sha1_file.c: learn about index version 2

[git/gitweb.git] / sha1_file.c

/*
 * GIT - The information manager from hell
 *
 * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
 *
 * This handles basic git sha1 object files - packing, unpacking,
 * creation etc.
 */
#include "cache.h"
#include "delta.h"
#include "pack.h"
#include "blob.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "tree.h"

#ifndef O_NOATIME
#if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
#define O_NOATIME 01000000
#else
#define O_NOATIME 0
#endif
#endif

const unsigned char null_sha1[20];

static unsigned int sha1_file_open_flag = O_NOATIME;

signed char hexval_table[256] = {
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 00-07 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 08-0f */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 10-17 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 18-1f */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 20-27 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 28-2f */
          0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,                /* 30-37 */
          8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 38-3f */
         -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,                /* 40-47 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 48-4f */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 50-57 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 58-5f */
         -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, -1,                /* 60-67 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 68-67 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 70-77 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 78-7f */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 80-87 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 88-8f */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 90-97 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* 98-9f */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* a0-a7 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* a8-af */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* b0-b7 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* b8-bf */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* c0-c7 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* c8-cf */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* d0-d7 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* d8-df */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* e0-e7 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* e8-ef */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* f0-f7 */
         -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,                /* f8-ff */
};

int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                unsigned int val = (hexval(hex[0]) << 4) | hexval(hex[1]);
                if (val & ~0xff)
                        return -1;
                *sha1++ = val;
                hex += 2;
        }
        return 0;
}

int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
{
        char *pos = path;
        struct stat st;

        if (*pos == '/')
                pos++;

        while (pos) {
                pos = strchr(pos, '/');
                if (!pos)
                        break;
                *pos = 0;
                if (!stat(path, &st)) {
                        /* path exists */
                        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
                                *pos = '/';
                                return -3;
                        }
                }
                else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
                        *pos = '/';
                        return -1;
                }
                else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
                        *pos = '/';
                        return -2;
                }
                *pos++ = '/';
        }
        return 0;
}

char * sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        static int bufno;
        static char hexbuffer[4][50];
        static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
        char *buffer = hexbuffer[3 & ++bufno], *buf = buffer;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                unsigned int val = *sha1++;
                *buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
                *buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
        }
        *buf = '\0';

        return buffer;
}

static void fill_sha1_path(char *pathbuf, const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                static char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
                unsigned int val = sha1[i];
                char *pos = pathbuf + i*2 + (i > 0);
                *pos++ = hex[val >> 4];
                *pos = hex[val & 0xf];
        }
}

/*
 * NOTE! This returns a statically allocated buffer, so you have to be
 * careful about using it. Do a "xstrdup()" if you need to save the
 * filename.
 *
 * Also note that this returns the location for creating.  Reading
 * SHA1 file can happen from any alternate directory listed in the
 * DB_ENVIRONMENT environment variable if it is not found in
 * the primary object database.
 */
char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        static char *name, *base;

        if (!base) {
                const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
                int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
                base = xmalloc(len + 60);
                memcpy(base, sha1_file_directory, len);
                memset(base+len, 0, 60);
                base[len] = '/';
                base[len+3] = '/';
                name = base + len + 1;
        }
        fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
        return base;
}

char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
        static char *name, *base, *buf;
        int i;

        if (!base) {
                const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
                int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
                base = xmalloc(len + 60);
                sprintf(base, "%s/pack/pack-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890.pack", sha1_file_directory);
                name = base + len + 11;
        }

        buf = name;

        for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                unsigned int val = *sha1++;
                *buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
                *buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
        }
        
        return base;
}

char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
        static char *name, *base, *buf;
        int i;

        if (!base) {
                const char *sha1_file_directory = get_object_directory();
                int len = strlen(sha1_file_directory);
                base = xmalloc(len + 60);
                sprintf(base, "%s/pack/pack-1234567890123456789012345678901234567890.idx", sha1_file_directory);
                name = base + len + 11;
        }

        buf = name;

        for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                unsigned int val = *sha1++;
                *buf++ = hex[val >> 4];
                *buf++ = hex[val & 0xf];
        }
        
        return base;
}

struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb_list;
static struct alternate_object_database **alt_odb_tail;

static void read_info_alternates(const char * alternates, int depth);

/*
 * Prepare alternate object database registry.
 *
 * The variable alt_odb_list points at the list of struct
 * alternate_object_database.  The elements on this list come from
 * non-empty elements from colon separated ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT
 * environment variable, and $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/info/alternates,
 * whose contents is similar to that environment variable but can be
 * LF separated.  Its base points at a statically allocated buffer that
 * contains "/the/directory/corresponding/to/.git/objects/...", while
 * its name points just after the slash at the end of ".git/objects/"
 * in the example above, and has enough space to hold 40-byte hex
 * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
 * terminating NUL.
 */
static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
{
        struct stat st;
        const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
        struct alternate_object_database *ent;
        struct alternate_object_database *alt;
        /* 43 = 40-byte + 2 '/' + terminating NUL */
        int pfxlen = len;
        int entlen = pfxlen + 43;
        int base_len = -1;

        if (*entry != '/' && relative_base) {
                /* Relative alt-odb */
                if (base_len < 0)
                        base_len = strlen(relative_base) + 1;
                entlen += base_len;
                pfxlen += base_len;
        }
        ent = xmalloc(sizeof(*ent) + entlen);

        if (*entry != '/' && relative_base) {
                memcpy(ent->base, relative_base, base_len - 1);
                ent->base[base_len - 1] = '/';
                memcpy(ent->base + base_len, entry, len);
        }
        else
                memcpy(ent->base, entry, pfxlen);

        ent->name = ent->base + pfxlen + 1;
        ent->base[pfxlen + 3] = '/';
        ent->base[pfxlen] = ent->base[entlen-1] = 0;

        /* Detect cases where alternate disappeared */
        if (stat(ent->base, &st) || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
                error("object directory %s does not exist; "
                      "check .git/objects/info/alternates.",
                      ent->base);
                free(ent);
                return -1;
        }

        /* Prevent the common mistake of listing the same
         * thing twice, or object directory itself.
         */
        for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
                if (!memcmp(ent->base, alt->base, pfxlen)) {
                        free(ent);
                        return -1;
                }
        }
        if (!memcmp(ent->base, objdir, pfxlen)) {
                free(ent);
                return -1;
        }

        /* add the alternate entry */
        *alt_odb_tail = ent;
        alt_odb_tail = &(ent->next);
        ent->next = NULL;

        /* recursively add alternates */
        read_info_alternates(ent->base, depth + 1);

        ent->base[pfxlen] = '/';

        return 0;
}

static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
                                 const char *relative_base, int depth)
{
        const char *cp, *last;

        if (depth > 5) {
                error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
                                relative_base);
                return;
        }

        last = alt;
        while (last < ep) {
                cp = last;
                if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
                        while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
                                cp++;
                        last = cp + 1;
                        continue;
                }
                while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
                        cp++;
                if (last != cp) {
                        if ((*last != '/') && depth) {
                                error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
                                                relative_base, last);
                        } else {
                                link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
                                                relative_base, depth);
                        }
                }
                while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
                        cp++;
                last = cp;
        }
}

static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
{
        char *map;
        struct stat st;
        char path[PATH_MAX];
        int fd;

        sprintf(path, "%s/info/alternates", relative_base);
        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
                return;
        if (fstat(fd, &st) || (st.st_size == 0)) {
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        close(fd);
        if (map == MAP_FAILED)
                return;

        link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + st.st_size, '\n', relative_base, depth);

        munmap(map, st.st_size);
}

void prepare_alt_odb(void)
{
        const char *alt;

        alt = getenv(ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT);
        if (!alt) alt = "";

        if (alt_odb_tail)
                return;
        alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
        link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), ':', NULL, 0);

        read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
}

static char *find_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, struct stat *st)
{
        char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
        struct alternate_object_database *alt;

        if (!stat(name, st))
                return name;
        prepare_alt_odb();
        for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
                name = alt->name;
                fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
                if (!stat(alt->base, st))
                        return alt->base;
        }
        return NULL;
}

#define PACK_MAX_SZ (1<<26)
static int pack_used_ctr;
static unsigned long pack_mapped;
struct packed_git *packed_git;

static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path,  struct packed_git *p)
{
        void *idx_map;
        struct pack_idx_header *hdr;
        unsigned long idx_size;
        unsigned int version, nr, i, *index;
        int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
        struct stat st;

        if (fd < 0)
                return -1;
        if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
                close(fd);
                return -1;
        }
        idx_size = st.st_size;
        idx_map = mmap(NULL, idx_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        close(fd);
        if (idx_map == MAP_FAILED)
                return -1;

        hdr = idx_map;
        if (hdr->idx_signature == htonl(PACK_IDX_SIGNATURE)) {
                version = ntohl(hdr->idx_version);
                if (version < 2 || version > 2) {
                        munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
                        return error("index file %s is version %d"
                                     " and is not supported by this binary"
                                     " (try upgrading GIT to a newer version)",
                                     path, version);
                }
        } else
                version = 1;

        nr = 0;
        index = idx_map;
        if (version > 1)
                index += 2;  /* skip index header */
        for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
                unsigned int n = ntohl(index[i]);
                if (n < nr)
                        return error("non-monotonic index");
                nr = n;
        }

        if (version == 1) {
                /*
                 * Total size:
                 *  - 256 index entries 4 bytes each
                 *  - 24-byte entries * nr (20-byte sha1 + 4-byte offset)
                 *  - 20-byte SHA1 of the packfile
                 *  - 20-byte SHA1 file checksum
                 */
                if (idx_size != 4*256 + nr * 24 + 20 + 20) {
                        munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
                        return error("wrong index file size in %s", path);
                }
        } else if (version == 2) {
                /*
                 * Minimum size:
                 *  - 8 bytes of header
                 *  - 256 index entries 4 bytes each
                 *  - 20-byte sha1 entry * nr
                 *  - 4-byte crc entry * nr
                 *  - 4-byte offset entry * nr
                 *  - 20-byte SHA1 of the packfile
                 *  - 20-byte SHA1 file checksum
                 * And after the 4-byte offset table might be a
                 * variable sized table containing 8-byte entries
                 * for offsets larger than 2^31.
                 */
                unsigned long min_size = 8 + 4*256 + nr*(20 + 4 + 4) + 20 + 20;
                if (idx_size < min_size || idx_size > min_size + (nr - 1)*8) {
                        munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
                        return error("wrong index file size in %s", path);
                }
                if (idx_size != min_size) {
                        /* make sure we can deal with large pack offsets */
                        if (sizeof(unsigned long) <= 4) {
                                munmap(idx_map, idx_size);
                                return error("pack %s too large -- please upgrade your git version", path);
                        }
                }
        }

        p->index_version = version;
        p->index_data = idx_map;
        p->index_size = idx_size;
        p->num_objects = nr;
        return 0;
}

static int unuse_one_packed_git(void)
{
        struct packed_git *p, *lru = NULL;

        for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
                if (p->pack_use_cnt || !p->pack_base)
                        continue;
                if (!lru || p->pack_last_used < lru->pack_last_used)
                        lru = p;
        }
        if (!lru)
                return 0;
        munmap(lru->pack_base, lru->pack_size);
        lru->pack_base = NULL;
        return 1;
}

void unuse_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
{
        p->pack_use_cnt--;
}

int use_packed_git(struct packed_git *p)
{
        if (!p->pack_size) {
                struct stat st;
                /* We created the struct before we had the pack */
                stat(p->pack_name, &st);
                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                        die("packfile %s not a regular file", p->pack_name);
                p->pack_size = st.st_size;
        }
        if (!p->pack_base) {
                int fd;
                struct stat st;
                void *map;
                struct pack_header *hdr;

                pack_mapped += p->pack_size;
                while (PACK_MAX_SZ < pack_mapped && unuse_one_packed_git())
                        ; /* nothing */
                fd = open(p->pack_name, O_RDONLY);
                if (fd < 0)
                        die("packfile %s cannot be opened", p->pack_name);
                if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
                        close(fd);
                        die("packfile %s cannot be opened", p->pack_name);
                }
                if (st.st_size != p->pack_size)
                        die("packfile %s size mismatch.", p->pack_name);
                map = mmap(NULL, p->pack_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
                close(fd);
                if (map == MAP_FAILED)
                        die("packfile %s cannot be mapped.", p->pack_name);
                p->pack_base = map;

                /* Check if we understand this pack file.  If we don't we're
                 * likely too old to handle it.
                 */
                hdr = map;
                if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
                        die("packfile %s isn't actually a pack.", p->pack_name);
                if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
                        die("packfile %s is version %i and not supported"
                                " (try upgrading GIT to a newer version)",
                                p->pack_name, ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));

                /* Check if the pack file matches with the index file.
                 * this is cheap.
                 */
                if (hashcmp((unsigned char *)(p->index_data) +
                            p->index_size - 40,
                            (unsigned char *)p->pack_base +
                            p->pack_size - 20)) {
                        die("packfile %s does not match index.", p->pack_name);
                }
        }
        p->pack_last_used = pack_used_ctr++;
        p->pack_use_cnt++;
        return 0;
}

struct packed_git *add_packed_git(char *path, int path_len, int local)
{
        struct stat st;
        struct packed_git *p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p) + path_len + 2);

        /*
         * Make sure a corresponding .pack file exists and that
         * the index looks sane.
         */
        path_len -= strlen(".idx");
        if (path_len < 1)
                return NULL;
        memcpy(p->pack_name, path, path_len);
        strcpy(p->pack_name + path_len, ".pack");
        if (stat(p->pack_name, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ||
            check_packed_git_idx(path, p)) {
                free(p);
                return NULL;
        }

        /* ok, it looks sane as far as we can check without
         * actually mapping the pack file.
         */
        p->pack_size = st.st_size;
        p->next = NULL;
        p->pack_base = NULL;
        p->pack_last_used = 0;
        p->pack_use_cnt = 0;
        p->pack_local = local;
        if (path_len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(path + path_len - 40, p->sha1))
                hashclr(p->sha1);
        return p;
}

struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1)
{
        char *path = sha1_pack_index_name(sha1);
        return parse_pack_index_file(sha1, path);
}

struct packed_git *parse_pack_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1,
                                         const char *idx_path)
{
        const char *path = sha1_pack_name(sha1);
        struct packed_git *p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p) + strlen(path) + 2);

        if (check_packed_git_idx(idx_path, p)) {
                free(p);
                return NULL;
        }

        strcpy(p->pack_name, path);
        p->pack_size = 0;
        p->next = NULL;
        p->pack_base = NULL;
        p->pack_last_used = 0;
        p->pack_use_cnt = 0;
        hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1);
        return p;
}

void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack)
{
        pack->next = packed_git;
        packed_git = pack;
}

static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
{
        char path[PATH_MAX];
        int len;
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *de;

        sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
        len = strlen(path);
        dir = opendir(path);
        if (!dir) {
                if (errno != ENOENT)
                        error("unable to open object pack directory: %s: %s",
                              path, strerror(errno));
                return;
        }
        path[len++] = '/';
        while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
                int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
                struct packed_git *p;

                if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
                        continue;

                /* we have .idx.  Is it a file we can map? */
                strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
                for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
                        if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
                                break;
                }
                if (p)
                        continue;
                p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
                if (!p)
                        continue;
                p->next = packed_git;
                packed_git = p;
        }
        closedir(dir);
}

static int prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
void prepare_packed_git(void)
{
        struct alternate_object_database *alt;

        if (prepare_packed_git_run_once)
                return;
        prepare_packed_git_one(get_object_directory(), 1);
        prepare_alt_odb();
        for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
                alt->name[-1] = 0;
                prepare_packed_git_one(alt->base, 0);
                alt->name[-1] = '/';
        }
        prepare_packed_git_run_once = 1;
}

void reprepare_packed_git(void)
{
        prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
        prepare_packed_git();
}

int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long size, const char *type)
{
        unsigned char real_sha1[20];
        hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
        return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
}

void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
{
        struct stat st;
        void *map;
        int fd;
        char *filename = find_sha1_file(sha1, &st);

        if (!filename) {
                return NULL;
        }

        fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | sha1_file_open_flag);
        if (fd < 0) {
                /* See if it works without O_NOATIME */
                switch (sha1_file_open_flag) {
                default:
                        fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
                        if (fd >= 0)
                                break;
                /* Fallthrough */
                case 0:
                        return NULL;
                }

                /* If it failed once, it will probably fail again.
                 * Stop using O_NOATIME
                 */
                sha1_file_open_flag = 0;
        }
        map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        close(fd);
        if (map == MAP_FAILED)
                return NULL;
        *size = st.st_size;
        return map;
}

int legacy_loose_object(unsigned char *map)
{
        unsigned int word;

        /*
         * Is it a zlib-compressed buffer? If so, the first byte
         * must be 0x78 (15-bit window size, deflated), and the
         * first 16-bit word is evenly divisible by 31
         */
        word = (map[0] << 8) + map[1];
        if (map[0] == 0x78 && !(word % 31))
                return 1;
        else
                return 0;
}

unsigned long unpack_object_header_gently(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        unsigned shift;
        unsigned char c;
        unsigned long size;
        unsigned long used = 0;

        c = buf[used++];
        *type = (c >> 4) & 7;
        size = c & 15;
        shift = 4;
        while (c & 0x80) {
                if (len <= used)
                        return 0;
                if (sizeof(long) * 8 <= shift)
                        return 0;
                c = buf[used++];
                size += (c & 0x7f) << shift;
                shift += 7;
        }
        *sizep = size;
        return used;
}

static int unpack_sha1_header(z_stream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz)
{
        unsigned long size, used;
        static const char valid_loose_object_type[8] = {
                0, /* OBJ_EXT */
                1, 1, 1, 1, /* "commit", "tree", "blob", "tag" */
                0, /* "delta" and others are invalid in a loose object */
        };
        enum object_type type;

        /* Get the data stream */
        memset(stream, 0, sizeof(*stream));
        stream->next_in = map;
        stream->avail_in = mapsize;
        stream->next_out = buffer;
        stream->avail_out = bufsiz;

        if (legacy_loose_object(map)) {
                inflateInit(stream);
                return inflate(stream, 0);
        }

        used = unpack_object_header_gently(map, mapsize, &type, &size);
        if (!used || !valid_loose_object_type[type])
                return -1;
        map += used;
        mapsize -= used;

        /* Set up the stream for the rest.. */
        stream->next_in = map;
        stream->avail_in = mapsize;
        inflateInit(stream);

        /* And generate the fake traditional header */
        stream->total_out = 1 + snprintf(buffer, bufsiz, "%s %lu",
                                         type_names[type], size);
        return 0;
}

static void *unpack_sha1_rest(z_stream *stream, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
{
        int bytes = strlen(buffer) + 1;
        unsigned char *buf = xmalloc(1+size);
        unsigned long n;

        n = stream->total_out - bytes;
        if (n > size)
                n = size;
        memcpy(buf, (char *) buffer + bytes, n);
        bytes = n;
        if (bytes < size) {
                stream->next_out = buf + bytes;
                stream->avail_out = size - bytes;
                while (inflate(stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
                        /* nothing */;
        }
        buf[size] = 0;
        inflateEnd(stream);
        return buf;
}

/*
 * We used to just use "sscanf()", but that's actually way
 * too permissive for what we want to check. So do an anal
 * object header parse by hand.
 */
static int parse_sha1_header(char *hdr, char *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        int i;
        unsigned long size;

        /*
         * The type can be at most ten bytes (including the 
         * terminating '\0' that we add), and is followed by
         * a space. 
         */
        i = 10;
        for (;;) {
                char c = *hdr++;
                if (c == ' ')
                        break;
                if (!--i)
                        return -1;
                *type++ = c;
        }
        *type = 0;

        /*
         * The length must follow immediately, and be in canonical
         * decimal format (ie "010" is not valid).
         */
        size = *hdr++ - '0';
        if (size > 9)
                return -1;
        if (size) {
                for (;;) {
                        unsigned long c = *hdr - '0';
                        if (c > 9)
                                break;
                        hdr++;
                        size = size * 10 + c;
                }
        }
        *sizep = size;

        /*
         * The length must be followed by a zero byte
         */
        return *hdr ? -1 : 0;
}

void * unpack_sha1_file(void *map, unsigned long mapsize, char *type, unsigned long *size)
{
        int ret;
        z_stream stream;
        char hdr[8192];

        ret = unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr));
        if (ret < Z_OK || parse_sha1_header(hdr, type, size) < 0)
                return NULL;

        return unpack_sha1_rest(&stream, hdr, *size);
}

static unsigned long get_delta_base(struct packed_git *p,
                                    unsigned long offset,
                                    enum object_type kind,
                                    unsigned long delta_obj_offset,
                                    unsigned long *base_obj_offset)
{
        unsigned char *base_info = (unsigned char *) p->pack_base + offset;
        unsigned long base_offset;

        /* there must be at least 20 bytes left regardless of delta type */
        if (p->pack_size <= offset + 20)
                die("truncated pack file");

        if (kind == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
                unsigned used = 0;
                unsigned char c = base_info[used++];
                base_offset = c & 127;
                while (c & 128) {
                        base_offset += 1;
                        if (!base_offset || base_offset & ~(~0UL >> 7))
                                die("offset value overflow for delta base object");
                        c = base_info[used++];
                        base_offset = (base_offset << 7) + (c & 127);
                }
                base_offset = delta_obj_offset - base_offset;
                if (base_offset >= delta_obj_offset)
                        die("delta base offset out of bound");
                offset += used;
        } else if (kind == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
                /* The base entry _must_ be in the same pack */
                base_offset = find_pack_entry_one(base_info, p);
                if (!base_offset)
                        die("failed to find delta-pack base object %s",
                                sha1_to_hex(base_info));
                offset += 20;
        } else
                die("I am totally screwed");
        *base_obj_offset = base_offset;
        return offset;
}

/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, unsigned long offset,
                              char *type, unsigned long *sizep);

static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
                             unsigned long offset,
                             enum object_type kind,
                             unsigned long obj_offset,
                             char *type,
                             unsigned long *sizep)
{
        unsigned long base_offset;

        offset = get_delta_base(p, offset, kind, obj_offset, &base_offset);

        /* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
         * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
         * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
         * inflate() calls.
         */
        if (packed_object_info(p, base_offset, type, NULL))
                die("cannot get info for delta-pack base");

        if (sizep) {
                const unsigned char *data;
                unsigned char delta_head[20];
                unsigned long result_size;
                z_stream stream;
                int st;

                memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));

                stream.next_in = (unsigned char *) p->pack_base + offset;
                stream.avail_in = p->pack_size - offset;
                stream.next_out = delta_head;
                stream.avail_out = sizeof(delta_head);

                inflateInit(&stream);
                st = inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
                inflateEnd(&stream);
                if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) &&
                    stream.total_out != sizeof(delta_head))
                        die("delta data unpack-initial failed");

                /* Examine the initial part of the delta to figure out
                 * the result size.
                 */
                data = delta_head;

                /* ignore base size */
                get_delta_hdr_size(&data, delta_head+sizeof(delta_head));

                /* Read the result size */
                result_size = get_delta_hdr_size(&data, delta_head+sizeof(delta_head));
                *sizep = result_size;
        }
        return 0;
}

static unsigned long unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p, unsigned long offset,
        enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        unsigned long used;

        if (p->pack_size <= offset)
                die("object offset outside of pack file");

        used = unpack_object_header_gently((unsigned char *)p->pack_base +
                                           offset,
                                           p->pack_size - offset, type, sizep);
        if (!used)
                die("object offset outside of pack file");

        return offset + used;
}

void packed_object_info_detail(struct packed_git *p,
                               unsigned long offset,
                               char *type,
                               unsigned long *size,
                               unsigned long *store_size,
                               unsigned int *delta_chain_length,
                               unsigned char *base_sha1)
{
        unsigned long obj_offset, val;
        unsigned char *next_sha1;
        enum object_type kind;

        *delta_chain_length = 0;
        obj_offset = offset;
        offset = unpack_object_header(p, offset, &kind, size);

        for (;;) {
                switch (kind) {
                default:
                        die("corrupted pack file %s containing object of kind %d",
                            p->pack_name, kind);
                case OBJ_COMMIT:
                case OBJ_TREE:
                case OBJ_BLOB:
                case OBJ_TAG:
                        strcpy(type, type_names[kind]);
                        *store_size = 0; /* notyet */
                        return;
                case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
                        get_delta_base(p, offset, kind, obj_offset, &offset);
                        if (*delta_chain_length == 0) {
                                /* TODO: find base_sha1 as pointed by offset */
                        }
                        break;
                case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
                        if (p->pack_size <= offset + 20)
                                die("pack file %s records an incomplete delta base",
                                    p->pack_name);
                        next_sha1 = (unsigned char *) p->pack_base + offset;
                        if (*delta_chain_length == 0)
                                hashcpy(base_sha1, next_sha1);
                        offset = find_pack_entry_one(next_sha1, p);
                        break;
                }
                obj_offset = offset;
                offset = unpack_object_header(p, offset, &kind, &val);
                (*delta_chain_length)++;
        }
}

static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, unsigned long offset,
                              char *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        unsigned long size, obj_offset = offset;
        enum object_type kind;

        offset = unpack_object_header(p, offset, &kind, &size);

        switch (kind) {
        case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
        case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
                return packed_delta_info(p, offset, kind, obj_offset, type, sizep);
        case OBJ_COMMIT:
        case OBJ_TREE:
        case OBJ_BLOB:
        case OBJ_TAG:
                strcpy(type, type_names[kind]);
                break;
        default:
                die("corrupted pack file %s containing object of kind %d",
                    p->pack_name, kind);
        }
        if (sizep)
                *sizep = size;
        return 0;
}

static void *unpack_compressed_entry(struct packed_git *p,
                                    unsigned long offset,
                                    unsigned long size)
{
        int st;
        z_stream stream;
        unsigned char *buffer;

        buffer = xmalloc(size + 1);
        buffer[size] = 0;
        memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
        stream.next_in = (unsigned char*)p->pack_base + offset;
        stream.avail_in = p->pack_size - offset;
        stream.next_out = buffer;
        stream.avail_out = size;

        inflateInit(&stream);
        st = inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
        inflateEnd(&stream);
        if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) || stream.total_out != size) {
                free(buffer);
                return NULL;
        }

        return buffer;
}

static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
                                unsigned long offset,
                                unsigned long delta_size,
                                enum object_type kind,
                                unsigned long obj_offset,
                                char *type,
                                unsigned long *sizep)
{
        void *delta_data, *result, *base;
        unsigned long result_size, base_size, base_offset;

        offset = get_delta_base(p, offset, kind, obj_offset, &base_offset);
        base = unpack_entry_gently(p, base_offset, type, &base_size);
        if (!base)
                die("failed to read delta base object at %lu from %s",
                    base_offset, p->pack_name);

        delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, offset, delta_size);
        result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
                             delta_data, delta_size,
                             &result_size);
        if (!result)
                die("failed to apply delta");
        free(delta_data);
        free(base);
        *sizep = result_size;
        return result;
}

static void *unpack_entry(struct pack_entry *entry,
                          char *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        struct packed_git *p = entry->p;
        void *retval;

        if (use_packed_git(p))
                die("cannot map packed file");
        retval = unpack_entry_gently(p, entry->offset, type, sizep);
        unuse_packed_git(p);
        if (!retval)
                die("corrupted pack file %s", p->pack_name);
        return retval;
}

/* The caller is responsible for use_packed_git()/unuse_packed_git() pair */
void *unpack_entry_gently(struct packed_git *p, unsigned long offset,
                          char *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        unsigned long size, obj_offset = offset;
        enum object_type kind;

        offset = unpack_object_header(p, offset, &kind, &size);
        switch (kind) {
        case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
        case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
                return unpack_delta_entry(p, offset, size, kind, obj_offset, type, sizep);
        case OBJ_COMMIT:
        case OBJ_TREE:
        case OBJ_BLOB:
        case OBJ_TAG:
                strcpy(type, type_names[kind]);
                *sizep = size;
                return unpack_compressed_entry(p, offset, size);
        default:
                return NULL;
        }
}

const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(const struct packed_git *p,
                                            unsigned int n)
{
        const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
        if (n >= p->num_objects)
                return NULL;
        index += 4 * 256;
        if (p->index_version == 1) {
                return index + 24 * n + 4;
        } else {
                index += 8;
                return index + 20 * n;
        }
}

static off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *p, uint32_t n)
{
        const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
        index += 4 * 256;
        if (p->index_version == 1) {
                return ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 24 * n)));
        } else {
                uint32_t off;
                index += 8 + p->num_objects * (20 + 4);
                off = ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 4 * n)));
                if (!(off & 0x80000000))
                        return off;
                index += p->num_objects * 4 + (off & 0x7fffffff) * 8;
                return (((uint64_t)ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 0)))) << 32) |
                                   ntohl(*((uint32_t *)(index + 4)));
        }
}

unsigned long find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *sha1,
                                  struct packed_git *p)
{
        const unsigned int *level1_ofs = p->index_data;
        const unsigned char *index = p->index_data;
        unsigned hi, lo;

        if (p->index_version > 1) {
                level1_ofs += 2;
                index += 8;
        }
        index += 4 * 256;
        hi = ntohl(level1_ofs[*sha1]);
        lo = ((*sha1 == 0x0) ? 0 : ntohl(level1_ofs[*sha1 - 1]));

        do {
                unsigned mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
                unsigned x = (p->index_version > 1) ? (mi * 20) : (mi * 24 + 4);
                int cmp = hashcmp(index + x, sha1);
                if (!cmp)
                        return nth_packed_object_offset(p, mi);
                if (cmp > 0)
                        hi = mi;
                else
                        lo = mi+1;
        } while (lo < hi);
        return 0;
}

static int matches_pack_name(struct packed_git *p, const char *ig)
{
        const char *last_c, *c;

        if (!strcmp(p->pack_name, ig))
                return 0;

        for (c = p->pack_name, last_c = c; *c;)
                if (*c == '/')
                        last_c = ++c;
                else
                        ++c;
        if (!strcmp(last_c, ig))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}

static int find_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct pack_entry *e, const char **ignore_packed)
{
        struct packed_git *p;
        unsigned long offset;

        prepare_packed_git();

        for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
                if (ignore_packed) {
                        const char **ig;
                        for (ig = ignore_packed; *ig; ig++)
                                if (!matches_pack_name(p, *ig))
                                        break;
                        if (*ig)
                                continue;
                }
                offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
                if (offset) {
                        e->offset = offset;
                        e->p = p;
                        hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
                        return 1;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1, 
                                  struct packed_git *packs)
{
        struct packed_git *p;

        for (p = packs; p; p = p->next) {
                if (find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p))
                        return p;
        }
        return NULL;
        
}

int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, char *type, unsigned long *sizep)
{
        int status;
        unsigned long mapsize, size;
        void *map;
        z_stream stream;
        char hdr[128];

        map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
        if (!map) {
                struct pack_entry e;

                if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, NULL)) {
                        reprepare_packed_git();
                        if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, NULL))
                                return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
                }
                if (use_packed_git(e.p))
                        die("cannot map packed file");
                status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, type, sizep);
                unuse_packed_git(e.p);
                return status;
        }
        if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
                status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
                               sha1_to_hex(sha1));
        if (parse_sha1_header(hdr, type, &size) < 0)
                status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
        else {
                status = 0;
                if (sizep)
                        *sizep = size;
        }
        inflateEnd(&stream);
        munmap(map, mapsize);
        return status;
}

static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1, char *type, unsigned long *size)
{
        struct pack_entry e;

        if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, NULL)) {
                error("cannot read sha1_file for %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
                return NULL;
        }
        return unpack_entry(&e, type, size);
}

void * read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, char *type, unsigned long *size)
{
        unsigned long mapsize;
        void *map, *buf;
        struct pack_entry e;

        if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, NULL))
                return read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, size);
        map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
        if (map) {
                buf = unpack_sha1_file(map, mapsize, type, size);
                munmap(map, mapsize);
                return buf;
        }
        reprepare_packed_git();
        if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, NULL))
                return read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, size);
        return NULL;
}

void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
                                 const char *required_type,
                                 unsigned long *size,
                                 unsigned char *actual_sha1_return)
{
        char type[20];
        void *buffer;
        unsigned long isize;
        unsigned char actual_sha1[20];

        hashcpy(actual_sha1, sha1);
        while (1) {
                int ref_length = -1;
                const char *ref_type = NULL;

                buffer = read_sha1_file(actual_sha1, type, &isize);
                if (!buffer)
                        return NULL;
                if (!strcmp(type, required_type)) {
                        *size = isize;
                        if (actual_sha1_return)
                                hashcpy(actual_sha1_return, actual_sha1);
                        return buffer;
                }
                /* Handle references */
                else if (!strcmp(type, commit_type))
                        ref_type = "tree ";
                else if (!strcmp(type, tag_type))
                        ref_type = "object ";
                else {
                        free(buffer);
                        return NULL;
                }
                ref_length = strlen(ref_type);

                if (memcmp(buffer, ref_type, ref_length) ||
                    get_sha1_hex((char *) buffer + ref_length, actual_sha1)) {
                        free(buffer);
                        return NULL;
                }
                free(buffer);
                /* Now we have the ID of the referred-to object in
                 * actual_sha1.  Check again. */
        }
}

static void write_sha1_file_prepare(void *buf, unsigned long len,
                                    const char *type, unsigned char *sha1,
                                    unsigned char *hdr, int *hdrlen)
{
        SHA_CTX c;

        /* Generate the header */
        *hdrlen = sprintf((char *)hdr, "%s %lu", type, len)+1;

        /* Sha1.. */
        SHA1_Init(&c);
        SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, *hdrlen);
        SHA1_Update(&c, buf, len);
        SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
}

/*
 * Link the tempfile to the final place, possibly creating the
 * last directory level as you do so.
 *
 * Returns the errno on failure, 0 on success.
 */
static int link_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
{
        int ret;
        char *dir;

        if (!link(tmpfile, filename))
                return 0;

        /*
         * Try to mkdir the last path component if that failed.
         *
         * Re-try the "link()" regardless of whether the mkdir
         * succeeds, since a race might mean that somebody
         * else succeeded.
         */
        ret = errno;
        dir = strrchr(filename, '/');
        if (dir) {
                *dir = 0;
                if (!mkdir(filename, 0777) && adjust_shared_perm(filename)) {
                        *dir = '/';
                        return -2;
                }
                *dir = '/';
                if (!link(tmpfile, filename))
                        return 0;
                ret = errno;
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Move the just written object into its final resting place
 */
int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
{
        int ret = link_temp_to_file(tmpfile, filename);

        /*
         * Coda hack - coda doesn't like cross-directory links,
         * so we fall back to a rename, which will mean that it
         * won't be able to check collisions, but that's not a
         * big deal.
         *
         * The same holds for FAT formatted media.
         *
         * When this succeeds, we just return 0. We have nothing
         * left to unlink.
         */
        if (ret && ret != EEXIST) {
                if (!rename(tmpfile, filename))
                        return 0;
                ret = errno;
        }
        unlink(tmpfile);
        if (ret) {
                if (ret != EEXIST) {
                        return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(ret));
                }
                /* FIXME!!! Collision check here ? */
        }

        return 0;
}

static int write_buffer(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
        while (len) {
                ssize_t size;

                size = write(fd, buf, len);
                if (!size)
                        return error("file write: disk full");
                if (size < 0) {
                        if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
                                continue;
                        return error("file write error (%s)", strerror(errno));
                }
                len -= size;
                buf = (char *) buf + size;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int write_binary_header(unsigned char *hdr, enum object_type type, unsigned long len)
{
        int hdr_len;
        unsigned char c;

        c = (type << 4) | (len & 15);
        len >>= 4;
        hdr_len = 1;
        while (len) {
                *hdr++ = c | 0x80;
                hdr_len++;
                c = (len & 0x7f);
                len >>= 7;
        }
        *hdr = c;
        return hdr_len;
}

static void setup_object_header(z_stream *stream, const char *type, unsigned long len)
{
        int obj_type, hdr;

        if (use_legacy_headers) {
                while (deflate(stream, 0) == Z_OK)
                        /* nothing */;
                return;
        }
        if (!strcmp(type, blob_type))
                obj_type = OBJ_BLOB;
        else if (!strcmp(type, tree_type))
                obj_type = OBJ_TREE;
        else if (!strcmp(type, commit_type))
                obj_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
        else if (!strcmp(type, tag_type))
                obj_type = OBJ_TAG;
        else
                die("trying to generate bogus object of type '%s'", type);
        hdr = write_binary_header(stream->next_out, obj_type, len);
        stream->total_out = hdr;
        stream->next_out += hdr;
        stream->avail_out -= hdr;
}

int hash_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type,
                   unsigned char *sha1)
{
        unsigned char hdr[50];
        int hdrlen;
        write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
        return 0;
}

int write_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *returnsha1)
{
        int size;
        unsigned char *compressed;
        z_stream stream;
        unsigned char sha1[20];
        char *filename;
        static char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
        unsigned char hdr[50];
        int fd, hdrlen;

        /* Normally if we have it in the pack then we do not bother writing
         * it out into .git/objects/??/?{38} file.
         */
        write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
        filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
        if (returnsha1)
                hashcpy(returnsha1, sha1);
        if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
                return 0;
        fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd >= 0) {
                /*
                 * FIXME!!! We might do collision checking here, but we'd
                 * need to uncompress the old file and check it. Later.
                 */
                close(fd);
                return 0;
        }

        if (errno != ENOENT) {
                return error("sha1 file %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
        }

        snprintf(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), "%s/obj_XXXXXX", get_object_directory());

        fd = mkstemp(tmpfile);
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (errno == EPERM)
                        return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s\n", get_object_directory());
                else
                        return error("unable to create temporary sha1 filename %s: %s\n", tmpfile, strerror(errno));
        }

        /* Set it up */
        memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
        deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
        size = 8 + deflateBound(&stream, len+hdrlen);
        compressed = xmalloc(size);

        /* Compress it */
        stream.next_out = compressed;
        stream.avail_out = size;

        /* First header.. */
        stream.next_in = hdr;
        stream.avail_in = hdrlen;
        setup_object_header(&stream, type, len);

        /* Then the data itself.. */
        stream.next_in = buf;
        stream.avail_in = len;
        while (deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
                /* nothing */;
        deflateEnd(&stream);
        size = stream.total_out;

        if (write_buffer(fd, compressed, size) < 0)
                die("unable to write sha1 file");
        fchmod(fd, 0444);
        close(fd);
        free(compressed);

        return move_temp_to_file(tmpfile, filename);
}

/*
 * We need to unpack and recompress the object for writing
 * it out to a different file.
 */
static void *repack_object(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *objsize)
{
        size_t size;
        z_stream stream;
        unsigned char *unpacked;
        unsigned long len;
        char type[20];
        char hdr[50];
        int hdrlen;
        void *buf;

        /* need to unpack and recompress it by itself */
        unpacked = read_packed_sha1(sha1, type, &len);

        hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", type, len) + 1;

        /* Set it up */
        memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
        deflateInit(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
        size = deflateBound(&stream, len + hdrlen);
        buf = xmalloc(size);

        /* Compress it */
        stream.next_out = buf;
        stream.avail_out = size;

        /* First header.. */
        stream.next_in = (void *)hdr;
        stream.avail_in = hdrlen;
        while (deflate(&stream, 0) == Z_OK)
                /* nothing */;

        /* Then the data itself.. */
        stream.next_in = unpacked;
        stream.avail_in = len;
        while (deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH) == Z_OK)
                /* nothing */;
        deflateEnd(&stream);
        free(unpacked);

        *objsize = stream.total_out;
        return buf;
}

int write_sha1_to_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        int retval;
        unsigned long objsize;
        void *buf = map_sha1_file(sha1, &objsize);

        if (buf) {
                retval = write_buffer(fd, buf, objsize);
                munmap(buf, objsize);
                return retval;
        }

        buf = repack_object(sha1, &objsize);
        retval = write_buffer(fd, buf, objsize);
        free(buf);
        return retval;
}

int write_sha1_from_fd(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, char *buffer,
                       size_t bufsize, size_t *bufposn)
{
        char tmpfile[PATH_MAX];
        int local;
        z_stream stream;
        unsigned char real_sha1[20];
        unsigned char discard[4096];
        int ret;
        SHA_CTX c;

        snprintf(tmpfile, sizeof(tmpfile), "%s/obj_XXXXXX", get_object_directory());

        local = mkstemp(tmpfile);
        if (local < 0) {
                if (errno == EPERM)
                        return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s\n", get_object_directory());
                else
                        return error("unable to create temporary sha1 filename %s: %s\n", tmpfile, strerror(errno));
        }

        memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));

        inflateInit(&stream);

        SHA1_Init(&c);

        do {
                ssize_t size;
                if (*bufposn) {
                        stream.avail_in = *bufposn;
                        stream.next_in = (unsigned char *) buffer;
                        do {
                                stream.next_out = discard;
                                stream.avail_out = sizeof(discard);
                                ret = inflate(&stream, Z_SYNC_FLUSH);
                                SHA1_Update(&c, discard, sizeof(discard) -
                                            stream.avail_out);
                        } while (stream.avail_in && ret == Z_OK);
                        if (write_buffer(local, buffer, *bufposn - stream.avail_in) < 0)
                                die("unable to write sha1 file");
                        memmove(buffer, buffer + *bufposn - stream.avail_in,
                                stream.avail_in);
                        *bufposn = stream.avail_in;
                        if (ret != Z_OK)
                                break;
                }
                size = read(fd, buffer + *bufposn, bufsize - *bufposn);
                if (size <= 0) {
                        close(local);
                        unlink(tmpfile);
                        if (!size)
                                return error("Connection closed?");
                        perror("Reading from connection");
                        return -1;
                }
                *bufposn += size;
        } while (1);
        inflateEnd(&stream);

        close(local);
        SHA1_Final(real_sha1, &c);
        if (ret != Z_STREAM_END) {
                unlink(tmpfile);
                return error("File %s corrupted", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
        }
        if (hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1)) {
                unlink(tmpfile);
                return error("File %s has bad hash", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
        }

        return move_temp_to_file(tmpfile, sha1_file_name(sha1));
}

int has_pack_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        struct stat st;
        if (stat(sha1_pack_index_name(sha1), &st))
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

int has_pack_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        struct stat st;
        if (stat(sha1_pack_name(sha1), &st))
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

int has_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1, const char **ignore_packed)
{
        struct pack_entry e;
        return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, ignore_packed);
}

int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
        struct stat st;
        struct pack_entry e;

        if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e, NULL))
                return 1;
        return find_sha1_file(sha1, &st) ? 1 : 0;
}

/*
 * reads from fd as long as possible into a supplied buffer of size bytes.
 * If necessary the buffer's size is increased using realloc()
 *
 * returns 0 if anything went fine and -1 otherwise
 *
 * NOTE: both buf and size may change, but even when -1 is returned
 * you still have to free() it yourself.
 */
int read_pipe(int fd, char** return_buf, unsigned long* return_size)
{
        char* buf = *return_buf;
        unsigned long size = *return_size;
        int iret;
        unsigned long off = 0;

        do {
                iret = xread(fd, buf + off, size - off);
                if (iret > 0) {
                        off += iret;
                        if (off == size) {
                                size *= 2;
                                buf = xrealloc(buf, size);
                        }
                }
        } while (iret > 0);

        *return_buf = buf;
        *return_size = off;

        if (iret < 0)
                return -1;
        return 0;
}

int index_pipe(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, const char *type, int write_object)
{
        unsigned long size = 4096;
        char *buf = xmalloc(size);
        int ret;

        if (read_pipe(fd, &buf, &size)) {
                free(buf);
                return -1;
        }

        if (!type)
                type = blob_type;
        if (write_object)
                ret = write_sha1_file(buf, size, type, sha1);
        else
                ret = hash_sha1_file(buf, size, type, sha1);
        free(buf);
        return ret;
}

int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, int write_object, const char *type)
{
        unsigned long size = st->st_size;
        void *buf;
        int ret;

        buf = "";
        if (size)
                buf = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
        close(fd);
        if (buf == MAP_FAILED)
                return -1;

        if (!type)
                type = blob_type;
        if (write_object)
                ret = write_sha1_file(buf, size, type, sha1);
        else
                ret = hash_sha1_file(buf, size, type, sha1);
        if (size)
                munmap(buf, size);
        return ret;
}

int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, int write_object)
{
        int fd;
        char *target;

        switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
        case S_IFREG:
                fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
                if (fd < 0)
                        return error("open(\"%s\"): %s", path,
                                     strerror(errno));
                if (index_fd(sha1, fd, st, write_object, NULL) < 0)
                        return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
                                     path);
                break;
        case S_IFLNK:
                target = xmalloc(st->st_size+1);
                if (readlink(path, target, st->st_size+1) != st->st_size) {
                        char *errstr = strerror(errno);
                        free(target);
                        return error("readlink(\"%s\"): %s", path,
                                     errstr);
                }
                if (!write_object)
                        hash_sha1_file(target, st->st_size, blob_type, sha1);
                else if (write_sha1_file(target, st->st_size, blob_type, sha1))
                        return error("%s: failed to insert into database",
                                     path);
                free(target);
                break;
        default:
                return error("%s: unsupported file type", path);
        }
        return 0;
}