lisp/leim/quail/ipa.el

   1 ;;; ipa.el --- Quail package for inputting IPA characters  -*-coding: utf-8;-*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
   5 ;;   2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
   6 ;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
   7 ;;   Registration Number H14PRO021
   8 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   9
  10 ;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA
  11
  12 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
  13
  14 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  15 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  16 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  17 ;; (at your option) any later version.
  18
  19 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  20 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  21 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  22 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  23
  24 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  25 ;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  26
  27 ;;; Commentary:
  28
  29 ;;; Code:
  30
  31 (require 'quail)
  32 (eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))
  33
  34 (quail-define-package
  35  "ipa" "IPA" "IPA" t
  36  "International Phonetic Alphabet for English, French, German and Italian
  37
  38 Upside-down characters are obtained by a preceding slash (/)."
  39  nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
  40
  41 (quail-define-rules
  42  ("i" ?i)
  43  ("I" ?ɪ)
  44  ("e" ?e)
  45  ("/3" ?ɛ)
  46  ("E" ?ɛ)
  47  ("ae" ?æ)
  48  ("a" ?a)
  49  ("i-" ?ɨ)
  50  ("/e" ?ə)
  51  ("/a" ?ɐ)
  52  ("/m" ?ɯ)
  53  ("&" ?ɤ)
  54  ("/v" ?ʌ)
  55  ("A" ?ɑ)
  56  ("o|" ?ɑ)
  57  ("y" ?y)
  58  ("Y" ?ʏ)
  59  ("o/" ?ø)
  60  ("oe" ?œ)
  61  ("OE" ?ɶ)
  62  ("u-" ?ʉ)
  63  ("o-" ?ɵ)
  64  ("u" ?u)
  65  ("U" ?ʊ)
  66  ("o" ?o)
  67  ("/c" ?ɔ)
  68  ("/A" ?ɒ)
  69  ("|o" ?ɒ)
  70  ("e-" ?ɚ)
  71  ("e|" ?ɚ)
  72  ("/3~" ["ɛ̃"])
  73  ("E~" ["ɛ̃"])
  74  ("A~" ["ɑ̃"])
  75  ("oe~" ["œ̃"])
  76  ("/c~" ["ɔ̃"])
  77  ("p" ?p)
  78  ("b" ?b)
  79  ("t" ?t)
  80  ("d" ?d)
  81  ("k" ?k)
  82  ("g" ?ɡ)
  83  ("f" ?f)
  84  ("v" ?v)
  85  ("th" ?θ)
  86  ("dh" ?ð)
  87  ("s" ?s)
  88  ("z" ?z)
  89  ("sh" ?ʃ)
  90  ("tsh" ["ʧ" "tʃ" "t⁀ʃ"])
  91  ("zh" ?ʒ)
  92  ("3" ?ʒ)
  93  ("c," ?ç)
  94  ("x" ?x)
  95  ("/R" ?ʁ)
  96  ("h" ?h)
  97  ("m" ?m)
  98  ("n" ?n)
  99  ("gn" ?ɲ)
 100  ("ng" ?ŋ)
 101  ("r" ?r)
 102  ("R" ?ʀ)
 103  ("/r" ?ɹ)
 104  ("j" ?j)
 105  ("l" ?l)
 106  ("/y" ?ʎ)
 107  ("L" ?ʟ)
 108  ("/h" ?ɥ)
 109  ("w" ?w)
 110  ("M" ?ʍ)
 111  ("'" ?ˈ)
 112  ("`" ?ˌ)
 113  (":" ?ː))
 114
 115 (quail-define-package
 116  "ipa-kirshenbaum" "IPA" "IPA-K" t
 117  "The International Phonetic Alphabet, using Kirshenbaum ASCII translit.
 118
 119 Kirshenbaum IPA is an ASCII transliteration of the phonetic alphabet, common
 120 in the Usenet groups `sci.lang' and `alt.usage.english'.  This input method
 121 allows you to type Kirshenbaum on your ASCII-capable keyboard, producing the
 122 corresponding actual IPA characters in your editor.
 123
 124 See http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf for full details of the
 125 transliteration.
 126
 127 A caveat with regard to that document; while XEmacs currently preserves
 128 Unicode diacritics on reading and emitting them, it displays them,
 129 incorrectly, as separate from the modified glyphs.")
 130
 131 (quail-define-rules
 132  ("g" "ɡ")     ;; Voiced velar plosive                 U+0261
 133  ("r" "ɹ")     ;; Alveolar approximant                 U+0279
 134  ("A" "ɑ")     ;; Low back unrounded vowel             U+0251
 135  ("B" "β")     ;; Voiced bilabial fricative            U+03B2
 136  ("C" "ç")     ;; Voiced palatal fricative             U+00E7
 137  ("D" "ð")     ;; Voiced dental fricative              U+00F0
 138  ("E" "ɛ")     ;; Lower-mid front unrounded vowel      U+025B
 139  ("G" "ɢ")     ;; Voiced uvular stop                   U+0262
 140  ("H" "ħ")     ;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative          U+0127
 141  ("I" "ɪ")     ;; Semi-high front unrounded vowel      U+026A
 142  ("J" "ɟ")     ;; Voiced palatal stop                  U+025F
 143  ("L" ["ɫ"     ;; Voiced velar lateral                 U+026B
 144        "ʟ"     ;; Voiced velar lateral                 U+029F
 145        "ɬ"])   ;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative    U+026C
 146  ("M" "ɱ")     ;; Labio-dental nasal                   U+0271
 147  ("N" "ŋ")     ;; Velar nasal                          U+014B
 148  ("O" "ɔ")     ;; Low-mid back rounded vowel           U+0254
 149  ("P" "ɸ")     ;; Voiceless bilabial fricative         U+0278
 150  ("Q" "ɣ")     ;; Voiced velar fricative               U+0263
 151  ("R" ["ʀ"     ;; Alveolar trill                       U+0280
 152        "ɚ"])    ;; Rhotacized schwa                    U+025A
 153  ("@<r>" "ɚ")  ;; Mid central rhotacized vowel         U+025A
 154  ("S" "ʃ")     ;; Voiceless postalveolar fricative     U+0283
 155  ("tS" ["ʧ"    ;; Voiceless postalveolar affricate     U+02A7
 156         "tʃ"   ;;                               U+0074 U+0283
 157         "t⁀ʃ"]) ;;                        U+0074 U+2040 U+0283
 158  ("T" "θ")     ;; Voiceless dental fricative           U+03B8
 159  ("U" "ʊ")     ;; Semi-high back rounded vowel         U+028A
 160  ("V" "ʌ")     ;; Low-mid back unrounded vowel         U+028C
 161  ("W" "œ")     ;; Low-mid front rounded vowel          U+0153
 162  ("X" "χ")     ;; Voiceless uvular fricative           U+03C7
 163  ("Y" "ø")     ;; Upper-mid front rounded vowel        U+00F8
 164  ("Z" "ʒ")     ;; Voiced postalveolar fricative        U+0292
 165  ("?" "ʔ")     ;; Glottal stop                         U+0294
 166  ("@" "ə")     ;; Mid central unrounded vowel (schwa)  U+0259
 167  ("&" "æ")     ;; Low front unrounded vowel            U+00E6
 168  ("*" "ɾ")     ;; Voiced alveolar flap                 U+027E
 169
 170  ("a~" "ã")    ;; Low central unrounded vowel, nasal   U+00E3
 171  ("o~" "õ")    ;; Upper-mid back rounded vowel, nasal  U+00F5
 172  ("u~" "ũ")    ;; High back rounded vowel, nasal       U+0169
 173  ("~" "̃")     ;; +Nasalized modifier                  U+0303
 174  (":" "ː")     ;; +Long modifier                       U+02D0
 175  ("-" "̩")     ;; +Syllabic modifier                   U+0329
 176  ("." "̣")     ;; +Retroflex modifier                  U+0323
 177  ("`" "ʼ")     ;; +Ejective modifier                   U+02BC
 178  ("[" "̪")     ;; +Dental modifier                     U+032A
 179  (";" "ʲ")     ;; +Palatalized modifier                U+02B2
 180  ("<H>" "̴")   ;; +Pharyngealized modifier             U+0334
 181  ("<h>" "ʰ")   ;; +Aspirated modifier                  U+02B0
 182  ("<o>" ["̥"   ;; +Voiceless modifier                  U+0325
 183          "˚"]) ;; +Unexploded modifier                 U+02DA
 184  ("<r>" "ʳ")   ;; +Rhotacized modifier                 U+02B3
 185  ("<w>" "ʷ")   ;; +Labialized modifier                 U+02B7
 186  ("<?>" "ʱ")   ;; +Murmured modifier                   U+02B1
 187
 188  ("b<trl>" "ʙ")        ;; Bilabial trill                       U+0299
 189  ("b`" "ɓ")    ;; Bilabial implosive                   U+0253
 190  ("p!" "ʘ")    ;; Bilabial click                       U+0298
 191  ("r<lbd>" "ʋ")        ;; Labio-dental approximant             U+028B
 192  ("d`" "ɗ")    ;; Dental implosive                     U+0257
 193  ("t!" "ʇ")    ;; Dental click                         U+0287
 194  ("s<lat>" "ɬ")        ;; Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative U+026C
 195  ("z<lat>" "ɮ")        ;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative    U+026E
 196  ("r<trl>" "ʀ")        ;; Alveolar trill                       U+0280
 197
 198  ("*<lat>" "ɺ")        ;; Voiced alveolar lateral flap         U+027A
 199  ("c!" "ʗ")    ;; Alveolar click                       U+0297
 200  ("l!" "ʖ")    ;; Alveolar lateral click               U+0296
 201  ("n." "ɳ")    ;; Retroflex nasal                      U+0273
 202  ("t." "ʈ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex stop             U+0288
 203  ("d." "ɖ")    ;; Voiced retroflex stop                U+0256
 204  ("s." "ʂ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex fricative        U+0282
 205  ("z." "ʐ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex fricative        U+0290
 206  ("r." "ɻ")    ;; Retroflex approximant                U+027B
 207  ("l." "ɭ")    ;; Retroflex lateral                    U+026D
 208  ("*." "ɽ")    ;; Retroflex flap                       U+027D
 209
 210  ("C<vcd>" "ʝ")        ;; Voiced palatal fricative             U+029D
 211  ("j<rnd>" "ɥ")        ;; Rounded palatal approximant          U+0265
 212  ("l^" "ʎ")    ;; Palatal lateral                      U+028E
 213  ("J`" "ʄ")    ;; Palatal implosive                    U+0284
 214  ("j<vel>" "ɰ")        ;; Velar approximant                    U+0270
 215  ("g`" "ɠ")    ;; Velar implosive                      U+0260
 216  ("k!" "ʞ")    ;; Velar click                          U+029E
 217
 218  ("n<lbv>" ["n⁀g"]) ;; Labio-velar nasal
 219  ("t<lbv>" ["k⁀p"]) ;; Voiceless labio-velar stop
 220
 221  ;; "n<lbv> for "gb" WITH U+2030 CHARACTER TIE was ambiguous and
 222  ;; misleading. I _believe_ this is what was meant instead.
 223  ("d<lbv>" ["g⁀b"]) ;; Voiced labio-velar stop.
 224
 225  ("w<vls>" "ʍ")        ;; Voiceless labio-velar stop           U+028D
 226  ("n\"" "ɴ")   ;; Uvular nasal                         U+0274
 227  ("g\"" "ʁ")   ;; Voiced uvular fricative              U+0281
 228  ("r\"" "ʀ")   ;; Uvular trill                         U+0280
 229  ("G`" "ʛ")    ;; Voiced uvular implosive              U+029B
 230  ("H<vcd>" "ʕ")        ;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative          U+0295
 231
 232  ("h<?>" "ɦ")  ;; Murmured glottal fricative           U+0266
 233  ("I." "ʏ")    ;; Semi-high front rounded vowel        U+028F
 234  ("&." "ɶ")    ;; Low front unrounded vowel            U+0276
 235
 236  ("i\"" "ɨ")   ;; High central unrounded vowel         U+0268
 237  ("u\"" "ʉ")   ;; High central rounded vowel           U+0289
 238  ("@<umd>" "ɘ")        ;; Upper-mid central unrounded vowel    U+0258
 239
 240  ("R<umd>" "ɝ")        ;; Upper-mid central rhotacized vowel   U+025D
 241
 242  ("@." "ɵ")    ;; Mid central rounded vowel            U+0275
 243  ("V\"" "ɜ")   ;; Lower-mid central unrounded vowel    U+025C
 244  ("O\"" "ɞ")   ;; Lower-mid central rounded vowel      U+025E
 245  ("u-" "ɯ")    ;; High back unrounded vowel            U+026F
 246  ("o-" "ɤ")    ;; Upper-mid back unrounded vowel       U+0264
 247  ("A." "ɒ"))   ;; Lower back rounded vowel             U+0252
 248
 249
 250 (defconst ipa-x-sampa-implosive-submap
 251   '(("b_<"   ?ɓ)   ;; Voiced bilabial implosive U+0253
 252     ("d_<"   ?ɗ)   ;; Voiced alveolar implosive U+0257
 253     ("g_<"   ?ɠ)   ;; Voiced velar implosive    U+0260
 254     ("G\\_<" ?ʛ)   ;; Voiced uvular implosive   U+029B
 255     ("J\\_<" ?ʄ))  ;; Voiced palatal implosive  U+0284
 256   "A map from the X-SAMPA for some implosive consonants to characters.
 257 This is used because their X-SAMPA syntax is quasi-diacritic, but the
 258 corresponding Unicode characters themselves don't have diacritics, they are
 259 separate code points.  So we need to implement some extra logic that isn't
 260 normally provided by Quail.")
 261
 262 ;; On XEmacs, with the supplied X-SAMPA data, this function is capably
 263 ;; implemented with:
 264 ;;
 265 ;;   (list (vector (concat to-prepend quail-keymap)))
 266 ;;
 267 ;; Supporting GNU Emacs too makes it a good deal more complicated.
 268
 269 (defun ipa-x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry (to-prepend quail-keymap)
 270   "Return QUAIL-KEYMAP with TO-PREPEND at the beginning of each result.
 271
 272 QUAIL-KEYMAP is a cons that satisfies `quail-map-p'; TO-PREPEND is a
 273 string."
 274   (when (consp quail-keymap) (setq quail-keymap (cdr quail-keymap)))
 275   (if (or (integerp quail-keymap)
 276           (and (fboundp 'characterp) (characterp quail-keymap)))
 277       (setq quail-keymap (list (string quail-keymap)))
 278     (if (stringp quail-keymap)
 279         (setq quail-keymap (list quail-keymap))
 280       (cl-assert (vectorp quail-keymap) t)
 281       (setq quail-keymap (append quail-keymap nil))))
 282   (list
 283    (apply 'vector
 284           (mapcar
 285            #'(lambda (entry)
 286                (cl-assert (char-or-string-p entry) t)
 287                (format "%s%s" to-prepend
 288                        (if (integerp entry) (string entry) entry)))
 289            quail-keymap))))
 290
 291 (defun ipa-x-sampa-underscore-implosive (input-string length)
 292   "Return keymap with IPA implosives, for INPUT-STRING, length LENGTH.
 293
 294 The implosive consonants in X-SAMPA are represented with more or less a
 295 diacritic syntax, but the property +implosive in the IPA is expressed using
 296 separate characters, and not using a diacritic.  This function works around
 297 the confusion that implies when generating IPA from X-SAMPA; it returns a
 298 Quail map that is a copy of the map for `_', but with all the DIACRITIC
 299 entries changed to return the diacritic together with the base character,
 300 and with the map to the implosive added to its end.
 301
 302 Like all `quail-defrule'-assigned functions, this will be called once for
 303 each particular sequence of keys, the first time the user types that
 304 particular sequence of keys, and the result will be cached by Quail."
 305   (let* ((input-string (substring input-string 0 (or length)))
 306          (underscore-map (copy-tree (quail-lookup-key "_")))
 307          (split-input (split-string input-string "_"))
 308          (pre-underscore (car split-input))
 309          (pre-underscore-map (quail-lookup-key pre-underscore))
 310          (x-sampa-submap-entry
 311           (assoc (format "%s<" input-string) ipa-x-sampa-implosive-submap))
 312          underscore-map-entry)
 313     (if (and (consp pre-underscore-map) (car pre-underscore-map))
 314         (setq pre-underscore-map (car pre-underscore-map))
 315       (setq pre-underscore-map pre-underscore))
 316     (unless (stringp pre-underscore-map)
 317       (setq pre-underscore-map (string pre-underscore-map)))
 318     (dolist (underscoring underscore-map)
 319       (cond ((null underscoring))
 320             ((eq (length underscoring) 2)
 321              (setq underscore-map-entry (cl-second underscoring))
 322              (setcdr underscoring (ipa-x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry
 323                                    pre-underscore-map underscore-map-entry)))
 324             ((eq (length underscoring) 3)
 325              (setq underscore-map-entry (cl-second (cl-third underscoring)))
 326              (setcdr (cl-third underscoring)
 327                      (ipa-x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry
 328                       pre-underscore-map underscore-map-entry)))
 329             (t
 330              (cl-assert (null t) t
 331                         "Can't handle subtrees of this level right now."))))
 332     (append underscore-map (list (list ?< (cl-second x-sampa-submap-entry))))))
 333
 334 (quail-define-package
 335  "ipa-x-sampa" "IPA" "IPA-X" t
 336  "The International Phonetic Alphabet, using J.C. Wells' X-SAMPA.
 337
 338 X-SAMPA is an ASCII transliteration of the IPA, normally used for data
 339 exchange in environments where Unicode is not available.  This input method
 340 uses this transliteration to allow you to produce the IPA in your editor
 341 with a keyboard that's limited to ASCII.
 342
 343 See http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf for a full definition
 344 of the mapping.  A caveat with regard to that document; while XEmacs
 345 currently preserves Unicode diacritics on reading and emitting them, it
 346 displays them, incorrectly, as separate from the modified glyphs.")
 347
 348 (quail-define-rules
 349  ;; Table taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA, checked with
 350  ;; http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf
 351
 352  ("d`" "ɖ")    ;; Voiced retroflex plosive             U+0256
 353  ("g" "ɡ")     ;; Voiced velar plosive                 U+0261
 354  ("h\\" "ɦ")   ;; Voiced glottal fricative             U+0266
 355  ("j\\" "ʝ")   ;; Voiced palatal fricative             U+029D
 356  ("l`" "ɭ")    ;; Retroflex lateral approximant        U+026D
 357  ("l\\" "ɺ")   ;; Alveolar lateral flap                U+027A
 358  ("n`" "ɳ")    ;; Retroflex nasal                      U+0273
 359  ("p\\" "ɸ")   ;; Voiceless bilabial fricative         U+0278
 360  ("r`" "ɽ")    ;; Retroflex flap                       U+027D
 361  ("r\\" "ɹ")   ;; Alveolar approximant                 U+0279
 362  ("r\\`" "ɻ")  ;; Retroflex approximant                U+027B
 363  ("s`" "ʂ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex fricative        U+0282
 364  ("s\\" "ɕ")   ;; Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative  U+0255
 365  ("t`" "ʈ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex plosive          U+0288
 366  ("v\\" "ʋ")   ;; Labiodental approximant              U+028B
 367  ("x\\" "ɧ")   ;; Voiceless palatal-velar fricative    U+0267
 368  ("z`" "ʐ")    ;; Voiced retroflex fricative           U+0290
 369  ("z\\" "ʑ")   ;; Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative     U+0291
 370  ("A" "ɑ")     ;; Open back unrounded vowel            U+0251
 371  ("B" "β")     ;; Voiced bilabial fricative            U+03B2
 372  ("B\\" "ʙ")   ;; Bilabial trill                       U+0299
 373  ("C" "ç")     ;; Voiceless palatal fricative          U+00E7
 374  ("D" "ð")     ;; Voiced dental fricative              U+00F0
 375  ("E" "ɛ")     ;; Open-mid front unrounded vowel       U+025B
 376  ("F" "ɱ")     ;; Labiodental nasal                    U+0271
 377  ("G" "ɣ")     ;; Voiced velar fricative               U+0263
 378  ("G\\" "ɢ")   ;; Voiced uvular plosive                U+0262
 379  ("H" "ɥ")     ;; Labial-palatal approximant           U+0265
 380  ("H\\" "ʜ")   ;; Voiceless epiglottal fricative       U+029C
 381  ("I" "ɪ")     ;; Near-close near-front unrounded vowel        U+026A
 382  ("I\\" "Ɨ")   ;; Central lax close unrounded vowel    U+0197
 383  ("J" "ɲ")     ;; Palatal nasal                        U+0272
 384  ("J\\" "ɟ")   ;; Voiceless palatal plosive            U+025F
 385  ("K" "ɬ")     ;; Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative U+026C
 386  ("K\\" "ɮ")   ;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative    U+026E
 387  ("L" "ʎ")     ;; Palatal lateral approximant          U+028E
 388  ("L\\" "ʟ")   ;; Velar lateral approximant            U+029F
 389  ("M" "ɯ")     ;; Close back unrounded vowel           U+026F
 390  ("M\\" "ɰ")   ;; Velar approximant                    U+0270
 391  ("N" "ŋ")     ;; Velar nasal                          U+014B
 392  ("N\\" "ɴ")   ;; Uvular nasal                         U+0274
 393  ("O" "ɔ")     ;; Open-mid back rounded vowel          U+0254
 394  ("O\\" "ʘ")   ;; Bilabial click                       U+0298
 395  ("P" "ʋ")     ;; Labiodental approximant              U+028B
 396  ("Q" "ɒ")     ;; Open back rounded vowel              U+0252
 397  ("R" "ʁ")     ;; Voiced uvular fricative              U+0281
 398  ("R\\" "ʀ")   ;; Uvular trill                         U+0280
 399  ("S" "ʃ")     ;; Voiceless postalveolar fricative     U+0283
 400  ("tS" ["ʧ"    ;; Voiceless postalveolar affricate     U+02A7
 401         "tʃ"   ;;                               U+0074 U+0283
 402         "t⁀ʃ"]) ;;                        U+0074 U+2040 U+0283
 403  ("T" "θ")     ;; Voiceless dental fricative           U+03B8
 404  ("U" "ʊ")     ;; Near-close near-back rounded vowel   U+028A
 405  ("U\\" ["ʊ̵"])       ;; Central lax close rounded vowel, U+028A U+0335
 406  ("V" "ʌ")     ;; Open-mid back unrounded vowel        U+028C
 407  ("W" "ʍ")     ;; Voiceless labial-velar fricative     U+028D
 408  ("X" "χ")     ;; Voiceless uvular fricative           U+03C7
 409  ("X\\" "ħ")   ;; Voiceless pharyngeal fricative       U+0127
 410  ("Y" "ʏ")     ;; Near-close near-front rounded vowel  U+028F
 411  ("Z" "ʒ")     ;; Voiced postalveolar fricative        U+0292
 412
 413  ("\"" "ˈ")    ;; Primary stress                       U+02C8
 414  ("%" "ˌ")     ;; Secondary stress                     U+02CC
 415  (":" "ː")     ;; Long                                 U+02D0
 416  (":\\" "ˑ")   ;; Half-long                            U+02D1
 417  ("@" "ə")     ;; Schwa                                U+0259
 418  ("@\\" "ɘ")   ;; Close-mid central unrounded vowel    U+0258
 419  ("@`" "ɚ")    ;; Rhotacized schwa                     U+025A
 420  ("{" "æ")     ;; Near-open front unrounded vowel      U+00E6
 421  ("}" "ʉ")     ;; Close central rounded vowel          U+0289
 422  ("1" "ɨ")     ;; Close central unrounded vowel        U+0268
 423  ("2" "ø")     ;; Close-mid front rounded vowel        U+00F8
 424  ("3" "ɜ")     ;; Open-mid central unrounded vowel     U+025C
 425  ("3\\" "ɞ")   ;; Open-mid central rounded vowel       U+025E
 426  ("4" "ɾ")     ;; Alveolar flap                        U+027E
 427  ("5" "ɫ")     ;; Velarized alveolar lateral approximant       U+026B
 428  ("6" "ɐ")     ;; Near-open central vowel              U+0250
 429  ("7" "ɤ")     ;; Close-mid back unrounded vowel       U+0264
 430  ("8" "ɵ")     ;; Close-mid central rounded vowel      U+0275
 431  ("9" "œ")     ;; Open-mid front rounded vowel         U+0153
 432  ("&" "ɶ")     ;; Open front rounded vowel             U+0276
 433  ("?" "ʔ")     ;; Glottal stop                         U+0294
 434  ("?\\" "ʕ")   ;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative          U+0295
 435  ;; The undefined escape character, ignored.
 436  ;; Indeterminacy in French vowels, ignored.
 437  ;; Begin nonsegmental notation, ignored.
 438  ("<\\" "ʢ")   ;; Voiced epiglottal fricative          U+02A2
 439  ;; End nonsegmental notation, ignored.
 440  (">\\" "ʡ")   ;; Epiglottal plosive                   U+02A1
 441  ("^" "↑")    ;; Upstep                               U+2191
 442  ("!" "↓")    ;; Downstep                             U+2193
 443  ("!\\" "ǃ")   ;; Postalveolal click                   U+01C3
 444  ("\\" "ǀ")    ;; Dental click                         U+01C0
 445  ("\\|\\" "ǁ") ;; Lateral alveolar click               U+01C1
 446  ("=\\" "ǂ")   ;; Palatal click                        U+01C2
 447  ("-\\" "̮")   ;; Linking mark                         U+032E
 448
 449  ;; Diacritics. Note that XEmacs doesn't yet have composed characters, so we
 450  ;; can input them, but they won't display properly. If you send email using
 451  ;; them, and the recipient's client is capable, they will get through,
 452  ;; though.
 453
 454  ("_\"" "̈")   ;; Centralized                          U+0308
 455  ("_+" "̟")    ;; Advanced                             U+031F
 456  ("_-" "̠")    ;; Retracted                            U+0320
 457  ("_/" "ˇ")    ;; Rising tone                          U+02C7
 458  ("_0" "̥")    ;; Voiceless                            U+0325
 459  ("_=" "̩")    ;; Syllabic                             U+0329
 460  ("=" "̩")     ;; Syllabic                             U+0329
 461  ("_>" "ʼ")    ;; Ejective                             U+02BC
 462  ("_?\\" "ˤ")  ;; Pharyngealized                       U+02E4
 463  ("_\\" "ˆ")   ;; Falling Tone                         U+02C6
 464  ("_^" "̯")    ;; Non-syllabic                         U+032F
 465  ("_}" "̚")    ;; No audible release                   U+031A
 466  ;; ` is alternatively; retroflexion in consonants
 467  ("`" "˞")     ;; Rhotacization in vowels              U+02DE
 468  ("_~" "̃")    ;; Nasalization                         U+0303
 469  ("~" "̃")     ;; Nasalization                         U+0303
 470  ("_A" "̘")    ;; Advanced tongue root                 U+0318
 471  ("_a" "̺")    ;; Apical                               U+033A
 472  ("_B" "̏")    ;; Extra low tone                       U+030F
 473  ;; _B_L omitted, no Unicode code point for "low rising tone."
 474  ("_c" "̜")    ;; Less rounded                         U+031C
 475  ("_d" "̪")    ;; Dental                               U+032A
 476  ("_e" "̴")    ;; Velarized or pharyngeal              U+0334
 477
 478  ("<F>" "↙")  ;; Global fall; SOUTH EAST ARROW; may be a bit smaller than
 479                 ;; intended.
 480  ("_F" "̂")    ;; Falling tone                         U+0302
 481  ("_G" "ˠ")    ;; Velarized                            U+02E0
 482  ("_H" "́")    ;; High tone                            U+0301
 483  ;; "_H_T omitted, no Unicode code point for "high rising tone"
 484  ("_h" "ʰ")    ;; Aspirated                            U+02B0
 485  ("_j" "ʲ")    ;; Palatalized                          U+02B2
 486  ("'" "ʲ")     ;; Palatalized                          U+02B2
 487  ("_k" "̰")    ;; Creaky voice                         U+0330
 488  ("_L" "̀")    ;; Low tone                             U+0300
 489  ("_l" "ˡ")    ;; Lateral release                      U+02E1
 490  ("_M" "̄")    ;; Mid tone                             U+0304
 491  ("_m" "̻")    ;; Laminal                              U+033B
 492  ("_N" "̼")    ;; Linguolabial                         U+033C
 493  ("_n" "ⁿ")   ;; Nasal release                        U+207F
 494  ("_O" "̹")    ;; More rounded                         U+0339
 495  ("_o" "̞")    ;; Lowered                              U+031E
 496  ("_q" "̙")    ;; Retracted tongue root                U+0319
 497  ("<R>" "↗")  ;; NORTH EAST ARROW; may be a bit smaller than intended.
 498  ("_R" "̌")     ;; Haček, caron, rising tone.         U+030C
 499  ;; _R_F omitted, apparently there's no corresponding Unicode entry.
 500  ("_r" "̝")    ;; Raised                               U+031D
 501  ("_T" "̋")    ;; Extra high tone                      U+030B
 502  ("_t" "̤")    ;; Breathy voice                        U+0324
 503  ("_v" "̬")    ;; Voiced                               U+032C
 504  ("_w" "ʷ")    ;; Labialized                           U+02B7
 505  ("_X" "̆")    ;; Extra-short                          U+0306
 506  ("_x" "̽"))   ;; Mid-centralized                      U+033D
 507
 508 ;; Putting in place rules for the implosives like for the others above
 509 ;; breaks the "_<diacritic>" rules for b, d, g, G and J a little--you need
 510 ;; to interrupt Quail before typing the underscore if you want the
 511 ;; diacritic. To avoid this, handle the input specially with the function
 512 ;; ipa-x-sampa-underscore-implosive.
 513
 514 (dolist (implosive-x-sampa (mapcar 'car ipa-x-sampa-implosive-submap))
 515   (setq implosive-x-sampa (car (split-string implosive-x-sampa "_")))
 516   (quail-defrule (format "%s_" implosive-x-sampa)
 517                  'ipa-x-sampa-underscore-implosive))
 518
 519 ;;; ipa.el ends here