */
1615 int mingw_getpagesize(void)
1616 {
1617         SYSTEM_INFO si;
1618         GetSystemInfo(&si);
1619         return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
1620 }
1621
1622 struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
1623 {
1624         static char user_name[100];
1625         static struct passwd p;
1626
1627         DWORD len = sizeof(user_name);
1628         if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len))
1629                 return NULL;
1630         p.pw_name = user_name;
1631         p.pw_gecos = "unknown";
1632         p.pw_dir = NULL;
1633         return &p;
1634 }
1635
1636 static HANDLE timer_event;
1637 static HANDLE timer_thread;
1638 static int timer_interval;
1639 static int one_shot;
1640 static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
1641
1642 /* The timer works like this:
1643  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
1644  * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
1645  * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
1646  * state.
1647  * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
1648  * length to call the signal handler.
1649  */
1650
1651 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
1652 {
1653         while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
1654                 mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
1655                 if (one_shot)
1656                         break;
1657         }
1658         return 0;
1659 }
1660
1661 static int start_timer_thread(void)
1662 {
1663         timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
1664         if (timer_event) {
1665                 timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
1666                 if (!timer_thread )
1667                         return errno = ENOMEM,
1668                                 error("cannot start timer thread");
1669         } else
1670                 return errno = ENOMEM,
1671                         error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
1672         return 0;
1673 }
1674
1675 static void stop_timer_thread(void)
1676 {
1677         if (timer_event)
1678                 SetEvent(timer_event);  /* tell thread to terminate */
1679         if (timer_thread) {
1680                 int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 1000);
1681                 if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
1682                         error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
1683                 else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
1684                         error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
1685                               GetLastError());
1686                 CloseHandle(timer_thread);
1687         }
1688         if (timer_event)
1689                 CloseHandle(timer_event);
1690         timer_event = NULL;
1691         timer_thread = NULL;
1692 }
1693
1694 static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
1695 {
1696         return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
1697 }
1698
1699 int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
1700 {
1701         static const struct timeval zero;
1702         static int atexit_done;
1703
1704         if (out != NULL)
1705                 return errno = EINVAL,
1706                         error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1707         if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
1708             !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
1709                 return errno = EINVAL,
1710                         error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
1711
1712         if (timer_thread)
1713                 stop_timer_thread();
1714
1715         if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
1716             is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
1717                 return 0;
1718
1719         timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
1720         one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
1721         if (!atexit_done) {
1722                 atexit(stop_timer_thread);
1723                 atexit_done = 1;
1724         }
1725         return start_timer_thread();
1726 }
1727
1728 int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
1729 {
1730         if (sig != SIGALRM)
1731                 return errno = EINVAL,
1732                         error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
1733         if (out != NULL)
1734                 return errno = EINVAL,
1735                         error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1736
1737         timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
1738         return 0;
1739 }
1740
1741 #undef signal
1742 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
1743 {
1744         sig_handler_t old;
1745
1746         switch (sig) {
1747         case SIGALRM:
1748                 old = timer_fn;
1749                 timer_fn = handler;
1750                 break;
1751
1752         case SIGINT:
1753                 old = sigint_fn;
1754                 sigint_fn = handler;
1755                 break;
1756
1757         default:
1758                 return signal(sig, handler);
1759         }
1760
1761         return old;
1762 }
1763
1764 #undef raise
1765 int mingw_raise(int sig)
1766 {
1767         switch (sig) {
1768         case SIGALRM:
1769                 if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
1770                         if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
1771                                 fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
1772                         exit(128 + SIGALRM);
1773                 } else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
1774                         timer_fn(SIGALRM);
1775                 return 0;
1776
1777         case SIGINT:
1778                 if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
1779                         exit(128 + SIGINT);
1780                 else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
1781                         sigint_fn(SIGINT);
1782                 return 0;
1783
1784         default:
1785                 return raise(sig);
1786         }
1787 }
1788
1789
1790 static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
1791 {
1792         static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
1793         char *c;
1794
1795         if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
1796                 die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
1797
1798         for (c = buf; *c; c++) {
1799                 if (*c == '/')
1800                         *c = '\\';
1801         }
1802         return buf;
1803 }
1804
1805 void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
1806 {
1807         const char *htmlpath = make_backslash_path(unixpath);
1808         typedef HINSTANCE (WINAPI *T)(HWND, const char *,
1809                         const char *, const char *, const char *, INT);
1810         T ShellExecute;
1811         HMODULE shell32;
1812         int r;
1813
1814         shell32 = LoadLibrary("shell32.dll");
1815         if (!shell32)
1816                 die("cannot load shell32.dll");
1817         ShellExecute = (T)GetProcAddress(shell32, "ShellExecuteA");
1818         if (!ShellExecute)
1819                 die("cannot run browser");
1820
1821         printf("Launching default browser to display HTML ...\n");
1822         r = (int)ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", SW_SHOWNORMAL);
1823         FreeLibrary(shell32);
1824         /* see the MSDN documentation referring to the result codes here */
1825         if (r <= 32) {
1826                 die("failed to launch browser for %.*s", MAX_PATH, unixpath);
1827         }
1828 }
1829
1830 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
1831 {
1832         typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
1833         static T create_hard_link = NULL;
1834         wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
1835         if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
1836                 xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
1837                 return -1;
1838
1839         if (!create_hard_link) {
1840                 create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
1841                         GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkW");
1842                 if (!create_hard_link)
1843                         create_hard_link = (T)-1;
1844         }
1845         if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
1846                 errno = ENOSYS;
1847                 return -1;
1848         }
1849         if (!create_hard_link(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
1850                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1851                 return -1;
1852         }
1853         return 0;
1854 }
1855
1856 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
1857 {
1858         HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
1859             FALSE, pid);
1860         if (!h) {
1861                 errno = ECHILD;
1862                 return -1;
1863         }
1864
1865         if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
1866                 if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
1867                         CloseHandle(h);
1868                         return 0;
1869                 }
1870                 options &= ~WNOHANG;
1871         }
1872
1873         if (options == 0) {
1874                 struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
1875                 if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
1876                         CloseHandle(h);
1877                         return 0;
1878                 }
1879
1880                 if (status)
1881                         GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
1882
1883                 EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1884
1885                 ppinfo = &pinfo;
1886                 while (*ppinfo) {
1887                         struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
1888                         if (info->pid == pid) {
1889                                 CloseHandle(info->proc);
1890                                 *ppinfo = info->next;
1891                                 free(info);
1892                                 break;
1893                         }
1894                         ppinfo = &info->next;
1895                 }
1896
1897                 LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1898
1899                 CloseHandle(h);
1900                 return pid;
1901         }
1902         CloseHandle(h);
1903
1904         errno = EINVAL;
1905         return -1;
1906 }
1907
1908 int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
1909 {
1910         int offset = 0;
1911         if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
1912                 offset = 2;
1913
1914         /* unc paths */
1915         else if (is_dir_sep(path[0]) && is_dir_sep(path[1])) {
1916
1917                 /* skip server name */
1918                 char *pos = strpbrk(path + 2, "\\/");
1919                 if (!pos)
1920                         return 0; /* Error: malformed unc path */
1921
1922                 do {
1923                         pos++;
1924                 } while (*pos && !is_dir_sep(*pos));
1925
1926                 offset = pos - path;
1927         }
1928
1929         return offset + is_dir_sep(path[offset]);
1930 }
1931
1932 int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utfs, size_t wcslen, int utflen)
1933 {
1934         int upos = 0, wpos = 0;
1935         const unsigned char *utf = (const unsigned char*) utfs;
1936         if (!utf || !wcs || wcslen < 1) {
1937                 errno = EINVAL;
1938                 return -1;
1939         }
1940         /* reserve space for \0 */
1941         wcslen--;
1942         if (utflen < 0)
1943                 utflen = INT_MAX;
1944
1945         while (upos < utflen) {
1946                 int c = utf[upos++] & 0xff;
1947                 if (utflen == INT_MAX && c == 0)
1948                         break;
1949
1950                 if (wpos >= wcslen) {
1951                         wcs[wpos] = 0;
1952                         errno = ERANGE;
1953                         return -1;
1954                 }
1955
1956                 if (c < 0x80) {
1957                         /* ASCII */
1958                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
1959                 } else if (c >= 0xc2 && c < 0xe0 && upos < utflen &&
1960                                 (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
1961                         /* 2-byte utf-8 */
1962                         c = ((c & 0x1f) << 6);
1963                         c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
1964                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
1965                 } else if (c >= 0xe0 && c < 0xf0 && upos + 1 < utflen &&
1966                                 !(c == 0xe0 && utf[upos] < 0xa0) && /* over-long encoding */
1967                                 (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
1968                                 (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
1969                         /* 3-byte utf-8 */
1970                         c = ((c & 0x0f) << 12);
1971                         c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
1972                         c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
1973                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
1974                 } else if (c >= 0xf0 && c < 0xf5 && upos + 2 < utflen &&
1975                                 wpos + 1 < wcslen &&
1976                                 !(c == 0xf0 && utf[upos] < 0x90) && /* over-long encoding */
1977                                 !(c == 0xf4 && utf[upos] >= 0x90) && /* > \u10ffff */
1978                                 (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
1979                                 (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
1980                                 (utf[upos + 2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
1981                         /* 4-byte utf-8: convert to \ud8xx \udcxx surrogate pair */
1982                         c = ((c & 0x07) << 18);
1983                         c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 12);
1984                         c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
1985                         c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
1986                         c -= 0x10000;
1987                         wcs[wpos++] = 0xd800 | (c >> 10);
1988                         wcs[wpos++] = 0xdc00 | (c & 0x3ff);
1989                 } else if (c >= 0xa0) {
1990                         /* invalid utf-8 byte, printable unicode char: convert 1:1 */
1991                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
1992                 } else {
1993                         /* invalid utf-8 byte, non-printable unicode: convert to hex */
1994                         static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
1995                         wcs[wpos++] = hex[c >> 4];
1996                         if (wpos < wcslen)
1997                                 wcs[wpos++] = hex[c & 0x0f];
1998                 }
1999         }
2000         wcs[wpos] = 0;
2001         return wpos;
2002 }
2003
2004 int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen)
2005 {
2006         if (!wcs || !utf || utflen < 1) {
2007                 errno = EINVAL;
2008                 return -1;
2009         }
2010         utflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wcs, -1, utf, utflen, NULL, NULL);
2011         if (utflen)
2012                 return utflen - 1;
2013         errno = ERANGE;
2014         return -1;
2015 }
2016
2017 /*
2018  * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
2019  * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
2020  */
2021 int _CRT_glob = 0;
2022
2023 typedef struct {
2024         int newmode;
2025 } _startupinfo;
2026
2027 extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
2028                 _startupinfo *si);
2029
2030 static NORETURN void die_startup()
2031 {
2032         fputs("fatal: not enough memory for initialization", stderr);
2033         exit(128);
2034 }
2035
2036 static void *malloc_startup(size_t size)
2037 {
2038         void *result = malloc(size);
2039         if (!result)
2040                 die_startup();
2041         return result;
2042 }
2043
2044 static char *wcstoutfdup_startup(char *buffer, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t len)
2045 {
2046         len = xwcstoutf(buffer, wcs, len) + 1;
2047         return memcpy(malloc_startup(len), buffer, len);
2048 }
2049
2050 void mingw_startup()
2051 {
2052         int i, maxlen, argc;
2053         char *buffer;
2054         wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
2055         _startupinfo si;
2056
2057         /* get wide char arguments and environment */
2058         si.newmode = 0;
2059         if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
2060                 die_startup();
2061
2062         /* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
2063         maxlen = wcslen(_wpgmptr);
2064         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
2065                 maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
2066         for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
2067                 maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wenv[i]));
2068
2069         /*
2070          * nedmalloc can't free CRT memory, allocate resizable environment
2071          * list. Note that xmalloc / xmemdupz etc. call getenv, so we cannot
2072          * use it while initializing the environment itself.
2073          */
2074         environ_size = i + 1;
2075         environ_alloc = alloc_nr(environ_size * sizeof(char*));
2076         environ = malloc_startup(environ_alloc);
2077
2078         /* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
2079         maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
2080         buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);
2081
2082         /* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
2083         __argv[0] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, _wpgmptr, maxlen);
2084         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
2085                 __argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
2086         for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
2087                 environ[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wenv[i], maxlen);
2088         environ[i] = NULL;
2089         free(buffer);
2090
2091         /* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
2092         InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2093
2094         /* set up default file mode and file modes for stdin/out/err */
2095         _fmode = _O_BINARY;
2096         _setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
2097         _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
2098         _setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
2099
2100         /* initialize Unicode console */
2101         winansi_init();
2102 }