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[emacs.git] / lisp / progmodes / cc-cmds.el

;;; cc-cmds.el --- user level commands for CC Mode

;; Copyright (C) 1985,1987,1992-2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Authors:    2000- Martin Stjernholm
;;             1998-1999 Barry A. Warsaw and Martin Stjernholm
;;             1992-1997 Barry A. Warsaw
;;             1987 Dave Detlefs and Stewart Clamen
;;             1985 Richard M. Stallman
;; Maintainer: bug-cc-mode@gnu.org
;; Created:    22-Apr-1997 (split from cc-mode.el)
;; Version:    See cc-mode.el
;; Keywords:   c languages oop

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

;;; Commentary:

;;; Code:

(eval-when-compile
  (let ((load-path
         (if (and (boundp 'byte-compile-dest-file)
                  (stringp byte-compile-dest-file))
             (cons (file-name-directory byte-compile-dest-file) load-path)
           load-path)))
    (require 'cc-bytecomp)))

(cc-require 'cc-defs)
(cc-require 'cc-vars)
(cc-require 'cc-langs)
(cc-require 'cc-engine)

;; Silence the compiler.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar delete-key-deletes-forward) ; XEmacs 20+
(cc-bytecomp-defun delete-forward-p)    ; XEmacs 21+
(cc-bytecomp-obsolete-fun insert-and-inherit) ; Marked obsolete in XEmacs 19
(cc-bytecomp-defvar filladapt-mode)     ; c-fill-paragraph contains a kludge
                                        ; which looks at this.

\f
(defvar c-fix-backslashes t)

(defun c-shift-line-indentation (shift-amt)
  (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
        (c-macro-start c-macro-start)
        tmp-char-inserted)
    (if (zerop shift-amt)
        nil
      (when (and (c-query-and-set-macro-start)
                 (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\$")
                 (save-excursion
                   (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                   (bolp)))
        (insert ?x)
        (backward-char)
        (setq tmp-char-inserted t))
      (unwind-protect
          (let ((col (current-indentation)))
            (delete-region (c-point 'bol) (c-point 'boi))
            (beginning-of-line)
            (indent-to (+ col shift-amt)))
        (when tmp-char-inserted
          (delete-char 1))))
    ;; If initial point was within line's indentation and we're not on
    ;; a line with a line continuation in a macro, position after the
    ;; indentation.  Else stay at same point in text.
    (if (and (< (point) (c-point 'boi))
             (not tmp-char-inserted))
        (back-to-indentation)
      (if (> (- (point-max) pos) (point))
          (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))))))

(defun c-indent-line (&optional syntax quiet ignore-point-pos)
  "Indent the current line according to the syntactic context,
if `c-syntactic-indentation' is non-nil.  Optional SYNTAX is the
syntactic information for the current line.  Be silent about syntactic
errors if the optional argument QUIET is non-nil, even if
`c-report-syntactic-errors' is non-nil.  Normally the position of
point is used to decide where the old indentation is on a lines that
is otherwise empty \(ignoring any line continuation backslash), but
that's not done if IGNORE-POINT-POS is non-nil.  Returns the amount of
indentation change \(in columns)."
  (let ((line-cont-backslash (save-excursion
                               (end-of-line)
                               (eq (char-before) ?\\)))
        (c-fix-backslashes c-fix-backslashes)
        bs-col
        shift-amt)
    (when (and (not ignore-point-pos)
               (save-excursion
                 (beginning-of-line)
                 (looking-at (if line-cont-backslash
                                 "\\(\\s *\\)\\\\$"
                               "\\(\\s *\\)$")))
               (<= (point) (match-end 1)))
      ;; Delete all whitespace after point if there's only whitespace
      ;; on the line, so that any code that does back-to-indentation
      ;; or similar gets the current column in this case.  If this
      ;; removes a line continuation backslash it'll be restored
      ;; at the end.
      (unless c-auto-align-backslashes
        ;; Should try to keep the backslash alignment
        ;; in this case.
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char (match-end 0))
          (setq bs-col (1- (current-column)))))
      (delete-region (point) (match-end 0))
      (setq c-fix-backslashes t))
    (if c-syntactic-indentation
        (setq c-parsing-error
              (or (let* ((c-parsing-error nil)
                         (c-syntactic-context (or syntax
                                                  c-syntactic-context
                                                  (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
                         indent)
                    (setq indent (c-get-syntactic-indentation
                                  c-syntactic-context))
                    (and (not (c-echo-parsing-error quiet))
                         c-echo-syntactic-information-p
                         (message "syntax: %s, indent: %d"
                                  c-syntactic-context indent))
                    (setq shift-amt (- indent (current-indentation)))
                    (c-shift-line-indentation shift-amt)
                    (run-hooks 'c-special-indent-hook)
                    c-parsing-error)
                  c-parsing-error))
      (let ((indent 0))
        (save-excursion
          (while (and (= (forward-line -1) 0)
                      (if (looking-at "\\s *\\\\?$")
                          t
                        (setq indent (current-indentation))
                        nil))))
        (setq shift-amt (- indent (current-indentation)))
        (c-shift-line-indentation shift-amt)))
    (when (and c-fix-backslashes line-cont-backslash)
      (if bs-col
          (save-excursion
            (indent-to bs-col)
            (insert ?\\))
        (when c-auto-align-backslashes
          ;; Realign the line continuation backslash.
          (c-backslash-region (point) (point) nil t))))
    shift-amt))

(defun c-newline-and-indent (&optional newline-arg)
  "Inserts a newline and indents the new line.
This function fixes line continuation backslashes if inside a macro,
and takes care to set the indentation before calling
`indent-according-to-mode', so that lineup functions like
`c-lineup-dont-change' works better."
  ;; FIXME: Backslashes before eol in comments and literals aren't
  ;; kept intact.
  (let ((c-macro-start (c-query-macro-start))
        ;; Avoid calling c-backslash-region from c-indent-line if it's
        ;; called during the newline call, which can happen due to
        ;; c-electric-continued-statement, for example.  We also don't
        ;; want any backslash alignment from indent-according-to-mode.
        (c-fix-backslashes nil)
        has-backslash insert-backslash
        start col)
    (save-excursion
      (beginning-of-line)
      (setq start (point))
      (while (and (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$")
                  (= (forward-line -1) 0)))
      (setq col (current-indentation)))
    (when c-macro-start
      (if (and (eolp) (eq (char-before) ?\\))
          (setq insert-backslash t
                has-backslash t)
        (setq has-backslash (eq (char-before (c-point 'eol)) ?\\))))
    (newline newline-arg)
    (indent-to col)
    (when c-macro-start
      (if insert-backslash
          (progn
            ;; The backslash stayed on the previous line.  Insert one
            ;; before calling c-backslash-region, so that
            ;; bs-col-after-end in it works better.  Fixup the
            ;; backslashes on the newly inserted line.
            (insert ?\\)
            (backward-char)
            (c-backslash-region (point) (point) nil t))
        ;; The backslash moved to the new line, if there was any.  Let
        ;; c-backslash-region fix a backslash on the previous line,
        ;; and the one that might be on the new line.
        ;; c-auto-align-backslashes is intentionally ignored here;
        ;; maybe the moved backslash should be left alone if it's set,
        ;; but we fix both lines on the grounds that the old backslash
        ;; has been moved anyway and is now in a different context.
        (c-backslash-region start (if has-backslash (point) start) nil t)))
    (when c-syntactic-indentation
      ;; Reindent syntactically.  The indentation done above is not
      ;; wasted, since c-indent-line might look at the current
      ;; indentation.
      (let ((c-syntactic-context (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
        ;; We temporarily insert another line break, so that the
        ;; lineup functions will see the line as empty.  That makes
        ;; e.g. c-lineup-cpp-define more intuitive since it then
        ;; proceeds to the preceding line in this case.
        (insert ?\n)
        (delete-horizontal-space)
        (setq start (- (point-max) (point)))
        (unwind-protect
            (progn
              (backward-char)
              (indent-according-to-mode))
          (goto-char (- (point-max) start))
          (delete-char -1)))
      (when has-backslash
        ;; Must align the backslash again after reindentation.  The
        ;; c-backslash-region call above can't be optimized to ignore
        ;; this line, since it then won't align correctly with the
        ;; lines below if the first line in the macro is broken.
        (c-backslash-region (point) (point) nil t)))))

(defun c-show-syntactic-information (arg)
  "Show syntactic information for current line.
With universal argument, inserts the analysis as a comment on that line."
  (interactive "P")
  (let* ((c-parsing-error nil)
         (syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
    (if (not (consp arg))
        (message "syntactic analysis: %s" syntax)
      (indent-for-comment)
      (insert-and-inherit (format "%s" syntax))
      ))
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-syntactic-information-on-region (from to)
  "Inserts a comment with the syntactic analysis on every line in the region."
  (interactive "*r")
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (narrow-to-region from to)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (not (eobp))
        (c-show-syntactic-information '(0))
        (forward-line)))))

\f
(defun c-toggle-syntactic-indentation (&optional arg)
  "Toggle syntactic indentation.
Optional numeric ARG, if supplied, turns on syntactic indentation when
positive, turns it off when negative, and just toggles it when zero or
left out.

When syntactic indentation is turned on (the default), the indentation
functions and the electric keys indent according to the syntactic
context keys, when applicable.

When it's turned off, the electric keys does no reindentation, the
indentation functions indents every new line to the same level as the
previous nonempty line, and \\[c-indent-command] adjusts the
indentation in seps specified `c-basic-offset'.  The indentation style
has no effect in this mode, nor any of the indentation associated
variables, e.g. `c-special-indent-hook'.

This command sets the variable `c-syntactic-indentation'."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq c-syntactic-indentation
        (c-calculate-state arg c-syntactic-indentation))
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-toggle-auto-state (&optional arg)
  "Toggle auto-newline feature.
Optional numeric ARG, if supplied, turns on auto-newline when
positive, turns it off when negative, and just toggles it when zero or
left out.

When the auto-newline feature is enabled (as evidenced by the `/a' or
`/ah' on the modeline after the mode name) newlines are automatically
inserted after special characters such as brace, comma, semi-colon,
and colon."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq c-auto-newline (c-calculate-state arg c-auto-newline))
  (c-update-modeline)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-toggle-hungry-state (&optional arg)
  "Toggle hungry-delete-key feature.
Optional numeric ARG, if supplied, turns on hungry-delete when
positive, turns it off when negative, and just toggles it when zero or
left out.

When the hungry-delete-key feature is enabled (as evidenced by the
`/h' or `/ah' on the modeline after the mode name) the delete key
gobbles all preceding whitespace in one fell swoop."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq c-hungry-delete-key (c-calculate-state arg c-hungry-delete-key))
  (c-update-modeline)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-toggle-auto-hungry-state (&optional arg)
  "Toggle auto-newline and hungry-delete-key features.
Optional numeric ARG, if supplied, turns on auto-newline and
hungry-delete when positive, turns them off when negative, and just
toggles them when zero or left out.

See `c-toggle-auto-state' and `c-toggle-hungry-state' for details."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq c-auto-newline (c-calculate-state arg c-auto-newline))
  (setq c-hungry-delete-key (c-calculate-state arg c-hungry-delete-key))
  (c-update-modeline)
  (c-keep-region-active))

\f
;; Electric keys

(defun c-electric-backspace (arg)
  "Deletes preceding character or whitespace.
If `c-hungry-delete-key' is non-nil, as evidenced by the \"/h\" or
\"/ah\" string on the mode line, then all preceding whitespace is
consumed.  If however a prefix argument is supplied, or
`c-hungry-delete-key' is nil, or point is inside a literal then the
function in the variable `c-backspace-function' is called.

See also \\[c-electric-delete]."
  (interactive "*P")
  (if (or (not c-hungry-delete-key)
          arg
          (c-in-literal))
      (funcall c-backspace-function (prefix-numeric-value arg))
    (let ((here (point)))
      (c-skip-ws-backward)
      (if (/= (point) here)
          (delete-region (point) here)
        (funcall c-backspace-function 1)
        ))))

(defun c-electric-delete-forward (arg)
  "Deletes following character or whitespace.
If `c-hungry-delete-key' is non-nil, as evidenced by the \"/h\" or
\"/ah\" string on the mode line, then all following whitespace is
consumed.  If however a prefix argument is supplied, or
`c-hungry-delete-key' is nil, or point is inside a literal then the
function in the variable `c-delete-function' is called."
  (interactive "*P")
  (if (or (not c-hungry-delete-key)
          arg
          (c-in-literal))
      (funcall c-delete-function (prefix-numeric-value arg))
    (let ((here (point)))
      (c-skip-ws-forward)
      (if (/= (point) here)
          (delete-region (point) here)
        (funcall c-delete-function 1)))))

(defun c-electric-delete (arg)
  "Deletes preceding or following character or whitespace.
This function either deletes forward as `c-electric-delete-forward' or
backward as `c-electric-backspace', depending on the configuration:

If the function `delete-forward-p' is defined (XEmacs 21) and returns
non-nil, it deletes forward.  Else, if the variable
`delete-key-deletes-forward' is defined (XEmacs 20) and is set to
non-nil, it deletes forward.  Otherwise it deletes backward.

Note: This is the way in XEmacs 20 and later to choose the correct
action for the [delete] key, whichever key that means.  In other
flavors this function isn't used, instead it's left to the user to
bind [delete] to either \\[c-electric-delete-forward] or \\[c-electric-backspace] as appropriate
\(the keymap `function-key-map' is useful for that).  Emacs 21 handles
that automatically, though."
  (interactive "*P")
  (if (or (and (fboundp 'delete-forward-p) ;XEmacs 21
               (delete-forward-p))
          (and (boundp 'delete-key-deletes-forward) ;XEmacs 20
               delete-key-deletes-forward))
      (c-electric-delete-forward arg)
    (c-electric-backspace arg)))

(defun c-electric-pound (arg)
  "Electric pound (`#') insertion.
Inserts a `#' character specially depending on the variable
`c-electric-pound-behavior'.  If a numeric ARG is supplied, or if
point is inside a literal or a macro, nothing special happens."
  (interactive "*P")
  (if (or arg
          (not (memq 'alignleft c-electric-pound-behavior))
          (save-excursion
            (skip-chars-backward " \t")
            (not (bolp)))
          (save-excursion
            (and (= (forward-line -1) 0)
                 (progn (end-of-line)
                        (eq (char-before) ?\\))))
          (c-in-literal))
      ;; do nothing special
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
    ;; place the pound character at the left edge
    (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
          (bolp (bolp)))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-horizontal-space)
      (insert last-command-char)
      (and (not bolp)
           (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
      )))

(defun c-electric-brace (arg)
  "Insert a brace.

If the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, newlines are inserted before and
after braces based on the value of `c-hanging-braces-alist'.

Also, the line is re-indented unless a numeric ARG is supplied, the
brace is inserted inside a literal, or `c-syntactic-indentation' is
nil.

This function does various newline cleanups based on the value of
`c-cleanup-list'."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let* ((safepos (c-safe-position (point) (c-parse-state)))
         (literal (c-in-literal safepos))
         ;; We want to inhibit blinking the paren since this will be
         ;; most disruptive.  We'll blink it ourselves later on.
         (old-blink-paren blink-paren-function)
         blink-paren-function)
    (cond
     ((or literal arg)
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))
     ((not (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$"))
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
      (if c-syntactic-indentation
          (indent-according-to-mode)))
     (t
      (let* ((syms
              ;; This is the list of brace syntactic symbols that can
              ;; hang.  If any new ones are added to c-offsets-alist,
              ;; they should be added here as well.
              '(class-open class-close defun-open defun-close
                inline-open inline-close
                brace-list-open brace-list-close
                brace-list-intro brace-entry-open
                block-open block-close
                substatement-open statement-case-open
                extern-lang-open extern-lang-close
                namespace-open namespace-close
                inexpr-class-open inexpr-class-close
                ))
             (insertion-point (point))
             (preserve-p (and (not (bobp))
                              (eq ?\  (char-syntax (char-before)))))
             ;; shut this up too
             (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil)
             delete-temp-newline syntax newlines)
        ;; only insert a newline if there is non-whitespace behind us
        (when (save-excursion
                (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                (not (bolp)))
          (setq delete-temp-newline
                (list (point-marker)))
          (c-newline-and-indent)
          (setcdr delete-temp-newline (point-marker)))
        (unwind-protect
            (progn
              (if (eq last-command-char ?{)
                  (setq c-state-cache (cons (point) c-state-cache)))
              (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
              (let ((c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros t))
                ;; Turn on syntactic macro analysis to help with auto
                ;; newlines only.
                (setq syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax)))
              (setq newlines
                    (and
                     c-auto-newline
                     (or (c-lookup-lists
                          syms
                          ;; Substitute inexpr-class and class-open or
                          ;; class-close with inexpr-class-open or
                          ;; inexpr-class-close.
                          (if (assq 'inexpr-class syntax)
                              (cond ((assq 'class-open syntax)
                                     '((inexpr-class-open)))
                                    ((assq 'class-close syntax)
                                     '((inexpr-class-close)))
                                    (t syntax))
                            syntax)
                          c-hanging-braces-alist)
                         '(ignore before after))))
              ;; Do not try to insert newlines around a special
              ;; (Pike-style) brace list.
              (if (and c-special-brace-lists
                       (save-excursion
                         (c-safe (if (= (char-before) ?{)
                                     (forward-char -1)
                                   (c-forward-sexp -1))
                                 (c-looking-at-special-brace-list))))
                  (setq newlines nil))
              ;; If syntax is a function symbol, then call it using the
              ;; defined semantics.
              (if (and (not (consp (cdr newlines)))
                       (functionp (cdr newlines)))
                  (let ((c-syntactic-context syntax))
                    (setq newlines
                          (funcall (cdr newlines)
                                   (car newlines)
                                   insertion-point))))
              ;; does a newline go before the open brace?
              (when (memq 'before newlines)
                ;; we leave the newline we've put in there before,
                ;; but we need to re-indent the line above
                (when delete-temp-newline
                  (set-marker (car delete-temp-newline) nil)
                  (set-marker (cdr delete-temp-newline) nil)
                  (setq delete-temp-newline nil))
                (when c-syntactic-indentation
                  (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
                        (here (point)))
                    (forward-line -1)
                    (indent-according-to-mode)
                    (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))
                    ;; if the buffer has changed due to the
                    ;; indentation, we need to recalculate syntax for
                    ;; the current line.
                    (if (/= (point) here)
                        (let ((c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros t))
                          ;; Turn on syntactic macro analysis to help
                          ;; with auto newlines only.
                          (setq syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))))))))
          ;; must remove the newline we just stuck in (if we really did it)
          (when delete-temp-newline
            (save-excursion
              (delete-region (car delete-temp-newline)
                             (cdr delete-temp-newline))
              (goto-char (car delete-temp-newline))
              (set-marker (car delete-temp-newline) nil)
              (set-marker (cdr delete-temp-newline) nil)
              ;; if there is whitespace before point, then preserve
              ;; at least one space.
              (just-one-space)
              (if (not preserve-p)
                  (delete-char -1)))))
        (if (not (memq 'before newlines))
            ;; since we're hanging the brace, we need to recalculate
            ;; syntax.
            (let ((c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros t))
              ;; Turn on syntactic macro analysis to help with auto
              ;; newlines only.
              (setq syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))))
        (when c-syntactic-indentation
          ;; Now adjust the line's indentation.  Don't update the state
          ;; cache since c-guess-basic-syntax isn't called when
          ;; c-syntactic-context is set.
          (let* ((c-syntactic-context syntax))
            (indent-according-to-mode)))
        ;; Do all appropriate clean ups
        (let ((here (point))
              (pos (- (point-max) (point)))
              mbeg mend tmp)
          ;; clean up empty defun braces
          (if (and c-auto-newline
                   (memq 'empty-defun-braces c-cleanup-list)
                   (eq last-command-char ?\})
                   (c-intersect-lists '(defun-close class-close inline-close)
                                      syntax)
                   (progn
                     (forward-char -1)
                     (c-skip-ws-backward)
                     (eq (char-before) ?\{))
                   ;; make sure matching open brace isn't in a comment
                   (not (c-in-literal)))
              (delete-region (point) (1- here)))
          ;; clean up brace-else-brace and brace-elseif-brace
          (when (and c-auto-newline
                     (eq last-command-char ?\{))
            (cond
             ((and (memq 'brace-else-brace c-cleanup-list)
                   (re-search-backward
                    (concat "}"
                            "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                            "else"
                            "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                            "{")
                    nil t)
                   (progn
                     (setq mbeg (match-beginning 0)
                           mend (match-end 0))
                     (eq (match-end 0) here)))
              (delete-region mbeg mend)
              (insert-and-inherit "} else {"))
             ((and (memq 'brace-elseif-brace c-cleanup-list)
                   (progn
                     (goto-char (1- here))
                     (setq mend (point))
                     (c-skip-ws-backward)
                     (setq mbeg (point))
                     (eq (char-before) ?\)))
                   (= (c-backward-token-1 1 t) 0)
                   (eq (char-after) ?\()
                   (progn
                     (setq tmp (point))
                     (re-search-backward
                      (concat "}"
                              "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                              "else"
                              "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)+"
                              "if"
                              "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*")
                      nil t))
                   (eq (match-end 0) tmp))
              (delete-region mbeg mend)
              (goto-char mbeg)
              (insert ?\ ))))
          (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))
          )
        ;; does a newline go after the brace?
        (if (memq 'after newlines)
            (c-newline-and-indent))
        )))
    ;; blink the paren
    (and (eq last-command-char ?\})
         (not executing-kbd-macro)
         old-blink-paren
         (save-excursion
           (c-backward-syntactic-ws safepos)
           (funcall old-blink-paren)))))

(defun c-electric-slash (arg)
  "Insert a slash character.

Indent the line as a comment, if:

  1. The slash is second of a `//' line oriented comment introducing
     token and we are on a comment-only-line, or

  2. The slash is part of a `*/' token that closes a block oriented
     comment.

If a numeric ARG is supplied, point is inside a literal, or
`c-syntactic-indentation' is nil, indentation is inhibited."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let* ((ch (char-before))
         (literal (c-in-literal))
         (indentp (and c-syntactic-indentation
                       (not arg)
                       (eq last-command-char ?/)
                       (or (and (eq ch ?/)
                                (not literal))
                           (and (eq ch ?*)
                                literal))
                       ))
         ;; shut this up
         (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
    (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
    (if indentp
        (indent-according-to-mode))))

(defun c-electric-star (arg)
  "Insert a star character.
If the star is the second character of a C style comment introducing
construct, and we are on a comment-only-line, indent line as comment.
If a numeric ARG is supplied, point is inside a literal, or
`c-syntactic-indentation' is nil, indentation is inhibited."
  (interactive "*P")
  (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
  ;; if we are in a literal, or if arg is given do not re-indent the
  ;; current line, unless this star introduces a comment-only line.
  (if (and c-syntactic-indentation
           (not arg)
           (eq (c-in-literal) 'c)
           (eq (char-before) ?*)
           (save-excursion
             (forward-char -1)
             (skip-chars-backward "*")
             (if (eq (char-before) ?/)
                 (forward-char -1))
             (skip-chars-backward " \t")
             (bolp)))
      (let (c-echo-syntactic-information-p) ; shut this up
        (indent-according-to-mode))
    ))

(defun c-electric-semi&comma (arg)
  "Insert a comma or semicolon.
When the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, a newline might be inserted.  See
the variable `c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria' for how newline insertion
is determined.

When a semicolon is inserted, the line is re-indented unless a numeric
arg is supplied, point is inside a literal, or
`c-syntactic-indentation' is nil.

Based on the value of `c-cleanup-list', this function cleans up commas
following brace lists and semicolons following defuns."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let* ((lim (c-most-enclosing-brace (c-parse-state)))
         (literal (c-in-literal lim))
         (here (point))
         ;; shut this up
         (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
    (if (or literal arg)
        (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
      ;; do some special stuff with the character
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
      ;; do all cleanups and newline insertions if c-auto-newline is
      ;; turned on
      (if (or (not c-auto-newline)
              (not (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$")))
          (if c-syntactic-indentation
              (indent-according-to-mode))
        ;; clean ups
        (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point))))
          (if (and (or (and
                        (eq last-command-char ?,)
                        (memq 'list-close-comma c-cleanup-list))
                       (and
                        (eq last-command-char ?\;)
                        (memq 'defun-close-semi c-cleanup-list)))
                   (progn
                     (forward-char -1)
                     (c-skip-ws-backward)
                     (eq (char-before) ?}))
                   ;; make sure matching open brace isn't in a comment
                   (not (c-in-literal lim)))
              (delete-region (point) here))
          (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
        ;; re-indent line
        (if c-syntactic-indentation
            (indent-according-to-mode))
        ;; check to see if a newline should be added
        (let ((criteria c-hanging-semi&comma-criteria)
              answer add-newline-p)
          (while criteria
            (setq answer (funcall (car criteria)))
            ;; only nil value means continue checking
            (if (not answer)
                (setq criteria (cdr criteria))
              (setq criteria nil)
              ;; only 'stop specifically says do not add a newline
              (setq add-newline-p (not (eq answer 'stop)))
              ))
          (if add-newline-p
              (c-newline-and-indent))
          )))))

(defun c-electric-colon (arg)
  "Insert a colon.

If the auto-newline feature is turned on, as evidenced by the \"/a\"
or \"/ah\" string on the mode line, newlines are inserted before and
after colons based on the value of `c-hanging-colons-alist'.

Also, the line is re-indented unless a numeric ARG is supplied, the
colon is inserted inside a literal, or `c-syntactic-indentation' is
nil.

This function cleans up double colon scope operators based on the
value of `c-cleanup-list'."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let* ((bod (c-point 'bod))
         (literal (c-in-literal bod))
         newlines is-scope-op
         ;; shut this up
         (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
    (cond
     ((or literal arg)
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))
     ((not (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$"))
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
      (if c-syntactic-indentation
          (indent-according-to-mode)))
     (t
      ;; insert the colon, then do any specified cleanups
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
      (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point)))
            (here (point)))
        (if (and c-auto-newline
                 (memq 'scope-operator c-cleanup-list)
                 (eq (char-before) ?:)
                 (progn
                   (forward-char -1)
                   (c-skip-ws-backward)
                   (eq (char-before) ?:))
                 (not (c-in-literal))
                 (not (eq (char-after (- (point) 2)) ?:)))
            (progn
              (delete-region (point) (1- here))
              (setq is-scope-op t)))
        (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
      ;; indent the current line if it's done syntactically.
      (if c-syntactic-indentation
          ;; Cannot use the same syntax analysis as we find below,
          ;; since that's made with c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros
          ;; always set to t.
          (indent-according-to-mode))
      (let* ((c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros t)
             ;; Turn on syntactic macro analysis to help with auto newlines
             ;; only.
             (syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))
             (elem syntax))
        ;; Translate substatement-label to label for this operation.
        (while elem
          (if (eq (car (car elem)) 'substatement-label)
              (setcar (car elem) 'label))
          (setq elem (cdr elem)))
        ;; some language elements can only be determined by checking
        ;; the following line.  Lets first look for ones that can be
        ;; found when looking on the line with the colon
        (setq newlines
              (and c-auto-newline
                   (or (c-lookup-lists '(case-label label access-label)
                                       syntax c-hanging-colons-alist)
                       (c-lookup-lists '(member-init-intro inher-intro)
                                       (let ((buffer-undo-list t))
                                         (insert ?\n)
                                         (unwind-protect
                                             (c-guess-basic-syntax)
                                           (delete-char -1)))
                                       c-hanging-colons-alist)))))
      ;; does a newline go before the colon?  Watch out for already
      ;; non-hung colons.  However, we don't unhang them because that
      ;; would be a cleanup (and anti-social).
      (if (and (memq 'before newlines)
               (not is-scope-op)
               (save-excursion
                 (skip-chars-backward ": \t")
                 (not (bolp))))
          (let ((pos (- (point-max) (point))))
            (forward-char -1)
            (c-newline-and-indent)
            (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))))
      ;; does a newline go after the colon?
      (if (and (memq 'after (cdr-safe newlines))
               (not is-scope-op))
          (c-newline-and-indent))
      ))))

(defun c-electric-lt-gt (arg)
  "Insert a less-than, or greater-than character.
The line will be re-indented if the character inserted is the second
of a C++ style stream operator and the buffer is in C++ mode.
Exceptions are when a numeric argument is supplied, point is inside a
literal, or `c-syntactic-indentation' is nil, in which case the line
will not be re-indented."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let ((indentp (and c-syntactic-indentation
                      (not arg)
                      (eq (char-before) last-command-char)
                      (not (c-in-literal))))
        ;; shut this up
        (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
    (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
    (if indentp
        (indent-according-to-mode))))

(defun c-electric-paren (arg)
  "Insert a parenthesis.

Some newline cleanups are done if appropriate; see the variable
`c-cleanup-list'.

Also, the line is re-indented unless a numeric ARG is supplied, the
parenthesis is inserted inside a literal, or `c-syntactic-indentation'
is nil."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let ((literal (c-in-literal (c-point 'bod)))
        ;; shut this up
        (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
    (if (or arg literal)
        (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
      ;; do some special stuff with the character
      (let* (;; We want to inhibit blinking the paren since this will
             ;; be most disruptive.  We'll blink it ourselves
             ;; afterwards.
             (old-blink-paren blink-paren-function)
             blink-paren-function)
        (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
        (if c-syntactic-indentation
            (indent-according-to-mode))
        (when (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$")
          (when c-auto-newline
            ;; Do all appropriate clean ups
            (let ((here (point))
                  (pos (- (point-max) (point)))
                  mbeg mend)
              ;; clean up brace-elseif-brace
              (if (and (memq 'brace-elseif-brace c-cleanup-list)
                       (eq last-command-char ?\()
                       (re-search-backward
                        (concat "}"
                                "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                                "else"
                                "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)+"
                                "if"
                                "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                                "(")
                        nil t)
                       (save-excursion
                         (setq mbeg (match-beginning 0)
                               mend (match-end 0))
                         (= mend here))
                       (not (c-in-literal)))
                  (progn
                    (delete-region mbeg mend)
                    (insert-and-inherit "} else if ("))
                ;; clean up brace-catch-brace
                (goto-char here)
                (if (and (memq 'brace-catch-brace c-cleanup-list)
                         (eq last-command-char ?\()
                         (re-search-backward
                          (concat "}"
                                  "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                                  "catch"
                                  "\\([ \t\n]\\|\\\\\n\\)*"
                                  "(")
                          nil t)
                         (save-excursion
                           (setq mbeg (match-beginning 0)
                                 mend (match-end 0))
                           (= mend here))
                         (not (c-in-literal)))
                    (progn
                      (delete-region mbeg mend)
                      (insert-and-inherit "} catch ("))))
              (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))
              )))
        (let (beg (end (1- (point))))
          (cond ((and (memq 'space-before-funcall c-cleanup-list)
                      (eq last-command-char ?\()
                      (save-excursion
                        (backward-char)
                        (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                        (setq beg (point))
                        (c-on-identifier)))
                 (save-excursion
                   (delete-region beg end)
                   (goto-char beg)
                   (insert ?\ )))
                ((and (memq 'compact-empty-funcall c-cleanup-list)
                      (eq last-command-char ?\))
                      (save-excursion
                        (c-safe (backward-char 2))
                        (when (looking-at "()")
                          (setq end (point))
                          (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                          (setq beg (point))
                          (c-on-identifier))))
                 (delete-region beg end))))
        (and (not executing-kbd-macro)
             old-blink-paren
             (funcall old-blink-paren))))))

(defun c-electric-continued-statement ()
  "Reindent the current line if appropriate.

This function is used to reindent the line after a keyword which
continues an earlier statement is typed, e.g. an \"else\" or the
\"while\" in a do-while block.

The line is reindented if there is nothing but whitespace before the
keyword on the line, the keyword is not inserted inside a literal, and
`c-syntactic-indentation' is non-nil."
  (let (;; shut this up
        (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil))
    (when (and c-syntactic-indentation
               (not (eq last-command-char ?_))
               (= (save-excursion
                    (skip-syntax-backward "w")
                    (point))
                  (c-point 'boi))
               (not (c-in-literal (c-point 'bod))))
      ;; Have to temporarily insert a space so that
      ;; c-guess-basic-syntax recognizes the keyword.  Follow the
      ;; space with a nonspace to avoid messing up any whitespace
      ;; sensitive meddling that might be done, e.g. by
      ;; `c-backslash-region'.
      (insert-and-inherit " x")
      (unwind-protect
          (indent-according-to-mode)
        (delete-char -2)))))

\f
;; better movement routines for ThisStyleOfVariablesCommonInCPlusPlus
;; originally contributed by Terry_Glanfield.Southern@rxuk.xerox.com
(defun c-forward-into-nomenclature (&optional arg)
  "Move forward to end of a nomenclature section or word.
With arg, to it arg times."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((case-fold-search nil))
    (if (> arg 0)
        (re-search-forward "\\W*\\([A-Z]*[a-z0-9]*\\)" (point-max) t arg)
      (while (and (< arg 0)
                  (re-search-backward
                   "\\(\\(\\W\\|[a-z0-9]\\)[A-Z]+\\|\\W\\w+\\)"
                   (point-min) 0))
        (forward-char 1)
        (setq arg (1+ arg)))))
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-backward-into-nomenclature (&optional arg)
  "Move backward to beginning of a nomenclature section or word.
With optional ARG, move that many times.  If ARG is negative, move
forward."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-forward-into-nomenclature (- arg))
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-scope-operator ()
  "Insert a double colon scope operator at point.
No indentation or other \"electric\" behavior is performed."
  (interactive "*")
  (insert-and-inherit "::"))

(defun c-beginning-of-defun (&optional arg)
  "Move backward to the beginning of a defun.
Every top level declaration that contains a brace paren block is
considered to be a defun.

With a positive argument, move backward that many defuns.  A negative
argument -N means move forward to the Nth following beginning.  Return
t unless search stops due to beginning or end of buffer.

Unlike the built-in `beginning-of-defun' this tries to be smarter
about finding the char with open-parenthesis syntax that starts the
defun."

  (interactive "p")
  (or arg (setq arg 1))

  (if (< arg 0)
      (when (c-end-of-defun (- arg))
        (c-forward-syntactic-ws)
        t)

    (catch 'exit
      (while (> arg 0)
        ;; Note: Partial code duplication in `c-end-of-defun' and
        ;; `c-declaration-limits'.

        (let ((paren-state (c-parse-state)) lim pos)
          (unless (c-safe
                    (goto-char (c-least-enclosing-brace paren-state))
                    ;; If we moved to the outermost enclosing paren
                    ;; then we can use c-safe-position to set the
                    ;; limit.  Can't do that otherwise since the
                    ;; earlier paren pair on paren-state might very
                    ;; well be part of the declaration we should go
                    ;; to.
                    (setq lim (c-safe-position (point) paren-state))
                    t)
            ;; At top level.  Make sure we aren't inside a literal.
            (setq pos (c-literal-limits
                       (c-safe-position (point) paren-state)))
            (if pos (goto-char (car pos))))

          (while (let ((start (point)))
                   (c-beginning-of-decl-1 lim)
                   (if (= (point) start)
                       ;; Didn't move.  Might be due to bob or unbalanced
                       ;; parens.  Try to continue if it's the latter.
                       (unless (c-safe (goto-char
                                        (c-down-list-backward (point))))
                         ;; Didn't work, so it's bob then.
                         (goto-char (point-min))
                         (throw 'exit nil)))

                   (save-excursion
                     ;; Check if the declaration contains a brace
                     ;; block.  If not, we try another one.
                     (setq pos (point))
                     (not (and (c-syntactic-re-search-forward
                                "[;{]" nil t 1 t)
                               (or (eq (char-before) ?{)
                                   (and c-recognize-knr-p
                                        ;; Might have stopped on the
                                        ;; ';' in a K&R argdecl.  In
                                        ;; that case the declaration
                                        ;; should contain a block.
                                        (c-in-knr-argdecl pos)))))))
            (setq lim nil))

          ;; Check if `c-beginning-of-decl-1' put us after the block
          ;; in a declaration that doesn't end there.  We're searching
          ;; back and forth over the block here, which can be
          ;; expensive.
          (setq pos (point))
          (if (and c-opt-block-decls-with-vars-key
                   (progn
                     (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
                     (eq (char-before) ?}))
                   (eq (car (c-beginning-of-decl-1))
                       'previous)
                   (save-excursion
                     (c-end-of-decl-1)
                     (> (point) pos)))
              nil
            (goto-char pos))

          (setq pos (point))
          ;; Try to be line oriented; position point at the closest
          ;; preceding boi that isn't inside a comment, but if we hit
          ;; the previous declaration then we use the current point
          ;; instead.
          (while (and (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
                      (c-forward-comment -1)))
          (if (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
              (goto-char pos))

          (setq arg (1- arg)))))
    (c-keep-region-active)
    (= arg 0)))

(defun c-end-of-defun (&optional arg)
  "Move forward to the end of a top level declaration.
With argument, do it that many times.  Negative argument -N means move
back to Nth preceding end.  Returns t unless search stops due to
beginning or end of buffer.

An end of a defun occurs right after the close-parenthesis that matches
the open-parenthesis that starts a defun; see `beginning-of-defun'."

  (interactive "p")
  (or arg (setq arg 1))

  (if (< arg 0)
      (when (c-beginning-of-defun (- arg))
        (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
        t)

    (catch 'exit
      (while (> arg 0)
        ;; Note: Partial code duplication in `c-beginning-of-defun'
        ;; and `c-declaration-limits'.

        (let ((paren-state (c-parse-state)) lim pos)
          (unless (c-safe
                    (goto-char (c-least-enclosing-brace paren-state))
                    ;; If we moved to the outermost enclosing paren
                    ;; then we can use c-safe-position to set the
                    ;; limit.  Can't do that otherwise since the
                    ;; earlier paren pair on paren-state might very
                    ;; well be part of the declaration we should go
                    ;; to.
                    (setq lim (c-safe-position (point) paren-state))
                    t)
            ;; At top level.  Make sure we aren't inside a literal.
            (setq pos (car-safe (c-literal-limits
                                 (c-safe-position (point) paren-state))))
            (if pos (goto-char pos)))

          ;; Have to move to the start first so that `c-end-of-decl-1'
          ;; has the correct start position.
          (setq pos (point))
          (when (memq (car (c-beginning-of-decl-1 lim))
                      '(previous macro))
            ;; We moved back over the previous defun or a macro.  Move
            ;; to the next token; it's the start of the next
            ;; declaration.  We can also be directly after the block
            ;; in a `c-opt-block-decls-with-vars-key' declaration, but
            ;; then we won't move significantly far here.
            (goto-char pos)
            (c-forward-token-1 0))

          (while (let ((start (point)))
                   (c-end-of-decl-1)
                   (if (= (point) start)
                       ;; Didn't move.  Might be due to eob or unbalanced
                       ;; parens.  Try to continue if it's the latter.
                       (if (c-safe (goto-char (c-up-list-forward (point))))
                           t
                         ;; Didn't work, so it's eob then.
                         (goto-char (point-max))
                         (throw 'exit nil))

                     (save-excursion
                       ;; Check if the declaration contains a brace
                       ;; block.  If not, we try another one.
                       (setq pos (point))
                       (goto-char start)
                       (not (c-syntactic-re-search-forward "{" pos t 1 t))))))

          (setq pos (point))
          ;; Try to be line oriented; position point after the next
          ;; newline that isn't inside a comment, but if we hit the
          ;; next declaration then we use the current point instead.
          (while (and (not (bolp))
                      (not (looking-at "\\s *$"))
                      (c-forward-comment 1)))
          (cond ((bolp))
                ((looking-at "\\s *$")
                 (forward-line 1))
                (t
                 (goto-char pos)))

          (setq arg (1- arg)))))
    (c-keep-region-active)
    (= arg 0)))

(defun c-declaration-limits (near)
  ;; Return a cons of the beginning and end positions of the current
  ;; top level declaration or macro.  If point is not inside any then
  ;; nil is returned, unless NEAR is non-nil in which case the closest
  ;; following one is chosen instead (if there is any).  The end
  ;; position is at the next line, providing there is one before the
  ;; declaration.
  (save-excursion

    ;; Note: Some code duplication in `c-beginning-of-defun' and
    ;; `c-end-of-defun'.
    (catch 'exit
      (let ((start (point))
            (paren-state (c-parse-state))
            lim pos end-pos)
        (unless (c-safe
                  (goto-char (c-least-enclosing-brace paren-state))
                  ;; If we moved to the outermost enclosing paren then we
                  ;; can use c-safe-position to set the limit.  Can't do
                  ;; that otherwise since the earlier paren pair on
                  ;; paren-state might very well be part of the
                  ;; declaration we should go to.
                  (setq lim (c-safe-position (point) paren-state))
                  t)
          ;; At top level.  Make sure we aren't inside a literal.
          (setq pos (c-literal-limits
                     (c-safe-position (point) paren-state)))
          (if pos (goto-char (car pos))))

        (when (c-beginning-of-macro)
          (throw 'exit
                 (cons (point)
                       (save-excursion
                         (c-end-of-macro)
                         (forward-line 1)
                         (point)))))

        (setq pos (point))
        (when (or (eq (car (c-beginning-of-decl-1 lim)) 'previous)
                  (= pos (point)))
          ;; We moved back over the previous defun.  Skip to the next
          ;; one.  Not using c-forward-syntactic-ws here since we
          ;; should not skip a macro.  We can also be directly after
          ;; the block in a `c-opt-block-decls-with-vars-key'
          ;; declaration, but then we won't move significantly far
          ;; here.
          (goto-char pos)
          (while (c-forward-comment 10))

          (when (and near (c-beginning-of-macro))
            (throw 'exit
                   (cons (point)
                         (save-excursion
                           (c-end-of-macro)
                           (forward-line 1)
                           (point))))))

        (if (eobp) (throw 'exit nil))

        ;; Check if `c-beginning-of-decl-1' put us after the block in a
        ;; declaration that doesn't end there.  We're searching back and
        ;; forth over the block here, which can be expensive.
        (setq pos (point))
        (if (and c-opt-block-decls-with-vars-key
                 (progn
                   (c-backward-syntactic-ws)
                   (eq (char-before) ?}))
                 (eq (car (c-beginning-of-decl-1))
                     'previous)
                 (save-excursion
                   (c-end-of-decl-1)
                   (and (> (point) pos)
                        (setq end-pos (point)))))
            nil
          (goto-char pos))

        (if (and (not near) (> (point) start))
            nil

          ;; Try to be line oriented; position the limits at the
          ;; closest preceding boi, and after the next newline, that
          ;; isn't inside a comment, but if we hit a neighboring
          ;; declaration then we instead use the exact declaration
          ;; limit in that direction.
          (cons (progn
                  (setq pos (point))
                  (while (and (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
                              (c-forward-comment -1)))
                  (if (/= (point) (c-point 'boi))
                      pos
                    (point)))
                (progn
                  (if end-pos
                      (goto-char end-pos)
                    (c-end-of-decl-1))
                  (setq pos (point))
                  (while (and (not (bolp))
                              (not (looking-at "\\s *$"))
                              (c-forward-comment 1)))
                  (cond ((bolp)
                         (point))
                        ((looking-at "\\s *$")
                         (forward-line 1)
                         (point))
                        (t
                         pos)))))
        ))))

(defun c-mark-function ()
  "Put mark at end of the current top-level declaration or macro, point at beginning.
If point is not inside any then the closest following one is chosen.

As opposed to \\[c-beginning-of-defun] and \\[c-end-of-defun], this
function does not require the declaration to contain a brace block."
  (interactive)

  ;; We try to be line oriented, unless there are several
  ;; declarations on the same line.
  (if (looking-at c-syntactic-eol)
      (c-backward-token-1 1 nil (c-point 'bol)))

  (let ((decl-limits (c-declaration-limits t)))
    (if (not decl-limits)
        (error "Cannot find any declaration")
      (goto-char (car decl-limits))
      (push-mark (cdr decl-limits) nil t))))

\f
(defun c-beginning-of-statement (&optional count lim sentence-flag)
  "Go to the beginning of the innermost C statement.
With prefix arg, go back N - 1 statements.  If already at the
beginning of a statement then go to the beginning of the closest
preceding one, moving into nested blocks if necessary (use
\\[backward-sexp] to skip over a block).  If within or next to a
comment or multiline string, move by sentences instead of statements.

When called from a program, this function takes 3 optional args: the
repetition count, a buffer position limit which is the farthest back
to search for the syntactic context, and a flag saying whether to do
sentence motion in or near comments and multiline strings.

Note that `c-beginning-of-statement-1' is usually better to use from
programs.  It has much more well defined semantics than this one,
which is intended for interactive use and might therefore change to be
more \"DWIM:ey\"."
  (interactive (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg)
                     nil t))
  (let* ((count (or count 1))
         here
         (range (c-collect-line-comments (c-literal-limits lim))))
    (while (and (/= count 0)
                (or (not lim) (> (point) lim)))
      (setq here (point))
      (if (and (not range) sentence-flag)
          (save-excursion
            ;; Find the comment next to point if we're not in one.
            (if (> count 0)
                (if (c-forward-comment-lc -1)
                    (setq range (cons (point)
                                      (progn (c-forward-comment-lc 1)
                                             (point))))
                  (c-skip-ws-backward)
                  (setq range (point))
                  (setq range
                        (if (eq (char-before) ?\")
                            (c-safe (c-backward-sexp 1)
                                    (cons (point) range)))))
              (c-skip-ws-forward)
              (if (eq (char-after) ?\")
                  (setq range (cons (point)
                                    (progn
                                      (c-forward-sexp 1)
                                      (point))))
                (setq range (point))
                (setq range (if (c-forward-comment-lc 1)
                                (cons range (point))
                              nil))))
            (setq range (c-collect-line-comments range))))
      (if (and (< count 0) (= here (point-max)))
          ;; Special case because eob might be in a literal.
          (setq range nil))
      (if range
          (if (and sentence-flag
                   (or (/= (char-syntax (char-after (car range))) ?\")
                       ;; Only visit a string if it spans more than one line.
                       (save-excursion
                         (goto-char (car range))
                         (skip-chars-forward "^\n" (cdr range))
                         (< (point) (cdr range)))))
              (let* ((lit-type (c-literal-type range))
                     (line-prefix (concat "[ \t]*\\("
                                          c-current-comment-prefix
                                          "\\)[ \t]*"))
                     (beg (if (eq lit-type 'string)
                              (1+ (car range))
                            (save-excursion
                              (goto-char (car range))
                              (max (progn
                                     (looking-at comment-start-skip)
                                     (match-end 0))
                                   (progn
                                     (looking-at line-prefix)
                                     (match-end 0))))))
                     (end (- (cdr range) (if (eq lit-type 'c) 2 1)))
                     (beg-of-para (if (eq lit-type 'string)
                                      (lambda ())
                                    (lambda ()
                                      (beginning-of-line)
                                      (if (looking-at line-prefix)
                                          (goto-char (match-end 0)))))))
                (save-restriction
                  ;; Move by sentence, but not past the limit of the
                  ;; literal, narrowed to the appropriate
                  ;; paragraph(s).
                  (narrow-to-region (save-excursion
                                      (let ((pos (min here end)))
                                        (goto-char pos)
                                        (forward-paragraph -1)
                                        (if (looking-at paragraph-separate)
                                            (forward-line))
                                        (when (> (point) beg)
                                          (funcall beg-of-para)
                                          (when (>= (point) pos)
                                            (forward-paragraph -2)
                                            (funcall beg-of-para)))
                                        (max (point) beg)))
                                    end)
                  (c-safe (forward-sentence (if (< count 0) 1 -1)))
                  (if (and (memq lit-type '(c c++))
                           ;; Check if we stopped due to a comment
                           ;; prefix and not a sentence end.
                           (/= (point) (point-min))
                           (/= (point) (point-max))
                           (save-excursion
                             (beginning-of-line)
                             (looking-at line-prefix))
                           (>= (point) (match-beginning 0))
                           (/= (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
                           (or (< (point) (match-end 0))
                               (and
                                (= (point) (match-end 0))
                                ;; The comment prefix may contain
                                ;; characters that is regarded as end
                                ;; of sentence.
                                (or (eolp)
                                    (and
                                     (save-excursion
                                       (forward-paragraph -1)
                                       (< (point) (match-beginning 0)))
                                     (save-excursion
                                       (beginning-of-line)
                                       (or (not (re-search-backward
                                                 sentence-end
                                                 (c-point 'bopl)
                                                 t))
                                           (< (match-end 0)
                                              (c-point 'eol)))))))))
                      (setq count (+ count (if (< count 0) -1 1)))
                    (if (< count 0)
                        (progn
                          ;; In block comments, if there's only
                          ;; horizontal ws between the text and the
                          ;; comment ender, stop before it.  Stop after
                          ;; the ender if there's either nothing or
                          ;; newlines between.
                          (when (and (eq lit-type 'c)
                                     (eq (point) (point-max)))
                            (widen)
                            (when (or (= (skip-chars-backward " \t") 0)
                                      (eq (point) (point-max))
                                      (bolp))
                              (goto-char (cdr range)))))
                      (when (and (eq (point) (point-min))
                                 (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$"))
                        ;; Stop before instead of after the comment
                        ;; starter if nothing follows it.
                        (widen)
                        (goto-char (car range))
                        (if (and (eq lit-type 'string) (/= (point) here))
                            (setq count (1+ count)
                                  range nil))))))
                ;; See if we should escape the literal.
                (if (> count 0)
                    (if (< (point) here)
                        (setq count (1- count))
                      (goto-char (car range))
                      (setq range nil))
                  (if (> (point) here)
                      (setq count (1+ count))
                    (goto-char (cdr range))
                    (setq range nil))))
            (goto-char (if (> count 0) (car range) (cdr range)))
            (setq range nil))
        (goto-char here)
        (if (> count 0)
            (condition-case nil
                ;; Stop before `{' and after `;', `{', `}' and `};'
                ;; when not followed by `}' or `)', but on the other
                ;; side of the syntactic ws.  Move by sexps and move
                ;; into parens.  Also stop before `#' when it's at boi
                ;; on a line.
                (let ((literal-pos (not sentence-flag))
                      (large-enough (- (point-max)))
                      last last-below-line)
                  (catch 'done
                    (while t
                      (setq last (point))
                      (when (and (or (eq (char-after) ?\{)
                                     (and (eq (char-after) ?#)
                                          (eq (point) (c-point 'boi)))
                                     )
                                 (/= here last))
                        (unless (and c-special-brace-lists
                                     (eq (char-after) ?{)
                                     (c-looking-at-special-brace-list))
                          (if (and (eq (char-after) ?#)
                                   (numberp last-below-line)
                                   (not (eq last-below-line here)))
                              (goto-char last-below-line))
                          (throw 'done t)))
                      ;; Don't know why I added the following, but it
                      ;; doesn't work when point is preceded by a line
                      ;; style comment. /mast
                      ;;(c-skip-ws-backward)
                      (if literal-pos
                          (c-forward-comment-lc large-enough)
                        (when (c-forward-comment-lc -1)
                          ;; Record position of first comment.
                          (save-excursion
                            (c-forward-comment-lc 1)
                            (setq literal-pos (point)))
                          (c-forward-comment-lc large-enough)))
                      (unless last-below-line
                        (if (save-excursion
                              (re-search-forward "\\(^\\|[^\\]\\)$" last t))
                            (setq last-below-line last)))
                      (cond ((bobp)     ; Must handle bob specially.
                             (if (= here last)
                                 (throw 'done t)
                               (goto-char last)
                               (throw 'done t)))
                            ((progn (backward-char)
                                    (looking-at "[;{}]"))
                             (if (and c-special-brace-lists
                                      (eq (char-after) ?{)
                                      (c-looking-at-special-brace-list))
                                 (skip-syntax-backward "w_") ; Speedup only.
                               (if (or (= here last)
                                       (memq (char-after last) '(?\) ?})))
                                   (if (and (eq (char-before) ?})
                                            (eq (char-after) ?\;))
                                       (backward-char))
                                 (goto-char last)
                                 (throw 'done t))))
                            ((= (char-syntax (char-after)) ?\")
                             (let ((end (point)))
                               (forward-char)
                               (c-backward-sexp)
                               (save-excursion
                                 (skip-chars-forward "^\n" end)
                                 (when (< (point) end)
                                   ;; Break at multiline string.
                                   (setq literal-pos (1+ end))
                                   (throw 'done t)))))
                            (t (skip-syntax-backward "w_")) ; Speedup only.
                            )))
                  (if (and (numberp literal-pos)
                           (< (point) literal-pos))
                      ;; We jumped over a comment or string that
                      ;; should be investigated.
                      (goto-char literal-pos)
                    (setq count (1- count))))
              (error
               (goto-char (point-min))
               (setq count 0)))
          (condition-case nil
              ;; Stop before `{', `}', and `#' when it's at boi on a
              ;; line, but on the other side of the syntactic ws, and
              ;; after `;', `}' and `};'.  Only stop before `{' if at
              ;; top level or inside braces, though.  Move by sexps
              ;; and move into parens.  Also stop at eol of lines
              ;; with `#' at the boi.
              (let ((literal-pos (not sentence-flag))
                    (large-enough (point-max))
                    last)
                (catch 'done
                  (while t
                    (setq last (point))
                    (if literal-pos
                        (c-forward-comment-lc large-enough)
                      (if (progn
                            (c-skip-ws-forward)
                            ;; Record position of first comment.
                            (setq literal-pos (point))
                            (c-forward-comment-lc 1))
                          (c-forward-comment-lc large-enough)
                        (setq literal-pos nil)))
                    (cond ((and (eq (char-after) ?{)
                                (not (and c-special-brace-lists
                                          (c-looking-at-special-brace-list)))
                                (/= here last)
                                (save-excursion
                                  (or (not (c-safe (up-list -1) t))
                                      (= (char-after) ?{))))
                           (goto-char last)
                           (throw 'done t))
                          ((and c-special-brace-lists
                                (eq (char-after) ?})
                                (save-excursion
                                  (and (c-safe (up-list -1) t)
                                       (c-looking-at-special-brace-list))))
                           (forward-char 1)
                           (skip-syntax-forward "w_")) ; Speedup only.
                          ((and (eq (char-after) ?})
                                (/= here last))
                           (goto-char last)
                           (throw 'done t))
;                         ((and (eq (char-after) ?#)
;                               (= (point) (c-point 'boi)))
;                          (if (= here last)
;                              (or (re-search-forward "\\(^\\|[^\\]\\)$" nil t)
;                                  (goto-char (point-max)))
;                            (goto-char last))
;                          (throw 'done t))
                          ((looking-at ";\\|};?")
                           (goto-char (match-end 0))
                           (throw 'done t))
                          ((= (char-syntax (char-after)) ?\")
                           (let ((beg (point)))
                             (c-forward-sexp)
                             (save-excursion
                               (skip-chars-backward "^\n" beg)
                               (when (> (point) beg)
                                 ;; Break at multiline string.
                                 (setq literal-pos beg)
                                 (throw 'done t)))))
                          (t
                           (forward-char 1)
                           (skip-syntax-forward "w_")) ; Speedup only.
                          )))
                (if (and (numberp literal-pos)
                         (> (point) literal-pos))
                    ;; We jumped over a comment that should be investigated.
                    (goto-char literal-pos)
                  (setq count (1+ count))))
            (error
             (goto-char (point-max))
             (setq count 0)))
          ))
      ;; If we haven't moved we're near a buffer limit.
      (when (and (not (zerop count)) (= (point) here))
        (goto-char (if (> count 0) (point-min) (point-max)))
        (setq count 0))))
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-end-of-statement (&optional count lim sentence-flag)
  "Go to the end of the innermost C statement.
With prefix arg, go forward N - 1 statements.  Move forward to the end
of the next statement if already at end, and move into nested blocks
\(use \\[forward-sexp] to skip over a block).  If within or next to a
comment or multiline string, move by sentences instead of statements.

When called from a program, this function takes 3 optional args: the
repetition count, a buffer position limit which is the farthest back
to search for the syntactic context, and a flag saying whether to do
sentence motion in or near comments and multiline strings."
  (interactive (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg)
                     nil t))
  (c-beginning-of-statement (- (or count 1)) lim sentence-flag)
  (c-keep-region-active))

\f
;; set up electric character functions to work with pending-del,
;; (a.k.a. delsel) mode.  All symbols get the t value except
;; the functions which delete, which gets 'supersede.
(mapcar
 (function
  (lambda (sym)
    (put sym 'delete-selection t)       ; for delsel (Emacs)
    (put sym 'pending-delete t)))       ; for pending-del (XEmacs)
 '(c-electric-pound
   c-electric-brace
   c-electric-slash
   c-electric-star
   c-electric-semi&comma
   c-electric-lt-gt
   c-electric-colon
   c-electric-paren))
(put 'c-electric-delete    'delete-selection 'supersede) ; delsel
(put 'c-electric-delete    'pending-delete   'supersede) ; pending-del
(put 'c-electric-backspace 'delete-selection 'supersede) ; delsel
(put 'c-electric-backspace 'pending-delete   'supersede) ; pending-del
(put 'c-electric-delete-forward 'delete-selection 'supersede) ; delsel
(put 'c-electric-delete-forward 'pending-delete   'supersede) ; pending-del

\f
(defun c-calc-comment-indent (entry)
  (if (symbolp entry)
      (setq entry (or (assq entry c-indent-comment-alist)
                      (assq 'other c-indent-comment-alist)
                      '(default . (column . nil)))))
  (let ((action (car (cdr entry)))
        (value (cdr (cdr entry)))
        (col (current-column)))
    (cond ((eq action 'space)
           (+ col value))
          ((eq action 'column)
           (unless value (setq value comment-column))
           (if (bolp)
               ;; Do not pad with one space if we're at bol.
               value
             (max (1+ col) value)))
          ((eq action 'align)
           (or (save-excursion
                 (beginning-of-line)
                 (unless (bobp)
                   (backward-char)
                   (let ((lim (c-literal-limits (c-point 'bol) t)))
                     (when (consp lim)
                       (goto-char (car lim))
                       (when (looking-at "/[/*]")
                         ;; Found comment to align with.
                         (if (bolp)
                             ;; Do not pad with one space if we're at bol.
                             0
                           (max (1+ col) (current-column))))))))
               ;; Recurse to handle value as a new spec.
               (c-calc-comment-indent (cdr entry)))))))

;; To avoid warning about assignment without reference wrt
;; c-add-syntax below.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar syntactic-relpos)

(defun c-comment-indent ()
  "Used by `indent-for-comment' to create and indent comments.
See `c-indent-comment-alist' for a description."
  (save-excursion
    (end-of-line)
    (let* ((eot (let ((lim (c-literal-limits (c-point 'bol) t)))
                  (or (when (consp lim)
                        (goto-char (car lim))
                        (when (looking-at "/[/*]")
                          (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                          (point)))
                      (progn
                        (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                        (point)))))
           (line-type
            (cond ((looking-at "^/[/*]")
                   'anchored-comment)
                  ((progn (beginning-of-line)
                          (eq (point) eot))
                   'empty-line)
                  ((progn (back-to-indentation)
                          (and (eq (char-after) ?})
                               (eq (point) (1- eot))))
                   'end-block)
                  ((and (looking-at "#[ \t]*\\(endif\\|else\\)")
                        (eq (match-end 0) eot))
                   'cpp-end-block)
                  (t
                   'other))))
      (if (and (memq line-type '(anchored-comment empty-line))
               c-indent-comments-syntactically-p)
          (let ((syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))
                syntactic-relpos)
            ;; BOGOSITY ALERT: if we're looking at the eol, its
            ;; because indent-for-comment hasn't put the comment-start
            ;; in the buffer yet.  this will screw up the syntactic
            ;; analysis so we kludge in the necessary info.  Another
            ;; kludge is that if we're at the bol, then we really want
            ;; to ignore any anchoring as specified by
            ;; c-comment-only-line-offset since it doesn't apply here.
            (if (eolp)
                (c-add-syntax 'comment-intro))
            (let ((c-comment-only-line-offset
                   (if (consp c-comment-only-line-offset)
                       c-comment-only-line-offset
                     (cons c-comment-only-line-offset
                           c-comment-only-line-offset))))
              (c-get-syntactic-indentation syntax)))
        (goto-char eot)
        (c-calc-comment-indent line-type)))))

\f
;; used by outline-minor-mode
(defun c-outline-level ()
  (let (buffer-invisibility-spec);; This so that `current-column' DTRT
                                 ;; in otherwise-hidden text.
    (save-excursion
      (skip-chars-forward "\t ")
      (current-column))))

\f
(defun c-up-conditional (count)
  "Move back to the containing preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
move forward to the end of the containing preprocessor conditional.

`#elif' is treated like `#else' followed by `#if', so the function
stops at them when going backward, but not when going forward."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-forward-conditional (- count) -1)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-up-conditional-with-else (count)
  "Move back to the containing preprocessor conditional, including `#else'.
Just like `c-up-conditional', except it also stops at `#else'
directives."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-forward-conditional (- count) -1 t)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-down-conditional (count)
  "Move forward into the next preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
move backward into the previous preprocessor conditional.

`#elif' is treated like `#else' followed by `#if', so the function
stops at them when going forward, but not when going backward."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-forward-conditional count 1)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-down-conditional-with-else (count)
  "Move forward into the next preprocessor conditional, including `#else'.
Just like `c-down-conditional', except it also stops at `#else'
directives."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-forward-conditional count 1 t)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-backward-conditional (count &optional target-depth with-else)
  "Move back across a preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
move forward across a preprocessor conditional."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-forward-conditional (- count) target-depth with-else)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defun c-forward-conditional (count &optional target-depth with-else)
  "Move forward across a preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
move backward across a preprocessor conditional.

`#elif' is treated like `#else' followed by `#if', except that the
nesting level isn't changed when tracking subconditionals.

The optional argument TARGET-DEPTH specifies the wanted nesting depth
after each scan.  I.e. if TARGET-DEPTH is -1, the function will move
out of the enclosing conditional.  A non-integer non-nil TARGET-DEPTH
counts as -1.

If the optional argument WITH-ELSE is non-nil, `#else' directives are
treated as conditional clause limits.  Normally they are ignored."
  (interactive "p")
  (let* ((forward (> count 0))
         (increment (if forward -1 1))
         (search-function (if forward 're-search-forward 're-search-backward))
         (new))
    (unless (integerp target-depth)
      (setq target-depth (if target-depth -1 0)))
    (save-excursion
      (while (/= count 0)
        (let ((depth 0)
              ;; subdepth is the depth in "uninteresting" subtrees,
              ;; i.e. those that takes us farther from the target
              ;; depth instead of closer.
              (subdepth 0)
              found)
          (save-excursion
            ;; Find the "next" significant line in the proper direction.
            (while (and (not found)
                        ;; Rather than searching for a # sign that
                        ;; comes at the beginning of a line aside from
                        ;; whitespace, search first for a string
                        ;; starting with # sign.  Then verify what
                        ;; precedes it.  This is faster on account of
                        ;; the fastmap feature of the regexp matcher.
                        (funcall search-function
                                 "#[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|endif\\|else\\)"
                                 nil t))
              (beginning-of-line)
              ;; Now verify it is really a preproc line.
              (if (looking-at "^[ \t]*#[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|endif\\|else\\)")
                  (let (dchange (directive (match-string 1)))
                    (cond ((string= directive "if")
                           (setq dchange (- increment)))
                          ((string= directive "endif")
                           (setq dchange increment))
                          ((= subdepth 0)
                           ;; When we're not in an "uninteresting"
                           ;; subtree, we might want to act on "elif"
                           ;; and "else" too.
                           (if (cond (with-else
                                      ;; Always move toward the target depth.
                                      (setq dchange
                                            (if (> target-depth 0) 1 -1)))
                                     ((string= directive "elif")
                                      (setq dchange (- increment))))
                               ;; Ignore the change if it'd take us
                               ;; into an "uninteresting" subtree.
                               (if (eq (> dchange 0) (<= target-depth 0))
                                   (setq dchange nil)))))
                    (when dchange
                      (when (or (/= subdepth 0)
                                (eq (> dchange 0) (<= target-depth 0)))
                        (setq subdepth (+ subdepth dchange)))
                      (setq depth (+ depth dchange))
                      ;; If we are trying to move across, and we find an
                      ;; end before we find a beginning, get an error.
                      (if (and (< depth target-depth) (< dchange 0))
                          (error (if forward
                                     "No following conditional at this level"
                                   "No previous conditional at this level"))))
                    ;; When searching forward, start from next line so
                    ;; that we don't find the same line again.
                    (if forward (forward-line 1))
                    ;; We found something if we've arrived at the
                    ;; target depth.
                    (if (and dchange (= depth target-depth))
                        (setq found (point))))
                ;; else
                (if forward (forward-line 1)))))
          (or found
              (error "No containing preprocessor conditional"))
          (goto-char (setq new found)))
        (setq count (+ count increment))))
    (push-mark)
    (goto-char new))
  (c-keep-region-active))

\f
;; commands to indent lines, regions, defuns, and expressions
(defun c-indent-command (&optional arg)
  "Indent current line as C code, and/or insert some whitespace.

If `c-tab-always-indent' is t, always just indent the current line.
If nil, indent the current line only if point is at the left margin or
in the line's indentation; otherwise insert some whitespace[*].  If
other than nil or t, then some whitespace[*] is inserted only within
literals (comments and strings) and inside preprocessor directives,
but the line is always reindented.

If `c-syntactic-indentation' is t, indentation is done according to
the syntactic context.  A numeric argument, regardless of its value,
means indent rigidly all the lines of the expression starting after
point so that this line becomes properly indented.  The relative
indentation among the lines of the expression is preserved.

If `c-syntactic-indentation' is nil, the line is just indented one
step according to `c-basic-offset'.  In this mode, a numeric argument
indents a number of such steps, positive or negative, and an empty
prefix argument is equivalent to -1.

  [*] The amount and kind of whitespace inserted is controlled by the
  variable `c-insert-tab-function', which is called to do the actual
  insertion of whitespace.  Normally the function in this variable
  just inserts a tab character, or the equivalent number of spaces,
  depending on the variable `indent-tabs-mode'."

  (interactive "p")
  (let ((indent-function
         (if c-syntactic-indentation
             (symbol-function 'indent-according-to-mode)
           (lambda ()
             (let ((c-macro-start c-macro-start)
                   (steps (cond ((not current-prefix-arg) 1)
                                ((equal current-prefix-arg '(4)) -1)
                                (t arg))))
               (c-shift-line-indentation (* steps c-basic-offset))
               (when (and c-auto-align-backslashes
                          (save-excursion
                            (end-of-line)
                            (eq (char-before) ?\\))
                          (c-query-and-set-macro-start))
                 ;; Realign the line continuation backslash if inside a macro.
                 (c-backslash-region (point) (point) nil t)))
             ))))
    (if (and c-syntactic-indentation current-prefix-arg)
        ;; If c-syntactic-indentation and got arg, always indent this
        ;; line as C and shift remaining lines of expression the same
        ;; amount.
        (let ((shift-amt (save-excursion
                           (back-to-indentation)
                           (current-column)))
              beg end)
          (c-indent-line)
          (setq shift-amt (- (save-excursion
                               (back-to-indentation)
                               (current-column))
                             shift-amt))
          (save-excursion
            (if (eq c-tab-always-indent t)
                (beginning-of-line))
            (setq beg (point))
            (c-forward-sexp 1)
            (setq end (point))
            (goto-char beg)
            (forward-line 1)
            (setq beg (point)))
          (if (> end beg)
              (indent-code-rigidly beg end shift-amt "#")))
      ;; Else use c-tab-always-indent to determine behavior.
      (cond
       ;; CASE 1: indent when at column zero or in lines indentation,
       ;; otherwise insert a tab
       ((not c-tab-always-indent)
        (if (save-excursion
              (skip-chars-backward " \t")
              (not (bolp)))
            (funcall c-insert-tab-function)
          (funcall indent-function)))
       ;; CASE 2: just indent the line
       ((eq c-tab-always-indent t)
        (funcall indent-function))
       ;; CASE 3: if in a literal, insert a tab, but always indent the
       ;; line
       (t
        (if (c-in-literal)
            (funcall c-insert-tab-function))
        (funcall indent-function)
        )))))

(defun c-indent-exp (&optional shutup-p)
  "Indent each line in the balanced expression following point syntactically.
If optional SHUTUP-P is non-nil, no errors are signalled if no
balanced expression is found."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let ((here (point-marker))
        end)
    (set-marker-insertion-type here t)
    (unwind-protect
        (let ((start (save-restriction
                       ;; Find the closest following open paren that
                       ;; ends on another line.
                       (narrow-to-region (point-min) (c-point 'eol))
                       (let (beg (end (point)))
                         (while (and (setq beg (c-down-list-forward end))
                                     (setq end (c-up-list-forward beg))))
                         (and beg
                              (eq (char-syntax (char-before beg)) ?\()
                              (1- beg))))))
          ;; sanity check
          (if (not start)
             (unless shutup-p
               (error "Cannot find start of balanced expression to indent"))
            (goto-char start)
            (setq end (c-safe (scan-sexps (point) 1)))
            (if (not end)
                (unless shutup-p
                  (error "Cannot find end of balanced expression to indent"))
              (forward-line)
              (if (< (point) end)
                  (c-indent-region (point) end)))))
      (goto-char here)
      (set-marker here nil))))

(defun c-indent-defun ()
  "Indent the current top-level declaration or macro syntactically.
In the macro case this also has the effect of realigning any line
continuation backslashes, unless `c-auto-align-backslashes' is nil."
  (interactive "*")
  (let ((here (point-marker)) decl-limits)
    ;; We try to be line oriented, unless there are several
    ;; declarations on the same line.
    (if (looking-at c-syntactic-eol)
        (c-backward-token-1 1 nil (c-point 'bol))
      (c-forward-token-1 0 nil (c-point 'eol)))
    (unwind-protect
        (if (setq decl-limits (c-declaration-limits nil))
            (c-indent-region (car decl-limits)
                             (cdr decl-limits)))
      (goto-char here)
      (set-marker here nil))))

(defun c-indent-region (start end &optional quiet)
  "Indent syntactically every line whose first char is between START
and END inclusive.  If the optional argument QUIET is non-nil then no
syntactic errors are reported, even if `c-report-syntactic-errors' is
non-nil."
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char end)
    (skip-chars-backward " \t\n\r")
    (setq end (point))
    (goto-char start)
    ;; Advance to first nonblank line.
    (beginning-of-line)
    (skip-chars-forward " \t\n\r")
    (setq start (point))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq c-parsing-error
          (or (let ((endmark (copy-marker end))
                    (c-parsing-error nil)
                    ;; shut up any echo msgs on indiv lines
                    (c-echo-syntactic-information-p nil)
                    (in-macro (and c-auto-align-backslashes
                                   (save-excursion (c-beginning-of-macro))
                                   start))
                    (c-fix-backslashes nil)
                    syntax)
                (unwind-protect
                    (progn
                      (c-progress-init start end 'c-indent-region)
                      (while (and (bolp)
                                  (not (eobp))
                                  (< (point) endmark))
                        ;; update progress
                        (c-progress-update)
                        ;; skip empty lines
                        (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
                        (beginning-of-line)
                        ;; Get syntax and indent.
                        (setq syntax (c-guess-basic-syntax))
                        (if (and c-auto-align-backslashes
                                 (assq 'cpp-macro syntax))
                            ;; Record macro start.
                            (setq in-macro (point)))
                        (if in-macro
                            (if (looking-at "\\s *\\\\$")
                                (forward-line)
                              (c-indent-line syntax t t)
                              (if (progn (end-of-line)
                                         (not (eq (char-before) ?\\)))
                                  (progn
                                    ;; Fixup macro backslashes.
                                    (forward-line)
                                    (c-backslash-region in-macro (point) nil)
                                    (setq in-macro nil))
                                (forward-line)))
                          (c-indent-line syntax t t)
                          (forward-line)))
                      (if in-macro
                          (c-backslash-region in-macro (c-point 'bopl) nil t)))
                  (set-marker endmark nil)
                  (c-progress-fini 'c-indent-region))
                (c-echo-parsing-error quiet))
              c-parsing-error))))

(defun c-fn-region-is-active-p ()
  ;; Function version of the macro for use in places that aren't
  ;; compiled, e.g. in the menus.
  (c-region-is-active-p))

(defun c-indent-line-or-region ()
  "When the region is active, indent it syntactically.  Otherwise
indent the current line syntactically."
  ;; Emacs has a variable called mark-active, XEmacs uses region-active-p
  (interactive)
  (if (c-region-is-active-p)
      (c-indent-region (region-beginning) (region-end))
    (c-indent-line)))

\f
;; for progress reporting
(defvar c-progress-info nil)

(defun c-progress-init (start end context)
  (cond
   ;; Be silent
   ((not c-progress-interval))
   ;; Start the progress update messages.  If this Emacs doesn't have
   ;; a built-in timer, just be dumb about it.
   ((not (fboundp 'current-time))
    (message "Indenting region... (this may take a while)"))
   ;; If progress has already been initialized, do nothing. otherwise
   ;; initialize the counter with a vector of:
   ;;     [start end lastsec context]
   (c-progress-info)
   (t (setq c-progress-info (vector start
                                    (save-excursion
                                      (goto-char end)
                                      (point-marker))
                                    (nth 1 (current-time))
                                    context))
      (message "Indenting region..."))
   ))

(defun c-progress-update ()
  ;; update progress
  (if (not (and c-progress-info c-progress-interval))
      nil
    (let ((now (nth 1 (current-time)))
          (start (aref c-progress-info 0))
          (end (aref c-progress-info 1))
          (lastsecs (aref c-progress-info 2)))
      ;; should we update?  currently, update happens every 2 seconds,
      ;; what's the right value?
      (if (< c-progress-interval (- now lastsecs))
          (progn
            (message "Indenting region... (%d%% complete)"
                     (/ (* 100 (- (point) start)) (- end start)))
            (aset c-progress-info 2 now)))
      )))

(defun c-progress-fini (context)
  ;; finished
  (if (not c-progress-interval)
      nil
    (if (or (eq context (aref c-progress-info 3))
            (eq context t))
        (progn
          (set-marker (aref c-progress-info 1) nil)
          (setq c-progress-info nil)
          (message "Indenting region... done")))))


\f
;;; This page handles insertion and removal of backslashes for C macros.

(defun c-backslash-region (from to delete-flag &optional line-mode)
  "Insert, align, or delete end-of-line backslashes on the lines in the region.
With no argument, inserts backslashes and aligns existing backslashes.
With an argument, deletes the backslashes.  The backslash alignment is
done according to the settings in `c-backslash-column',
`c-backslash-max-column' and `c-auto-align-backslashes'.

This function does not modify blank lines at the start of the region.
If the region ends at the start of a line and the macro doesn't
continue below it, the backslash (if any) at the end of the previous
line is deleted.

You can put the region around an entire macro definition and use this
command to conveniently insert and align the necessary backslashes."
  (interactive "*r\nP")
  (let ((endmark (make-marker))
        ;; Keep the backslash trimming functions from changing the
        ;; whitespace around point, since in this case it's only the
        ;; position of point that tells the indentation of the line.
        (point-pos (if (save-excursion
                         (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                         (and (bolp) (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$")))
                       (point-marker)
                     (point-min)))
        column longest-line-col bs-col-after-end)
    (save-excursion
      (goto-char to)
      (if (and (not line-mode) (bobp))
          ;; Nothing to do if to is at bob, since we should back up
          ;; and there's no line to back up to.
          nil
        (when (and (not line-mode) (bolp))
          ;; Do not back up the to line if line-mode is set, to make
          ;; e.g. c-newline-and-indent consistent regardless whether
          ;; the (newline) call leaves point at bol or not.
          (backward-char)
          (setq to (point)))
        (if delete-flag
            (progn
              (set-marker endmark (point))
              (goto-char from)
              (c-delete-backslashes-forward endmark point-pos))
          ;; Set bs-col-after-end to the column of any backslash
          ;; following the region, or nil if there is none.
          (setq bs-col-after-end
                (and (progn (end-of-line)
                            (eq (char-before) ?\\))
                     (= (forward-line 1) 0)
                     (progn (end-of-line)
                            (eq (char-before) ?\\))
                     (1- (current-column))))
          (when line-mode
            ;; Back up the to line if line-mode is set, since the line
            ;; after the newly inserted line break should not be
            ;; touched in c-newline-and-indent.
            (setq to (max from (or (c-safe (c-point 'eopl)) from)))
            (unless bs-col-after-end
              ;; Set bs-col-after-end to non-nil in any case, since we
              ;; do not want to delete the backslash at the last line.
              (setq bs-col-after-end t)))
          (if (and line-mode
                   (not c-auto-align-backslashes))
              (goto-char from)
            ;; Compute the smallest column number past the ends of all
            ;; the lines.
            (setq longest-line-col 0)
            (goto-char to)
            (if bs-col-after-end
                ;; Include one more line in the max column
                ;; calculation, since the to line will be backslashed
                ;; too.
                (forward-line 1))
            (end-of-line)
            (while (and (>= (point) from)
                        (progn
                          (if (eq (char-before) ?\\)
                              (forward-char -1))
                          (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                          (setq longest-line-col (max longest-line-col
                                                      (1+ (current-column))))
                          (beginning-of-line)
                          (not (bobp))))
              (backward-char))
            ;; Try to align with surrounding backslashes.
            (goto-char from)
            (beginning-of-line)
            (if (and (not (bobp))
                     (progn (backward-char)
                            (eq (char-before) ?\\)))
                (progn
                  (setq column (1- (current-column)))
                  (if (numberp bs-col-after-end)
                      ;; Both a preceding and a following backslash.
                      ;; Choose the greatest of them.
                      (setq column (max column bs-col-after-end)))
                  (goto-char from))
              ;; No preceding backslash.  Try to align with one
              ;; following the region.  Disregard the backslash at the
              ;; to line since it's likely to be bogus (e.g. when
              ;; called from c-newline-and-indent).
              (if (numberp bs-col-after-end)
                  (setq column bs-col-after-end))
              ;; Don't modify blank lines at start of region.
              (goto-char from)
              (while (and (< (point) to) (bolp) (eolp))
                (forward-line 1)))
            (if (and column (< column longest-line-col))
                ;; Don't try to align with surrounding backslashes if
                ;; any line is too long.
                (setq column nil))
            (unless column
              ;; Impose minimum limit and tab width alignment only if
              ;; we can't align with surrounding backslashes.
              (if (> (% longest-line-col tab-width) 0)
                  (setq longest-line-col
                        (* (/ (+ longest-line-col tab-width -1)
                              tab-width)
                           tab-width)))
              (setq column (max c-backslash-column
                                longest-line-col)))
            ;; Always impose maximum limit.
            (setq column (min column c-backslash-max-column)))
          (if bs-col-after-end
              ;; Add backslashes on all lines if the macro continues
              ;; after the to line.
              (progn
                (set-marker endmark to)
                (c-append-backslashes-forward endmark column point-pos))
            ;; Add backslashes on all lines except the last, and
            ;; remove any on the last line.
            (if (save-excursion
                  (goto-char to)
                  (beginning-of-line)
                  (if (not (bobp))
                      (set-marker endmark (1- (point)))))
                (progn
                  (c-append-backslashes-forward endmark column point-pos)
                  ;; The function above leaves point on the line
                  ;; following endmark.
                  (set-marker endmark (point)))
              (set-marker endmark to))
            (c-delete-backslashes-forward endmark point-pos)))))
    (set-marker endmark nil)
    (if (markerp point-pos)
        (set-marker point-pos nil))))

(defun c-append-backslashes-forward (to-mark column point-pos)
  (let ((state (parse-partial-sexp (c-point 'bol) (point))))
    (if column
        (while
            (and
             (<= (point) to-mark)

             (let ((start (point)) (inserted nil) end col)
               (end-of-line)
               (unless (eq (char-before) ?\\)
                 (insert ?\\)
                 (setq inserted t))
               (setq state (parse-partial-sexp
                            start (point) nil nil state))
               (backward-char)
               (setq col (current-column))

               ;; Avoid unnecessary changes of the buffer.
               (cond ((and (not inserted) (nth 3 state))
                      ;; Don't realign backslashes in string literals
                      ;; since that would change them.
                      )

                     ((< col column)
                      (delete-region
                       (point)
                       (progn
                         (skip-chars-backward
                          " \t" (if (>= (point) point-pos) point-pos))
                         (point)))
                      (indent-to column))

                     ((and (= col column)
                           (memq (char-before) '(?\  ?\t))))

                     ((progn
                        (setq end (point))
                        (or (/= (skip-chars-backward
                                 " \t" (if (>= (point) point-pos) point-pos))
                                -1)
                            (/= (char-after) ?\ )))
                      (delete-region (point) end)
                      (indent-to column 1)))

               (= (forward-line 1) 0))))

      ;; Make sure there are backslashes with at least one space in
      ;; front of them.
      (while
          (and
           (<= (point) to-mark)

           (let ((start (point)))
             (end-of-line)
             (setq state (parse-partial-sexp
                          start (point) nil nil state))

             (if (eq (char-before) ?\\)
                 (unless (nth 3 state)
                   (backward-char)
                   (unless (and (memq (char-before) '(?\  ?\t))
                                (/= (point) point-pos))
                     (insert ?\ )))

               (if (and (memq (char-before) '(?\  ?\t))
                        (/= (point) point-pos))
                   (insert ?\\)
                 (insert ?\  ?\\)))

             (= (forward-line 1) 0)))))))

(defun c-delete-backslashes-forward (to-mark point-pos)
  (while
      (and (<= (point) to-mark)
           (progn
             (end-of-line)
             (if (eq (char-before) ?\\)
                 (delete-region
                  (point)
                  (progn (backward-char)
                         (skip-chars-backward " \t" (if (>= (point) point-pos)
                                                        point-pos))
                         (point))))
             (= (forward-line 1) 0)))))


\f
;;; Line breaking and paragraph filling.

(defvar c-auto-fill-prefix t)
(defvar c-lit-limits nil)
(defvar c-lit-type nil)

;; The filling code is based on a simple theory; leave the intricacies
;; of the text handling to the currently active mode for that
;; (e.g. adaptive-fill-mode or filladapt-mode) and do as little as
;; possible to make them work correctly wrt the comment and string
;; separators, one-line paragraphs etc.  Unfortunately, when it comes
;; to it, there's quite a lot of special cases to handle which makes
;; the code anything but simple.  The intention is that it will work
;; with any well-written text filling package that preserves a fill
;; prefix.
;;
;; We temporarily mask comment starters and enders as necessary for
;; the filling code to do its job on a seemingly normal text block.
;; We do _not_ mask the fill prefix, so it's up to the filling code to
;; preserve it correctly (especially important when filling C++ style
;; line comments).  By default, we set up and use adaptive-fill-mode,
;; which is standard in all supported Emacs flavors.

(defun c-guess-fill-prefix (lit-limits lit-type)
  ;; Determine the appropriate comment fill prefix for a block or line
  ;; comment.  Return a cons of the prefix string and the column where
  ;; it ends.  If fill-prefix is set, it'll override.  Note that this
  ;; function also uses the value of point in some heuristics.
  (let* ((here (point))
         (prefix-regexp (concat "[ \t]*\\("
                                c-current-comment-prefix
                                "\\)[ \t]*"))
         (comment-start-regexp (if (eq lit-type 'c++)
                                   prefix-regexp
                                 comment-start-skip))
         prefix-line comment-prefix res comment-text-end)
    (cond
     (fill-prefix
      (setq res (cons fill-prefix
                      ;; Ugly way of getting the column after the fill
                      ;; prefix; it'd be nice with a current-column
                      ;; that works on strings..
                      (let ((buffer-modified (buffer-modified-p))
                            (buffer-undo-list t)
                            (start (point)))
                        (unwind-protect
                            (progn
                              (insert-and-inherit "\n" fill-prefix)
                              (current-column))
                          (delete-region start (point))
                          (set-buffer-modified-p buffer-modified))))))
     ((eq lit-type 'c++)
      (save-excursion
        ;; Set fallback for comment-prefix if none is found.
        (setq comment-prefix "// "
              comment-text-end (cdr lit-limits))
        (beginning-of-line)
        (if (> (point) (car lit-limits))
            ;; The current line is not the comment starter, so the
            ;; comment has more than one line, and it can therefore be
            ;; used to find the comment fill prefix.
            (setq prefix-line (point))
          (goto-char (car lit-limits))
          (if (and (= (forward-line 1) 0)
                   (< (point) (cdr lit-limits)))
              ;; The line after the comment starter is inside the
              ;; comment, so we can use it.
              (setq prefix-line (point))
            ;; The comment is only one line.  Take the comment prefix
            ;; from it and keep the indentation.
            (goto-char (car lit-limits))
            (if (looking-at prefix-regexp)
                (goto-char (match-end 0))
              (forward-char 2)
              (skip-chars-forward " \t"))
            (let (str col)
              (if (eq (c-point 'boi) (car lit-limits))
                  ;; There is only whitespace before the comment
                  ;; starter; take the prefix straight from this line.
                  (setq str (buffer-substring-no-properties
                             (c-point 'bol) (point))
                        col (current-column))
                ;; There is code before the comment starter, so we
                ;; have to temporarily insert and indent a new line to
                ;; get the right space/tab mix in the indentation.
                (let ((buffer-modified (buffer-modified-p))
                      (buffer-undo-list t)
                      (prefix-len (- (point) (car lit-limits)))
                      tmp)
                  (unwind-protect
                      (progn
                        (goto-char (car lit-limits))
                        (indent-to (prog1 (current-column)
                                     (insert ?\n)))
                        (setq tmp (point))
                        (forward-char prefix-len)
                        (setq str (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                   (c-point 'bol) (point))
                              col (current-column)))
                    (delete-region (car lit-limits) tmp)
                    (set-buffer-modified-p buffer-modified))))
              (setq res
                    (if (or (string-match "\\s \\'" str) (not (eolp)))
                        (cons str col)
                      ;; The prefix ends the line with no whitespace
                      ;; after it.  Default to a single space.
                      (cons (concat str " ") (1+ col))))
              )))))
     (t
      (setq comment-text-end
            (save-excursion
              (goto-char (- (cdr lit-limits) 2))
              (if (looking-at "\\*/") (point) (cdr lit-limits))))
      (save-excursion
        (beginning-of-line)
        (if (and (> (point) (car lit-limits))
                 (not (and (looking-at "[ \t]*\\*/")
                           (eq (cdr lit-limits) (match-end 0)))))
            ;; The current line is not the comment starter and
            ;; contains more than just the ender, so it's good enough
            ;; to be used for the comment fill prefix.
            (setq prefix-line (point))
          (goto-char (car lit-limits))
          (if (or (/= (forward-line 1) 0)
                  (>= (point) (cdr lit-limits))
                  (and (looking-at "[ \t]*\\*/")
                       (eq (cdr lit-limits) (match-end 0)))
                  (and (looking-at prefix-regexp)
                       (<= (1- (cdr lit-limits)) (match-end 0)))
                  (and (< here (point))
                       (or (not (match-beginning 0))
                           (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$"))))
              ;; The comment is either one line or the next line
              ;; contains just the comment ender.  Also, if point is
              ;; on the comment opener line and the following line is
              ;; empty or doesn't match c-current-comment-prefix we
              ;; assume that this is in fact a not yet closed one line
              ;; comment, so we shouldn't look for the comment prefix
              ;; on the next line.  In these cases we have no
              ;; information about a suitable comment prefix, so we
              ;; resort to c-block-comment-prefix.
              (setq comment-prefix (or c-block-comment-prefix "")
                    res (let ((buffer-modified (buffer-modified-p))
                              (buffer-undo-list t)
                              tmp-pre tmp-post)
                          ;; The comment doesn't give any information
                          ;; about the indentation column.  We'll have to
                          ;; temporarily insert a new comment line and
                          ;; indent it to find the correct column.
                          (unwind-protect
                              (progn
                                (goto-char (car lit-limits))
                                (if (looking-at comment-start-regexp)
                                    (goto-char (min (match-end 0)
                                                    comment-text-end))
                                  (forward-char 2)
                                  (skip-chars-forward " \t"))
                                (when (eq (char-syntax (char-before)) ?\ )
                                  ;; If there's ws on the current
                                  ;; line, we'll use it instead of
                                  ;; what's ending comment-prefix.
                                  (setq comment-prefix
                                        (concat (substring comment-prefix
                                                           0 (string-match
                                                              "\\s *\\'"
                                                              comment-prefix))
                                                (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                                 (save-excursion
                                                   (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                                                   (point))
                                                 (point)))))
                                (setq tmp-pre (point-marker))
                                ;; We insert an extra non-whitespace
                                ;; character before the line break and
                                ;; after comment-prefix in case it's
                                ;; "" or ends with whitespace.
                                (insert-and-inherit "x\n" comment-prefix "x")
                                (setq tmp-post (point-marker))
                                (indent-according-to-mode)
                                (goto-char (1- tmp-post))
                                (cons (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                         (c-point 'bol) (point))
                                      (current-column)))
                            (when tmp-post
                              (delete-region tmp-pre tmp-post)
                              (set-marker tmp-pre nil)
                              (set-marker tmp-post nil))
                            (set-buffer-modified-p buffer-modified))))
            ;; Otherwise the line after the comment starter is good
            ;; enough to find the prefix in.
            (setq prefix-line (point)))))))
    (or res
        (save-excursion
          ;; prefix-line is the bol of a line on which we should try
          ;; to find the prefix.
          (let* (fb-string fb-endpos    ; Contains any fallback prefix found.
                 (test-line
                  (lambda ()
                    (when (and (looking-at prefix-regexp)
                               (<= (match-end 0) comment-text-end))
                      (unless (eq (match-end 0) (c-point 'eol))
                        ;; The match is fine if there's text after it.
                        (throw 'found (cons (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                             (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
                                            (progn (goto-char (match-end 0))
                                                   (current-column)))))
                      (unless fb-string
                        ;; This match is better than nothing, so let's
                        ;; remember it in case nothing better is found
                        ;; on another line.
                        (setq fb-string (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                         (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
                              fb-endpos (match-end 0)))
                      t))))
            (or (catch 'found
                  ;; Search for a line which has text after the prefix
                  ;; so that we get the proper amount of whitespace
                  ;; after it.  We start with the current line, then
                  ;; search backwards, then forwards.
                  (goto-char prefix-line)
                  (when (and (funcall test-line)
                             (or (/= (match-end 1) (match-end 0))
                                 ;; The whitespace is sucked up by the
                                 ;; first [ \t]* glob if the prefix is empty.
                                 (and (= (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
                                      (/= (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)))))
                    ;; If the current line doesn't have text but do
                    ;; have whitespace after the prefix, we'll use it.
                    (throw 'found (cons fb-string
                                        (progn (goto-char fb-endpos)
                                               (current-column)))))
                  (if (eq lit-type 'c++)
                      ;; For line comments we can search up to and
                      ;; including the first line.
                      (while (and (zerop (forward-line -1))
                                  (>= (point) (car lit-limits)))
                        (funcall test-line))
                    ;; For block comments we must stop before the
                    ;; block starter.
                    (while (and (zerop (forward-line -1))
                                (> (point) (car lit-limits)))
                      (funcall test-line)))
                  (goto-char prefix-line)
                  (while (and (zerop (forward-line 1))
                              (< (point) (cdr lit-limits)))
                    (funcall test-line))
                  (goto-char prefix-line)
                  nil)
                (when fb-string
                  ;; A good line wasn't found, but at least we have a
                  ;; fallback that matches the comment prefix regexp.
                  (cond ((or (string-match "\\s \\'" fb-string)
                             (progn
                               (goto-char fb-endpos)
                               (not (eolp))))
                         ;; There are ws or text after the prefix, so
                         ;; let's use it.
                         (cons fb-string (current-column)))
                        ((progn
                           ;; Check if there's any whitespace padding
                           ;; on the comment start line that we can
                           ;; use after the prefix.
                           (goto-char (car lit-limits))
                           (if (looking-at comment-start-regexp)
                               (goto-char (match-end 0))
                             (forward-char 2)
                             (skip-chars-forward " \t"))
                           (or (not (eolp))
                               (eq (char-syntax (char-before)) ?\ )))
                         (setq fb-string (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                          (save-excursion
                                            (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                                            (point))
                                          (point)))
                         (goto-char fb-endpos)
                         (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                         (let ((buffer-modified (buffer-modified-p))
                               (buffer-undo-list t)
                               (tmp (point)))
                           ;; Got to mess in the buffer once again to
                           ;; ensure the column gets correct.  :P
                           (unwind-protect
                               (progn
                                 (insert-and-inherit fb-string)
                                 (cons (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                        (c-point 'bol)
                                        (point))
                                       (current-column)))
                             (delete-region tmp (point))
                             (set-buffer-modified-p buffer-modified))))
                        (t
                         ;; Last resort: Just add a single space after
                         ;; the prefix.
                         (cons (concat fb-string " ")
                               (progn (goto-char fb-endpos)
                                      (1+ (current-column)))))))
                ;; The line doesn't match the comment prefix regexp.
                (if comment-prefix
                    ;; We have a fallback for line comments that we must use.
                    (cons (concat (buffer-substring-no-properties
                                   prefix-line (c-point 'boi))
                                  comment-prefix)
                          (progn (back-to-indentation)
                                 (+ (current-column) (length comment-prefix))))
                  ;; Assume we are dealing with a "free text" block
                  ;; comment where the lines doesn't have any comment
                  ;; prefix at all and we should just fill it as
                  ;; normal text.
                  '("" . 0))))))
    ))

(defun c-mask-comment (fill-paragraph apply-outside-literal fun &rest args)
  ;; Calls FUN with ARGS ar arguments.  If point is inside a comment,
  ;; the comment starter and ender are masked and the buffer is
  ;; narrowed to make it look like a normal paragraph during the call.
  ;;
  ;; FILL-PARAGRAPH is non-nil if called for paragraph filling.  The
  ;; position of point is then less significant when doing masking and
  ;; narrowing.
  (let (fill
        ;; beg and end limits the region to narrow.  end is a marker.
        beg end
        ;; tmp-pre and tmp-post mark strings that are temporarily
        ;; inserted at the start and end of the region.  tmp-pre is a
        ;; cons of the positions of the prepended string.  tmp-post is
        ;; a marker pointing to the single character of the appended
        ;; string.
        tmp-pre tmp-post
        ;; If hang-ender-stuck isn't nil, the comment ender is
        ;; hanging.  In that case it's set to the number of spaces
        ;; that should be between the text and the ender.
        hang-ender-stuck
        (here (point))
        (c-lit-limits c-lit-limits)
        (c-lit-type c-lit-type))
    ;; Restore point on undo.  It's necessary since we do a lot of
    ;; hidden inserts and deletes below that should be as transparent
    ;; as possible.
    (if (and buffer-undo-list (not (eq buffer-undo-list t)))
        (setq buffer-undo-list (cons (point) buffer-undo-list)))
    (save-restriction
      ;; Widen to catch comment limits correctly.
      (widen)
      (unless c-lit-limits
        (setq c-lit-limits (c-literal-limits nil fill-paragraph)))
      (setq c-lit-limits (c-collect-line-comments c-lit-limits))
      (unless c-lit-type
        (setq c-lit-type (c-literal-type c-lit-limits))))
    (save-excursion
      (unless (c-safe (backward-char)
                      (forward-paragraph)
                      (>= (point) here))
        (goto-char here)
        (forward-paragraph))
      (setq end (point-marker)))
    (save-excursion
      (unless (c-safe (forward-char)
                      (backward-paragraph)
                      (<= (point) here))
        (goto-char here)
        (backward-paragraph))
      (setq beg (point)))
    (unwind-protect
        (progn
          (cond
           ((eq c-lit-type 'c++)        ; Line comment.
            (save-excursion
              ;; Limit to the comment or paragraph end, whichever
              ;; comes first.
              (set-marker end (min end (cdr c-lit-limits)))
              (when (<= beg (car c-lit-limits))
                ;; The region includes the comment starter, so we must
                ;; check it.
                (goto-char (car c-lit-limits))
                (back-to-indentation)
                (if (eq (point) (car c-lit-limits))
                    ;; Include the first line in the region.
                    (setq beg (c-point 'bol))
                  ;; The first line contains code before the
                  ;; comment.  We must fake a line that doesn't.
                  (setq tmp-pre t)))
              ))
           ((eq c-lit-type 'c)          ; Block comment.
            (when (>= end (cdr c-lit-limits))
              ;; The region includes the comment ender which we might
              ;; want to keep together with the last word.
              (unless (save-excursion
                        (goto-char (cdr c-lit-limits))
                        (beginning-of-line)
                        (and (looking-at (concat "[ \t]*\\("
                                                 c-current-comment-prefix
                                                 "\\)\\*/"))
                             (eq (cdr c-lit-limits) (match-end 0))
                             ;; Leave the comment ender on its own line.
                             (set-marker end (point))))
                (when fill-paragraph
                  ;; The comment ender should hang.  Replace all cruft
                  ;; between it and the last word with one or two 'x'
                  ;; and include it in the region.  We'll change them
                  ;; back to spaces afterwards.
                  (let* ((ender-start (save-excursion
                                        (goto-char (cdr c-lit-limits))
                                        (skip-syntax-backward "^w ")
                                        (point)))
                         (point-rel (- ender-start here))
                         spaces)
                    (save-excursion
                      (goto-char (cdr c-lit-limits))
                      (setq tmp-post (point-marker))
                      (insert ?\n)
                      (set-marker end (point))
                      (forward-line -1)
                      (if (and (looking-at (concat "[ \t]*\\(\\("
                                                   c-current-comment-prefix
                                                   "\\)[ \t]*\\)"))
                               (eq ender-start (match-end 0)))
                          ;; The comment ender is prefixed by nothing
                          ;; but a comment line prefix.  Remove it
                          ;; along with surrounding ws.
                          (setq spaces (- (match-end 1) (match-end 2)))
                        (goto-char ender-start))
                      (skip-chars-backward " \t\r\n")
                      (if (/= (point) ender-start)
                          (progn
                            (if (<= here (point))
                                ;; Don't adjust point below if it's
                                ;; before the string we replace.
                                (setq point-rel -1))
                            ;; Keep one or two spaces between the text and
                            ;; the ender, depending on how many there are now.
                            (unless spaces
                              (setq spaces (- ender-start (point))))
                            (setq spaces
                                  (max (min spaces
                                            (if sentence-end-double-space 2 1))
                                       1))
                            ;; Insert the filler first to keep marks right.
                            (insert-char ?x spaces t)
                            (delete-region (point) (+ ender-start spaces))
                            (setq hang-ender-stuck spaces)
                            (setq point-rel
                                  (and (>= point-rel 0)
                                       (- (point) (min point-rel spaces)))))
                        (setq point-rel nil)))
                    (if point-rel
                        ;; Point was in the middle of the string we
                        ;; replaced above, so put it back in the same
                        ;; relative position, counting from the end.
                        (goto-char point-rel))
                    ))))
            (when (<= beg (car c-lit-limits))
              ;; The region includes the comment starter.
              (save-excursion
                (goto-char (car c-lit-limits))
                (if (looking-at (concat "\\(" comment-start-skip "\\)$"))
                    ;; Begin with the next line.
                    (setq beg (c-point 'bonl))
                  ;; Fake the fill prefix in the first line.
                  (setq tmp-pre t)))))
           ((eq c-lit-type 'string)     ; String.
            (save-excursion
              (when (>= end (cdr c-lit-limits))
                (goto-char (1- (cdr c-lit-limits)))
                (setq tmp-post (point-marker))
                (insert ?\n)
                (set-marker end (point)))
              (when (<= beg (car c-lit-limits))
                (goto-char (1+ (car c-lit-limits)))
                (setq beg (if (looking-at "\\\\$")
                              ;; Leave the start line if it's
                              ;; nothing but an escaped newline.
                              (1+ (match-end 0))
                            (point))))))
           (t (setq beg nil)))
          (when tmp-pre
            ;; Temporarily insert the fill prefix after the comment
            ;; starter so that the first line looks like any other
            ;; comment line in the narrowed region.
            (setq fill (c-guess-fill-prefix c-lit-limits c-lit-type))
            (unless (string-match (concat "\\`[ \t]*\\("
                                          c-current-comment-prefix
                                          "\\)[ \t]*\\'")
                                  (car fill))
              ;; Oops, the prefix doesn't match the comment prefix
              ;; regexp.  This could produce very confusing
              ;; results with adaptive fill packages together with
              ;; the insert prefix magic below, since the prefix
              ;; often doesn't appear at all.  So let's warn about
              ;; it.
              (message "\
Warning: Regexp from `c-comment-prefix-regexp' doesn't match the comment prefix %S"
                       (car fill)))
            ;; Find the right spot on the line, break it, insert
            ;; the fill prefix and make sure we're back in the
            ;; same column by temporarily prefixing the first word
            ;; with a number of 'x'.
            (save-excursion
              (goto-char (car c-lit-limits))
              (if (looking-at (if (eq c-lit-type 'c++)
                                  c-current-comment-prefix
                                comment-start-skip))
                  (goto-char (match-end 0))
                (forward-char 2)
                (skip-chars-forward " \t"))
              (while (and (< (current-column) (cdr fill))
                          (not (eolp)))
                (forward-char 1))
              (let ((col (current-column)))
                (setq beg (1+ (point))
                      tmp-pre (list (point)))
                (unwind-protect
                    (progn
                      (insert-and-inherit "\n" (car fill))
                      (insert-char ?x (- col (current-column)) t))
                  (setcdr tmp-pre (point))))))
          (if beg
              (let ((fill-prefix
                     (or fill-prefix
                         ;; Kludge: If the function that adapts the
                         ;; fill prefix doesn't produce the required
                         ;; comment starter for line comments, then
                         ;; force it by setting fill-prefix.
                         (when (and (eq c-lit-type 'c++)
                                    ;; Kludge the kludge:
                                    ;; filladapt-mode doesn't have
                                    ;; this problem, but it doesn't
                                    ;; override fill-context-prefix
                                    ;; currently (version 2.12).
                                    (not (and (boundp 'filladapt-mode)
                                              filladapt-mode))
                                    (not (string-match
                                          "\\`[ \t]*//"
                                          (or (fill-context-prefix beg end)
                                              ""))))
                           (car (or fill (c-guess-fill-prefix
                                          c-lit-limits c-lit-type))))))
                    ;; Save the relative position of point if it's
                    ;; outside the region we're going to narrow.  Want
                    ;; to restore it in that case, but otherwise it
                    ;; should be moved according to the called
                    ;; function.
                    (point-rel (cond ((< (point) beg) (- (point) beg))
                                     ((> (point) end) (- (point) end)))))
                ;; Preparations finally done! Now we can call the
                ;; actual function.
                (prog1
                    (save-restriction
                      (narrow-to-region beg end)
                      (apply fun args))
                  (if point-rel
                      ;; Restore point if it was outside the region.
                      (if (< point-rel 0)
                          (goto-char (+ beg point-rel))
                        (goto-char (+ end point-rel))))))
            (when apply-outside-literal
              (apply fun args))))
      (when (consp tmp-pre)
        (delete-region (car tmp-pre) (cdr tmp-pre)))
      (when tmp-post
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char tmp-post)
          (delete-char 1))
        (when hang-ender-stuck
          ;; Preserve point even if it's in the middle of the string
          ;; we replace; save-excursion doesn't work in that case.
          (setq here (point))
          (goto-char tmp-post)
          (skip-syntax-backward "^w ")
          (forward-char (- hang-ender-stuck))
          (insert-char ?\  hang-ender-stuck t)
          (delete-char hang-ender-stuck)
          (goto-char here))
        (set-marker tmp-post nil))
      (set-marker end nil))))

(defun c-fill-paragraph (&optional arg)
  "Like \\[fill-paragraph] but handles C and C++ style comments.
If any of the current line is a comment or within a comment, fill the
comment or the paragraph of it that point is in, preserving the
comment indentation or line-starting decorations (see the
`c-comment-prefix-regexp' and `c-block-comment-prefix' variables for
details).

If point is inside multiline string literal, fill it.  This currently
does not respect escaped newlines, except for the special case when it
is the very first thing in the string.  The intended use for this rule
is in situations like the following:

char description[] = \"\\
A very long description of something that you want to fill to make
nicely formatted output.\"\;

If point is in any other situation, i.e. in normal code, do nothing.

Optional prefix ARG means justify paragraph as well."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let ((fill-paragraph-function
         ;; Avoid infinite recursion.
         (if (not (eq fill-paragraph-function 'c-fill-paragraph))
             fill-paragraph-function)))
    (c-mask-comment t nil 'fill-paragraph arg))
  ;; Always return t.  This has the effect that if filling isn't done
  ;; above, it isn't done at all, and it's therefore effectively
  ;; disabled in normal code.
  t)

(defun c-do-auto-fill ()
  ;; Do automatic filling if not inside a context where it should be
  ;; ignored.
  (let ((c-auto-fill-prefix
         ;; The decision whether the line should be broken is actually
         ;; done in c-indent-new-comment-line, which do-auto-fill
         ;; calls to break lines.  We just set this special variable
         ;; so that we'll know when we're called from there.  It's
         ;; also used to detect whether fill-prefix is user set or
         ;; generated automatically by do-auto-fill.
         fill-prefix))
    (c-mask-comment nil t 'do-auto-fill)))

(defun c-indent-new-comment-line (&optional soft allow-auto-fill)
  "Break line at point and indent, continuing comment or macro if within one.
If inside a comment and `comment-multi-line' is non-nil, the
indentation and line prefix are preserved (see the
`c-comment-prefix-regexp' and `c-block-comment-prefix' variables for
details).  If inside a single line comment and `comment-multi-line' is
nil, a new comment of the same type is started on the next line and
indented as appropriate for comments.  If inside a macro, a line
continuation backslash is inserted and aligned as appropriate, and the
new line is indented according to `c-syntactic-indentation'.

If a fill prefix is specified, it overrides all the above."
  ;; allow-auto-fill is used from c-context-line-break to allow auto
  ;; filling to break the line more than once.  Since this function is
  ;; used from auto-fill itself, that's normally disabled to avoid
  ;; unnecessary recursion.
  (interactive)
  (let ((fill-prefix fill-prefix)
        (do-line-break
         (lambda ()
           (delete-horizontal-space)
           (if soft
               (insert-and-inherit ?\n)
             (newline (if allow-auto-fill nil 1)))))
        ;; Already know the literal type and limits when called from
        ;; c-context-line-break.
        (c-lit-limits c-lit-limits)
        (c-lit-type c-lit-type)
        (c-macro-start c-macro-start))
    (when (not (eq c-auto-fill-prefix t))
      ;; Called from do-auto-fill.
      (unless c-lit-limits
        (setq c-lit-limits (c-literal-limits nil nil t)))
      (unless c-lit-type
        (setq c-lit-type (c-literal-type c-lit-limits)))
      (if (memq (cond ((c-query-and-set-macro-start) 'cpp)
                      ((null c-lit-type) 'code)
                      (t c-lit-type))
                c-ignore-auto-fill)
          (setq fill-prefix t)          ; Used as flag in the cond.
        (if (and (null c-auto-fill-prefix)
                 (eq c-lit-type 'c)
                 (<= (c-point 'bol) (car c-lit-limits)))
            ;; The adaptive fill function has generated a prefix, but
            ;; we're on the first line in a block comment so it'll be
            ;; wrong.  Ignore it to guess a better one below.
            (setq fill-prefix nil)
          (when (and (eq c-lit-type 'c++)
                     (not (string-match "\\`[ \t]*//" (or fill-prefix ""))))
            ;; Kludge: If the function that adapted the fill prefix
            ;; doesn't produce the required comment starter for line
            ;; comments, then we ignore it.
            (setq fill-prefix nil)))
        ))
    (cond ((eq fill-prefix t)
           ;; A call from do-auto-fill which should be ignored.
           )
          (fill-prefix
           ;; A fill-prefix overrides anything.
           (funcall do-line-break)
           (insert-and-inherit fill-prefix))
          ((progn
             (unless c-lit-limits
               (setq c-lit-limits (c-literal-limits)))
             (unless c-lit-type
               (setq c-lit-type (c-literal-type c-lit-limits)))
             (memq c-lit-type '(c c++)))
           ;; Some sort of comment.
           (if (or comment-multi-line
                   (save-excursion
                     (goto-char (car c-lit-limits))
                     (end-of-line)
                     (< (point) (cdr c-lit-limits))))
               ;; Inside a comment that should be continued.
               (let ((fill (c-guess-fill-prefix
                            (setq c-lit-limits
                                  (c-collect-line-comments c-lit-limits))
                            c-lit-type))
                     (pos (point))
                     (comment-text-end
                      (or (and (eq c-lit-type 'c)
                               (save-excursion
                                 (goto-char (- (cdr c-lit-limits) 2))
                                 (if (looking-at "\\*/") (point))))
                          (cdr c-lit-limits))))
                 ;; Skip forward past the fill prefix in case
                 ;; we're standing in it.
                 ;;
                 ;; FIXME: This doesn't work well in cases like
                 ;;
                 ;; /* Bla bla bla bla bla
                 ;;         bla bla
                 ;;
                 ;; If point is on the 'B' then the line will be
                 ;; broken after "Bla b".
                 (while (and (< (current-column) (cdr fill))
                             (not (eolp)))
                   (forward-char 1))
                 (if (and (> (point) comment-text-end)
                          (> (c-point 'bol) (car c-lit-limits)))
                     (progn
                       ;; The skip takes us out of the (block)
                       ;; comment; insert the fill prefix at bol
                       ;; instead and keep the position.
                       (setq pos (copy-marker pos t))
                       (beginning-of-line)
                       (insert-and-inherit (car fill))
                       (if soft (insert-and-inherit ?\n) (newline 1))
                       (goto-char pos)
                       (set-marker pos nil))
                   ;; Don't break in the middle of a comment starter
                   ;; or ender.
                   (cond ((> (point) comment-text-end)
                          (goto-char comment-text-end))
                         ((< (point) (+ (car c-lit-limits) 2))
                          (goto-char (+ (car c-lit-limits) 2))))
                   (funcall do-line-break)
                   (insert-and-inherit (car fill))))
             ;; Inside a comment that should be broken.
             (let ((comment-start comment-start)
                   (comment-end comment-end)
                   col)
               (if (eq c-lit-type 'c)
                   (unless (string-match "[ \t]*/\\*" comment-start)
                     (setq comment-start "/* " comment-end " */"))
                 (unless (string-match "[ \t]*//" comment-start)
                   (setq comment-start "// " comment-end "")))
               (setq col (save-excursion
                           (back-to-indentation)
                           (current-column)))
               (funcall do-line-break)
               (when (and comment-end (not (equal comment-end "")))
                 (forward-char -1)
                 (insert-and-inherit comment-end)
                 (forward-char 1))
               ;; c-comment-indent may look at the current
               ;; indentation, so let's start out with the same
               ;; indentation as the previous one.
               (indent-to col)
               (insert-and-inherit comment-start)
               (indent-for-comment))))
          ((c-query-and-set-macro-start)
           ;; In a macro.
           (unless (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\$")
             ;; Do not clobber the alignment of the line continuation
             ;; slash; c-backslash-region might look at it.
             (delete-horizontal-space))
           ;; Got an asymmetry here: In normal code this command
           ;; doesn't indent the next line syntactically, and otoh a
           ;; normal syntactically indenting newline doesn't continue
           ;; the macro.
           (c-newline-and-indent (if allow-auto-fill nil 1)))
          (t
           ;; Somewhere else in the code.
           (let ((col (save-excursion
                        (beginning-of-line)
                        (while (and (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$")
                                    (= (forward-line -1) 0)))
                        (current-indentation))))
             (funcall do-line-break)
             (indent-to col))))))

(defalias 'c-comment-line-break-function 'c-indent-new-comment-line)
(make-obsolete 'c-comment-line-break-function 'c-indent-new-comment-line)

;; advice for indent-new-comment-line for older Emacsen
(unless (boundp 'comment-line-break-function)
  (defvar c-inside-line-break-advice nil)
  (defadvice indent-new-comment-line (around c-line-break-advice
                                             activate preactivate)
    "Call `c-indent-new-comment-line' if in CC Mode."
    (if (or c-inside-line-break-advice
            (not c-buffer-is-cc-mode))
        ad-do-it
      (let ((c-inside-line-break-advice t))
        (c-indent-new-comment-line (ad-get-arg 0))))))

(defun c-context-line-break ()
  "Do a line break suitable to the context.

When point is outside a comment or macro, insert a newline and indent
according to the syntactic context, unless `c-syntactic-indentation'
is nil, in which case the new line is indented as the previous
non-empty line instead.

When point is inside the content of a preprocessor directive, a line
continuation backslash is inserted before the line break and aligned
appropriately.  The end of the cpp directive doesn't count as inside
it.

When point is inside a comment, continue it with the appropriate
comment prefix (see the `c-comment-prefix-regexp' and
`c-block-comment-prefix' variables for details).  The end of a
C++-style line comment doesn't count as inside it."
  (interactive "*")
  (let* ((c-lit-limits (c-literal-limits nil nil t))
         (c-lit-type (c-literal-type c-lit-limits))
         (c-macro-start c-macro-start))
    (if (or (eq c-lit-type 'c)
            (and (eq c-lit-type 'c++)
                 (< (save-excursion
                      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                      (point))
                    (1- (cdr (setq c-lit-limits
                                   (c-collect-line-comments c-lit-limits))))))
            (and (or (not (looking-at "\\s *$"))
                     (eq (char-before) ?\\))
                 (c-query-and-set-macro-start)
                 (<= (save-excursion
                       (goto-char c-macro-start)
                       (if (looking-at "#[ \t]*[a-zA-Z0-9!]+")
                           (goto-char (match-end 0)))
                       (point))
                    (point))))
        (let ((comment-multi-line t)
              (fill-prefix nil))
          (c-indent-new-comment-line nil t))
      (delete-horizontal-space)
      (newline)
      ;; c-indent-line may look at the current indentation, so let's
      ;; start out with the same indentation as the previous line.
      (let ((col (save-excursion
                   (forward-line -1)
                   (while (and (looking-at "[ \t]*\\\\?$")
                               (= (forward-line -1) 0)))
                   (current-indentation))))
        (indent-to col))
      (indent-according-to-mode))))

(defun c-context-open-line ()
  "Insert a line break suitable to the context and leave point before it.
This is the `c-context-line-break' equivalent to `open-line', which is
normally bound to C-o.  See `c-context-line-break' for the details."
  (interactive "*")
  (let ((here (point)))
    (unwind-protect
        (progn
          ;; Temporarily insert a non-whitespace char to keep any
          ;; preceding whitespace intact.
          (insert ?x)
          (c-context-line-break))
      (goto-char here)
      (delete-char 1))))

\f
(cc-provide 'cc-cmds)

;;; cc-cmds.el ends here