gitcvs-migration.html

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 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 gitcvs-migration(7) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>gitcvs-migration -
 743    Git for CVS users
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git cvsimport</em> *</pre>
 753 <div class="attribution">
 754 </div></div>
 755 </div>
 756 </div>
 757 <div class="sect1">
 758 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 759 <div class="sectionbody">
 760 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git differs from CVS in that every working tree contains a repository with
 761 a full copy of the project history, and no repository is inherently more
 762 important than any other.  However, you can emulate the CVS model by
 763 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
 764 this document explains how to do that.</p></div>
 765 <div class="paragraph"><p>Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
 766 <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> and
 767 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a> should be sufficient.</p></div>
 768 </div>
 769 </div>
 770 <div class="sect1">
 771 <h2 id="_developing_against_a_shared_repository">Developing against a shared repository</h2>
 772 <div class="sectionbody">
 773 <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose a shared repository is set up in /pub/repo.git on the host
 774 foo.com.  Then as an individual committer you can clone the shared
 775 repository over ssh with:</p></div>
 776 <div class="listingblock">
 777 <div class="content">
 778 <pre><code>$ git clone foo.com:/pub/repo.git/ my-project
 779 $ cd my-project</code></pre>
 780 </div></div>
 781 <div class="paragraph"><p>and hack away.  The equivalent of <em>cvs update</em> is</p></div>
 782 <div class="listingblock">
 783 <div class="content">
 784 <pre><code>$ git pull origin</code></pre>
 785 </div></div>
 786 <div class="paragraph"><p>which merges in any work that others might have done since the clone
 787 operation.  If there are uncommitted changes in your working tree, commit
 788 them first before running git pull.</p></div>
 789 <div class="admonitionblock">
 790 <table><tr>
 791 <td class="icon">
 792 <div class="title">Note</div>
 793 </td>
 794 <td class="content">
 795 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>pull</em> command knows where to get updates from because of certain
 796 configuration variables that were set by the first <em>git clone</em>
 797 command; see <code>git config -l</code> and the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> man
 798 page for details.</p></div>
 799 </td>
 800 </tr></table>
 801 </div>
 802 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can update the shared repository with your changes by first committing
 803 your changes, and then using the <em>git push</em> command:</p></div>
 804 <div class="listingblock">
 805 <div class="content">
 806 <pre><code>$ git push origin master</code></pre>
 807 </div></div>
 808 <div class="paragraph"><p>to "push" those commits to the shared repository.  If someone else has
 809 updated the repository more recently, <em>git push</em>, like <em>cvs commit</em>, will
 810 complain, in which case you must pull any changes before attempting the
 811 push again.</p></div>
 812 <div class="paragraph"><p>In the <em>git push</em> command above we specify the name of the remote branch
 813 to update (<code>master</code>).  If we leave that out, <em>git push</em> tries to update
 814 any branches in the remote repository that have the same name as a branch
 815 in the local repository.  So the last <em>push</em> can be done with either of:</p></div>
 816 <div class="listingblock">
 817 <div class="content">
 818 <pre><code>$ git push origin
 819 $ git push foo.com:/pub/project.git/</code></pre>
 820 </div></div>
 821 <div class="paragraph"><p>as long as the shared repository does not have any branches
 822 other than <code>master</code>.</p></div>
 823 </div>
 824 </div>
 825 <div class="sect1">
 826 <h2 id="_setting_up_a_shared_repository">Setting Up a Shared Repository</h2>
 827 <div class="sectionbody">
 828 <div class="paragraph"><p>We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
 829 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
 830 <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>), or imported from an already existing CVS
 831 repository (see the next section).</p></div>
 832 <div class="paragraph"><p>Assume your existing repo is at /home/alice/myproject.  Create a new "bare"
 833 repository (a repository without a working tree) and fetch your project into
 834 it:</p></div>
 835 <div class="listingblock">
 836 <div class="content">
 837 <pre><code>$ mkdir /pub/my-repo.git
 838 $ cd /pub/my-repo.git
 839 $ git --bare init --shared
 840 $ git --bare fetch /home/alice/myproject master:master</code></pre>
 841 </div></div>
 842 <div class="paragraph"><p>Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository.  One
 843 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
 844 machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don&#8217;t want to give them a
 845 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
 846 users to do Git pushes and pulls; see <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>.</p></div>
 847 <div class="paragraph"><p>Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
 848 writable by that group:</p></div>
 849 <div class="listingblock">
 850 <div class="content">
 851 <pre><code>$ chgrp -R $group /pub/my-repo.git</code></pre>
 852 </div></div>
 853 <div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure committers have a umask of at most 027, so that the directories
 854 they create are writable and searchable by other group members.</p></div>
 855 </div>
 856 </div>
 857 <div class="sect1">
 858 <h2 id="_importing_a_cvs_archive">Importing a CVS archive</h2>
 859 <div class="sectionbody">
 860 <div class="admonitionblock">
 861 <table><tr>
 862 <td class="icon">
 863 <div class="title">Note</div>
 864 </td>
 865 <td class="content">These instructions use the <code>git-cvsimport</code> script which ships with
 866 git, but other importers may provide better results. See the note in
 867 <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a> for other options.</td>
 868 </tr></table>
 869 </div>
 870 <div class="paragraph"><p>First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
 871 <a href="https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps">https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps</a> and make
 872 sure it is in your path.  Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
 873 of the project you are interested in and run <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a>:</p></div>
 874 <div class="listingblock">
 875 <div class="content">
 876 <pre><code>$ git cvsimport -C &lt;destination&gt; &lt;module&gt;</code></pre>
 877 </div></div>
 878 <div class="paragraph"><p>This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
 879 &lt;destination&gt;, which will be created if necessary.</p></div>
 880 <div class="paragraph"><p>The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
 881 cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
 882 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
 883 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.</p></div>
 884 <div class="paragraph"><p>The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named <code>origin</code>, and additional
 885 CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
 886 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the <code>master</code>
 887 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.</p></div>
 888 <div class="paragraph"><p>The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will
 889 fetch any CVS updates that have been made in the meantime.  For this to
 890 work, you must not modify the imported branches; instead, create new
 891 branches for your own changes, and merge in the imported branches as
 892 necessary.</p></div>
 893 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want a shared repository, you will need to make a bare clone
 894 of the imported directory, as described above. Then treat the imported
 895 directory as another development clone for purposes of merging
 896 incremental imports.</p></div>
 897 </div>
 898 </div>
 899 <div class="sect1">
 900 <h2 id="_advanced_shared_repository_management">Advanced Shared Repository Management</h2>
 901 <div class="sectionbody">
 902 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git allows you to specify scripts called "hooks" to be run at certain
 903 points.  You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
 904 repository to a mailing list.  See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>.</p></div>
 905 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
 906 <a href="howto/update-hook-example.html">Controlling access to branches using
 907 update hooks</a>.</p></div>
 908 </div>
 909 </div>
 910 <div class="sect1">
 911 <h2 id="_providing_cvs_access_to_a_git_repository">Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository</h2>
 912 <div class="sectionbody">
 913 <div class="paragraph"><p>It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
 914 that developers can still use CVS; see <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a> for
 915 details.</p></div>
 916 </div>
 917 </div>
 918 <div class="sect1">
 919 <h2 id="_alternative_development_models">Alternative Development Models</h2>
 920 <div class="sectionbody">
 921 <div class="paragraph"><p>CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
 922 a common repository.  As we&#8217;ve seen, this is also possible with Git.
 923 However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
 924 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
 925 fit for your project.</p></div>
 926 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project&#8217;s
 927 primary public repository.  Other developers then clone this repository
 928 and each work in their own clone.  When they have a series of changes that
 929 they&#8217;re happy with, they ask the maintainer to pull from the branch
 930 containing the changes.  The maintainer reviews their changes and pulls
 931 them into the primary repository, which other developers pull from as
 932 necessary to stay coordinated.  The Linux kernel and other projects use
 933 variants of this model.</p></div>
 934 <div class="paragraph"><p>With a small group, developers may just pull changes from each other&#8217;s
 935 repositories without the need for a central maintainer.</p></div>
 936 </div>
 937 </div>
 938 <div class="sect1">
 939 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 940 <div class="sectionbody">
 941 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>,
 942 <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>,
 943 <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>,
 944 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>,
 945 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>,
 946 <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a></p></div>
 947 </div>
 948 </div>
 949 <div class="sect1">
 950 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 951 <div class="sectionbody">
 952 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 953 </div>
 954 </div>
 955 </div>
 956 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 957 <div id="footer">
 958 <div id="footer-text">
 959 Last updated
 960  2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
 961 </div>
 962 </div>
 963 </body>
 964 </html>