git.html

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
   3     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
   4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
   5 <head>
   6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
   7 <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
   8 <title>git(1)</title>
   9 <style type="text/css">
  10 /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
  11
  12 /* Default font. */
  13 body {
  14   font-family: Georgia,serif;
  15 }
  16
  17 /* Title font. */
  18 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
  19 div.title, caption.title,
  20 thead, p.table.header,
  21 #toctitle,
  22 #author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
  23 #footer {
  24   font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
  25 }
  26
  27 body {
  28   margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
  29 }
  30
  31 a {
  32   color: blue;
  33   text-decoration: underline;
  34 }
  35 a:visited {
  36   color: fuchsia;
  37 }
  38
  39 em {
  40   font-style: italic;
  41   color: navy;
  42 }
  43
  44 strong {
  45   font-weight: bold;
  46   color: #083194;
  47 }
  48
  49 h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  50   color: #527bbd;
  51   margin-top: 1.2em;
  52   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  53   line-height: 1.3;
  54 }
  55
  56 h1, h2, h3 {
  57   border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
  58 }
  59 h2 {
  60   padding-top: 0.5em;
  61 }
  62 h3 {
  63   float: left;
  64 }
  65 h3 + * {
  66   clear: left;
  67 }
  68 h5 {
  69   font-size: 1.0em;
  70 }
  71
  72 div.sectionbody {
  73   margin-left: 0;
  74 }
  75
  76 hr {
  77   border: 1px solid silver;
  78 }
  79
  80 p {
  81   margin-top: 0.5em;
  82   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  83 }
  84
  85 ul, ol, li > p {
  86   margin-top: 0;
  87 }
  88 ul > li     { color: #aaa; }
  89 ul > li > * { color: black; }
  90
  91 .monospaced, code, pre {
  92   font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
  93   font-size: inherit;
  94   color: navy;
  95   padding: 0;
  96   margin: 0;
  97 }
  98 pre {
  99   white-space: pre-wrap;
 100 }
 101
 102 #author {
 103   color: #527bbd;
 104   font-weight: bold;
 105   font-size: 1.1em;
 106 }
 107 #email {
 108 }
 109 #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
 110 }
 111
 112 #footer {
 113   font-size: small;
 114   border-top: 2px solid silver;
 115   padding-top: 0.5em;
 116   margin-top: 4.0em;
 117 }
 118 #footer-text {
 119   float: left;
 120   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 121 }
 122 #footer-badges {
 123   float: right;
 124   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 125 }
 126
 127 #preamble {
 128   margin-top: 1.5em;
 129   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 130 }
 131 div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
 132 div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
 133 div.admonitionblock {
 134   margin-top: 1.0em;
 135   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 136 }
 137 div.admonitionblock {
 138   margin-top: 2.0em;
 139   margin-bottom: 2.0em;
 140   margin-right: 10%;
 141   color: #606060;
 142 }
 143
 144 div.content { /* Block element content. */
 145   padding: 0;
 146 }
 147
 148 /* Block element titles. */
 149 div.title, caption.title {
 150   color: #527bbd;
 151   font-weight: bold;
 152   text-align: left;
 153   margin-top: 1.0em;
 154   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
 155 }
 156 div.title + * {
 157   margin-top: 0;
 158 }
 159
 160 td div.title:first-child {
 161   margin-top: 0.0em;
 162 }
 163 div.content div.title:first-child {
 164   margin-top: 0.0em;
 165 }
 166 div.content + div.title {
 167   margin-top: 0.0em;
 168 }
 169
 170 div.sidebarblock > div.content {
 171   background: #ffffee;
 172   border: 1px solid #dddddd;
 173   border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
 174   padding: 0.5em;
 175 }
 176
 177 div.listingblock > div.content {
 178   border: 1px solid #dddddd;
 179   border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
 180   background: #f8f8f8;
 181   padding: 0.5em;
 182 }
 183
 184 div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
 185   padding-left: 1.0em;
 186   margin-left: 1.0em;
 187   margin-right: 10%;
 188   border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
 189   color: #888;
 190 }
 191
 192 div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
 193   padding-top: 0.5em;
 194   text-align: right;
 195 }
 196
 197 div.verseblock > pre.content {
 198   font-family: inherit;
 199   font-size: inherit;
 200 }
 201 div.verseblock > div.attribution {
 202   padding-top: 0.75em;
 203   text-align: left;
 204 }
 205 /* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
 206 div.verseblock + div.attribution {
 207   text-align: left;
 208 }
 209
 210 div.admonitionblock .icon {
 211   vertical-align: top;
 212   font-size: 1.1em;
 213   font-weight: bold;
 214   text-decoration: underline;
 215   color: #527bbd;
 216   padding-right: 0.5em;
 217 }
 218 div.admonitionblock td.content {
 219   padding-left: 0.5em;
 220   border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
 221 }
 222
 223 div.exampleblock > div.content {
 224   border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
 225   padding-left: 0.5em;
 226 }
 227
 228 div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
 229 span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
 230 a.image:visited { color: white; }
 231
 232 dl {
 233   margin-top: 0.8em;
 234   margin-bottom: 0.8em;
 235 }
 236 dt {
 237   margin-top: 0.5em;
 238   margin-bottom: 0;
 239   font-style: normal;
 240   color: navy;
 241 }
 242 dd > *:first-child {
 243   margin-top: 0.1em;
 244 }
 245
 246 ul, ol {
 247     list-style-position: outside;
 248 }
 249 ol.arabic {
 250   list-style-type: decimal;
 251 }
 252 ol.loweralpha {
 253   list-style-type: lower-alpha;
 254 }
 255 ol.upperalpha {
 256   list-style-type: upper-alpha;
 257 }
 258 ol.lowerroman {
 259   list-style-type: lower-roman;
 260 }
 261 ol.upperroman {
 262   list-style-type: upper-roman;
 263 }
 264
 265 div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
 266 div.compact p, div.compact p,
 267 div.compact div, div.compact div {
 268   margin-top: 0.1em;
 269   margin-bottom: 0.1em;
 270 }
 271
 272 tfoot {
 273   font-weight: bold;
 274 }
 275 td > div.verse {
 276   white-space: pre;
 277 }
 278
 279 div.hdlist {
 280   margin-top: 0.8em;
 281   margin-bottom: 0.8em;
 282 }
 283 div.hdlist tr {
 284   padding-bottom: 15px;
 285 }
 286 dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
 287   font-weight: bold;
 288 }
 289 td.hdlist1 {
 290   vertical-align: top;
 291   font-style: normal;
 292   padding-right: 0.8em;
 293   color: navy;
 294 }
 295 td.hdlist2 {
 296   vertical-align: top;
 297 }
 298 div.hdlist.compact tr {
 299   margin: 0;
 300   padding-bottom: 0;
 301 }
 302
 303 .comment {
 304   background: yellow;
 305 }
 306
 307 .footnote, .footnoteref {
 308   font-size: 0.8em;
 309 }
 310
 311 span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
 312   vertical-align: super;
 313 }
 314
 315 #footnotes {
 316   margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
 317   padding: 7px 0 0 0;
 318 }
 319
 320 #footnotes div.footnote {
 321   margin: 0 0 5px 0;
 322 }
 323
 324 #footnotes hr {
 325   border: none;
 326   border-top: 1px solid silver;
 327   height: 1px;
 328   text-align: left;
 329   margin-left: 0;
 330   width: 20%;
 331   min-width: 100px;
 332 }
 333
 334 div.colist td {
 335   padding-right: 0.5em;
 336   padding-bottom: 0.3em;
 337   vertical-align: top;
 338 }
 339 div.colist td img {
 340   margin-top: 0.3em;
 341 }
 342
 343 @media print {
 344   #footer-badges { display: none; }
 345 }
 346
 347 #toc {
 348   margin-bottom: 2.5em;
 349 }
 350
 351 #toctitle {
 352   color: #527bbd;
 353   font-size: 1.1em;
 354   font-weight: bold;
 355   margin-top: 1.0em;
 356   margin-bottom: 0.1em;
 357 }
 358
 359 div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
 360   margin-top: 0;
 361   margin-bottom: 0;
 362 }
 363 div.toclevel2 {
 364   margin-left: 2em;
 365   font-size: 0.9em;
 366 }
 367 div.toclevel3 {
 368   margin-left: 4em;
 369   font-size: 0.9em;
 370 }
 371 div.toclevel4 {
 372   margin-left: 6em;
 373   font-size: 0.9em;
 374 }
 375
 376 span.aqua { color: aqua; }
 377 span.black { color: black; }
 378 span.blue { color: blue; }
 379 span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
 380 span.gray { color: gray; }
 381 span.green { color: green; }
 382 span.lime { color: lime; }
 383 span.maroon { color: maroon; }
 384 span.navy { color: navy; }
 385 span.olive { color: olive; }
 386 span.purple { color: purple; }
 387 span.red { color: red; }
 388 span.silver { color: silver; }
 389 span.teal { color: teal; }
 390 span.white { color: white; }
 391 span.yellow { color: yellow; }
 392
 393 span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
 394 span.black-background { background: black; }
 395 span.blue-background { background: blue; }
 396 span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
 397 span.gray-background { background: gray; }
 398 span.green-background { background: green; }
 399 span.lime-background { background: lime; }
 400 span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
 401 span.navy-background { background: navy; }
 402 span.olive-background { background: olive; }
 403 span.purple-background { background: purple; }
 404 span.red-background { background: red; }
 405 span.silver-background { background: silver; }
 406 span.teal-background { background: teal; }
 407 span.white-background { background: white; }
 408 span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
 409
 410 span.big { font-size: 2em; }
 411 span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
 412
 413 span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
 414 span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
 415 span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
 416
 417 div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
 418
 419
 420 /*
 421  * xhtml11 specific
 422  *
 423  * */
 424
 425 div.tableblock {
 426   margin-top: 1.0em;
 427   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 428 }
 429 div.tableblock > table {
 430   border: 3px solid #527bbd;
 431 }
 432 thead, p.table.header {
 433   font-weight: bold;
 434   color: #527bbd;
 435 }
 436 p.table {
 437   margin-top: 0;
 438 }
 439 /* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
 440 div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
 441   border-style: none;
 442 }
 443 div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
 444   border-left-style: none;
 445   border-right-style: none;
 446 }
 447 div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
 448   border-top-style: none;
 449   border-bottom-style: none;
 450 }
 451
 452
 453 /*
 454  * html5 specific
 455  *
 456  * */
 457
 458 table.tableblock {
 459   margin-top: 1.0em;
 460   margin-bottom: 1.5em;
 461 }
 462 thead, p.tableblock.header {
 463   font-weight: bold;
 464   color: #527bbd;
 465 }
 466 p.tableblock {
 467   margin-top: 0;
 468 }
 469 table.tableblock {
 470   border-width: 3px;
 471   border-spacing: 0px;
 472   border-style: solid;
 473   border-color: #527bbd;
 474   border-collapse: collapse;
 475 }
 476 th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
 477   border-width: 1px;
 478   padding: 4px;
 479   border-style: solid;
 480   border-color: #527bbd;
 481 }
 482
 483 table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
 484   border-left-style: hidden;
 485   border-right-style: hidden;
 486 }
 487 table.tableblock.frame-sides {
 488   border-top-style: hidden;
 489   border-bottom-style: hidden;
 490 }
 491 table.tableblock.frame-none {
 492   border-style: hidden;
 493 }
 494
 495 th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
 496   text-align: left;
 497 }
 498 th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
 499   text-align: center;
 500 }
 501 th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
 502   text-align: right;
 503 }
 504
 505 th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
 506   vertical-align: top;
 507 }
 508 th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
 509   vertical-align: middle;
 510 }
 511 th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
 512   vertical-align: bottom;
 513 }
 514
 515
 516 /*
 517  * manpage specific
 518  *
 519  * */
 520
 521 body.manpage h1 {
 522   padding-top: 0.5em;
 523   padding-bottom: 0.5em;
 524   border-top: 2px solid silver;
 525   border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
 526 }
 527 body.manpage h2 {
 528   border-style: none;
 529 }
 530 body.manpage div.sectionbody {
 531   margin-left: 3em;
 532 }
 533
 534 @media print {
 535   body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
 536 }
 537
 538
 539 </style>
 540 <script type="text/javascript">
 541 /*<![CDATA[*/
 542 var asciidoc = {  // Namespace.
 543
 544 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 545 // Table Of Contents generator
 546 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 547
 548 /* Author: Mihai Bazon, September 2002
 549  * http://students.infoiasi.ro/~mishoo
 550  *
 551  * Table Of Content generator
 552  * Version: 0.4
 553  *
 554  * Feel free to use this script under the terms of the GNU General Public
 555  * License, as long as you do not remove or alter this notice.
 556  */
 557
 558  /* modified by Troy D. Hanson, September 2006. License: GPL */
 559  /* modified by Stuart Rackham, 2006, 2009. License: GPL */
 560
 561 // toclevels = 1..4.
 562 toc: function (toclevels) {
 563
 564   function getText(el) {
 565     var text = "";
 566     for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
 567       if (i.nodeType == 3 /* Node.TEXT_NODE */) // IE doesn't speak constants.
 568         text += i.data;
 569       else if (i.firstChild != null)
 570         text += getText(i);
 571     }
 572     return text;
 573   }
 574
 575   function TocEntry(el, text, toclevel) {
 576     this.element = el;
 577     this.text = text;
 578     this.toclevel = toclevel;
 579   }
 580
 581   function tocEntries(el, toclevels) {
 582     var result = new Array;
 583     var re = new RegExp('[hH]([1-'+(toclevels+1)+'])');
 584     // Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
 585     // nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
 586     // browsers).
 587     var iterate = function (el) {
 588       for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
 589         if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
 590           var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
 591           if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
 592             result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
 593           }
 594           iterate(i);
 595         }
 596       }
 597     }
 598     iterate(el);
 599     return result;
 600   }
 601
 602   var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
 603   if (!toc) {
 604     return;
 605   }
 606
 607   // Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
 608   var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
 609   var i;
 610   for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
 611     var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
 612     if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
 613      && entry.getAttribute("class")
 614      && entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
 615       tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
 616   }
 617   for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 618     toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
 619   }
 620
 621   // Rebuild TOC entries.
 622   var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
 623   for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
 624     var entry = entries[i];
 625     if (entry.element.id == "")
 626       entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
 627     var a = document.createElement("a");
 628     a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
 629     a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(entry.text));
 630     var div = document.createElement("div");
 631     div.appendChild(a);
 632     div.className = "toclevel" + entry.toclevel;
 633     toc.appendChild(div);
 634   }
 635   if (entries.length == 0)
 636     toc.parentNode.removeChild(toc);
 637 },
 638
 639
 640 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 641 // Footnotes generator
 642 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 643
 644 /* Based on footnote generation code from:
 645  * http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
 646  */
 647
 648 footnotes: function () {
 649   // Delete existing footnote entries in case we're reloading the footnodes.
 650   var i;
 651   var noteholder = document.getElementById("footnotes");
 652   if (!noteholder) {
 653     return;
 654   }
 655   var entriesToRemove = [];
 656   for (i = 0; i < noteholder.childNodes.length; i++) {
 657     var entry = noteholder.childNodes[i];
 658     if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div' && entry.getAttribute("class") == "footnote")
 659       entriesToRemove.push(entry);
 660   }
 661   for (i = 0; i < entriesToRemove.length; i++) {
 662     noteholder.removeChild(entriesToRemove[i]);
 663   }
 664
 665   // Rebuild footnote entries.
 666   var cont = document.getElementById("content");
 667   var spans = cont.getElementsByTagName("span");
 668   var refs = {};
 669   var n = 0;
 670   for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
 671     if (spans[i].className == "footnote") {
 672       n++;
 673       var note = spans[i].getAttribute("data-note");
 674       if (!note) {
 675         // Use [\s\S] in place of . so multi-line matches work.
 676         // Because JavaScript has no s (dotall) regex flag.
 677         note = spans[i].innerHTML.match(/\s*\[([\s\S]*)]\s*/)[1];
 678         spans[i].innerHTML =
 679           "[<a id='_footnoteref_" + n + "' href='#_footnote_" + n +
 680           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 681         spans[i].setAttribute("data-note", note);
 682       }
 683       noteholder.innerHTML +=
 684         "<div class='footnote' id='_footnote_" + n + "'>" +
 685         "<a href='#_footnoteref_" + n + "' title='Return to text'>" +
 686         n + "</a>. " + note + "</div>";
 687       var id =spans[i].getAttribute("id");
 688       if (id != null) refs["#"+id] = n;
 689     }
 690   }
 691   if (n == 0)
 692     noteholder.parentNode.removeChild(noteholder);
 693   else {
 694     // Process footnoterefs.
 695     for (i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {
 696       if (spans[i].className == "footnoteref") {
 697         var href = spans[i].getElementsByTagName("a")[0].getAttribute("href");
 698         href = href.match(/#.*/)[0];  // Because IE return full URL.
 699         n = refs[href];
 700         spans[i].innerHTML =
 701           "[<a href='#_footnote_" + n +
 702           "' title='View footnote' class='footnote'>" + n + "</a>]";
 703       }
 704     }
 705   }
 706 },
 707
 708 install: function(toclevels) {
 709   var timerId;
 710
 711   function reinstall() {
 712     asciidoc.footnotes();
 713     if (toclevels) {
 714       asciidoc.toc(toclevels);
 715     }
 716   }
 717
 718   function reinstallAndRemoveTimer() {
 719     clearInterval(timerId);
 720     reinstall();
 721   }
 722
 723   timerId = setInterval(reinstall, 500);
 724   if (document.addEventListener)
 725     document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", reinstallAndRemoveTimer, false);
 726   else
 727     window.onload = reinstallAndRemoveTimer;
 728 }
 729
 730 }
 731 asciidoc.install();
 732 /*]]>*/
 733 </script>
 734 </head>
 735 <body class="manpage">
 736 <div id="header">
 737 <h1>
 738 git(1) Manual Page
 739 </h1>
 740 <h2>NAME</h2>
 741 <div class="sectionbody">
 742 <p>git -
 743    the stupid content tracker
 744 </p>
 745 </div>
 746 </div>
 747 <div id="content">
 748 <div class="sect1">
 749 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 750 <div class="sectionbody">
 751 <div class="verseblock">
 752 <pre class="content"><em>git</em> [-v | --version] [-h | --help] [-C &lt;path&gt;] [-c &lt;name&gt;=&lt;value&gt;]
 753     [--exec-path[=&lt;path&gt;]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
 754     [-p|--paginate|-P|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
 755     [--git-dir=&lt;path&gt;] [--work-tree=&lt;path&gt;] [--namespace=&lt;name&gt;]
 756     [--config-env=&lt;name&gt;=&lt;envvar&gt;] &lt;command&gt; [&lt;args&gt;]</pre>
 757 <div class="attribution">
 758 </div></div>
 759 </div>
 760 </div>
 761 <div class="sect1">
 762 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 763 <div class="sectionbody">
 764 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
 765 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
 766 and full access to internals.</p></div>
 767 <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> to get started, then see
 768 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a> for a useful minimum set of
 769 commands.  The <a href="user-manual.html">Git User&#8217;s Manual</a> has a more
 770 in-depth introduction.</p></div>
 771 <div class="paragraph"><p>After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
 772 page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
 773 individual Git commands with "git help command".  <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a>
 774 manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.</p></div>
 775 <div class="paragraph"><p>A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation
 776 can be viewed at <a href="https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html">https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html</a>
 777 or <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs">https://git-scm.com/docs</a>.</p></div>
 778 </div>
 779 </div>
 780 <div class="sect1">
 781 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 782 <div class="sectionbody">
 783 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 784 <dt class="hdlist1">
 785 -v
 786 </dt>
 787 <dt class="hdlist1">
 788 --version
 789 </dt>
 790 <dd>
 791 <p>
 792         Prints the Git suite version that the <em>git</em> program came from.
 793 </p>
 794 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is internally converted to <code>git version ...</code> and accepts
 795 the same options as the <a href="git-version.html">git-version(1)</a> command. If <code>--help</code> is
 796 also given, it takes precedence over <code>--version</code>.</p></div>
 797 </dd>
 798 <dt class="hdlist1">
 799 -h
 800 </dt>
 801 <dt class="hdlist1">
 802 --help
 803 </dt>
 804 <dd>
 805 <p>
 806         Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 807         commands. If the option <code>--all</code> or <code>-a</code> is given then all
 808         available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 809         option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 810 </p>
 811 <div class="paragraph"><p>Other options are available to control how the manual page is
 812 displayed. See <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a> for more information,
 813 because <code>git --help ...</code> is converted internally into <code>git
 814 help ...</code>.</p></div>
 815 </dd>
 816 <dt class="hdlist1">
 817 -C &lt;path&gt;
 818 </dt>
 819 <dd>
 820 <p>
 821         Run as if git was started in <em>&lt;path&gt;</em> instead of the current working
 822         directory.  When multiple <code>-C</code> options are given, each subsequent
 823         non-absolute <code>-C &lt;path&gt;</code> is interpreted relative to the preceding <code>-C
 824         &lt;path&gt;</code>.  If <em>&lt;path&gt;</em> is present but empty, e.g. <code>-C ""</code>, then the
 825         current working directory is left unchanged.
 826 </p>
 827 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option affects options that expect path name like <code>--git-dir</code> and
 828 <code>--work-tree</code> in that their interpretations of the path names would be
 829 made relative to the working directory caused by the <code>-C</code> option. For
 830 example the following invocations are equivalent:</p></div>
 831 <div class="literalblock">
 832 <div class="content">
 833 <pre><code>git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
 834 git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status</code></pre>
 835 </div></div>
 836 </dd>
 837 <dt class="hdlist1">
 838 -c &lt;name&gt;=&lt;value&gt;
 839 </dt>
 840 <dd>
 841 <p>
 842         Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
 843         given will override values from configuration files.
 844         The &lt;name&gt; is expected in the same format as listed by
 845         <em>git config</em> (subkeys separated by dots).
 846 </p>
 847 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that omitting the <code>=</code> in <code>git -c foo.bar ...</code> is allowed and sets
 848 <code>foo.bar</code> to the boolean true value (just like <code>[foo]bar</code> would in a
 849 config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like <code>git -c
 850 foo.bar= ...</code>) sets <code>foo.bar</code> to the empty string which <code>git config
 851 --type=bool</code> will convert to <code>false</code>.</p></div>
 852 </dd>
 853 <dt class="hdlist1">
 854 --config-env=&lt;name&gt;=&lt;envvar&gt;
 855 </dt>
 856 <dd>
 857 <p>
 858         Like <code>-c &lt;name&gt;=&lt;value&gt;</code>, give configuration variable
 859         <em>&lt;name&gt;</em> a value, where &lt;envvar&gt; is the name of an
 860         environment variable from which to retrieve the value. Unlike
 861         <code>-c</code> there is no shortcut for directly setting the value to an
 862         empty string, instead the environment variable itself must be
 863         set to the empty string.  It is an error if the <code>&lt;envvar&gt;</code> does not exist
 864         in the environment. <code>&lt;envvar&gt;</code> may not contain an equals sign
 865         to avoid ambiguity with <code>&lt;name&gt;</code> containing one.
 866 </p>
 867 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is useful for cases where you want to pass transitory
 868 configuration options to git, but are doing so on OS&#8217;s where
 869 other processes might be able to read your cmdline
 870 (e.g. <code>/proc/self/cmdline</code>), but not your environ
 871 (e.g. <code>/proc/self/environ</code>). That behavior is the default on
 872 Linux, but may not be on your system.</p></div>
 873 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this might add security for variables such as
 874 <code>http.extraHeader</code> where the sensitive information is part of
 875 the value, but not e.g. <code>url.&lt;base&gt;.insteadOf</code> where the
 876 sensitive information can be part of the key.</p></div>
 877 </dd>
 878 <dt class="hdlist1">
 879 --exec-path[=&lt;path&gt;]
 880 </dt>
 881 <dd>
 882 <p>
 883         Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 884         This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 885         environment variable. If no path is given, <em>git</em> will print
 886         the current setting and then exit.
 887 </p>
 888 </dd>
 889 <dt class="hdlist1">
 890 --html-path
 891 </dt>
 892 <dd>
 893 <p>
 894         Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git&#8217;s HTML
 895         documentation is installed and exit.
 896 </p>
 897 </dd>
 898 <dt class="hdlist1">
 899 --man-path
 900 </dt>
 901 <dd>
 902 <p>
 903         Print the manpath (see <code>man(1)</code>) for the man pages for
 904         this version of Git and exit.
 905 </p>
 906 </dd>
 907 <dt class="hdlist1">
 908 --info-path
 909 </dt>
 910 <dd>
 911 <p>
 912         Print the path where the Info files documenting this
 913         version of Git are installed and exit.
 914 </p>
 915 </dd>
 916 <dt class="hdlist1">
 917 -p
 918 </dt>
 919 <dt class="hdlist1">
 920 --paginate
 921 </dt>
 922 <dd>
 923 <p>
 924         Pipe all output into <em>less</em> (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
 925         output is a terminal.  This overrides the <code>pager.&lt;cmd&gt;</code>
 926         configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
 927         below).
 928 </p>
 929 </dd>
 930 <dt class="hdlist1">
 931 -P
 932 </dt>
 933 <dt class="hdlist1">
 934 --no-pager
 935 </dt>
 936 <dd>
 937 <p>
 938         Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 939 </p>
 940 </dd>
 941 <dt class="hdlist1">
 942 --git-dir=&lt;path&gt;
 943 </dt>
 944 <dd>
 945 <p>
 946         Set the path to the repository (".git" directory). This can also be
 947         controlled by setting the <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable. It can be
 948         an absolute path or relative path to current working directory.
 949 </p>
 950 <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifying the location of the ".git" directory using this
 951 option (or <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable) turns off the
 952 repository discovery that tries to find a directory with
 953 ".git" subdirectory (which is how the repository and the
 954 top-level of the working tree are discovered), and tells Git
 955 that you are at the top level of the working tree.  If you
 956 are not at the top-level directory of the working tree, you
 957 should tell Git where the top-level of the working tree is,
 958 with the <code>--work-tree=&lt;path&gt;</code> option (or <code>GIT_WORK_TREE</code>
 959 environment variable)</p></div>
 960 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you just want to run git as if it was started in <code>&lt;path&gt;</code> then use
 961 <code>git -C &lt;path&gt;</code>.</p></div>
 962 </dd>
 963 <dt class="hdlist1">
 964 --work-tree=&lt;path&gt;
 965 </dt>
 966 <dd>
 967 <p>
 968         Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
 969         or a path relative to the current working directory.
 970         This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
 971         environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
 972         variable (see core.worktree in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for a
 973         more detailed discussion).
 974 </p>
 975 </dd>
 976 <dt class="hdlist1">
 977 --namespace=&lt;path&gt;
 978 </dt>
 979 <dd>
 980 <p>
 981         Set the Git namespace.  See <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for more
 982         details.  Equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> environment
 983         variable.
 984 </p>
 985 </dd>
 986 <dt class="hdlist1">
 987 --bare
 988 </dt>
 989 <dd>
 990 <p>
 991         Treat the repository as a bare repository.  If GIT_DIR
 992         environment is not set, it is set to the current working
 993         directory.
 994 </p>
 995 </dd>
 996 <dt class="hdlist1">
 997 --no-replace-objects
 998 </dt>
 999 <dd>
1000 <p>
1001         Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
1002         <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a> for more information.
1003 </p>
1004 </dd>
1005 <dt class="hdlist1">
1006 --literal-pathspecs
1007 </dt>
1008 <dd>
1009 <p>
1010         Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
1011         This is equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS</code> environment
1012         variable to <code>1</code>.
1013 </p>
1014 </dd>
1015 <dt class="hdlist1">
1016 --glob-pathspecs
1017 </dt>
1018 <dd>
1019 <p>
1020         Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
1021         the <code>GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>. Disabling
1022         globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
1023         magic ":(literal)"
1024 </p>
1025 </dd>
1026 <dt class="hdlist1">
1027 --noglob-pathspecs
1028 </dt>
1029 <dd>
1030 <p>
1031         Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
1032         the <code>GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>. Enabling
1033         globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
1034         magic ":(glob)"
1035 </p>
1036 </dd>
1037 <dt class="hdlist1">
1038 --icase-pathspecs
1039 </dt>
1040 <dd>
1041 <p>
1042         Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
1043         the <code>GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS</code> environment variable to <code>1</code>.
1044 </p>
1045 </dd>
1046 <dt class="hdlist1">
1047 --no-optional-locks
1048 </dt>
1049 <dd>
1050 <p>
1051         Do not perform optional operations that require locks. This is
1052         equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS</code> to <code>0</code>.
1053 </p>
1054 </dd>
1055 <dt class="hdlist1">
1056 --list-cmds=group[,group&#8230;]
1057 </dt>
1058 <dd>
1059 <p>
1060         List commands by group. This is an internal/experimental
1061         option and may change or be removed in the future. Supported
1062         groups are: builtins, parseopt (builtin commands that use
1063         parse-options), main (all commands in libexec directory),
1064         others (all other commands in <code>$PATH</code> that have git- prefix),
1065         list-&lt;category&gt; (see categories in command-list.txt),
1066         nohelpers (exclude helper commands), alias and config
1067         (retrieve command list from config variable completion.commands)
1068 </p>
1069 </dd>
1070 <dt class="hdlist1">
1071 --attr-source=&lt;tree-ish&gt;
1072 </dt>
1073 <dd>
1074 <p>
1075         Read gitattributes from &lt;tree-ish&gt; instead of the worktree. See
1076         <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>. This is equivalent to setting the
1077         <code>GIT_ATTR_SOURCE</code> environment variable.
1078 </p>
1079 </dd>
1080 </dl></div>
1081 </div>
1082 </div>
1083 <div class="sect1">
1084 <h2 id="_git_commands">GIT COMMANDS</h2>
1085 <div class="sectionbody">
1086 <div class="paragraph"><p>We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
1087 ("plumbing") commands.</p></div>
1088 </div>
1089 </div>
1090 <div class="sect1">
1091 <h2 id="_high_level_commands_porcelain">High-level commands (porcelain)</h2>
1092 <div class="sectionbody">
1093 <div class="paragraph"><p>We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
1094 ancillary user utilities.</p></div>
1095 <div class="sect2">
1096 <h3 id="_main_porcelain_commands">Main porcelain commands</h3>
1097 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1098 <dt class="hdlist1">
1099 <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>
1100 </dt>
1101 <dd>
1102 <p>
1103         Add file contents to the index.
1104 </p>
1105 </dd>
1106 <dt class="hdlist1">
1107 <a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a>
1108 </dt>
1109 <dd>
1110 <p>
1111         Apply a series of patches from a mailbox.
1112 </p>
1113 </dd>
1114 <dt class="hdlist1">
1115 <a href="git-archive.html">git-archive(1)</a>
1116 </dt>
1117 <dd>
1118 <p>
1119         Create an archive of files from a named tree.
1120 </p>
1121 </dd>
1122 <dt class="hdlist1">
1123 <a href="git-bisect.html">git-bisect(1)</a>
1124 </dt>
1125 <dd>
1126 <p>
1127         Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug.
1128 </p>
1129 </dd>
1130 <dt class="hdlist1">
1131 <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a>
1132 </dt>
1133 <dd>
1134 <p>
1135         List, create, or delete branches.
1136 </p>
1137 </dd>
1138 <dt class="hdlist1">
1139 <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>
1140 </dt>
1141 <dd>
1142 <p>
1143         Move objects and refs by archive.
1144 </p>
1145 </dd>
1146 <dt class="hdlist1">
1147 <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>
1148 </dt>
1149 <dd>
1150 <p>
1151         Switch branches or restore working tree files.
1152 </p>
1153 </dd>
1154 <dt class="hdlist1">
1155 <a href="git-cherry-pick.html">git-cherry-pick(1)</a>
1156 </dt>
1157 <dd>
1158 <p>
1159         Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits.
1160 </p>
1161 </dd>
1162 <dt class="hdlist1">
1163 <a href="git-citool.html">git-citool(1)</a>
1164 </dt>
1165 <dd>
1166 <p>
1167         Graphical alternative to git-commit.
1168 </p>
1169 </dd>
1170 <dt class="hdlist1">
1171 <a href="git-clean.html">git-clean(1)</a>
1172 </dt>
1173 <dd>
1174 <p>
1175         Remove untracked files from the working tree.
1176 </p>
1177 </dd>
1178 <dt class="hdlist1">
1179 <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>
1180 </dt>
1181 <dd>
1182 <p>
1183         Clone a repository into a new directory.
1184 </p>
1185 </dd>
1186 <dt class="hdlist1">
1187 <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>
1188 </dt>
1189 <dd>
1190 <p>
1191         Record changes to the repository.
1192 </p>
1193 </dd>
1194 <dt class="hdlist1">
1195 <a href="git-describe.html">git-describe(1)</a>
1196 </dt>
1197 <dd>
1198 <p>
1199         Give an object a human readable name based on an available ref.
1200 </p>
1201 </dd>
1202 <dt class="hdlist1">
1203 <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>
1204 </dt>
1205 <dd>
1206 <p>
1207         Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
1208 </p>
1209 </dd>
1210 <dt class="hdlist1">
1211 <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>
1212 </dt>
1213 <dd>
1214 <p>
1215         Download objects and refs from another repository.
1216 </p>
1217 </dd>
1218 <dt class="hdlist1">
1219 <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a>
1220 </dt>
1221 <dd>
1222 <p>
1223         Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
1224 </p>
1225 </dd>
1226 <dt class="hdlist1">
1227 <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>
1228 </dt>
1229 <dd>
1230 <p>
1231         Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository.
1232 </p>
1233 </dd>
1234 <dt class="hdlist1">
1235 <a href="git-grep.html">git-grep(1)</a>
1236 </dt>
1237 <dd>
1238 <p>
1239         Print lines matching a pattern.
1240 </p>
1241 </dd>
1242 <dt class="hdlist1">
1243 <a href="git-gui.html">git-gui(1)</a>
1244 </dt>
1245 <dd>
1246 <p>
1247         A portable graphical interface to Git.
1248 </p>
1249 </dd>
1250 <dt class="hdlist1">
1251 <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>
1252 </dt>
1253 <dd>
1254 <p>
1255         Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one.
1256 </p>
1257 </dd>
1258 <dt class="hdlist1">
1259 <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
1260 </dt>
1261 <dd>
1262 <p>
1263         Show commit logs.
1264 </p>
1265 </dd>
1266 <dt class="hdlist1">
1267 <a href="git-maintenance.html">git-maintenance(1)</a>
1268 </dt>
1269 <dd>
1270 <p>
1271         Run tasks to optimize Git repository data.
1272 </p>
1273 </dd>
1274 <dt class="hdlist1">
1275 <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>
1276 </dt>
1277 <dd>
1278 <p>
1279         Join two or more development histories together.
1280 </p>
1281 </dd>
1282 <dt class="hdlist1">
1283 <a href="git-mv.html">git-mv(1)</a>
1284 </dt>
1285 <dd>
1286 <p>
1287         Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink.
1288 </p>
1289 </dd>
1290 <dt class="hdlist1">
1291 <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>
1292 </dt>
1293 <dd>
1294 <p>
1295         Add or inspect object notes.
1296 </p>
1297 </dd>
1298 <dt class="hdlist1">
1299 <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a>
1300 </dt>
1301 <dd>
1302 <p>
1303         Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch.
1304 </p>
1305 </dd>
1306 <dt class="hdlist1">
1307 <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>
1308 </dt>
1309 <dd>
1310 <p>
1311         Update remote refs along with associated objects.
1312 </p>
1313 </dd>
1314 <dt class="hdlist1">
1315 <a href="git-range-diff.html">git-range-diff(1)</a>
1316 </dt>
1317 <dd>
1318 <p>
1319         Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch).
1320 </p>
1321 </dd>
1322 <dt class="hdlist1">
1323 <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a>
1324 </dt>
1325 <dd>
1326 <p>
1327         Reapply commits on top of another base tip.
1328 </p>
1329 </dd>
1330 <dt class="hdlist1">
1331 <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a>
1332 </dt>
1333 <dd>
1334 <p>
1335         Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
1336 </p>
1337 </dd>
1338 <dt class="hdlist1">
1339 <a href="git-restore.html">git-restore(1)</a>
1340 </dt>
1341 <dd>
1342 <p>
1343         Restore working tree files.
1344 </p>
1345 </dd>
1346 <dt class="hdlist1">
1347 <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a>
1348 </dt>
1349 <dd>
1350 <p>
1351         Revert some existing commits.
1352 </p>
1353 </dd>
1354 <dt class="hdlist1">
1355 <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>
1356 </dt>
1357 <dd>
1358 <p>
1359         Remove files from the working tree and from the index.
1360 </p>
1361 </dd>
1362 <dt class="hdlist1">
1363 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>
1364 </dt>
1365 <dd>
1366 <p>
1367         Summarize <em>git log</em> output.
1368 </p>
1369 </dd>
1370 <dt class="hdlist1">
1371 <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>
1372 </dt>
1373 <dd>
1374 <p>
1375         Show various types of objects.
1376 </p>
1377 </dd>
1378 <dt class="hdlist1">
1379 <a href="git-sparse-checkout.html">git-sparse-checkout(1)</a>
1380 </dt>
1381 <dd>
1382 <p>
1383         Reduce your working tree to a subset of tracked files.
1384 </p>
1385 </dd>
1386 <dt class="hdlist1">
1387 <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>
1388 </dt>
1389 <dd>
1390 <p>
1391         Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away.
1392 </p>
1393 </dd>
1394 <dt class="hdlist1">
1395 <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a>
1396 </dt>
1397 <dd>
1398 <p>
1399         Show the working tree status.
1400 </p>
1401 </dd>
1402 <dt class="hdlist1">
1403 <a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a>
1404 </dt>
1405 <dd>
1406 <p>
1407         Initialize, update or inspect submodules.
1408 </p>
1409 </dd>
1410 <dt class="hdlist1">
1411 <a href="git-switch.html">git-switch(1)</a>
1412 </dt>
1413 <dd>
1414 <p>
1415         Switch branches.
1416 </p>
1417 </dd>
1418 <dt class="hdlist1">
1419 <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a>
1420 </dt>
1421 <dd>
1422 <p>
1423         Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG.
1424 </p>
1425 </dd>
1426 <dt class="hdlist1">
1427 <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a>
1428 </dt>
1429 <dd>
1430 <p>
1431         Manage multiple working trees.
1432 </p>
1433 </dd>
1434 <dt class="hdlist1">
1435 <a href="gitk.html">gitk(1)</a>
1436 </dt>
1437 <dd>
1438 <p>
1439         The Git repository browser.
1440 </p>
1441 </dd>
1442 <dt class="hdlist1">
1443 <a href="scalar.html">scalar(1)</a>
1444 </dt>
1445 <dd>
1446 <p>
1447         A tool for managing large Git repositories.
1448 </p>
1449 </dd>
1450 </dl></div>
1451 </div>
1452 <div class="sect2">
1453 <h3 id="_ancillary_commands">Ancillary Commands</h3>
1454 <div class="paragraph"><p>Manipulators:</p></div>
1455 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1456 <dt class="hdlist1">
1457 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>
1458 </dt>
1459 <dd>
1460 <p>
1461         Get and set repository or global options.
1462 </p>
1463 </dd>
1464 <dt class="hdlist1">
1465 <a href="git-fast-export.html">git-fast-export(1)</a>
1466 </dt>
1467 <dd>
1468 <p>
1469         Git data exporter.
1470 </p>
1471 </dd>
1472 <dt class="hdlist1">
1473 <a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a>
1474 </dt>
1475 <dd>
1476 <p>
1477         Backend for fast Git data importers.
1478 </p>
1479 </dd>
1480 <dt class="hdlist1">
1481 <a href="git-filter-branch.html">git-filter-branch(1)</a>
1482 </dt>
1483 <dd>
1484 <p>
1485         Rewrite branches.
1486 </p>
1487 </dd>
1488 <dt class="hdlist1">
1489 <a href="git-mergetool.html">git-mergetool(1)</a>
1490 </dt>
1491 <dd>
1492 <p>
1493         Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts.
1494 </p>
1495 </dd>
1496 <dt class="hdlist1">
1497 <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>
1498 </dt>
1499 <dd>
1500 <p>
1501         Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access.
1502 </p>
1503 </dd>
1504 <dt class="hdlist1">
1505 <a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a>
1506 </dt>
1507 <dd>
1508 <p>
1509         Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.
1510 </p>
1511 </dd>
1512 <dt class="hdlist1">
1513 <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>
1514 </dt>
1515 <dd>
1516 <p>
1517         Manage reflog information.
1518 </p>
1519 </dd>
1520 <dt class="hdlist1">
1521 <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>
1522 </dt>
1523 <dd>
1524 <p>
1525         Manage set of tracked repositories.
1526 </p>
1527 </dd>
1528 <dt class="hdlist1">
1529 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>
1530 </dt>
1531 <dd>
1532 <p>
1533         Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
1534 </p>
1535 </dd>
1536 <dt class="hdlist1">
1537 <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a>
1538 </dt>
1539 <dd>
1540 <p>
1541         Create, list, delete refs to replace objects.
1542 </p>
1543 </dd>
1544 </dl></div>
1545 <div class="paragraph"><p>Interrogators:</p></div>
1546 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1547 <dt class="hdlist1">
1548 <a href="git-annotate.html">git-annotate(1)</a>
1549 </dt>
1550 <dd>
1551 <p>
1552         Annotate file lines with commit information.
1553 </p>
1554 </dd>
1555 <dt class="hdlist1">
1556 <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>
1557 </dt>
1558 <dd>
1559 <p>
1560         Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file.
1561 </p>
1562 </dd>
1563 <dt class="hdlist1">
1564 <a href="git-bugreport.html">git-bugreport(1)</a>
1565 </dt>
1566 <dd>
1567 <p>
1568         Collect information for user to file a bug report.
1569 </p>
1570 </dd>
1571 <dt class="hdlist1">
1572 <a href="git-count-objects.html">git-count-objects(1)</a>
1573 </dt>
1574 <dd>
1575 <p>
1576         Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
1577 </p>
1578 </dd>
1579 <dt class="hdlist1">
1580 <a href="git-diagnose.html">git-diagnose(1)</a>
1581 </dt>
1582 <dd>
1583 <p>
1584         Generate a zip archive of diagnostic information.
1585 </p>
1586 </dd>
1587 <dt class="hdlist1">
1588 <a href="git-difftool.html">git-difftool(1)</a>
1589 </dt>
1590 <dd>
1591 <p>
1592         Show changes using common diff tools.
1593 </p>
1594 </dd>
1595 <dt class="hdlist1">
1596 <a href="git-fsck.html">git-fsck(1)</a>
1597 </dt>
1598 <dd>
1599 <p>
1600         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.
1601 </p>
1602 </dd>
1603 <dt class="hdlist1">
1604 <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a>
1605 </dt>
1606 <dd>
1607 <p>
1608         Display help information about Git.
1609 </p>
1610 </dd>
1611 <dt class="hdlist1">
1612 <a href="git-instaweb.html">git-instaweb(1)</a>
1613 </dt>
1614 <dd>
1615 <p>
1616         Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.
1617 </p>
1618 </dd>
1619 <dt class="hdlist1">
1620 <a href="git-merge-tree.html">git-merge-tree(1)</a>
1621 </dt>
1622 <dd>
1623 <p>
1624         Perform merge without touching index or working tree.
1625 </p>
1626 </dd>
1627 <dt class="hdlist1">
1628 <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>
1629 </dt>
1630 <dd>
1631 <p>
1632         Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges.
1633 </p>
1634 </dd>
1635 <dt class="hdlist1">
1636 <a href="git-show-branch.html">git-show-branch(1)</a>
1637 </dt>
1638 <dd>
1639 <p>
1640         Show branches and their commits.
1641 </p>
1642 </dd>
1643 <dt class="hdlist1">
1644 <a href="git-verify-commit.html">git-verify-commit(1)</a>
1645 </dt>
1646 <dd>
1647 <p>
1648         Check the GPG signature of commits.
1649 </p>
1650 </dd>
1651 <dt class="hdlist1">
1652 <a href="git-verify-tag.html">git-verify-tag(1)</a>
1653 </dt>
1654 <dd>
1655 <p>
1656         Check the GPG signature of tags.
1657 </p>
1658 </dd>
1659 <dt class="hdlist1">
1660 <a href="git-version.html">git-version(1)</a>
1661 </dt>
1662 <dd>
1663 <p>
1664         Display version information about Git.
1665 </p>
1666 </dd>
1667 <dt class="hdlist1">
1668 <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a>
1669 </dt>
1670 <dd>
1671 <p>
1672         Show logs with difference each commit introduces.
1673 </p>
1674 </dd>
1675 <dt class="hdlist1">
1676 <a href="gitweb.html">gitweb(1)</a>
1677 </dt>
1678 <dd>
1679 <p>
1680         Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories).
1681 </p>
1682 </dd>
1683 </dl></div>
1684 </div>
1685 <div class="sect2">
1686 <h3 id="_interacting_with_others">Interacting with Others</h3>
1687 <div class="paragraph"><p>These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
1688 people via patch over e-mail.</p></div>
1689 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1690 <dt class="hdlist1">
1691 <a href="git-archimport.html">git-archimport(1)</a>
1692 </dt>
1693 <dd>
1694 <p>
1695         Import a GNU Arch repository into Git.
1696 </p>
1697 </dd>
1698 <dt class="hdlist1">
1699 <a href="git-cvsexportcommit.html">git-cvsexportcommit(1)</a>
1700 </dt>
1701 <dd>
1702 <p>
1703         Export a single commit to a CVS checkout.
1704 </p>
1705 </dd>
1706 <dt class="hdlist1">
1707 <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a>
1708 </dt>
1709 <dd>
1710 <p>
1711         Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
1712 </p>
1713 </dd>
1714 <dt class="hdlist1">
1715 <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a>
1716 </dt>
1717 <dd>
1718 <p>
1719         A CVS server emulator for Git.
1720 </p>
1721 </dd>
1722 <dt class="hdlist1">
1723 <a href="git-imap-send.html">git-imap-send(1)</a>
1724 </dt>
1725 <dd>
1726 <p>
1727         Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder.
1728 </p>
1729 </dd>
1730 <dt class="hdlist1">
1731 <a href="git-p4.html">git-p4(1)</a>
1732 </dt>
1733 <dd>
1734 <p>
1735         Import from and submit to Perforce repositories.
1736 </p>
1737 </dd>
1738 <dt class="hdlist1">
1739 <a href="git-quiltimport.html">git-quiltimport(1)</a>
1740 </dt>
1741 <dd>
1742 <p>
1743         Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch.
1744 </p>
1745 </dd>
1746 <dt class="hdlist1">
1747 <a href="git-request-pull.html">git-request-pull(1)</a>
1748 </dt>
1749 <dd>
1750 <p>
1751         Generates a summary of pending changes.
1752 </p>
1753 </dd>
1754 <dt class="hdlist1">
1755 <a href="git-send-email.html">git-send-email(1)</a>
1756 </dt>
1757 <dd>
1758 <p>
1759         Send a collection of patches as emails.
1760 </p>
1761 </dd>
1762 <dt class="hdlist1">
1763 <a href="git-svn.html">git-svn(1)</a>
1764 </dt>
1765 <dd>
1766 <p>
1767         Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git.
1768 </p>
1769 </dd>
1770 </dl></div>
1771 </div>
1772 <div class="sect2">
1773 <h3 id="_reset_restore_and_revert">Reset, restore and revert</h3>
1774 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are three commands with similar names: <code>git reset</code>,
1775 <code>git restore</code> and <code>git revert</code>.</p></div>
1776 <div class="ulist"><ul>
1777 <li>
1778 <p>
1779 <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a> is about making a new commit that reverts the
1780   changes made by other commits.
1781 </p>
1782 </li>
1783 <li>
1784 <p>
1785 <a href="git-restore.html">git-restore(1)</a> is about restoring files in the working tree
1786   from either the index or another commit. This command does not
1787   update your branch. The command can also be used to restore files in
1788   the index from another commit.
1789 </p>
1790 </li>
1791 <li>
1792 <p>
1793 <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a> is about updating your branch, moving the tip
1794   in order to add or remove commits from the branch. This operation
1795   changes the commit history.
1796 </p>
1797 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>git reset</code> can also be used to restore the index, overlapping with
1798 <code>git restore</code>.</p></div>
1799 </li>
1800 </ul></div>
1801 </div>
1802 </div>
1803 </div>
1804 <div class="sect1">
1805 <h2 id="_low_level_commands_plumbing">Low-level commands (plumbing)</h2>
1806 <div class="sectionbody">
1807 <div class="paragraph"><p>Although Git includes its
1808 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
1809 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
1810 might start by reading about <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a> and
1811 <a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a>.</p></div>
1812 <div class="paragraph"><p>The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
1813 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
1814 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
1815 primarily for scripted use.  The interface to Porcelain commands
1816 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
1817 end user experience.</p></div>
1818 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following description divides
1819 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
1820 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
1821 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
1822 repositories.</p></div>
1823 <div class="sect2">
1824 <h3 id="_manipulation_commands">Manipulation commands</h3>
1825 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1826 <dt class="hdlist1">
1827 <a href="git-apply.html">git-apply(1)</a>
1828 </dt>
1829 <dd>
1830 <p>
1831         Apply a patch to files and/or to the index.
1832 </p>
1833 </dd>
1834 <dt class="hdlist1">
1835 <a href="git-checkout-index.html">git-checkout-index(1)</a>
1836 </dt>
1837 <dd>
1838 <p>
1839         Copy files from the index to the working tree.
1840 </p>
1841 </dd>
1842 <dt class="hdlist1">
1843 <a href="git-commit-graph.html">git-commit-graph(1)</a>
1844 </dt>
1845 <dd>
1846 <p>
1847         Write and verify Git commit-graph files.
1848 </p>
1849 </dd>
1850 <dt class="hdlist1">
1851 <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a>
1852 </dt>
1853 <dd>
1854 <p>
1855         Create a new commit object.
1856 </p>
1857 </dd>
1858 <dt class="hdlist1">
1859 <a href="git-hash-object.html">git-hash-object(1)</a>
1860 </dt>
1861 <dd>
1862 <p>
1863         Compute object ID and optionally create an object from a file.
1864 </p>
1865 </dd>
1866 <dt class="hdlist1">
1867 <a href="git-index-pack.html">git-index-pack(1)</a>
1868 </dt>
1869 <dd>
1870 <p>
1871         Build pack index file for an existing packed archive.
1872 </p>
1873 </dd>
1874 <dt class="hdlist1">
1875 <a href="git-merge-file.html">git-merge-file(1)</a>
1876 </dt>
1877 <dd>
1878 <p>
1879         Run a three-way file merge.
1880 </p>
1881 </dd>
1882 <dt class="hdlist1">
1883 <a href="git-merge-index.html">git-merge-index(1)</a>
1884 </dt>
1885 <dd>
1886 <p>
1887         Run a merge for files needing merging.
1888 </p>
1889 </dd>
1890 <dt class="hdlist1">
1891 <a href="git-mktag.html">git-mktag(1)</a>
1892 </dt>
1893 <dd>
1894 <p>
1895         Creates a tag object with extra validation.
1896 </p>
1897 </dd>
1898 <dt class="hdlist1">
1899 <a href="git-mktree.html">git-mktree(1)</a>
1900 </dt>
1901 <dd>
1902 <p>
1903         Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text.
1904 </p>
1905 </dd>
1906 <dt class="hdlist1">
1907 <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>
1908 </dt>
1909 <dd>
1910 <p>
1911         Write and verify multi-pack-indexes.
1912 </p>
1913 </dd>
1914 <dt class="hdlist1">
1915 <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>
1916 </dt>
1917 <dd>
1918 <p>
1919         Create a packed archive of objects.
1920 </p>
1921 </dd>
1922 <dt class="hdlist1">
1923 <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a>
1924 </dt>
1925 <dd>
1926 <p>
1927         Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
1928 </p>
1929 </dd>
1930 <dt class="hdlist1">
1931 <a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a>
1932 </dt>
1933 <dd>
1934 <p>
1935         Reads tree information into the index.
1936 </p>
1937 </dd>
1938 <dt class="hdlist1">
1939 <a href="git-symbolic-ref.html">git-symbolic-ref(1)</a>
1940 </dt>
1941 <dd>
1942 <p>
1943         Read, modify and delete symbolic refs.
1944 </p>
1945 </dd>
1946 <dt class="hdlist1">
1947 <a href="git-unpack-objects.html">git-unpack-objects(1)</a>
1948 </dt>
1949 <dd>
1950 <p>
1951         Unpack objects from a packed archive.
1952 </p>
1953 </dd>
1954 <dt class="hdlist1">
1955 <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a>
1956 </dt>
1957 <dd>
1958 <p>
1959         Register file contents in the working tree to the index.
1960 </p>
1961 </dd>
1962 <dt class="hdlist1">
1963 <a href="git-update-ref.html">git-update-ref(1)</a>
1964 </dt>
1965 <dd>
1966 <p>
1967         Update the object name stored in a ref safely.
1968 </p>
1969 </dd>
1970 <dt class="hdlist1">
1971 <a href="git-write-tree.html">git-write-tree(1)</a>
1972 </dt>
1973 <dd>
1974 <p>
1975         Create a tree object from the current index.
1976 </p>
1977 </dd>
1978 </dl></div>
1979 </div>
1980 <div class="sect2">
1981 <h3 id="_interrogation_commands">Interrogation commands</h3>
1982 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1983 <dt class="hdlist1">
1984 <a href="git-cat-file.html">git-cat-file(1)</a>
1985 </dt>
1986 <dd>
1987 <p>
1988         Provide content or type and size information for repository objects.
1989 </p>
1990 </dd>
1991 <dt class="hdlist1">
1992 <a href="git-cherry.html">git-cherry(1)</a>
1993 </dt>
1994 <dd>
1995 <p>
1996         Find commits yet to be applied to upstream.
1997 </p>
1998 </dd>
1999 <dt class="hdlist1">
2000 <a href="git-diff-files.html">git-diff-files(1)</a>
2001 </dt>
2002 <dd>
2003 <p>
2004         Compares files in the working tree and the index.
2005 </p>
2006 </dd>
2007 <dt class="hdlist1">
2008 <a href="git-diff-index.html">git-diff-index(1)</a>
2009 </dt>
2010 <dd>
2011 <p>
2012         Compare a tree to the working tree or index.
2013 </p>
2014 </dd>
2015 <dt class="hdlist1">
2016 <a href="git-diff-tree.html">git-diff-tree(1)</a>
2017 </dt>
2018 <dd>
2019 <p>
2020         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects.
2021 </p>
2022 </dd>
2023 <dt class="hdlist1">
2024 <a href="git-for-each-ref.html">git-for-each-ref(1)</a>
2025 </dt>
2026 <dd>
2027 <p>
2028         Output information on each ref.
2029 </p>
2030 </dd>
2031 <dt class="hdlist1">
2032 <a href="git-for-each-repo.html">git-for-each-repo(1)</a>
2033 </dt>
2034 <dd>
2035 <p>
2036         Run a Git command on a list of repositories.
2037 </p>
2038 </dd>
2039 <dt class="hdlist1">
2040 <a href="git-get-tar-commit-id.html">git-get-tar-commit-id(1)</a>
2041 </dt>
2042 <dd>
2043 <p>
2044         Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive.
2045 </p>
2046 </dd>
2047 <dt class="hdlist1">
2048 <a href="git-ls-files.html">git-ls-files(1)</a>
2049 </dt>
2050 <dd>
2051 <p>
2052         Show information about files in the index and the working tree.
2053 </p>
2054 </dd>
2055 <dt class="hdlist1">
2056 <a href="git-ls-remote.html">git-ls-remote(1)</a>
2057 </dt>
2058 <dd>
2059 <p>
2060         List references in a remote repository.
2061 </p>
2062 </dd>
2063 <dt class="hdlist1">
2064 <a href="git-ls-tree.html">git-ls-tree(1)</a>
2065 </dt>
2066 <dd>
2067 <p>
2068         List the contents of a tree object.
2069 </p>
2070 </dd>
2071 <dt class="hdlist1">
2072 <a href="git-merge-base.html">git-merge-base(1)</a>
2073 </dt>
2074 <dd>
2075 <p>
2076         Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge.
2077 </p>
2078 </dd>
2079 <dt class="hdlist1">
2080 <a href="git-name-rev.html">git-name-rev(1)</a>
2081 </dt>
2082 <dd>
2083 <p>
2084         Find symbolic names for given revs.
2085 </p>
2086 </dd>
2087 <dt class="hdlist1">
2088 <a href="git-pack-redundant.html">git-pack-redundant(1)</a>
2089 </dt>
2090 <dd>
2091 <p>
2092         Find redundant pack files.
2093 </p>
2094 </dd>
2095 <dt class="hdlist1">
2096 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>
2097 </dt>
2098 <dd>
2099 <p>
2100         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order.
2101 </p>
2102 </dd>
2103 <dt class="hdlist1">
2104 <a href="git-rev-parse.html">git-rev-parse(1)</a>
2105 </dt>
2106 <dd>
2107 <p>
2108         Pick out and massage parameters.
2109 </p>
2110 </dd>
2111 <dt class="hdlist1">
2112 <a href="git-show-index.html">git-show-index(1)</a>
2113 </dt>
2114 <dd>
2115 <p>
2116         Show packed archive index.
2117 </p>
2118 </dd>
2119 <dt class="hdlist1">
2120 <a href="git-show-ref.html">git-show-ref(1)</a>
2121 </dt>
2122 <dd>
2123 <p>
2124         List references in a local repository.
2125 </p>
2126 </dd>
2127 <dt class="hdlist1">
2128 <a href="git-unpack-file.html">git-unpack-file(1)</a>
2129 </dt>
2130 <dd>
2131 <p>
2132         Creates a temporary file with a blob&#8217;s contents.
2133 </p>
2134 </dd>
2135 <dt class="hdlist1">
2136 <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a>
2137 </dt>
2138 <dd>
2139 <p>
2140         Show a Git logical variable.
2141 </p>
2142 </dd>
2143 <dt class="hdlist1">
2144 <a href="git-verify-pack.html">git-verify-pack(1)</a>
2145 </dt>
2146 <dd>
2147 <p>
2148         Validate packed Git archive files.
2149 </p>
2150 </dd>
2151 </dl></div>
2152 <div class="paragraph"><p>In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
2153 the working tree.</p></div>
2154 </div>
2155 <div class="sect2">
2156 <h3 id="_syncing_repositories">Syncing repositories</h3>
2157 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2158 <dt class="hdlist1">
2159 <a href="git-daemon.html">git-daemon(1)</a>
2160 </dt>
2161 <dd>
2162 <p>
2163         A really simple server for Git repositories.
2164 </p>
2165 </dd>
2166 <dt class="hdlist1">
2167 <a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a>
2168 </dt>
2169 <dd>
2170 <p>
2171         Receive missing objects from another repository.
2172 </p>
2173 </dd>
2174 <dt class="hdlist1">
2175 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>
2176 </dt>
2177 <dd>
2178 <p>
2179         Server side implementation of Git over HTTP.
2180 </p>
2181 </dd>
2182 <dt class="hdlist1">
2183 <a href="git-send-pack.html">git-send-pack(1)</a>
2184 </dt>
2185 <dd>
2186 <p>
2187         Push objects over Git protocol to another repository.
2188 </p>
2189 </dd>
2190 <dt class="hdlist1">
2191 <a href="git-update-server-info.html">git-update-server-info(1)</a>
2192 </dt>
2193 <dd>
2194 <p>
2195         Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers.
2196 </p>
2197 </dd>
2198 </dl></div>
2199 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
2200 typically do not use them directly.</p></div>
2201 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2202 <dt class="hdlist1">
2203 <a href="git-http-fetch.html">git-http-fetch(1)</a>
2204 </dt>
2205 <dd>
2206 <p>
2207         Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP.
2208 </p>
2209 </dd>
2210 <dt class="hdlist1">
2211 <a href="git-http-push.html">git-http-push(1)</a>
2212 </dt>
2213 <dd>
2214 <p>
2215         Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository.
2216 </p>
2217 </dd>
2218 <dt class="hdlist1">
2219 <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack(1)</a>
2220 </dt>
2221 <dd>
2222 <p>
2223         Receive what is pushed into the repository.
2224 </p>
2225 </dd>
2226 <dt class="hdlist1">
2227 <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>
2228 </dt>
2229 <dd>
2230 <p>
2231         Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access.
2232 </p>
2233 </dd>
2234 <dt class="hdlist1">
2235 <a href="git-upload-archive.html">git-upload-archive(1)</a>
2236 </dt>
2237 <dd>
2238 <p>
2239         Send archive back to git-archive.
2240 </p>
2241 </dd>
2242 <dt class="hdlist1">
2243 <a href="git-upload-pack.html">git-upload-pack(1)</a>
2244 </dt>
2245 <dd>
2246 <p>
2247         Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack.
2248 </p>
2249 </dd>
2250 </dl></div>
2251 </div>
2252 <div class="sect2">
2253 <h3 id="_internal_helper_commands">Internal helper commands</h3>
2254 <div class="paragraph"><p>These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
2255 users typically do not use them directly.</p></div>
2256 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2257 <dt class="hdlist1">
2258 <a href="git-check-attr.html">git-check-attr(1)</a>
2259 </dt>
2260 <dd>
2261 <p>
2262         Display gitattributes information.
2263 </p>
2264 </dd>
2265 <dt class="hdlist1">
2266 <a href="git-check-ignore.html">git-check-ignore(1)</a>
2267 </dt>
2268 <dd>
2269 <p>
2270         Debug gitignore / exclude files.
2271 </p>
2272 </dd>
2273 <dt class="hdlist1">
2274 <a href="git-check-mailmap.html">git-check-mailmap(1)</a>
2275 </dt>
2276 <dd>
2277 <p>
2278         Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts.
2279 </p>
2280 </dd>
2281 <dt class="hdlist1">
2282 <a href="git-check-ref-format.html">git-check-ref-format(1)</a>
2283 </dt>
2284 <dd>
2285 <p>
2286         Ensures that a reference name is well formed.
2287 </p>
2288 </dd>
2289 <dt class="hdlist1">
2290 <a href="git-column.html">git-column(1)</a>
2291 </dt>
2292 <dd>
2293 <p>
2294         Display data in columns.
2295 </p>
2296 </dd>
2297 <dt class="hdlist1">
2298 <a href="git-credential.html">git-credential(1)</a>
2299 </dt>
2300 <dd>
2301 <p>
2302         Retrieve and store user credentials.
2303 </p>
2304 </dd>
2305 <dt class="hdlist1">
2306 <a href="git-credential-cache.html">git-credential-cache(1)</a>
2307 </dt>
2308 <dd>
2309 <p>
2310         Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory.
2311 </p>
2312 </dd>
2313 <dt class="hdlist1">
2314 <a href="git-credential-store.html">git-credential-store(1)</a>
2315 </dt>
2316 <dd>
2317 <p>
2318         Helper to store credentials on disk.
2319 </p>
2320 </dd>
2321 <dt class="hdlist1">
2322 <a href="git-fmt-merge-msg.html">git-fmt-merge-msg(1)</a>
2323 </dt>
2324 <dd>
2325 <p>
2326         Produce a merge commit message.
2327 </p>
2328 </dd>
2329 <dt class="hdlist1">
2330 <a href="git-hook.html">git-hook(1)</a>
2331 </dt>
2332 <dd>
2333 <p>
2334         Run git hooks.
2335 </p>
2336 </dd>
2337 <dt class="hdlist1">
2338 <a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>
2339 </dt>
2340 <dd>
2341 <p>
2342         Add or parse structured information in commit messages.
2343 </p>
2344 </dd>
2345 <dt class="hdlist1">
2346 <a href="git-mailinfo.html">git-mailinfo(1)</a>
2347 </dt>
2348 <dd>
2349 <p>
2350         Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message.
2351 </p>
2352 </dd>
2353 <dt class="hdlist1">
2354 <a href="git-mailsplit.html">git-mailsplit(1)</a>
2355 </dt>
2356 <dd>
2357 <p>
2358         Simple UNIX mbox splitter program.
2359 </p>
2360 </dd>
2361 <dt class="hdlist1">
2362 <a href="git-merge-one-file.html">git-merge-one-file(1)</a>
2363 </dt>
2364 <dd>
2365 <p>
2366         The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index.
2367 </p>
2368 </dd>
2369 <dt class="hdlist1">
2370 <a href="git-patch-id.html">git-patch-id(1)</a>
2371 </dt>
2372 <dd>
2373 <p>
2374         Compute unique ID for a patch.
2375 </p>
2376 </dd>
2377 <dt class="hdlist1">
2378 <a href="git-sh-i18n.html">git-sh-i18n(1)</a>
2379 </dt>
2380 <dd>
2381 <p>
2382         Git&#8217;s i18n setup code for shell scripts.
2383 </p>
2384 </dd>
2385 <dt class="hdlist1">
2386 <a href="git-sh-setup.html">git-sh-setup(1)</a>
2387 </dt>
2388 <dd>
2389 <p>
2390         Common Git shell script setup code.
2391 </p>
2392 </dd>
2393 <dt class="hdlist1">
2394 <a href="git-stripspace.html">git-stripspace(1)</a>
2395 </dt>
2396 <dd>
2397 <p>
2398         Remove unnecessary whitespace.
2399 </p>
2400 </dd>
2401 </dl></div>
2402 </div>
2403 </div>
2404 </div>
2405 <div class="sect1">
2406 <h2 id="_guides">Guides</h2>
2407 <div class="sectionbody">
2408 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following documentation pages are guides about Git concepts.</p></div>
2409 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2410 <dt class="hdlist1">
2411 <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>
2412 </dt>
2413 <dd>
2414 <p>
2415         A Git core tutorial for developers.
2416 </p>
2417 </dd>
2418 <dt class="hdlist1">
2419 <a href="gitcredentials.html">gitcredentials(7)</a>
2420 </dt>
2421 <dd>
2422 <p>
2423         Providing usernames and passwords to Git.
2424 </p>
2425 </dd>
2426 <dt class="hdlist1">
2427 <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>
2428 </dt>
2429 <dd>
2430 <p>
2431         Git for CVS users.
2432 </p>
2433 </dd>
2434 <dt class="hdlist1">
2435 <a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>
2436 </dt>
2437 <dd>
2438 <p>
2439         Tweaking diff output.
2440 </p>
2441 </dd>
2442 <dt class="hdlist1">
2443 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>
2444 </dt>
2445 <dd>
2446 <p>
2447         A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git.
2448 </p>
2449 </dd>
2450 <dt class="hdlist1">
2451 <a href="gitfaq.html">gitfaq(7)</a>
2452 </dt>
2453 <dd>
2454 <p>
2455         Frequently asked questions about using Git.
2456 </p>
2457 </dd>
2458 <dt class="hdlist1">
2459 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>
2460 </dt>
2461 <dd>
2462 <p>
2463         A Git Glossary.
2464 </p>
2465 </dd>
2466 <dt class="hdlist1">
2467 <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a>
2468 </dt>
2469 <dd>
2470 <p>
2471         Git namespaces.
2472 </p>
2473 </dd>
2474 <dt class="hdlist1">
2475 <a href="gitremote-helpers.html">gitremote-helpers(7)</a>
2476 </dt>
2477 <dd>
2478 <p>
2479         Helper programs to interact with remote repositories.
2480 </p>
2481 </dd>
2482 <dt class="hdlist1">
2483 <a href="gitsubmodules.html">gitsubmodules(7)</a>
2484 </dt>
2485 <dd>
2486 <p>
2487         Mounting one repository inside another.
2488 </p>
2489 </dd>
2490 <dt class="hdlist1">
2491 <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>
2492 </dt>
2493 <dd>
2494 <p>
2495         A tutorial introduction to Git.
2496 </p>
2497 </dd>
2498 <dt class="hdlist1">
2499 <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>
2500 </dt>
2501 <dd>
2502 <p>
2503         A tutorial introduction to Git: part two.
2504 </p>
2505 </dd>
2506 <dt class="hdlist1">
2507 <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a>
2508 </dt>
2509 <dd>
2510 <p>
2511         An overview of recommended workflows with Git.
2512 </p>
2513 </dd>
2514 </dl></div>
2515 </div>
2516 </div>
2517 <div class="sect1">
2518 <h2 id="_repository_command_and_file_interfaces">Repository, command and file interfaces</h2>
2519 <div class="sectionbody">
2520 <div class="paragraph"><p>This documentation discusses repository and command interfaces which
2521 users are expected to interact with directly. See <code>--user-formats</code> in
2522 <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a> for more details on the criteria.</p></div>
2523 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2524 <dt class="hdlist1">
2525 <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>
2526 </dt>
2527 <dd>
2528 <p>
2529         Defining attributes per path.
2530 </p>
2531 </dd>
2532 <dt class="hdlist1">
2533 <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a>
2534 </dt>
2535 <dd>
2536 <p>
2537         Git command-line interface and conventions.
2538 </p>
2539 </dd>
2540 <dt class="hdlist1">
2541 <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>
2542 </dt>
2543 <dd>
2544 <p>
2545         Hooks used by Git.
2546 </p>
2547 </dd>
2548 <dt class="hdlist1">
2549 <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>
2550 </dt>
2551 <dd>
2552 <p>
2553         Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore.
2554 </p>
2555 </dd>
2556 <dt class="hdlist1">
2557 <a href="gitmailmap.html">gitmailmap(5)</a>
2558 </dt>
2559 <dd>
2560 <p>
2561         Map author/committer names and/or E-Mail addresses.
2562 </p>
2563 </dd>
2564 <dt class="hdlist1">
2565 <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>
2566 </dt>
2567 <dd>
2568 <p>
2569         Defining submodule properties.
2570 </p>
2571 </dd>
2572 <dt class="hdlist1">
2573 <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>
2574 </dt>
2575 <dd>
2576 <p>
2577         Git Repository Layout.
2578 </p>
2579 </dd>
2580 <dt class="hdlist1">
2581 <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>
2582 </dt>
2583 <dd>
2584 <p>
2585         Specifying revisions and ranges for Git.
2586 </p>
2587 </dd>
2588 </dl></div>
2589 </div>
2590 </div>
2591 <div class="sect1">
2592 <h2 id="_file_formats_protocols_and_other_developer_interfaces">File formats, protocols and other developer interfaces</h2>
2593 <div class="sectionbody">
2594 <div class="paragraph"><p>This documentation discusses file formats, over-the-wire protocols and
2595 other git developer interfaces. See <code>--developer-interfaces</code> in
2596 <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a>.</p></div>
2597 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2598 <dt class="hdlist1">
2599 <a href="gitformat-bundle.html">gitformat-bundle(5)</a>
2600 </dt>
2601 <dd>
2602 <p>
2603         The bundle file format.
2604 </p>
2605 </dd>
2606 <dt class="hdlist1">
2607 <a href="gitformat-chunk.html">gitformat-chunk(5)</a>
2608 </dt>
2609 <dd>
2610 <p>
2611         Chunk-based file formats.
2612 </p>
2613 </dd>
2614 <dt class="hdlist1">
2615 <a href="gitformat-commit-graph.html">gitformat-commit-graph(5)</a>
2616 </dt>
2617 <dd>
2618 <p>
2619         Git commit-graph format.
2620 </p>
2621 </dd>
2622 <dt class="hdlist1">
2623 <a href="gitformat-index.html">gitformat-index(5)</a>
2624 </dt>
2625 <dd>
2626 <p>
2627         Git index format.
2628 </p>
2629 </dd>
2630 <dt class="hdlist1">
2631 <a href="gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(5)</a>
2632 </dt>
2633 <dd>
2634 <p>
2635         Git pack format.
2636 </p>
2637 </dd>
2638 <dt class="hdlist1">
2639 <a href="gitformat-signature.html">gitformat-signature(5)</a>
2640 </dt>
2641 <dd>
2642 <p>
2643         Git cryptographic signature formats.
2644 </p>
2645 </dd>
2646 <dt class="hdlist1">
2647 <a href="gitprotocol-capabilities.html">gitprotocol-capabilities(5)</a>
2648 </dt>
2649 <dd>
2650 <p>
2651         Protocol v0 and v1 capabilities.
2652 </p>
2653 </dd>
2654 <dt class="hdlist1">
2655 <a href="gitprotocol-common.html">gitprotocol-common(5)</a>
2656 </dt>
2657 <dd>
2658 <p>
2659         Things common to various protocols.
2660 </p>
2661 </dd>
2662 <dt class="hdlist1">
2663 <a href="gitprotocol-http.html">gitprotocol-http(5)</a>
2664 </dt>
2665 <dd>
2666 <p>
2667         Git HTTP-based protocols.
2668 </p>
2669 </dd>
2670 <dt class="hdlist1">
2671 <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>
2672 </dt>
2673 <dd>
2674 <p>
2675         How packs are transferred over-the-wire.
2676 </p>
2677 </dd>
2678 <dt class="hdlist1">
2679 <a href="gitprotocol-v2.html">gitprotocol-v2(5)</a>
2680 </dt>
2681 <dd>
2682 <p>
2683         Git Wire Protocol, Version 2.
2684 </p>
2685 </dd>
2686 </dl></div>
2687 </div>
2688 </div>
2689 <div class="sect1">
2690 <h2 id="_configuration_mechanism">Configuration Mechanism</h2>
2691 <div class="sectionbody">
2692 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
2693 repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
2694 like this:</p></div>
2695 <div class="listingblock">
2696 <div class="content">
2697 <pre><code>#
2698 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
2699 #
2700
2701 ; core variables
2702 [core]
2703         ; Don't trust file modes
2704         filemode = false
2705
2706 ; user identity
2707 [user]
2708         name = "Junio C Hamano"
2709         email = "gitster@pobox.com"</code></pre>
2710 </div></div>
2711 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
2712 their operation accordingly.  See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for a
2713 list and more details about the configuration mechanism.</p></div>
2714 </div>
2715 </div>
2716 <div class="sect1">
2717 <h2 id="_identifier_terminology">Identifier Terminology</h2>
2718 <div class="sectionbody">
2719 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2720 <dt class="hdlist1">
2721 &lt;object&gt;
2722 </dt>
2723 <dd>
2724 <p>
2725         Indicates the object name for any type of object.
2726 </p>
2727 </dd>
2728 <dt class="hdlist1">
2729 &lt;blob&gt;
2730 </dt>
2731 <dd>
2732 <p>
2733         Indicates a blob object name.
2734 </p>
2735 </dd>
2736 <dt class="hdlist1">
2737 &lt;tree&gt;
2738 </dt>
2739 <dd>
2740 <p>
2741         Indicates a tree object name.
2742 </p>
2743 </dd>
2744 <dt class="hdlist1">
2745 &lt;commit&gt;
2746 </dt>
2747 <dd>
2748 <p>
2749         Indicates a commit object name.
2750 </p>
2751 </dd>
2752 <dt class="hdlist1">
2753 &lt;tree-ish&gt;
2754 </dt>
2755 <dd>
2756 <p>
2757         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name.  A
2758         command that takes a &lt;tree-ish&gt; argument ultimately wants to
2759         operate on a &lt;tree&gt; object but automatically dereferences
2760         &lt;commit&gt; and &lt;tag&gt; objects that point at a &lt;tree&gt;.
2761 </p>
2762 </dd>
2763 <dt class="hdlist1">
2764 &lt;commit-ish&gt;
2765 </dt>
2766 <dd>
2767 <p>
2768         Indicates a commit or tag object name.  A
2769         command that takes a &lt;commit-ish&gt; argument ultimately wants to
2770         operate on a &lt;commit&gt; object but automatically dereferences
2771         &lt;tag&gt; objects that point at a &lt;commit&gt;.
2772 </p>
2773 </dd>
2774 <dt class="hdlist1">
2775 &lt;type&gt;
2776 </dt>
2777 <dd>
2778 <p>
2779         Indicates that an object type is required.
2780         Currently one of: <code>blob</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>commit</code>, or <code>tag</code>.
2781 </p>
2782 </dd>
2783 <dt class="hdlist1">
2784 &lt;file&gt;
2785 </dt>
2786 <dd>
2787 <p>
2788         Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
2789         root of the tree structure <code>GIT_INDEX_FILE</code> describes.
2790 </p>
2791 </dd>
2792 </dl></div>
2793 </div>
2794 </div>
2795 <div class="sect1">
2796 <h2 id="_symbolic_identifiers">Symbolic Identifiers</h2>
2797 <div class="sectionbody">
2798 <div class="paragraph"><p>Any Git command accepting any &lt;object&gt; can also use the following
2799 symbolic notation:</p></div>
2800 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2801 <dt class="hdlist1">
2802 HEAD
2803 </dt>
2804 <dd>
2805 <p>
2806         indicates the head of the current branch.
2807 </p>
2808 </dd>
2809 <dt class="hdlist1">
2810 &lt;tag&gt;
2811 </dt>
2812 <dd>
2813 <p>
2814         a valid tag <em>name</em>
2815         (i.e. a <code>refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;</code> reference).
2816 </p>
2817 </dd>
2818 <dt class="hdlist1">
2819 &lt;head&gt;
2820 </dt>
2821 <dd>
2822 <p>
2823         a valid head <em>name</em>
2824         (i.e. a <code>refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;</code> reference).
2825 </p>
2826 </dd>
2827 </dl></div>
2828 <div class="paragraph"><p>For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
2829 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p></div>
2830 </div>
2831 </div>
2832 <div class="sect1">
2833 <h2 id="_file_directory_structure">File/Directory Structure</h2>
2834 <div class="sectionbody">
2835 <div class="paragraph"><p>Please see the <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a> document.</p></div>
2836 <div class="paragraph"><p>Read <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more details about each hook.</p></div>
2837 <div class="paragraph"><p>Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
2838 <code>$GIT_DIR</code>.</p></div>
2839 </div>
2840 </div>
2841 <div class="sect1">
2842 <h2 id="_terminology">Terminology</h2>
2843 <div class="sectionbody">
2844 <div class="paragraph"><p>Please see <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p></div>
2845 </div>
2846 </div>
2847 <div class="sect1">
2848 <h2 id="_environment_variables">Environment Variables</h2>
2849 <div class="sectionbody">
2850 <div class="paragraph"><p>Various Git commands pay attention to environment variables and change
2851 their behavior.  The environment variables marked as "Boolean" take
2852 their values the same way as Boolean valued configuration variables, e.g.
2853 "true", "yes", "on" and positive numbers are taken as "yes".</p></div>
2854 <div class="paragraph"><p>Here are the variables:</p></div>
2855 <div class="sect2">
2856 <h3 id="_the_git_repository">The Git Repository</h3>
2857 <div class="paragraph"><p>These environment variables apply to <em>all</em> core Git commands. Nb: it
2858 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
2859 Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.</p></div>
2860 <div class="dlist"><dl>
2861 <dt class="hdlist1">
2862 <code>GIT_INDEX_FILE</code>
2863 </dt>
2864 <dd>
2865 <p>
2866         This environment variable specifies an alternate
2867         index file. If not specified, the default of <code>$GIT_DIR/index</code>
2868         is used.
2869 </p>
2870 </dd>
2871 <dt class="hdlist1">
2872 <code>GIT_INDEX_VERSION</code>
2873 </dt>
2874 <dd>
2875 <p>
2876         This environment variable specifies what index version is used
2877         when writing the index file out.  It won&#8217;t affect existing index
2878         files.  By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
2879         <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a> for more information.
2880 </p>
2881 </dd>
2882 <dt class="hdlist1">
2883 <code>GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY</code>
2884 </dt>
2885 <dd>
2886 <p>
2887         If the object storage directory is specified via this
2888         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
2889         underneath - otherwise the default <code>$GIT_DIR/objects</code>
2890         directory is used.
2891 </p>
2892 </dd>
2893 <dt class="hdlist1">
2894 <code>GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES</code>
2895 </dt>
2896 <dd>
2897 <p>
2898         Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
2899         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
2900         specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
2901         of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
2902         objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
2903 </p>
2904 <div class="paragraph"><p>Entries that begin with <code>"</code> (double-quote) will be interpreted
2905 as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing
2906 double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
2907 <code>"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path</code> has two paths:
2908 <code>path-with-"-and-:-in-it</code> and <code>vanilla-path</code>.</p></div>
2909 </dd>
2910 <dt class="hdlist1">
2911 <code>GIT_DIR</code>
2912 </dt>
2913 <dd>
2914 <p>
2915         If the <code>GIT_DIR</code> environment variable is set then it
2916         specifies a path to use instead of the default <code>.git</code>
2917         for the base of the repository.
2918         The <code>--git-dir</code> command-line option also sets this value.
2919 </p>
2920 </dd>
2921 <dt class="hdlist1">
2922 <code>GIT_WORK_TREE</code>
2923 </dt>
2924 <dd>
2925 <p>
2926         Set the path to the root of the working tree.
2927         This can also be controlled by the <code>--work-tree</code> command-line
2928         option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
2929 </p>
2930 </dd>
2931 <dt class="hdlist1">
2932 <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code>
2933 </dt>
2934 <dd>
2935 <p>
2936         Set the Git namespace; see <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for details.
2937         The <code>--namespace</code> command-line option also sets this value.
2938 </p>
2939 </dd>
2940 <dt class="hdlist1">
2941 <code>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES</code>
2942 </dt>
2943 <dd>
2944 <p>
2945         This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
2946         set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
2947         into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
2948         excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
2949         exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
2950         command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
2951         the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
2952         might be present in order to compare them with the current
2953         directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
2954         can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
2955         subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn&#8217;t be resolved;
2956         e.g.,
2957         <code>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink</code>.
2958 </p>
2959 </dd>
2960 <dt class="hdlist1">
2961 <code>GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM</code>
2962 </dt>
2963 <dd>
2964 <p>
2965         When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
2966         directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
2967         directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
2968         does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This Boolean environment variable
2969         can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
2970         boundaries.  Like <code>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES</code>, this will not affect
2971         an explicit repository directory set via <code>GIT_DIR</code> or on the
2972         command line.
2973 </p>
2974 </dd>
2975 <dt class="hdlist1">
2976 <code>GIT_COMMON_DIR</code>
2977 </dt>
2978 <dd>
2979 <p>
2980         If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
2981         normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
2982         instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
2983         taken from $GIT_DIR. See <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a> and
2984         <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a> for
2985         details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
2986         variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY&#8230;
2987 </p>
2988 </dd>
2989 <dt class="hdlist1">
2990 <code>GIT_DEFAULT_HASH</code>
2991 </dt>
2992 <dd>
2993 <p>
2994         If this variable is set, the default hash algorithm for new
2995         repositories will be set to this value. This value is
2996         ignored when cloning and the setting of the remote repository
2997         is always used. The default is "sha1".
2998         See <code>--object-format</code> in <a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>.
2999 </p>
3000 </dd>
3001 </dl></div>
3002 </div>
3003 <div class="sect2">
3004 <h3 id="_git_commits">Git Commits</h3>
3005 <div class="dlist"><dl>
3006 <dt class="hdlist1">
3007 <code>GIT_AUTHOR_NAME</code>
3008 </dt>
3009 <dd>
3010 <p>
3011         The human-readable name used in the author identity when creating commit or
3012         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.name</code> and
3013         <code>author.name</code> configuration settings.
3014 </p>
3015 </dd>
3016 <dt class="hdlist1">
3017 <code>GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL</code>
3018 </dt>
3019 <dd>
3020 <p>
3021         The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
3022         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.email</code> and
3023         <code>author.email</code> configuration settings.
3024 </p>
3025 </dd>
3026 <dt class="hdlist1">
3027 <code>GIT_AUTHOR_DATE</code>
3028 </dt>
3029 <dd>
3030 <p>
3031         The date used for the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
3032         when writing reflogs. See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for valid formats.
3033 </p>
3034 </dd>
3035 <dt class="hdlist1">
3036 <code>GIT_COMMITTER_NAME</code>
3037 </dt>
3038 <dd>
3039 <p>
3040         The human-readable name used in the committer identity when creating commit or
3041         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.name</code> and
3042         <code>committer.name</code> configuration settings.
3043 </p>
3044 </dd>
3045 <dt class="hdlist1">
3046 <code>GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL</code>
3047 </dt>
3048 <dd>
3049 <p>
3050         The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
3051         tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the <code>user.email</code> and
3052         <code>committer.email</code> configuration settings.
3053 </p>
3054 </dd>
3055 <dt class="hdlist1">
3056 <code>GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</code>
3057 </dt>
3058 <dd>
3059 <p>
3060         The date used for the committer identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
3061         when writing reflogs. See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for valid formats.
3062 </p>
3063 </dd>
3064 <dt class="hdlist1">
3065 <code>EMAIL</code>
3066 </dt>
3067 <dd>
3068 <p>
3069         The email address used in the author and committer identities if no other
3070         relevant environment variable or configuration setting has been set.
3071 </p>
3072 </dd>
3073 </dl></div>
3074 </div>
3075 <div class="sect2">
3076 <h3 id="_git_diffs">Git Diffs</h3>
3077 <div class="dlist"><dl>
3078 <dt class="hdlist1">
3079 <code>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</code>
3080 </dt>
3081 <dd>
3082 <p>
3083         Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
3084         number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
3085         This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
3086         value passed on the Git diff command line.
3087 </p>
3088 </dd>
3089 <dt class="hdlist1">
3090 <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code>
3091 </dt>
3092 <dd>
3093 <p>
3094         When the environment variable <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is set, the
3095         program named by it is called to generate diffs, and Git
3096         does not use its builtin diff machinery.
3097         For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
3098         <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is called with 7 parameters:
3099 </p>
3100 <div class="literalblock">
3101 <div class="content">
3102 <pre><code>path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode</code></pre>
3103 </div></div>
3104 <div class="paragraph"><p>where:</p></div>
3105 </dd>
3106 <dt class="hdlist1">
3107 &lt;old|new&gt;-file
3108 </dt>
3109 <dd>
3110 <p>
3111 are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
3112                          contents of &lt;old|new&gt;,
3113 </p>
3114 </dd>
3115 <dt class="hdlist1">
3116 &lt;old|new&gt;-hex
3117 </dt>
3118 <dd>
3119 <p>
3120 are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
3121 </p>
3122 </dd>
3123 <dt class="hdlist1">
3124 &lt;old|new&gt;-mode
3125 </dt>
3126 <dd>
3127 <p>
3128 are the octal representation of the file modes.
3129 </p>
3130 <div class="paragraph"><p>The file parameters can point at the user&#8217;s working file
3131 (e.g. <code>new-file</code> in "git-diff-files"), <code>/dev/null</code> (e.g. <code>old-file</code>
3132 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. <code>old-file</code> in the
3133 index).  <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> should not worry about unlinking the
3134 temporary file&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;it is removed when <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> exits.</p></div>
3135 <div class="paragraph"><p>For a path that is unmerged, <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is called with 1
3136 parameter, &lt;path&gt;.</p></div>
3137 <div class="paragraph"><p>For each path <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> is called, two environment variables,
3138 <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER</code> and <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL</code> are set.</p></div>
3139 </dd>
3140 <dt class="hdlist1">
3141 <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER</code>
3142 </dt>
3143 <dd>
3144 <p>
3145         A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
3146 </p>
3147 </dd>
3148 <dt class="hdlist1">
3149 <code>GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL</code>
3150 </dt>
3151 <dd>
3152 <p>
3153         The total number of paths.
3154 </p>
3155 </dd>
3156 </dl></div>
3157 </div>
3158 <div class="sect2">
3159 <h3 id="_other">other</h3>
3160 <div class="dlist"><dl>
3161 <dt class="hdlist1">
3162 <code>GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY</code>
3163 </dt>
3164 <dd>
3165 <p>
3166         A number controlling the amount of output shown by
3167         the recursive merge strategy.  Overrides merge.verbosity.
3168         See <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>
3169 </p>
3170 </dd>
3171 <dt class="hdlist1">
3172 <code>GIT_PAGER</code>
3173 </dt>
3174 <dd>
3175 <p>
3176         This environment variable overrides <code>$PAGER</code>. If it is set
3177         to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
3178         a pager.  See also the <code>core.pager</code> option in
3179         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3180 </p>
3181 </dd>
3182 <dt class="hdlist1">
3183 <code>GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY</code>
3184 </dt>
3185 <dd>
3186 <p>
3187         A number controlling how many seconds to delay before showing
3188         optional progress indicators. Defaults to 2.
3189 </p>
3190 </dd>
3191 <dt class="hdlist1">
3192 <code>GIT_EDITOR</code>
3193 </dt>
3194 <dd>
3195 <p>
3196         This environment variable overrides <code>$EDITOR</code> and <code>$VISUAL</code>.
3197         It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
3198         an editor is to be launched. See also <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a>
3199         and the <code>core.editor</code> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3200 </p>
3201 </dd>
3202 <dt class="hdlist1">
3203 <code>GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR</code>
3204 </dt>
3205 <dd>
3206 <p>
3207         This environment variable overrides the configured Git editor
3208         when editing the todo list of an interactive rebase. See also
3209         <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> and the <code>sequence.editor</code> option in
3210         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3211 </p>
3212 </dd>
3213 <dt class="hdlist1">
3214 <code>GIT_SSH</code>
3215 </dt>
3216 <dt class="hdlist1">
3217 <code>GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code>
3218 </dt>
3219 <dd>
3220 <p>
3221         If either of these environment variables is set then <em>git fetch</em>
3222         and <em>git push</em> will use the specified command instead of <em>ssh</em>
3223         when they need to connect to a remote system.
3224         The command-line parameters passed to the configured command are
3225         determined by the ssh variant.  See <code>ssh.variant</code> option in
3226         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for details.
3227 </p>
3228 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>$GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code> takes precedence over <code>$GIT_SSH</code>, and is interpreted
3229 by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
3230 <code>$GIT_SSH</code> on the other hand must be just the path to a program
3231 (which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
3232 needed).</p></div>
3233 <div class="paragraph"><p>Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
3234 personal <code>.ssh/config</code> file.  Please consult your ssh documentation
3235 for further details.</p></div>
3236 </dd>
3237 <dt class="hdlist1">
3238 <code>GIT_SSH_VARIANT</code>
3239 </dt>
3240 <dd>
3241 <p>
3242         If this environment variable is set, it overrides Git&#8217;s autodetection
3243         whether <code>GIT_SSH</code>/<code>GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code>/<code>core.sshCommand</code> refer to OpenSSH,
3244         plink or tortoiseplink. This variable overrides the config setting
3245         <code>ssh.variant</code> that serves the same purpose.
3246 </p>
3247 </dd>
3248 <dt class="hdlist1">
3249 <code>GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY</code>
3250 </dt>
3251 <dd>
3252 <p>
3253         Setting and exporting this environment variable to any value
3254         tells Git not to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or
3255         pushing over HTTPS.
3256 </p>
3257 </dd>
3258 <dt class="hdlist1">
3259 <code>GIT_ATTR_SOURCE</code>
3260 </dt>
3261 <dd>
3262 <p>
3263         Sets the treeish that gitattributes will be read from.
3264 </p>
3265 </dd>
3266 <dt class="hdlist1">
3267 <code>GIT_ASKPASS</code>
3268 </dt>
3269 <dd>
3270 <p>
3271         If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
3272         acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
3273         will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
3274         and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the <code>core.askPass</code>
3275         option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
3276 </p>
3277 </dd>
3278 <dt class="hdlist1">
3279 <code>GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT</code>
3280 </dt>
3281 <dd>
3282 <p>
3283         If this Boolean environment variable is set to false, git will not prompt
3284         on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
3285 </p>
3286 </dd>
3287 <dt class="hdlist1">
3288 <code>GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL</code>
3289 </dt>
3290 <dt class="hdlist1">
3291 <code>GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM</code>
3292 </dt>
3293 <dd>
3294 <p>
3295         Take the configuration from the given files instead from global or
3296         system-level configuration files. If <code>GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM</code> is set, the
3297         system config file defined at build time (usually <code>/etc/gitconfig</code>)
3298         will not be read. Likewise, if <code>GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL</code> is set, neither
3299         <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> nor <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config</code> will be read. Can
3300         be set to <code>/dev/null</code> to skip reading configuration files of the
3301         respective level.
3302 </p>
3303 </dd>
3304 <dt class="hdlist1">
3305 <code>GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM</code>
3306 </dt>
3307 <dd>
3308 <p>
3309         Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
3310         <code>$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig</code> file.  This Boolean environment variable can
3311         be used along with <code>$HOME</code> and <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> to create a
3312         predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
3313         to true to temporarily avoid using a buggy <code>/etc/gitconfig</code> file while
3314         waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
3315 </p>
3316 </dd>
3317 <dt class="hdlist1">
3318 <code>GIT_FLUSH</code>
3319 </dt>
3320 <dd>
3321 <p>
3322
3323         If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
3324         as <em>git blame</em> (in incremental mode), <em>git rev-list</em>, <em>git log</em>,
3325         <em>git check-attr</em> and <em>git check-ignore</em> will
3326         force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
3327         flushed. If this
3328         variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
3329         using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
3330         not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
3331         based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
3332 </p>
3333 </dd>
3334 <dt class="hdlist1">
3335 <code>GIT_TRACE</code>
3336 </dt>
3337 <dd>
3338 <p>
3339         Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
3340         command execution and external command execution.
3341 </p>
3342 <div class="paragraph"><p>If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
3343 is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
3344 stderr.</p></div>
3345 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
3346 and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
3347 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
3348 trace messages into this file descriptor.</p></div>
3349 <div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
3350 (starting with a <em>/</em> character), Git will interpret this
3351 as a file path and will try to append the trace messages
3352 to it.</p></div>
3353 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
3354 "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.</p></div>
3355 </dd>
3356 <dt class="hdlist1">
3357 <code>GIT_TRACE_FSMONITOR</code>
3358 </dt>
3359 <dd>
3360 <p>
3361         Enables trace messages for the filesystem monitor extension.
3362         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3363 </p>
3364 </dd>
3365 <dt class="hdlist1">
3366 <code>GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS</code>
3367 </dt>
3368 <dd>
3369 <p>
3370         Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
3371         access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
3372         recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
3373         pack-related performance problems.
3374         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3375 </p>
3376 </dd>
3377 <dt class="hdlist1">
3378 <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKET</code>
3379 </dt>
3380 <dd>
3381 <p>
3382         Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
3383         given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
3384         or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
3385         starting with "PACK" (but see <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE</code> below).
3386         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3387 </p>
3388 </dd>
3389 <dt class="hdlist1">
3390 <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE</code>
3391 </dt>
3392 <dd>
3393 <p>
3394         Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
3395         given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
3396         verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
3397         certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,
3398         <code>GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack</code>) rather than displaying it on
3399         the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.
3400 </p>
3401 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
3402 of clones and fetches.</p></div>
3403 </dd>
3404 <dt class="hdlist1">
3405 <code>GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE</code>
3406 </dt>
3407 <dd>
3408 <p>
3409         Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
3410         time of each Git command.
3411         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3412 </p>
3413 </dd>
3414 <dt class="hdlist1">
3415 <code>GIT_TRACE_REFS</code>
3416 </dt>
3417 <dd>
3418 <p>
3419         Enables trace messages for operations on the ref database.
3420         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3421 </p>
3422 </dd>
3423 <dt class="hdlist1">
3424 <code>GIT_TRACE_SETUP</code>
3425 </dt>
3426 <dd>
3427 <p>
3428         Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
3429         working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
3430         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3431 </p>
3432 </dd>
3433 <dt class="hdlist1">
3434 <code>GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW</code>
3435 </dt>
3436 <dd>
3437 <p>
3438         Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
3439         cloning of shallow repositories.
3440         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3441 </p>
3442 </dd>
3443 <dt class="hdlist1">
3444 <code>GIT_TRACE_CURL</code>
3445 </dt>
3446 <dd>
3447 <p>
3448         Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
3449         including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
3450         This is similar to doing curl <code>--trace-ascii</code> on the command line.
3451         See <code>GIT_TRACE</code> for available trace output options.
3452 </p>
3453 </dd>
3454 <dt class="hdlist1">
3455 <code>GIT_TRACE_CURL_NO_DATA</code>
3456 </dt>
3457 <dd>
3458 <p>
3459         When a curl trace is enabled (see <code>GIT_TRACE_CURL</code> above), do not dump
3460         data (that is, only dump info lines and headers).
3461 </p>
3462 </dd>
3463 <dt class="hdlist1">
3464 <code>GIT_TRACE2</code>
3465 </dt>
3466 <dd>
3467 <p>
3468         Enables more detailed trace messages from the "trace2" library.
3469         Output from <code>GIT_TRACE2</code> is a simple text-based format for human
3470         readability.
3471 </p>
3472 <div class="paragraph"><p>If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
3473 is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
3474 stderr.</p></div>
3475 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
3476 and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
3477 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
3478 trace messages into this file descriptor.</p></div>
3479 <div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
3480 (starting with a <em>/</em> character), Git will interpret this
3481 as a file path and will try to append the trace messages
3482 to it.  If the path already exists and is a directory, the
3483 trace messages will be written to files (one per process)
3484 in that directory, named according to the last component
3485 of the SID and an optional counter (to avoid filename
3486 collisions).</p></div>
3487 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, if the variable is set to
3488 <code>af_unix:[&lt;socket_type&gt;:]&lt;absolute-pathname&gt;</code>, Git will try
3489 to open the path as a Unix Domain Socket.  The socket type
3490 can be either <code>stream</code> or <code>dgram</code>.</p></div>
3491 <div class="paragraph"><p>Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
3492 "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.</p></div>
3493 <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">Trace2 documentation</a>
3494 for full details.</p></div>
3495 </dd>
3496 <dt class="hdlist1">
3497 <code>GIT_TRACE2_EVENT</code>
3498 </dt>
3499 <dd>
3500 <p>
3501         This setting writes a JSON-based format that is suited for machine
3502         interpretation.
3503         See <code>GIT_TRACE2</code> for available trace output options and
3504         <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">Trace2 documentation</a> for full details.
3505 </p>
3506 </dd>
3507 <dt class="hdlist1">
3508 <code>GIT_TRACE2_PERF</code>
3509 </dt>
3510 <dd>
3511 <p>
3512         In addition to the text-based messages available in <code>GIT_TRACE2</code>, this
3513         setting writes a column-based format for understanding nesting
3514         regions.
3515         See <code>GIT_TRACE2</code> for available trace output options and
3516         <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">Trace2 documentation</a> for full details.
3517 </p>
3518 </dd>
3519 <dt class="hdlist1">
3520 <code>GIT_TRACE_REDACT</code>
3521 </dt>
3522 <dd>
3523 <p>
3524         By default, when tracing is activated, Git redacts the values of
3525         cookies, the "Authorization:" header, the "Proxy-Authorization:"
3526         header and packfile URIs. Set this Boolean environment variable to false to prevent this
3527         redaction.
3528 </p>
3529 </dd>
3530 <dt class="hdlist1">
3531 <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS</code>
3532 </dt>
3533 <dd>
3534 <p>
3535         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3536         pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
3537         running <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'</code> will search
3538         for commits that touch the path <code>*.c</code>, not any paths that the
3539         glob <code>*.c</code> matches. You might want this if you are feeding
3540         literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
3541         <code>git ls-tree</code>, <code>--raw</code> diff output, etc).
3542 </p>
3543 </dd>
3544 <dt class="hdlist1">
3545 <code>GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS</code>
3546 </dt>
3547 <dd>
3548 <p>
3549         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3550         pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
3551 </p>
3552 </dd>
3553 <dt class="hdlist1">
3554 <code>GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS</code>
3555 </dt>
3556 <dd>
3557 <p>
3558         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3559         pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
3560 </p>
3561 </dd>
3562 <dt class="hdlist1">
3563 <code>GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS</code>
3564 </dt>
3565 <dd>
3566 <p>
3567         Setting this Boolean environment variable to true will cause Git to treat all
3568         pathspecs as case-insensitive.
3569 </p>
3570 </dd>
3571 <dt class="hdlist1">
3572 <code>GIT_REFLOG_ACTION</code>
3573 </dt>
3574 <dd>
3575 <p>
3576         When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
3577         track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
3578         typically the name of the high-level command that updated
3579         the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
3580         A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
3581         helper function in <code>git-sh-setup</code> to set its name to this
3582         variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
3583         end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
3584 </p>
3585 </dd>
3586 <dt class="hdlist1">
3587 <code>GIT_REF_PARANOIA</code>
3588 </dt>
3589 <dd>
3590 <p>
3591         If this Boolean environment variable is set to false, ignore broken or badly named refs when iterating
3592         over lists of refs. Normally Git will try to include any such
3593         refs, which may cause some operations to fail. This is usually
3594         preferable, as potentially destructive operations (e.g.,
3595         <a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a>) are better off aborting rather than
3596         ignoring broken refs (and thus considering the history they
3597         point to as not worth saving). The default value is <code>1</code> (i.e.,
3598         be paranoid about detecting and aborting all operations). You
3599         should not normally need to set this to <code>0</code>, but it may be
3600         useful when trying to salvage data from a corrupted repository.
3601 </p>
3602 </dd>
3603 <dt class="hdlist1">
3604 <code>GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL</code>
3605 </dt>
3606 <dd>
3607 <p>
3608         If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if
3609         <code>protocol.allow</code> is set to <code>never</code>, and each of the listed
3610         protocols has <code>protocol.&lt;name&gt;.allow</code> set to <code>always</code>
3611         (overriding any existing configuration). See the description of
3612         <code>protocol.allow</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.
3613 </p>
3614 </dd>
3615 <dt class="hdlist1">
3616 <code>GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER</code>
3617 </dt>
3618 <dd>
3619 <p>
3620         Set this Boolean environment variable to false to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are
3621         configured to the <code>user</code> state.  This is useful to restrict recursive
3622         submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs
3623         which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands.  See
3624         <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.
3625 </p>
3626 </dd>
3627 <dt class="hdlist1">
3628 <code>GIT_PROTOCOL</code>
3629 </dt>
3630 <dd>
3631 <p>
3632         For internal use only.  Used in handshaking the wire protocol.
3633         Contains a colon <em>:</em> separated list of keys with optional values
3634         <em>key[=value]</em>.  Presence of unknown keys and values must be
3635         ignored.
3636 </p>
3637 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that servers may need to be configured to allow this variable to
3638 pass over some transports. It will be propagated automatically when
3639 accessing local repositories (i.e., <code>file://</code> or a filesystem path), as
3640 well as over the <code>git://</code> protocol. For git-over-http, it should work
3641 automatically in most configurations, but see the discussion in
3642 <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>. For git-over-ssh, the ssh server may need
3643 to be configured to allow clients to pass this variable (e.g., by using
3644 <code>AcceptEnv GIT_PROTOCOL</code> with OpenSSH).</p></div>
3645 <div class="paragraph"><p>This configuration is optional. If the variable is not propagated, then
3646 clients will fall back to the original "v0" protocol (but may miss out
3647 on some performance improvements or features). This variable currently
3648 only affects clones and fetches; it is not yet used for pushes (but may
3649 be in the future).</p></div>
3650 </dd>
3651 <dt class="hdlist1">
3652 <code>GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS</code>
3653 </dt>
3654 <dd>
3655 <p>
3656         If this Boolean environment variable is set to false, Git will complete any requested operation without
3657         performing any optional sub-operations that require taking a lock.
3658         For example, this will prevent <code>git status</code> from refreshing the
3659         index as a side effect. This is useful for processes running in
3660         the background which do not want to cause lock contention with
3661         other operations on the repository.  Defaults to <code>1</code>.
3662 </p>
3663 </dd>
3664 <dt class="hdlist1">
3665 <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN</code>
3666 </dt>
3667 <dt class="hdlist1">
3668 <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT</code>
3669 </dt>
3670 <dt class="hdlist1">
3671 <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR</code>
3672 </dt>
3673 <dd>
3674 <p>
3675         Windows-only: allow redirecting the standard input/output/error
3676         handles to paths specified by the environment variables. This is
3677         particularly useful in multi-threaded applications where the
3678         canonical way to pass standard handles via <code>CreateProcess()</code> is
3679         not an option because it would require the handles to be marked
3680         inheritable (and consequently <strong>every</strong> spawned process would
3681         inherit them, possibly blocking regular Git operations). The
3682         primary intended use case is to use named pipes for communication
3683         (e.g. <code>\\.\pipe\my-git-stdin-123</code>).
3684 </p>
3685 <div class="paragraph"><p>Two special values are supported: <code>off</code> will simply close the
3686 corresponding standard handle, and if <code>GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR</code> is
3687 <code>2&gt;&amp;1</code>, standard error will be redirected to the same handle as
3688 standard output.</p></div>
3689 </dd>
3690 <dt class="hdlist1">
3691 <code>GIT_PRINT_SHA1_ELLIPSIS</code> (deprecated)
3692 </dt>
3693 <dd>
3694 <p>
3695         If set to <code>yes</code>, print an ellipsis following an
3696         (abbreviated) SHA-1 value.  This affects indications of
3697         detached HEADs (<a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>) and the raw
3698         diff output (<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>).  Printing an
3699         ellipsis in the cases mentioned is no longer considered
3700         adequate and support for it is likely to be removed in the
3701         foreseeable future (along with the variable).
3702 </p>
3703 </dd>
3704 </dl></div>
3705 </div>
3706 </div>
3707 </div>
3708 <div class="sect1">
3709 <h2 id="_discussion_a_id_discussion_a">Discussion<a id="Discussion"></a></h2>
3710 <div class="sectionbody">
3711 <div class="paragraph"><p>More detail on the following is available from the
3712 <a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">Git concepts chapter of the
3713 user-manual</a> and <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>.</p></div>
3714 <div class="paragraph"><p>A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
3715 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
3716 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
3717 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
3718 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
3719 as tags and branch heads.</p></div>
3720 <div class="paragraph"><p>The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
3721 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
3722 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
3723 and some number of parent commits.</p></div>
3724 <div class="paragraph"><p>The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
3725 "version", represents a step in the project&#8217;s history, and each parent
3726 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
3727 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.</p></div>
3728 <div class="paragraph"><p>All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
3729 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
3730 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
3731 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
3732 purpose.</p></div>
3733 <div class="paragraph"><p>When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
3734 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".</p></div>
3735 <div class="paragraph"><p>Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
3736 may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
3737 with names beginning <code>ref/head/</code> contain the SHA-1 name of the most
3738 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
3739 tags of interest are stored under <code>ref/tags/</code>.  A special ref named
3740 <code>HEAD</code> contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.</p></div>
3741 <div class="paragraph"><p>The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
3742 path, a blob object and a set of attributes.  The blob object represents
3743 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch.  The
3744 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
3745 corresponding file in the working tree.  Subsequent changes to the
3746 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes.  The index may
3747 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
3748 content stored in the index.</p></div>
3749 <div class="paragraph"><p>The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
3750 for a given pathname.  These stages are used to hold the various
3751 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.</p></div>
3752 </div>
3753 </div>
3754 <div class="sect1">
3755 <h2 id="_further_documentation">FURTHER DOCUMENTATION</h2>
3756 <div class="sectionbody">
3757 <div class="paragraph"><p>See the references in the "description" section to get started
3758 using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
3759 for a first-time user.</p></div>
3760 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">Git concepts chapter of the
3761 user-manual</a> and <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a> both provide
3762 introductions to the underlying Git architecture.</p></div>
3763 <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a> for an overview of recommended workflows.</p></div>
3764 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also the <a href="howto-index.html">howto</a> documents for some useful
3765 examples.</p></div>
3766 <div class="paragraph"><p>The internals are documented in the
3767 <a href="technical/api-index.html">Git API documentation</a>.</p></div>
3768 <div class="paragraph"><p>Users migrating from CVS may also want to
3769 read <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>.</p></div>
3770 </div>
3771 </div>
3772 <div class="sect1">
3773 <h2 id="_authors">Authors</h2>
3774 <div class="sectionbody">
3775 <div class="paragraph"><p>Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
3776 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
3777 &lt;<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>&gt;.  <a href="http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary">http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary</a>
3778 gives you a more complete list of contributors.</p></div>
3779 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
3780 output of <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> and <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a> can show you
3781 the authors for specific parts of the project.</p></div>
3782 </div>
3783 </div>
3784 <div class="sect1">
3785 <h2 id="_reporting_bugs">Reporting Bugs</h2>
3786 <div class="sectionbody">
3787 <div class="paragraph"><p>Report bugs to the Git mailing list &lt;<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>&gt; where the
3788 development and maintenance is primarily done.  You do not have to be
3789 subscribed to the list to send a message there.  See the list archive
3790 at <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git">https://lore.kernel.org/git</a> for previous bug reports and other
3791 discussions.</p></div>
3792 <div class="paragraph"><p>Issues which are security relevant should be disclosed privately to
3793 the Git Security mailing list &lt;<a href="mailto:git-security@googlegroups.com">git-security@googlegroups.com</a>&gt;.</p></div>
3794 </div>
3795 </div>
3796 <div class="sect1">
3797 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
3798 <div class="sectionbody">
3799 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>, <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>,
3800 <a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>, <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>,
3801 <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>, <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>,
3802 <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a>, <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a>,
3803 <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a></p></div>
3804 </div>
3805 </div>
3806 <div class="sect1">
3807 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
3808 <div class="sectionbody">
3809 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
3810 </div>
3811 </div>
3812 </div>
3813 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
3814 <div id="footer">
3815 <div id="footer-text">
3816 Last updated
3817  2023-08-07 14:08:40 PDT
3818 </div>
3819 </div>
3820 </body>
3821 </html>