Spelling fixes.

[emacs.git] / src / fns.c

/* Random utility Lisp functions.
   Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997-2011
                 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU Emacs.

GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include <config.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <setjmp.h>

#include <intprops.h>

#include "lisp.h"
#include "commands.h"
#include "character.h"
#include "coding.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "keyboard.h"
#include "keymap.h"
#include "intervals.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "window.h"
#include "blockinput.h"
#ifdef HAVE_MENUS
#if defined (HAVE_X_WINDOWS)
#include "xterm.h"
#endif
#endif /* HAVE_MENUS */

#ifndef NULL
#define NULL ((POINTER_TYPE *)0)
#endif

Lisp_Object Qstring_lessp;
static Lisp_Object Qprovide, Qrequire;
static Lisp_Object Qyes_or_no_p_history;
Lisp_Object Qcursor_in_echo_area;
static Lisp_Object Qwidget_type;
static Lisp_Object Qcodeset, Qdays, Qmonths, Qpaper;

static Lisp_Object Qmd5, Qsha1, Qsha224, Qsha256, Qsha384, Qsha512;

static int internal_equal (Lisp_Object , Lisp_Object, int, int);

#ifndef HAVE_UNISTD_H
extern long time ();
#endif
\f
DEFUN ("identity", Fidentity, Sidentity, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the argument unchanged.  */)
  (Lisp_Object arg)
{
  return arg;
}

DEFUN ("random", Frandom, Srandom, 0, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a pseudo-random number.
All integers representable in Lisp are equally likely.
  On most systems, this is 29 bits' worth.
With positive integer LIMIT, return random number in interval [0,LIMIT).
With argument t, set the random number seed from the current time and pid.
Other values of LIMIT are ignored.  */)
  (Lisp_Object limit)
{
  EMACS_INT val;
  Lisp_Object lispy_val;

  if (EQ (limit, Qt))
    {
      EMACS_TIME t;
      EMACS_GET_TIME (t);
      seed_random (getpid () ^ EMACS_SECS (t) ^ EMACS_USECS (t));
    }

  if (NATNUMP (limit) && XFASTINT (limit) != 0)
    {
      /* Try to take our random number from the higher bits of VAL,
         not the lower, since (says Gentzel) the low bits of `random'
         are less random than the higher ones.  We do this by using the
         quotient rather than the remainder.  At the high end of the RNG
         it's possible to get a quotient larger than n; discarding
         these values eliminates the bias that would otherwise appear
         when using a large n.  */
      EMACS_INT denominator = (INTMASK + 1) / XFASTINT (limit);
      do
        val = get_random () / denominator;
      while (val >= XFASTINT (limit));
    }
  else
    val = get_random ();
  XSETINT (lispy_val, val);
  return lispy_val;
}
\f
/* Heuristic on how many iterations of a tight loop can be safely done
   before it's time to do a QUIT.  This must be a power of 2.  */
enum { QUIT_COUNT_HEURISTIC = 1 << 16 };

/* Random data-structure functions */

DEFUN ("length", Flength, Slength, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the length of vector, list or string SEQUENCE.
A byte-code function object is also allowed.
If the string contains multibyte characters, this is not necessarily
the number of bytes in the string; it is the number of characters.
To get the number of bytes, use `string-bytes'.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object sequence)
{
  register Lisp_Object val;

  if (STRINGP (sequence))
    XSETFASTINT (val, SCHARS (sequence));
  else if (VECTORP (sequence))
    XSETFASTINT (val, ASIZE (sequence));
  else if (CHAR_TABLE_P (sequence))
    XSETFASTINT (val, MAX_CHAR);
  else if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (sequence))
    XSETFASTINT (val, XBOOL_VECTOR (sequence)->size);
  else if (COMPILEDP (sequence))
    XSETFASTINT (val, ASIZE (sequence) & PSEUDOVECTOR_SIZE_MASK);
  else if (CONSP (sequence))
    {
      EMACS_INT i = 0;

      do
        {
          ++i;
          if ((i & (QUIT_COUNT_HEURISTIC - 1)) == 0)
            {
              if (MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM < i)
                error ("List too long");
              QUIT;
            }
          sequence = XCDR (sequence);
        }
      while (CONSP (sequence));

      CHECK_LIST_END (sequence, sequence);

      val = make_number (i);
    }
  else if (NILP (sequence))
    XSETFASTINT (val, 0);
  else
    wrong_type_argument (Qsequencep, sequence);

  return val;
}

/* This does not check for quits.  That is safe since it must terminate.  */

DEFUN ("safe-length", Fsafe_length, Ssafe_length, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the length of a list, but avoid error or infinite loop.
This function never gets an error.  If LIST is not really a list,
it returns 0.  If LIST is circular, it returns a finite value
which is at least the number of distinct elements.  */)
  (Lisp_Object list)
{
  Lisp_Object tail, halftail;
  double hilen = 0;
  uintmax_t lolen = 1;

  if (! CONSP (list))
    return make_number (0);

  /* halftail is used to detect circular lists.  */
  for (tail = halftail = list; ; )
    {
      tail = XCDR (tail);
      if (! CONSP (tail))
        break;
      if (EQ (tail, halftail))
        break;
      lolen++;
      if ((lolen & 1) == 0)
        {
          halftail = XCDR (halftail);
          if ((lolen & (QUIT_COUNT_HEURISTIC - 1)) == 0)
            {
              QUIT;
              if (lolen == 0)
                hilen += UINTMAX_MAX + 1.0;
            }
        }
    }

  /* If the length does not fit into a fixnum, return a float.
     On all known practical machines this returns an upper bound on
     the true length.  */
  return hilen ? make_float (hilen + lolen) : make_fixnum_or_float (lolen);
}

DEFUN ("string-bytes", Fstring_bytes, Sstring_bytes, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the number of bytes in STRING.
If STRING is multibyte, this may be greater than the length of STRING.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);
  return make_number (SBYTES (string));
}

DEFUN ("string-equal", Fstring_equal, Sstring_equal, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if two strings have identical contents.
Case is significant, but text properties are ignored.
Symbols are also allowed; their print names are used instead.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object s1, Lisp_Object s2)
{
  if (SYMBOLP (s1))
    s1 = SYMBOL_NAME (s1);
  if (SYMBOLP (s2))
    s2 = SYMBOL_NAME (s2);
  CHECK_STRING (s1);
  CHECK_STRING (s2);

  if (SCHARS (s1) != SCHARS (s2)
      || SBYTES (s1) != SBYTES (s2)
      || memcmp (SDATA (s1), SDATA (s2), SBYTES (s1)))
    return Qnil;
  return Qt;
}

DEFUN ("compare-strings", Fcompare_strings, Scompare_strings, 6, 7, 0,
       doc: /* Compare the contents of two strings, converting to multibyte if needed.
In string STR1, skip the first START1 characters and stop at END1.
In string STR2, skip the first START2 characters and stop at END2.
END1 and END2 default to the full lengths of the respective strings.

Case is significant in this comparison if IGNORE-CASE is nil.
Unibyte strings are converted to multibyte for comparison.

The value is t if the strings (or specified portions) match.
If string STR1 is less, the value is a negative number N;
  - 1 - N is the number of characters that match at the beginning.
If string STR1 is greater, the value is a positive number N;
  N - 1 is the number of characters that match at the beginning.  */)
  (Lisp_Object str1, Lisp_Object start1, Lisp_Object end1, Lisp_Object str2, Lisp_Object start2, Lisp_Object end2, Lisp_Object ignore_case)
{
  register EMACS_INT end1_char, end2_char;
  register EMACS_INT i1, i1_byte, i2, i2_byte;

  CHECK_STRING (str1);
  CHECK_STRING (str2);
  if (NILP (start1))
    start1 = make_number (0);
  if (NILP (start2))
    start2 = make_number (0);
  CHECK_NATNUM (start1);
  CHECK_NATNUM (start2);
  if (! NILP (end1))
    CHECK_NATNUM (end1);
  if (! NILP (end2))
    CHECK_NATNUM (end2);

  i1 = XINT (start1);
  i2 = XINT (start2);

  i1_byte = string_char_to_byte (str1, i1);
  i2_byte = string_char_to_byte (str2, i2);

  end1_char = SCHARS (str1);
  if (! NILP (end1) && end1_char > XINT (end1))
    end1_char = XINT (end1);

  end2_char = SCHARS (str2);
  if (! NILP (end2) && end2_char > XINT (end2))
    end2_char = XINT (end2);

  while (i1 < end1_char && i2 < end2_char)
    {
      /* When we find a mismatch, we must compare the
         characters, not just the bytes.  */
      int c1, c2;

      if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (str1))
        FETCH_STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE_NO_CHECK (c1, str1, i1, i1_byte);
      else
        {
          c1 = SREF (str1, i1++);
          MAKE_CHAR_MULTIBYTE (c1);
        }

      if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (str2))
        FETCH_STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE_NO_CHECK (c2, str2, i2, i2_byte);
      else
        {
          c2 = SREF (str2, i2++);
          MAKE_CHAR_MULTIBYTE (c2);
        }

      if (c1 == c2)
        continue;

      if (! NILP (ignore_case))
        {
          Lisp_Object tem;

          tem = Fupcase (make_number (c1));
          c1 = XINT (tem);
          tem = Fupcase (make_number (c2));
          c2 = XINT (tem);
        }

      if (c1 == c2)
        continue;

      /* Note that I1 has already been incremented
         past the character that we are comparing;
         hence we don't add or subtract 1 here.  */
      if (c1 < c2)
        return make_number (- i1 + XINT (start1));
      else
        return make_number (i1 - XINT (start1));
    }

  if (i1 < end1_char)
    return make_number (i1 - XINT (start1) + 1);
  if (i2 < end2_char)
    return make_number (- i1 + XINT (start1) - 1);

  return Qt;
}

DEFUN ("string-lessp", Fstring_lessp, Sstring_lessp, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if first arg string is less than second in lexicographic order.
Case is significant.
Symbols are also allowed; their print names are used instead.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object s1, Lisp_Object s2)
{
  register EMACS_INT end;
  register EMACS_INT i1, i1_byte, i2, i2_byte;

  if (SYMBOLP (s1))
    s1 = SYMBOL_NAME (s1);
  if (SYMBOLP (s2))
    s2 = SYMBOL_NAME (s2);
  CHECK_STRING (s1);
  CHECK_STRING (s2);

  i1 = i1_byte = i2 = i2_byte = 0;

  end = SCHARS (s1);
  if (end > SCHARS (s2))
    end = SCHARS (s2);

  while (i1 < end)
    {
      /* When we find a mismatch, we must compare the
         characters, not just the bytes.  */
      int c1, c2;

      FETCH_STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE (c1, s1, i1, i1_byte);
      FETCH_STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE (c2, s2, i2, i2_byte);

      if (c1 != c2)
        return c1 < c2 ? Qt : Qnil;
    }
  return i1 < SCHARS (s2) ? Qt : Qnil;
}
\f
static Lisp_Object concat (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args,
                           enum Lisp_Type target_type, int last_special);

/* ARGSUSED */
Lisp_Object
concat2 (Lisp_Object s1, Lisp_Object s2)
{
  Lisp_Object args[2];
  args[0] = s1;
  args[1] = s2;
  return concat (2, args, Lisp_String, 0);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
Lisp_Object
concat3 (Lisp_Object s1, Lisp_Object s2, Lisp_Object s3)
{
  Lisp_Object args[3];
  args[0] = s1;
  args[1] = s2;
  args[2] = s3;
  return concat (3, args, Lisp_String, 0);
}

DEFUN ("append", Fappend, Sappend, 0, MANY, 0,
       doc: /* Concatenate all the arguments and make the result a list.
The result is a list whose elements are the elements of all the arguments.
Each argument may be a list, vector or string.
The last argument is not copied, just used as the tail of the new list.
usage: (append &rest SEQUENCES)  */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  return concat (nargs, args, Lisp_Cons, 1);
}

DEFUN ("concat", Fconcat, Sconcat, 0, MANY, 0,
       doc: /* Concatenate all the arguments and make the result a string.
The result is a string whose elements are the elements of all the arguments.
Each argument may be a string or a list or vector of characters (integers).
usage: (concat &rest SEQUENCES)  */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  return concat (nargs, args, Lisp_String, 0);
}

DEFUN ("vconcat", Fvconcat, Svconcat, 0, MANY, 0,
       doc: /* Concatenate all the arguments and make the result a vector.
The result is a vector whose elements are the elements of all the arguments.
Each argument may be a list, vector or string.
usage: (vconcat &rest SEQUENCES)   */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  return concat (nargs, args, Lisp_Vectorlike, 0);
}


DEFUN ("copy-sequence", Fcopy_sequence, Scopy_sequence, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a copy of a list, vector, string or char-table.
The elements of a list or vector are not copied; they are shared
with the original.  */)
  (Lisp_Object arg)
{
  if (NILP (arg)) return arg;

  if (CHAR_TABLE_P (arg))
    {
      return copy_char_table (arg);
    }

  if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (arg))
    {
      Lisp_Object val;
      ptrdiff_t size_in_chars
        = ((XBOOL_VECTOR (arg)->size + BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR - 1)
           / BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR);

      val = Fmake_bool_vector (Flength (arg), Qnil);
      memcpy (XBOOL_VECTOR (val)->data, XBOOL_VECTOR (arg)->data,
              size_in_chars);
      return val;
    }

  if (!CONSP (arg) && !VECTORP (arg) && !STRINGP (arg))
    wrong_type_argument (Qsequencep, arg);

  return concat (1, &arg, CONSP (arg) ? Lisp_Cons : XTYPE (arg), 0);
}

/* This structure holds information of an argument of `concat' that is
   a string and has text properties to be copied.  */
struct textprop_rec
{
  ptrdiff_t argnum;             /* refer to ARGS (arguments of `concat') */
  EMACS_INT from;               /* refer to ARGS[argnum] (argument string) */
  EMACS_INT to;                 /* refer to VAL (the target string) */
};

static Lisp_Object
concat (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args,
        enum Lisp_Type target_type, int last_special)
{
  Lisp_Object val;
  register Lisp_Object tail;
  register Lisp_Object this;
  EMACS_INT toindex;
  EMACS_INT toindex_byte = 0;
  register EMACS_INT result_len;
  register EMACS_INT result_len_byte;
  ptrdiff_t argnum;
  Lisp_Object last_tail;
  Lisp_Object prev;
  int some_multibyte;
  /* When we make a multibyte string, we can't copy text properties
     while concatenating each string because the length of resulting
     string can't be decided until we finish the whole concatenation.
     So, we record strings that have text properties to be copied
     here, and copy the text properties after the concatenation.  */
  struct textprop_rec  *textprops = NULL;
  /* Number of elements in textprops.  */
  ptrdiff_t num_textprops = 0;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  tail = Qnil;

  /* In append, the last arg isn't treated like the others */
  if (last_special && nargs > 0)
    {
      nargs--;
      last_tail = args[nargs];
    }
  else
    last_tail = Qnil;

  /* Check each argument.  */
  for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
    {
      this = args[argnum];
      if (!(CONSP (this) || NILP (this) || VECTORP (this) || STRINGP (this)
            || COMPILEDP (this) || BOOL_VECTOR_P (this)))
        wrong_type_argument (Qsequencep, this);
    }

  /* Compute total length in chars of arguments in RESULT_LEN.
     If desired output is a string, also compute length in bytes
     in RESULT_LEN_BYTE, and determine in SOME_MULTIBYTE
     whether the result should be a multibyte string.  */
  result_len_byte = 0;
  result_len = 0;
  some_multibyte = 0;
  for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
    {
      EMACS_INT len;
      this = args[argnum];
      len = XFASTINT (Flength (this));
      if (target_type == Lisp_String)
        {
          /* We must count the number of bytes needed in the string
             as well as the number of characters.  */
          EMACS_INT i;
          Lisp_Object ch;
          int c;
          EMACS_INT this_len_byte;

          if (VECTORP (this) || COMPILEDP (this))
            for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
              {
                ch = AREF (this, i);
                CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
                c = XFASTINT (ch);
                this_len_byte = CHAR_BYTES (c);
                result_len_byte += this_len_byte;
                if (! ASCII_CHAR_P (c) && ! CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
                  some_multibyte = 1;
              }
          else if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (this) && XBOOL_VECTOR (this)->size > 0)
            wrong_type_argument (Qintegerp, Faref (this, make_number (0)));
          else if (CONSP (this))
            for (; CONSP (this); this = XCDR (this))
              {
                ch = XCAR (this);
                CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
                c = XFASTINT (ch);
                this_len_byte = CHAR_BYTES (c);
                result_len_byte += this_len_byte;
                if (! ASCII_CHAR_P (c) && ! CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
                  some_multibyte = 1;
              }
          else if (STRINGP (this))
            {
              if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (this))
                {
                  some_multibyte = 1;
                  result_len_byte += SBYTES (this);
                }
              else
                result_len_byte += count_size_as_multibyte (SDATA (this),
                                                            SCHARS (this));
            }
        }

      result_len += len;
      if (STRING_BYTES_BOUND < result_len)
        string_overflow ();
    }

  if (! some_multibyte)
    result_len_byte = result_len;

  /* Create the output object.  */
  if (target_type == Lisp_Cons)
    val = Fmake_list (make_number (result_len), Qnil);
  else if (target_type == Lisp_Vectorlike)
    val = Fmake_vector (make_number (result_len), Qnil);
  else if (some_multibyte)
    val = make_uninit_multibyte_string (result_len, result_len_byte);
  else
    val = make_uninit_string (result_len);

  /* In `append', if all but last arg are nil, return last arg.  */
  if (target_type == Lisp_Cons && EQ (val, Qnil))
    return last_tail;

  /* Copy the contents of the args into the result.  */
  if (CONSP (val))
    tail = val, toindex = -1; /* -1 in toindex is flag we are making a list */
  else
    toindex = 0, toindex_byte = 0;

  prev = Qnil;
  if (STRINGP (val))
    SAFE_NALLOCA (textprops, 1, nargs);

  for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
    {
      Lisp_Object thislen;
      EMACS_INT thisleni = 0;
      register EMACS_INT thisindex = 0;
      register EMACS_INT thisindex_byte = 0;

      this = args[argnum];
      if (!CONSP (this))
        thislen = Flength (this), thisleni = XINT (thislen);

      /* Between strings of the same kind, copy fast.  */
      if (STRINGP (this) && STRINGP (val)
          && STRING_MULTIBYTE (this) == some_multibyte)
        {
          EMACS_INT thislen_byte = SBYTES (this);

          memcpy (SDATA (val) + toindex_byte, SDATA (this), SBYTES (this));
          if (! NULL_INTERVAL_P (STRING_INTERVALS (this)))
            {
              textprops[num_textprops].argnum = argnum;
              textprops[num_textprops].from = 0;
              textprops[num_textprops++].to = toindex;
            }
          toindex_byte += thislen_byte;
          toindex += thisleni;
        }
      /* Copy a single-byte string to a multibyte string.  */
      else if (STRINGP (this) && STRINGP (val))
        {
          if (! NULL_INTERVAL_P (STRING_INTERVALS (this)))
            {
              textprops[num_textprops].argnum = argnum;
              textprops[num_textprops].from = 0;
              textprops[num_textprops++].to = toindex;
            }
          toindex_byte += copy_text (SDATA (this),
                                     SDATA (val) + toindex_byte,
                                     SCHARS (this), 0, 1);
          toindex += thisleni;
        }
      else
        /* Copy element by element.  */
        while (1)
          {
            register Lisp_Object elt;

            /* Fetch next element of `this' arg into `elt', or break if
               `this' is exhausted. */
            if (NILP (this)) break;
            if (CONSP (this))
              elt = XCAR (this), this = XCDR (this);
            else if (thisindex >= thisleni)
              break;
            else if (STRINGP (this))
              {
                int c;
                if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (this))
                  FETCH_STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE_NO_CHECK (c, this,
                                                      thisindex,
                                                      thisindex_byte);
                else
                  {
                    c = SREF (this, thisindex); thisindex++;
                    if (some_multibyte && !ASCII_CHAR_P (c))
                      c = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (c);
                  }
                XSETFASTINT (elt, c);
              }
            else if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (this))
              {
                int byte;
                byte = XBOOL_VECTOR (this)->data[thisindex / BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR];
                if (byte & (1 << (thisindex % BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR)))
                  elt = Qt;
                else
                  elt = Qnil;
                thisindex++;
              }
            else
              {
                elt = AREF (this, thisindex);
                thisindex++;
              }

            /* Store this element into the result.  */
            if (toindex < 0)
              {
                XSETCAR (tail, elt);
                prev = tail;
                tail = XCDR (tail);
              }
            else if (VECTORP (val))
              {
                ASET (val, toindex, elt);
                toindex++;
              }
            else
              {
                int c;
                CHECK_CHARACTER (elt);
                c = XFASTINT (elt);
                if (some_multibyte)
                  toindex_byte += CHAR_STRING (c, SDATA (val) + toindex_byte);
                else
                  SSET (val, toindex_byte++, c);
                toindex++;
              }
          }
    }
  if (!NILP (prev))
    XSETCDR (prev, last_tail);

  if (num_textprops > 0)
    {
      Lisp_Object props;
      EMACS_INT last_to_end = -1;

      for (argnum = 0; argnum < num_textprops; argnum++)
        {
          this = args[textprops[argnum].argnum];
          props = text_property_list (this,
                                      make_number (0),
                                      make_number (SCHARS (this)),
                                      Qnil);
          /* If successive arguments have properties, be sure that the
             value of `composition' property be the copy.  */
          if (last_to_end == textprops[argnum].to)
            make_composition_value_copy (props);
          add_text_properties_from_list (val, props,
                                         make_number (textprops[argnum].to));
          last_to_end = textprops[argnum].to + SCHARS (this);
        }
    }

  SAFE_FREE ();
  return val;
}
\f
static Lisp_Object string_char_byte_cache_string;
static EMACS_INT string_char_byte_cache_charpos;
static EMACS_INT string_char_byte_cache_bytepos;

void
clear_string_char_byte_cache (void)
{
  string_char_byte_cache_string = Qnil;
}

/* Return the byte index corresponding to CHAR_INDEX in STRING.  */

EMACS_INT
string_char_to_byte (Lisp_Object string, EMACS_INT char_index)
{
  EMACS_INT i_byte;
  EMACS_INT best_below, best_below_byte;
  EMACS_INT best_above, best_above_byte;

  best_below = best_below_byte = 0;
  best_above = SCHARS (string);
  best_above_byte = SBYTES (string);
  if (best_above == best_above_byte)
    return char_index;

  if (EQ (string, string_char_byte_cache_string))
    {
      if (string_char_byte_cache_charpos < char_index)
        {
          best_below = string_char_byte_cache_charpos;
          best_below_byte = string_char_byte_cache_bytepos;
        }
      else
        {
          best_above = string_char_byte_cache_charpos;
          best_above_byte = string_char_byte_cache_bytepos;
        }
    }

  if (char_index - best_below < best_above - char_index)
    {
      unsigned char *p = SDATA (string) + best_below_byte;

      while (best_below < char_index)
        {
          p += BYTES_BY_CHAR_HEAD (*p);
          best_below++;
        }
      i_byte = p - SDATA (string);
    }
  else
    {
      unsigned char *p = SDATA (string) + best_above_byte;

      while (best_above > char_index)
        {
          p--;
          while (!CHAR_HEAD_P (*p)) p--;
          best_above--;
        }
      i_byte = p - SDATA (string);
    }

  string_char_byte_cache_bytepos = i_byte;
  string_char_byte_cache_charpos = char_index;
  string_char_byte_cache_string = string;

  return i_byte;
}
\f
/* Return the character index corresponding to BYTE_INDEX in STRING.  */

EMACS_INT
string_byte_to_char (Lisp_Object string, EMACS_INT byte_index)
{
  EMACS_INT i, i_byte;
  EMACS_INT best_below, best_below_byte;
  EMACS_INT best_above, best_above_byte;

  best_below = best_below_byte = 0;
  best_above = SCHARS (string);
  best_above_byte = SBYTES (string);
  if (best_above == best_above_byte)
    return byte_index;

  if (EQ (string, string_char_byte_cache_string))
    {
      if (string_char_byte_cache_bytepos < byte_index)
        {
          best_below = string_char_byte_cache_charpos;
          best_below_byte = string_char_byte_cache_bytepos;
        }
      else
        {
          best_above = string_char_byte_cache_charpos;
          best_above_byte = string_char_byte_cache_bytepos;
        }
    }

  if (byte_index - best_below_byte < best_above_byte - byte_index)
    {
      unsigned char *p = SDATA (string) + best_below_byte;
      unsigned char *pend = SDATA (string) + byte_index;

      while (p < pend)
        {
          p += BYTES_BY_CHAR_HEAD (*p);
          best_below++;
        }
      i = best_below;
      i_byte = p - SDATA (string);
    }
  else
    {
      unsigned char *p = SDATA (string) + best_above_byte;
      unsigned char *pbeg = SDATA (string) + byte_index;

      while (p > pbeg)
        {
          p--;
          while (!CHAR_HEAD_P (*p)) p--;
          best_above--;
        }
      i = best_above;
      i_byte = p - SDATA (string);
    }

  string_char_byte_cache_bytepos = i_byte;
  string_char_byte_cache_charpos = i;
  string_char_byte_cache_string = string;

  return i;
}
\f
/* Convert STRING to a multibyte string.  */

static Lisp_Object
string_make_multibyte (Lisp_Object string)
{
  unsigned char *buf;
  EMACS_INT nbytes;
  Lisp_Object ret;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    return string;

  nbytes = count_size_as_multibyte (SDATA (string),
                                    SCHARS (string));
  /* If all the chars are ASCII, they won't need any more bytes
     once converted.  In that case, we can return STRING itself.  */
  if (nbytes == SBYTES (string))
    return string;

  SAFE_ALLOCA (buf, unsigned char *, nbytes);
  copy_text (SDATA (string), buf, SBYTES (string),
             0, 1);

  ret = make_multibyte_string ((char *) buf, SCHARS (string), nbytes);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  return ret;
}


/* Convert STRING (if unibyte) to a multibyte string without changing
   the number of characters.  Characters 0200 trough 0237 are
   converted to eight-bit characters. */

Lisp_Object
string_to_multibyte (Lisp_Object string)
{
  unsigned char *buf;
  EMACS_INT nbytes;
  Lisp_Object ret;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    return string;

  nbytes = count_size_as_multibyte (SDATA (string), SBYTES (string));
  /* If all the chars are ASCII, they won't need any more bytes once
     converted.  */
  if (nbytes == SBYTES (string))
    return make_multibyte_string (SSDATA (string), nbytes, nbytes);

  SAFE_ALLOCA (buf, unsigned char *, nbytes);
  memcpy (buf, SDATA (string), SBYTES (string));
  str_to_multibyte (buf, nbytes, SBYTES (string));

  ret = make_multibyte_string ((char *) buf, SCHARS (string), nbytes);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  return ret;
}


/* Convert STRING to a single-byte string.  */

Lisp_Object
string_make_unibyte (Lisp_Object string)
{
  EMACS_INT nchars;
  unsigned char *buf;
  Lisp_Object ret;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  if (! STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    return string;

  nchars = SCHARS (string);

  SAFE_ALLOCA (buf, unsigned char *, nchars);
  copy_text (SDATA (string), buf, SBYTES (string),
             1, 0);

  ret = make_unibyte_string ((char *) buf, nchars);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  return ret;
}

DEFUN ("string-make-multibyte", Fstring_make_multibyte, Sstring_make_multibyte,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the multibyte equivalent of STRING.
If STRING is unibyte and contains non-ASCII characters, the function
`unibyte-char-to-multibyte' is used to convert each unibyte character
to a multibyte character.  In this case, the returned string is a
newly created string with no text properties.  If STRING is multibyte
or entirely ASCII, it is returned unchanged.  In particular, when
STRING is unibyte and entirely ASCII, the returned string is unibyte.
\(When the characters are all ASCII, Emacs primitives will treat the
string the same way whether it is unibyte or multibyte.)  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  return string_make_multibyte (string);
}

DEFUN ("string-make-unibyte", Fstring_make_unibyte, Sstring_make_unibyte,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the unibyte equivalent of STRING.
Multibyte character codes are converted to unibyte according to
`nonascii-translation-table' or, if that is nil, `nonascii-insert-offset'.
If the lookup in the translation table fails, this function takes just
the low 8 bits of each character.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  return string_make_unibyte (string);
}

DEFUN ("string-as-unibyte", Fstring_as_unibyte, Sstring_as_unibyte,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a unibyte string with the same individual bytes as STRING.
If STRING is unibyte, the result is STRING itself.
Otherwise it is a newly created string, with no text properties.
If STRING is multibyte and contains a character of charset
`eight-bit', it is converted to the corresponding single byte.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    {
      EMACS_INT bytes = SBYTES (string);
      unsigned char *str = (unsigned char *) xmalloc (bytes);

      memcpy (str, SDATA (string), bytes);
      bytes = str_as_unibyte (str, bytes);
      string = make_unibyte_string ((char *) str, bytes);
      xfree (str);
    }
  return string;
}

DEFUN ("string-as-multibyte", Fstring_as_multibyte, Sstring_as_multibyte,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a multibyte string with the same individual bytes as STRING.
If STRING is multibyte, the result is STRING itself.
Otherwise it is a newly created string, with no text properties.

If STRING is unibyte and contains an individual 8-bit byte (i.e. not
part of a correct utf-8 sequence), it is converted to the corresponding
multibyte character of charset `eight-bit'.
See also `string-to-multibyte'.

Beware, this often doesn't really do what you think it does.
It is similar to (decode-coding-string STRING 'utf-8-emacs).
If you're not sure, whether to use `string-as-multibyte' or
`string-to-multibyte', use `string-to-multibyte'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  if (! STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    {
      Lisp_Object new_string;
      EMACS_INT nchars, nbytes;

      parse_str_as_multibyte (SDATA (string),
                              SBYTES (string),
                              &nchars, &nbytes);
      new_string = make_uninit_multibyte_string (nchars, nbytes);
      memcpy (SDATA (new_string), SDATA (string), SBYTES (string));
      if (nbytes != SBYTES (string))
        str_as_multibyte (SDATA (new_string), nbytes,
                          SBYTES (string), NULL);
      string = new_string;
      STRING_SET_INTERVALS (string, NULL_INTERVAL);
    }
  return string;
}

DEFUN ("string-to-multibyte", Fstring_to_multibyte, Sstring_to_multibyte,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a multibyte string with the same individual chars as STRING.
If STRING is multibyte, the result is STRING itself.
Otherwise it is a newly created string, with no text properties.

If STRING is unibyte and contains an 8-bit byte, it is converted to
the corresponding multibyte character of charset `eight-bit'.

This differs from `string-as-multibyte' by converting each byte of a correct
utf-8 sequence to an eight-bit character, not just bytes that don't form a
correct sequence.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  return string_to_multibyte (string);
}

DEFUN ("string-to-unibyte", Fstring_to_unibyte, Sstring_to_unibyte,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a unibyte string with the same individual chars as STRING.
If STRING is unibyte, the result is STRING itself.
Otherwise it is a newly created string, with no text properties,
where each `eight-bit' character is converted to the corresponding byte.
If STRING contains a non-ASCII, non-`eight-bit' character,
an error is signaled.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    {
      EMACS_INT chars = SCHARS (string);
      unsigned char *str = (unsigned char *) xmalloc (chars);
      EMACS_INT converted = str_to_unibyte (SDATA (string), str, chars, 0);

      if (converted < chars)
        error ("Can't convert the %"pI"dth character to unibyte", converted);
      string = make_unibyte_string ((char *) str, chars);
      xfree (str);
    }
  return string;
}

\f
DEFUN ("copy-alist", Fcopy_alist, Scopy_alist, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a copy of ALIST.
This is an alist which represents the same mapping from objects to objects,
but does not share the alist structure with ALIST.
The objects mapped (cars and cdrs of elements of the alist)
are shared, however.
Elements of ALIST that are not conses are also shared.  */)
  (Lisp_Object alist)
{
  register Lisp_Object tem;

  CHECK_LIST (alist);
  if (NILP (alist))
    return alist;
  alist = concat (1, &alist, Lisp_Cons, 0);
  for (tem = alist; CONSP (tem); tem = XCDR (tem))
    {
      register Lisp_Object car;
      car = XCAR (tem);

      if (CONSP (car))
        XSETCAR (tem, Fcons (XCAR (car), XCDR (car)));
    }
  return alist;
}

DEFUN ("substring", Fsubstring, Ssubstring, 2, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Return a new string whose contents are a substring of STRING.
The returned string consists of the characters between index FROM
\(inclusive) and index TO (exclusive) of STRING.  FROM and TO are
zero-indexed: 0 means the first character of STRING.  Negative values
are counted from the end of STRING.  If TO is nil, the substring runs
to the end of STRING.

The STRING argument may also be a vector.  In that case, the return
value is a new vector that contains the elements between index FROM
\(inclusive) and index TO (exclusive) of that vector argument.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string, register Lisp_Object from, Lisp_Object to)
{
  Lisp_Object res;
  EMACS_INT size;
  EMACS_INT size_byte = 0;
  EMACS_INT from_char, to_char;
  EMACS_INT from_byte = 0, to_byte = 0;

  CHECK_VECTOR_OR_STRING (string);
  CHECK_NUMBER (from);

  if (STRINGP (string))
    {
      size = SCHARS (string);
      size_byte = SBYTES (string);
    }
  else
    size = ASIZE (string);

  if (NILP (to))
    {
      to_char = size;
      to_byte = size_byte;
    }
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER (to);

      to_char = XINT (to);
      if (to_char < 0)
        to_char += size;

      if (STRINGP (string))
        to_byte = string_char_to_byte (string, to_char);
    }

  from_char = XINT (from);
  if (from_char < 0)
    from_char += size;
  if (STRINGP (string))
    from_byte = string_char_to_byte (string, from_char);

  if (!(0 <= from_char && from_char <= to_char && to_char <= size))
    args_out_of_range_3 (string, make_number (from_char),
                         make_number (to_char));

  if (STRINGP (string))
    {
      res = make_specified_string (SSDATA (string) + from_byte,
                                   to_char - from_char, to_byte - from_byte,
                                   STRING_MULTIBYTE (string));
      copy_text_properties (make_number (from_char), make_number (to_char),
                            string, make_number (0), res, Qnil);
    }
  else
    res = Fvector (to_char - from_char, &AREF (string, from_char));

  return res;
}


DEFUN ("substring-no-properties", Fsubstring_no_properties, Ssubstring_no_properties, 1, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Return a substring of STRING, without text properties.
It starts at index FROM and ends before TO.
TO may be nil or omitted; then the substring runs to the end of STRING.
If FROM is nil or omitted, the substring starts at the beginning of STRING.
If FROM or TO is negative, it counts from the end.

With one argument, just copy STRING without its properties.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string, register Lisp_Object from, Lisp_Object to)
{
  EMACS_INT size, size_byte;
  EMACS_INT from_char, to_char;
  EMACS_INT from_byte, to_byte;

  CHECK_STRING (string);

  size = SCHARS (string);
  size_byte = SBYTES (string);

  if (NILP (from))
    from_char = from_byte = 0;
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER (from);
      from_char = XINT (from);
      if (from_char < 0)
        from_char += size;

      from_byte = string_char_to_byte (string, from_char);
    }

  if (NILP (to))
    {
      to_char = size;
      to_byte = size_byte;
    }
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER (to);

      to_char = XINT (to);
      if (to_char < 0)
        to_char += size;

      to_byte = string_char_to_byte (string, to_char);
    }

  if (!(0 <= from_char && from_char <= to_char && to_char <= size))
    args_out_of_range_3 (string, make_number (from_char),
                         make_number (to_char));

  return make_specified_string (SSDATA (string) + from_byte,
                                to_char - from_char, to_byte - from_byte,
                                STRING_MULTIBYTE (string));
}

/* Extract a substring of STRING, giving start and end positions
   both in characters and in bytes.  */

Lisp_Object
substring_both (Lisp_Object string, EMACS_INT from, EMACS_INT from_byte,
                EMACS_INT to, EMACS_INT to_byte)
{
  Lisp_Object res;
  EMACS_INT size;

  CHECK_VECTOR_OR_STRING (string);

  size = STRINGP (string) ? SCHARS (string) : ASIZE (string);

  if (!(0 <= from && from <= to && to <= size))
    args_out_of_range_3 (string, make_number (from), make_number (to));

  if (STRINGP (string))
    {
      res = make_specified_string (SSDATA (string) + from_byte,
                                   to - from, to_byte - from_byte,
                                   STRING_MULTIBYTE (string));
      copy_text_properties (make_number (from), make_number (to),
                            string, make_number (0), res, Qnil);
    }
  else
    res = Fvector (to - from, &AREF (string, from));

  return res;
}
\f
DEFUN ("nthcdr", Fnthcdr, Snthcdr, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Take cdr N times on LIST, return the result.  */)
  (Lisp_Object n, Lisp_Object list)
{
  EMACS_INT i, num;
  CHECK_NUMBER (n);
  num = XINT (n);
  for (i = 0; i < num && !NILP (list); i++)
    {
      QUIT;
      CHECK_LIST_CONS (list, list);
      list = XCDR (list);
    }
  return list;
}

DEFUN ("nth", Fnth, Snth, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return the Nth element of LIST.
N counts from zero.  If LIST is not that long, nil is returned.  */)
  (Lisp_Object n, Lisp_Object list)
{
  return Fcar (Fnthcdr (n, list));
}

DEFUN ("elt", Felt, Selt, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return element of SEQUENCE at index N.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object sequence, Lisp_Object n)
{
  CHECK_NUMBER (n);
  if (CONSP (sequence) || NILP (sequence))
    return Fcar (Fnthcdr (n, sequence));

  /* Faref signals a "not array" error, so check here.  */
  CHECK_ARRAY (sequence, Qsequencep);
  return Faref (sequence, n);
}

DEFUN ("member", Fmember, Smember, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if ELT is an element of LIST.  Comparison done with `equal'.
The value is actually the tail of LIST whose car is ELT.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object list)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail;
  for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCDR (tail))
    {
      register Lisp_Object tem;
      CHECK_LIST_CONS (tail, list);
      tem = XCAR (tail);
      if (! NILP (Fequal (elt, tem)))
        return tail;
      QUIT;
    }
  return Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("memq", Fmemq, Smemq, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if ELT is an element of LIST.  Comparison done with `eq'.
The value is actually the tail of LIST whose car is ELT.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object list)
{
  while (1)
    {
      if (!CONSP (list) || EQ (XCAR (list), elt))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list) || EQ (XCAR (list), elt))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list) || EQ (XCAR (list), elt))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      QUIT;
    }

  CHECK_LIST (list);
  return list;
}

DEFUN ("memql", Fmemql, Smemql, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if ELT is an element of LIST.  Comparison done with `eql'.
The value is actually the tail of LIST whose car is ELT.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object list)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail;

  if (!FLOATP (elt))
    return Fmemq (elt, list);

  for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCDR (tail))
    {
      register Lisp_Object tem;
      CHECK_LIST_CONS (tail, list);
      tem = XCAR (tail);
      if (FLOATP (tem) && internal_equal (elt, tem, 0, 0))
        return tail;
      QUIT;
    }
  return Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("assq", Fassq, Sassq, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if KEY is `eq' to the car of an element of LIST.
The value is actually the first element of LIST whose car is KEY.
Elements of LIST that are not conses are ignored.  */)
  (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object list)
{
  while (1)
    {
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && EQ (XCAR (XCAR (list)), key)))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && EQ (XCAR (XCAR (list)), key)))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && EQ (XCAR (XCAR (list)), key)))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      QUIT;
    }

  return CAR (list);
}

/* Like Fassq but never report an error and do not allow quits.
   Use only on lists known never to be circular.  */

Lisp_Object
assq_no_quit (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object list)
{
  while (CONSP (list)
         && (!CONSP (XCAR (list))
             || !EQ (XCAR (XCAR (list)), key)))
    list = XCDR (list);

  return CAR_SAFE (list);
}

DEFUN ("assoc", Fassoc, Sassoc, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if KEY is `equal' to the car of an element of LIST.
The value is actually the first element of LIST whose car equals KEY.  */)
  (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object list)
{
  Lisp_Object car;

  while (1)
    {
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && (car = XCAR (XCAR (list)),
                  EQ (car, key) || !NILP (Fequal (car, key)))))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && (car = XCAR (XCAR (list)),
                  EQ (car, key) || !NILP (Fequal (car, key)))))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && (car = XCAR (XCAR (list)),
                  EQ (car, key) || !NILP (Fequal (car, key)))))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      QUIT;
    }

  return CAR (list);
}

/* Like Fassoc but never report an error and do not allow quits.
   Use only on lists known never to be circular.  */

Lisp_Object
assoc_no_quit (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object list)
{
  while (CONSP (list)
         && (!CONSP (XCAR (list))
             || (!EQ (XCAR (XCAR (list)), key)
                 && NILP (Fequal (XCAR (XCAR (list)), key)))))
    list = XCDR (list);

  return CONSP (list) ? XCAR (list) : Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("rassq", Frassq, Srassq, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if KEY is `eq' to the cdr of an element of LIST.
The value is actually the first element of LIST whose cdr is KEY.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object list)
{
  while (1)
    {
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && EQ (XCDR (XCAR (list)), key)))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && EQ (XCDR (XCAR (list)), key)))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && EQ (XCDR (XCAR (list)), key)))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      QUIT;
    }

  return CAR (list);
}

DEFUN ("rassoc", Frassoc, Srassoc, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if KEY is `equal' to the cdr of an element of LIST.
The value is actually the first element of LIST whose cdr equals KEY.  */)
  (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object list)
{
  Lisp_Object cdr;

  while (1)
    {
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && (cdr = XCDR (XCAR (list)),
                  EQ (cdr, key) || !NILP (Fequal (cdr, key)))))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && (cdr = XCDR (XCAR (list)),
                  EQ (cdr, key) || !NILP (Fequal (cdr, key)))))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      if (!CONSP (list)
          || (CONSP (XCAR (list))
              && (cdr = XCDR (XCAR (list)),
                  EQ (cdr, key) || !NILP (Fequal (cdr, key)))))
        break;

      list = XCDR (list);
      QUIT;
    }

  return CAR (list);
}
\f
DEFUN ("delq", Fdelq, Sdelq, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Delete by side effect any occurrences of ELT as a member of LIST.
The modified LIST is returned.  Comparison is done with `eq'.
If the first member of LIST is ELT, there is no way to remove it by side effect;
therefore, write `(setq foo (delq element foo))'
to be sure of changing the value of `foo'.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object list)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail, prev;
  register Lisp_Object tem;

  tail = list;
  prev = Qnil;
  while (!NILP (tail))
    {
      CHECK_LIST_CONS (tail, list);
      tem = XCAR (tail);
      if (EQ (elt, tem))
        {
          if (NILP (prev))
            list = XCDR (tail);
          else
            Fsetcdr (prev, XCDR (tail));
        }
      else
        prev = tail;
      tail = XCDR (tail);
      QUIT;
    }
  return list;
}

DEFUN ("delete", Fdelete, Sdelete, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Delete by side effect any occurrences of ELT as a member of SEQ.
SEQ must be a list, a vector, or a string.
The modified SEQ is returned.  Comparison is done with `equal'.
If SEQ is not a list, or the first member of SEQ is ELT, deleting it
is not a side effect; it is simply using a different sequence.
Therefore, write `(setq foo (delete element foo))'
to be sure of changing the value of `foo'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object seq)
{
  if (VECTORP (seq))
    {
      EMACS_INT i, n;

      for (i = n = 0; i < ASIZE (seq); ++i)
        if (NILP (Fequal (AREF (seq, i), elt)))
          ++n;

      if (n != ASIZE (seq))
        {
          struct Lisp_Vector *p = allocate_vector (n);

          for (i = n = 0; i < ASIZE (seq); ++i)
            if (NILP (Fequal (AREF (seq, i), elt)))
              p->contents[n++] = AREF (seq, i);

          XSETVECTOR (seq, p);
        }
    }
  else if (STRINGP (seq))
    {
      EMACS_INT i, ibyte, nchars, nbytes, cbytes;
      int c;

      for (i = nchars = nbytes = ibyte = 0;
           i < SCHARS (seq);
           ++i, ibyte += cbytes)
        {
          if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (seq))
            {
              c = STRING_CHAR (SDATA (seq) + ibyte);
              cbytes = CHAR_BYTES (c);
            }
          else
            {
              c = SREF (seq, i);
              cbytes = 1;
            }

          if (!INTEGERP (elt) || c != XINT (elt))
            {
              ++nchars;
              nbytes += cbytes;
            }
        }

      if (nchars != SCHARS (seq))
        {
          Lisp_Object tem;

          tem = make_uninit_multibyte_string (nchars, nbytes);
          if (!STRING_MULTIBYTE (seq))
            STRING_SET_UNIBYTE (tem);

          for (i = nchars = nbytes = ibyte = 0;
               i < SCHARS (seq);
               ++i, ibyte += cbytes)
            {
              if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (seq))
                {
                  c = STRING_CHAR (SDATA (seq) + ibyte);
                  cbytes = CHAR_BYTES (c);
                }
              else
                {
                  c = SREF (seq, i);
                  cbytes = 1;
                }

              if (!INTEGERP (elt) || c != XINT (elt))
                {
                  unsigned char *from = SDATA (seq) + ibyte;
                  unsigned char *to   = SDATA (tem) + nbytes;
                  EMACS_INT n;

                  ++nchars;
                  nbytes += cbytes;

                  for (n = cbytes; n--; )
                    *to++ = *from++;
                }
            }

          seq = tem;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, prev;

      for (tail = seq, prev = Qnil; CONSP (tail); tail = XCDR (tail))
        {
          CHECK_LIST_CONS (tail, seq);

          if (!NILP (Fequal (elt, XCAR (tail))))
            {
              if (NILP (prev))
                seq = XCDR (tail);
              else
                Fsetcdr (prev, XCDR (tail));
            }
          else
            prev = tail;
          QUIT;
        }
    }

  return seq;
}

DEFUN ("nreverse", Fnreverse, Snreverse, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Reverse LIST by modifying cdr pointers.
Return the reversed list.  */)
  (Lisp_Object list)
{
  register Lisp_Object prev, tail, next;

  if (NILP (list)) return list;
  prev = Qnil;
  tail = list;
  while (!NILP (tail))
    {
      QUIT;
      CHECK_LIST_CONS (tail, list);
      next = XCDR (tail);
      Fsetcdr (tail, prev);
      prev = tail;
      tail = next;
    }
  return prev;
}

DEFUN ("reverse", Freverse, Sreverse, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Reverse LIST, copying.  Return the reversed list.
See also the function `nreverse', which is used more often.  */)
  (Lisp_Object list)
{
  Lisp_Object new;

  for (new = Qnil; CONSP (list); list = XCDR (list))
    {
      QUIT;
      new = Fcons (XCAR (list), new);
    }
  CHECK_LIST_END (list, list);
  return new;
}
\f
Lisp_Object merge (Lisp_Object org_l1, Lisp_Object org_l2, Lisp_Object pred);

DEFUN ("sort", Fsort, Ssort, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Sort LIST, stably, comparing elements using PREDICATE.
Returns the sorted list.  LIST is modified by side effects.
PREDICATE is called with two elements of LIST, and should return non-nil
if the first element should sort before the second.  */)
  (Lisp_Object list, Lisp_Object predicate)
{
  Lisp_Object front, back;
  register Lisp_Object len, tem;
  struct gcpro gcpro1, gcpro2;
  EMACS_INT length;

  front = list;
  len = Flength (list);
  length = XINT (len);
  if (length < 2)
    return list;

  XSETINT (len, (length / 2) - 1);
  tem = Fnthcdr (len, list);
  back = Fcdr (tem);
  Fsetcdr (tem, Qnil);

  GCPRO2 (front, back);
  front = Fsort (front, predicate);
  back = Fsort (back, predicate);
  UNGCPRO;
  return merge (front, back, predicate);
}

Lisp_Object
merge (Lisp_Object org_l1, Lisp_Object org_l2, Lisp_Object pred)
{
  Lisp_Object value;
  register Lisp_Object tail;
  Lisp_Object tem;
  register Lisp_Object l1, l2;
  struct gcpro gcpro1, gcpro2, gcpro3, gcpro4;

  l1 = org_l1;
  l2 = org_l2;
  tail = Qnil;
  value = Qnil;

  /* It is sufficient to protect org_l1 and org_l2.
     When l1 and l2 are updated, we copy the new values
     back into the org_ vars.  */
  GCPRO4 (org_l1, org_l2, pred, value);

  while (1)
    {
      if (NILP (l1))
        {
          UNGCPRO;
          if (NILP (tail))
            return l2;
          Fsetcdr (tail, l2);
          return value;
        }
      if (NILP (l2))
        {
          UNGCPRO;
          if (NILP (tail))
            return l1;
          Fsetcdr (tail, l1);
          return value;
        }
      tem = call2 (pred, Fcar (l2), Fcar (l1));
      if (NILP (tem))
        {
          tem = l1;
          l1 = Fcdr (l1);
          org_l1 = l1;
        }
      else
        {
          tem = l2;
          l2 = Fcdr (l2);
          org_l2 = l2;
        }
      if (NILP (tail))
        value = tem;
      else
        Fsetcdr (tail, tem);
      tail = tem;
    }
}

\f
/* This does not check for quits.  That is safe since it must terminate.  */

DEFUN ("plist-get", Fplist_get, Splist_get, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Extract a value from a property list.
PLIST is a property list, which is a list of the form
\(PROP1 VALUE1 PROP2 VALUE2...).  This function returns the value
corresponding to the given PROP, or nil if PROP is not one of the
properties on the list.  This function never signals an error.  */)
  (Lisp_Object plist, Lisp_Object prop)
{
  Lisp_Object tail, halftail;

  /* halftail is used to detect circular lists.  */
  tail = halftail = plist;
  while (CONSP (tail) && CONSP (XCDR (tail)))
    {
      if (EQ (prop, XCAR (tail)))
        return XCAR (XCDR (tail));

      tail = XCDR (XCDR (tail));
      halftail = XCDR (halftail);
      if (EQ (tail, halftail))
        break;

#if 0 /* Unsafe version.  */
      /* This function can be called asynchronously
         (setup_coding_system).  Don't QUIT in that case.  */
      if (!interrupt_input_blocked)
        QUIT;
#endif
    }

  return Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("get", Fget, Sget, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return the value of SYMBOL's PROPNAME property.
This is the last value stored with `(put SYMBOL PROPNAME VALUE)'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object symbol, Lisp_Object propname)
{
  CHECK_SYMBOL (symbol);
  return Fplist_get (XSYMBOL (symbol)->plist, propname);
}

DEFUN ("plist-put", Fplist_put, Splist_put, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Change value in PLIST of PROP to VAL.
PLIST is a property list, which is a list of the form
\(PROP1 VALUE1 PROP2 VALUE2 ...).  PROP is a symbol and VAL is any object.
If PROP is already a property on the list, its value is set to VAL,
otherwise the new PROP VAL pair is added.  The new plist is returned;
use `(setq x (plist-put x prop val))' to be sure to use the new value.
The PLIST is modified by side effects.  */)
  (Lisp_Object plist, register Lisp_Object prop, Lisp_Object val)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail, prev;
  Lisp_Object newcell;
  prev = Qnil;
  for (tail = plist; CONSP (tail) && CONSP (XCDR (tail));
       tail = XCDR (XCDR (tail)))
    {
      if (EQ (prop, XCAR (tail)))
        {
          Fsetcar (XCDR (tail), val);
          return plist;
        }

      prev = tail;
      QUIT;
    }
  newcell = Fcons (prop, Fcons (val, NILP (prev) ? plist : XCDR (XCDR (prev))));
  if (NILP (prev))
    return newcell;
  else
    Fsetcdr (XCDR (prev), newcell);
  return plist;
}

DEFUN ("put", Fput, Sput, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Store SYMBOL's PROPNAME property with value VALUE.
It can be retrieved with `(get SYMBOL PROPNAME)'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object symbol, Lisp_Object propname, Lisp_Object value)
{
  CHECK_SYMBOL (symbol);
  XSYMBOL (symbol)->plist
    = Fplist_put (XSYMBOL (symbol)->plist, propname, value);
  return value;
}
\f
DEFUN ("lax-plist-get", Flax_plist_get, Slax_plist_get, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Extract a value from a property list, comparing with `equal'.
PLIST is a property list, which is a list of the form
\(PROP1 VALUE1 PROP2 VALUE2...).  This function returns the value
corresponding to the given PROP, or nil if PROP is not
one of the properties on the list.  */)
  (Lisp_Object plist, Lisp_Object prop)
{
  Lisp_Object tail;

  for (tail = plist;
       CONSP (tail) && CONSP (XCDR (tail));
       tail = XCDR (XCDR (tail)))
    {
      if (! NILP (Fequal (prop, XCAR (tail))))
        return XCAR (XCDR (tail));

      QUIT;
    }

  CHECK_LIST_END (tail, prop);

  return Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("lax-plist-put", Flax_plist_put, Slax_plist_put, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Change value in PLIST of PROP to VAL, comparing with `equal'.
PLIST is a property list, which is a list of the form
\(PROP1 VALUE1 PROP2 VALUE2 ...).  PROP and VAL are any objects.
If PROP is already a property on the list, its value is set to VAL,
otherwise the new PROP VAL pair is added.  The new plist is returned;
use `(setq x (lax-plist-put x prop val))' to be sure to use the new value.
The PLIST is modified by side effects.  */)
  (Lisp_Object plist, register Lisp_Object prop, Lisp_Object val)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail, prev;
  Lisp_Object newcell;
  prev = Qnil;
  for (tail = plist; CONSP (tail) && CONSP (XCDR (tail));
       tail = XCDR (XCDR (tail)))
    {
      if (! NILP (Fequal (prop, XCAR (tail))))
        {
          Fsetcar (XCDR (tail), val);
          return plist;
        }

      prev = tail;
      QUIT;
    }
  newcell = Fcons (prop, Fcons (val, Qnil));
  if (NILP (prev))
    return newcell;
  else
    Fsetcdr (XCDR (prev), newcell);
  return plist;
}
\f
DEFUN ("eql", Feql, Seql, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if the two args are the same Lisp object.
Floating-point numbers of equal value are `eql', but they may not be `eq'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object obj1, Lisp_Object obj2)
{
  if (FLOATP (obj1))
    return internal_equal (obj1, obj2, 0, 0) ? Qt : Qnil;
  else
    return EQ (obj1, obj2) ? Qt : Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("equal", Fequal, Sequal, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if two Lisp objects have similar structure and contents.
They must have the same data type.
Conses are compared by comparing the cars and the cdrs.
Vectors and strings are compared element by element.
Numbers are compared by value, but integers cannot equal floats.
 (Use `=' if you want integers and floats to be able to be equal.)
Symbols must match exactly.  */)
  (register Lisp_Object o1, Lisp_Object o2)
{
  return internal_equal (o1, o2, 0, 0) ? Qt : Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("equal-including-properties", Fequal_including_properties, Sequal_including_properties, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if two Lisp objects have similar structure and contents.
This is like `equal' except that it compares the text properties
of strings.  (`equal' ignores text properties.)  */)
  (register Lisp_Object o1, Lisp_Object o2)
{
  return internal_equal (o1, o2, 0, 1) ? Qt : Qnil;
}

/* DEPTH is current depth of recursion.  Signal an error if it
   gets too deep.
   PROPS, if non-nil, means compare string text properties too.  */

static int
internal_equal (register Lisp_Object o1, register Lisp_Object o2, int depth, int props)
{
  if (depth > 200)
    error ("Stack overflow in equal");

 tail_recurse:
  QUIT;
  if (EQ (o1, o2))
    return 1;
  if (XTYPE (o1) != XTYPE (o2))
    return 0;

  switch (XTYPE (o1))
    {
    case Lisp_Float:
      {
        double d1, d2;

        d1 = extract_float (o1);
        d2 = extract_float (o2);
        /* If d is a NaN, then d != d. Two NaNs should be `equal' even
           though they are not =. */
        return d1 == d2 || (d1 != d1 && d2 != d2);
      }

    case Lisp_Cons:
      if (!internal_equal (XCAR (o1), XCAR (o2), depth + 1, props))
        return 0;
      o1 = XCDR (o1);
      o2 = XCDR (o2);
      goto tail_recurse;

    case Lisp_Misc:
      if (XMISCTYPE (o1) != XMISCTYPE (o2))
        return 0;
      if (OVERLAYP (o1))
        {
          if (!internal_equal (OVERLAY_START (o1), OVERLAY_START (o2),
                               depth + 1, props)
              || !internal_equal (OVERLAY_END (o1), OVERLAY_END (o2),
                                  depth + 1, props))
            return 0;
          o1 = XOVERLAY (o1)->plist;
          o2 = XOVERLAY (o2)->plist;
          goto tail_recurse;
        }
      if (MARKERP (o1))
        {
          return (XMARKER (o1)->buffer == XMARKER (o2)->buffer
                  && (XMARKER (o1)->buffer == 0
                      || XMARKER (o1)->bytepos == XMARKER (o2)->bytepos));
        }
      break;

    case Lisp_Vectorlike:
      {
        register int i;
        EMACS_INT size = ASIZE (o1);
        /* Pseudovectors have the type encoded in the size field, so this test
           actually checks that the objects have the same type as well as the
           same size.  */
        if (ASIZE (o2) != size)
          return 0;
        /* Boolvectors are compared much like strings.  */
        if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (o1))
          {
            if (XBOOL_VECTOR (o1)->size != XBOOL_VECTOR (o2)->size)
              return 0;
            if (memcmp (XBOOL_VECTOR (o1)->data, XBOOL_VECTOR (o2)->data,
                        ((XBOOL_VECTOR (o1)->size
                          + BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR - 1)
                         / BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR)))
              return 0;
            return 1;
          }
        if (WINDOW_CONFIGURATIONP (o1))
          return compare_window_configurations (o1, o2, 0);

        /* Aside from them, only true vectors, char-tables, compiled
           functions, and fonts (font-spec, font-entity, font-object)
           are sensible to compare, so eliminate the others now.  */
        if (size & PSEUDOVECTOR_FLAG)
          {
            if (!(size & (PVEC_COMPILED
                          | PVEC_CHAR_TABLE | PVEC_SUB_CHAR_TABLE | PVEC_FONT)))
              return 0;
            size &= PSEUDOVECTOR_SIZE_MASK;
          }
        for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
          {
            Lisp_Object v1, v2;
            v1 = AREF (o1, i);
            v2 = AREF (o2, i);
            if (!internal_equal (v1, v2, depth + 1, props))
              return 0;
          }
        return 1;
      }
      break;

    case Lisp_String:
      if (SCHARS (o1) != SCHARS (o2))
        return 0;
      if (SBYTES (o1) != SBYTES (o2))
        return 0;
      if (memcmp (SDATA (o1), SDATA (o2), SBYTES (o1)))
        return 0;
      if (props && !compare_string_intervals (o1, o2))
        return 0;
      return 1;

    default:
      break;
    }

  return 0;
}
\f

DEFUN ("fillarray", Ffillarray, Sfillarray, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Store each element of ARRAY with ITEM.
ARRAY is a vector, string, char-table, or bool-vector.  */)
  (Lisp_Object array, Lisp_Object item)
{
  register EMACS_INT size, idx;

  if (VECTORP (array))
    {
      register Lisp_Object *p = XVECTOR (array)->contents;
      size = ASIZE (array);
      for (idx = 0; idx < size; idx++)
        p[idx] = item;
    }
  else if (CHAR_TABLE_P (array))
    {
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < (1 << CHARTAB_SIZE_BITS_0); i++)
        XCHAR_TABLE (array)->contents[i] = item;
      XCHAR_TABLE (array)->defalt = item;
    }
  else if (STRINGP (array))
    {
      register unsigned char *p = SDATA (array);
      int charval;
      CHECK_CHARACTER (item);
      charval = XFASTINT (item);
      size = SCHARS (array);
      if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (array))
        {
          unsigned char str[MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH];
          int len = CHAR_STRING (charval, str);
          EMACS_INT size_byte = SBYTES (array);

          if (INT_MULTIPLY_OVERFLOW (SCHARS (array), len)
              || SCHARS (array) * len != size_byte)
            error ("Attempt to change byte length of a string");
          for (idx = 0; idx < size_byte; idx++)
            *p++ = str[idx % len];
        }
      else
        for (idx = 0; idx < size; idx++)
          p[idx] = charval;
    }
  else if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (array))
    {
      register unsigned char *p = XBOOL_VECTOR (array)->data;
      EMACS_INT size_in_chars;
      size = XBOOL_VECTOR (array)->size;
      size_in_chars
        = ((size + BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR - 1)
           / BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR);

      if (size_in_chars)
        {
          memset (p, ! NILP (item) ? -1 : 0, size_in_chars);

          /* Clear any extraneous bits in the last byte.  */
          p[size_in_chars - 1] &= (1 << (size % BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR)) - 1;
        }
    }
  else
    wrong_type_argument (Qarrayp, array);
  return array;
}

DEFUN ("clear-string", Fclear_string, Sclear_string,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Clear the contents of STRING.
This makes STRING unibyte and may change its length.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  EMACS_INT len;
  CHECK_STRING (string);
  len = SBYTES (string);
  memset (SDATA (string), 0, len);
  STRING_SET_CHARS (string, len);
  STRING_SET_UNIBYTE (string);
  return Qnil;
}
\f
/* ARGSUSED */
Lisp_Object
nconc2 (Lisp_Object s1, Lisp_Object s2)
{
  Lisp_Object args[2];
  args[0] = s1;
  args[1] = s2;
  return Fnconc (2, args);
}

DEFUN ("nconc", Fnconc, Snconc, 0, MANY, 0,
       doc: /* Concatenate any number of lists by altering them.
Only the last argument is not altered, and need not be a list.
usage: (nconc &rest LISTS)  */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  ptrdiff_t argnum;
  register Lisp_Object tail, tem, val;

  val = tail = Qnil;

  for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
    {
      tem = args[argnum];
      if (NILP (tem)) continue;

      if (NILP (val))
        val = tem;

      if (argnum + 1 == nargs) break;

      CHECK_LIST_CONS (tem, tem);

      while (CONSP (tem))
        {
          tail = tem;
          tem = XCDR (tail);
          QUIT;
        }

      tem = args[argnum + 1];
      Fsetcdr (tail, tem);
      if (NILP (tem))
        args[argnum + 1] = tail;
    }

  return val;
}
\f
/* This is the guts of all mapping functions.
 Apply FN to each element of SEQ, one by one,
 storing the results into elements of VALS, a C vector of Lisp_Objects.
 LENI is the length of VALS, which should also be the length of SEQ.  */

static void
mapcar1 (EMACS_INT leni, Lisp_Object *vals, Lisp_Object fn, Lisp_Object seq)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail;
  Lisp_Object dummy;
  register EMACS_INT i;
  struct gcpro gcpro1, gcpro2, gcpro3;

  if (vals)
    {
      /* Don't let vals contain any garbage when GC happens.  */
      for (i = 0; i < leni; i++)
        vals[i] = Qnil;

      GCPRO3 (dummy, fn, seq);
      gcpro1.var = vals;
      gcpro1.nvars = leni;
    }
  else
    GCPRO2 (fn, seq);
  /* We need not explicitly protect `tail' because it is used only on lists, and
    1) lists are not relocated and 2) the list is marked via `seq' so will not
    be freed */

  if (VECTORP (seq) || COMPILEDP (seq))
    {
      for (i = 0; i < leni; i++)
        {
          dummy = call1 (fn, AREF (seq, i));
          if (vals)
            vals[i] = dummy;
        }
    }
  else if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (seq))
    {
      for (i = 0; i < leni; i++)
        {
          unsigned char byte;
          byte = XBOOL_VECTOR (seq)->data[i / BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR];
          dummy = (byte & (1 << (i % BOOL_VECTOR_BITS_PER_CHAR))) ? Qt : Qnil;
          dummy = call1 (fn, dummy);
          if (vals)
            vals[i] = dummy;
        }
    }
  else if (STRINGP (seq))
    {
      EMACS_INT i_byte;

      for (i = 0, i_byte = 0; i < leni;)
        {
          int c;
          EMACS_INT i_before = i;

          FETCH_STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE (c, seq, i, i_byte);
          XSETFASTINT (dummy, c);
          dummy = call1 (fn, dummy);
          if (vals)
            vals[i_before] = dummy;
        }
    }
  else   /* Must be a list, since Flength did not get an error */
    {
      tail = seq;
      for (i = 0; i < leni && CONSP (tail); i++)
        {
          dummy = call1 (fn, XCAR (tail));
          if (vals)
            vals[i] = dummy;
          tail = XCDR (tail);
        }
    }

  UNGCPRO;
}

DEFUN ("mapconcat", Fmapconcat, Smapconcat, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Apply FUNCTION to each element of SEQUENCE, and concat the results as strings.
In between each pair of results, stick in SEPARATOR.  Thus, " " as
SEPARATOR results in spaces between the values returned by FUNCTION.
SEQUENCE may be a list, a vector, a bool-vector, or a string.  */)
  (Lisp_Object function, Lisp_Object sequence, Lisp_Object separator)
{
  Lisp_Object len;
  register EMACS_INT leni;
  ptrdiff_t i, nargs;
  register Lisp_Object *args;
  struct gcpro gcpro1;
  Lisp_Object ret;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  len = Flength (sequence);
  if (CHAR_TABLE_P (sequence))
    wrong_type_argument (Qlistp, sequence);
  leni = XINT (len);
  nargs = leni + leni - 1;
  if (nargs < 0) return empty_unibyte_string;

  SAFE_ALLOCA_LISP (args, nargs);

  GCPRO1 (separator);
  mapcar1 (leni, args, function, sequence);
  UNGCPRO;

  for (i = leni - 1; i > 0; i--)
    args[i + i] = args[i];

  for (i = 1; i < nargs; i += 2)
    args[i] = separator;

  ret = Fconcat (nargs, args);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  return ret;
}

DEFUN ("mapcar", Fmapcar, Smapcar, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Apply FUNCTION to each element of SEQUENCE, and make a list of the results.
The result is a list just as long as SEQUENCE.
SEQUENCE may be a list, a vector, a bool-vector, or a string.  */)
  (Lisp_Object function, Lisp_Object sequence)
{
  register Lisp_Object len;
  register EMACS_INT leni;
  register Lisp_Object *args;
  Lisp_Object ret;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  len = Flength (sequence);
  if (CHAR_TABLE_P (sequence))
    wrong_type_argument (Qlistp, sequence);
  leni = XFASTINT (len);

  SAFE_ALLOCA_LISP (args, leni);

  mapcar1 (leni, args, function, sequence);

  ret = Flist (leni, args);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  return ret;
}

DEFUN ("mapc", Fmapc, Smapc, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Apply FUNCTION to each element of SEQUENCE for side effects only.
Unlike `mapcar', don't accumulate the results.  Return SEQUENCE.
SEQUENCE may be a list, a vector, a bool-vector, or a string.  */)
  (Lisp_Object function, Lisp_Object sequence)
{
  register EMACS_INT leni;

  leni = XFASTINT (Flength (sequence));
  if (CHAR_TABLE_P (sequence))
    wrong_type_argument (Qlistp, sequence);
  mapcar1 (leni, 0, function, sequence);

  return sequence;
}
\f
/* This is how C code calls `yes-or-no-p' and allows the user
   to redefined it.

   Anything that calls this function must protect from GC!  */

Lisp_Object
do_yes_or_no_p (Lisp_Object prompt)
{
  return call1 (intern ("yes-or-no-p"), prompt);
}

/* Anything that calls this function must protect from GC!  */

DEFUN ("yes-or-no-p", Fyes_or_no_p, Syes_or_no_p, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Ask user a yes-or-no question.  Return t if answer is yes.
PROMPT is the string to display to ask the question.  It should end in
a space; `yes-or-no-p' adds \"(yes or no) \" to it.

The user must confirm the answer with RET, and can edit it until it
has been confirmed.

Under a windowing system a dialog box will be used if `last-nonmenu-event'
is nil, and `use-dialog-box' is non-nil.  */)
  (Lisp_Object prompt)
{
  register Lisp_Object ans;
  Lisp_Object args[2];
  struct gcpro gcpro1;

  CHECK_STRING (prompt);

#ifdef HAVE_MENUS
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (SELECTED_FRAME ())
      && (NILP (last_nonmenu_event) || CONSP (last_nonmenu_event))
      && use_dialog_box
      && have_menus_p ())
    {
      Lisp_Object pane, menu, obj;
      redisplay_preserve_echo_area (4);
      pane = Fcons (Fcons (build_string ("Yes"), Qt),
                    Fcons (Fcons (build_string ("No"), Qnil),
                           Qnil));
      GCPRO1 (pane);
      menu = Fcons (prompt, pane);
      obj = Fx_popup_dialog (Qt, menu, Qnil);
      UNGCPRO;
      return obj;
    }
#endif /* HAVE_MENUS */

  args[0] = prompt;
  args[1] = build_string ("(yes or no) ");
  prompt = Fconcat (2, args);

  GCPRO1 (prompt);

  while (1)
    {
      ans = Fdowncase (Fread_from_minibuffer (prompt, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil,
                                              Qyes_or_no_p_history, Qnil,
                                              Qnil));
      if (SCHARS (ans) == 3 && !strcmp (SSDATA (ans), "yes"))
        {
          UNGCPRO;
          return Qt;
        }
      if (SCHARS (ans) == 2 && !strcmp (SSDATA (ans), "no"))
        {
          UNGCPRO;
          return Qnil;
        }

      Fding (Qnil);
      Fdiscard_input ();
      message ("Please answer yes or no.");
      Fsleep_for (make_number (2), Qnil);
    }
}
\f
DEFUN ("load-average", Fload_average, Sload_average, 0, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return list of 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages.

Each of the three load averages is multiplied by 100, then converted
to integer.

When USE-FLOATS is non-nil, floats will be used instead of integers.
These floats are not multiplied by 100.

If the 5-minute or 15-minute load averages are not available, return a
shortened list, containing only those averages which are available.

An error is thrown if the load average can't be obtained.  In some
cases making it work would require Emacs being installed setuid or
setgid so that it can read kernel information, and that usually isn't
advisable.  */)
  (Lisp_Object use_floats)
{
  double load_ave[3];
  int loads = getloadavg (load_ave, 3);
  Lisp_Object ret = Qnil;

  if (loads < 0)
    error ("load-average not implemented for this operating system");

  while (loads-- > 0)
    {
      Lisp_Object load = (NILP (use_floats)
                          ? make_number (100.0 * load_ave[loads])
                          : make_float (load_ave[loads]));
      ret = Fcons (load, ret);
    }

  return ret;
}
\f
static Lisp_Object Qsubfeatures;

DEFUN ("featurep", Ffeaturep, Sfeaturep, 1, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if FEATURE is present in this Emacs.

Use this to conditionalize execution of lisp code based on the
presence or absence of Emacs or environment extensions.
Use `provide' to declare that a feature is available.  This function
looks at the value of the variable `features'.  The optional argument
SUBFEATURE can be used to check a specific subfeature of FEATURE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object feature, Lisp_Object subfeature)
{
  register Lisp_Object tem;
  CHECK_SYMBOL (feature);
  tem = Fmemq (feature, Vfeatures);
  if (!NILP (tem) && !NILP (subfeature))
    tem = Fmember (subfeature, Fget (feature, Qsubfeatures));
  return (NILP (tem)) ? Qnil : Qt;
}

DEFUN ("provide", Fprovide, Sprovide, 1, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Announce that FEATURE is a feature of the current Emacs.
The optional argument SUBFEATURES should be a list of symbols listing
particular subfeatures supported in this version of FEATURE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object feature, Lisp_Object subfeatures)
{
  register Lisp_Object tem;
  CHECK_SYMBOL (feature);
  CHECK_LIST (subfeatures);
  if (!NILP (Vautoload_queue))
    Vautoload_queue = Fcons (Fcons (make_number (0), Vfeatures),
                             Vautoload_queue);
  tem = Fmemq (feature, Vfeatures);
  if (NILP (tem))
    Vfeatures = Fcons (feature, Vfeatures);
  if (!NILP (subfeatures))
    Fput (feature, Qsubfeatures, subfeatures);
  LOADHIST_ATTACH (Fcons (Qprovide, feature));

  /* Run any load-hooks for this file.  */
  tem = Fassq (feature, Vafter_load_alist);
  if (CONSP (tem))
    Fprogn (XCDR (tem));

  return feature;
}
\f
/* `require' and its subroutines.  */

/* List of features currently being require'd, innermost first.  */

static Lisp_Object require_nesting_list;

static Lisp_Object
require_unwind (Lisp_Object old_value)
{
  return require_nesting_list = old_value;
}

DEFUN ("require", Frequire, Srequire, 1, 3, 0,
       doc: /* If feature FEATURE is not loaded, load it from FILENAME.
If FEATURE is not a member of the list `features', then the feature
is not loaded; so load the file FILENAME.
If FILENAME is omitted, the printname of FEATURE is used as the file name,
and `load' will try to load this name appended with the suffix `.elc' or
`.el', in that order.  The name without appended suffix will not be used.
See `get-load-suffixes' for the complete list of suffixes.
If the optional third argument NOERROR is non-nil,
then return nil if the file is not found instead of signaling an error.
Normally the return value is FEATURE.
The normal messages at start and end of loading FILENAME are suppressed.  */)
  (Lisp_Object feature, Lisp_Object filename, Lisp_Object noerror)
{
  register Lisp_Object tem;
  struct gcpro gcpro1, gcpro2;
  int from_file = load_in_progress;

  CHECK_SYMBOL (feature);

  /* Record the presence of `require' in this file
     even if the feature specified is already loaded.
     But not more than once in any file,
     and not when we aren't loading or reading from a file.  */
  if (!from_file)
    for (tem = Vcurrent_load_list; CONSP (tem); tem = XCDR (tem))
      if (NILP (XCDR (tem)) && STRINGP (XCAR (tem)))
        from_file = 1;

  if (from_file)
    {
      tem = Fcons (Qrequire, feature);
      if (NILP (Fmember (tem, Vcurrent_load_list)))
        LOADHIST_ATTACH (tem);
    }
  tem = Fmemq (feature, Vfeatures);

  if (NILP (tem))
    {
      int count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
      int nesting = 0;

      /* This is to make sure that loadup.el gives a clear picture
         of what files are preloaded and when.  */
      if (! NILP (Vpurify_flag))
        error ("(require %s) while preparing to dump",
               SDATA (SYMBOL_NAME (feature)));

      /* A certain amount of recursive `require' is legitimate,
         but if we require the same feature recursively 3 times,
         signal an error.  */
      tem = require_nesting_list;
      while (! NILP (tem))
        {
          if (! NILP (Fequal (feature, XCAR (tem))))
            nesting++;
          tem = XCDR (tem);
        }
      if (nesting > 3)
        error ("Recursive `require' for feature `%s'",
               SDATA (SYMBOL_NAME (feature)));

      /* Update the list for any nested `require's that occur.  */
      record_unwind_protect (require_unwind, require_nesting_list);
      require_nesting_list = Fcons (feature, require_nesting_list);

      /* Value saved here is to be restored into Vautoload_queue */
      record_unwind_protect (un_autoload, Vautoload_queue);
      Vautoload_queue = Qt;

      /* Load the file.  */
      GCPRO2 (feature, filename);
      tem = Fload (NILP (filename) ? Fsymbol_name (feature) : filename,
                   noerror, Qt, Qnil, (NILP (filename) ? Qt : Qnil));
      UNGCPRO;

      /* If load failed entirely, return nil.  */
      if (NILP (tem))
        return unbind_to (count, Qnil);

      tem = Fmemq (feature, Vfeatures);
      if (NILP (tem))
        error ("Required feature `%s' was not provided",
               SDATA (SYMBOL_NAME (feature)));

      /* Once loading finishes, don't undo it.  */
      Vautoload_queue = Qt;
      feature = unbind_to (count, feature);
    }

  return feature;
}
\f
/* Primitives for work of the "widget" library.
   In an ideal world, this section would not have been necessary.
   However, lisp function calls being as slow as they are, it turns
   out that some functions in the widget library (wid-edit.el) are the
   bottleneck of Widget operation.  Here is their translation to C,
   for the sole reason of efficiency.  */

DEFUN ("plist-member", Fplist_member, Splist_member, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return non-nil if PLIST has the property PROP.
PLIST is a property list, which is a list of the form
\(PROP1 VALUE1 PROP2 VALUE2 ...\).  PROP is a symbol.
Unlike `plist-get', this allows you to distinguish between a missing
property and a property with the value nil.
The value is actually the tail of PLIST whose car is PROP.  */)
  (Lisp_Object plist, Lisp_Object prop)
{
  while (CONSP (plist) && !EQ (XCAR (plist), prop))
    {
      QUIT;
      plist = XCDR (plist);
      plist = CDR (plist);
    }
  return plist;
}

DEFUN ("widget-put", Fwidget_put, Swidget_put, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* In WIDGET, set PROPERTY to VALUE.
The value can later be retrieved with `widget-get'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object widget, Lisp_Object property, Lisp_Object value)
{
  CHECK_CONS (widget);
  XSETCDR (widget, Fplist_put (XCDR (widget), property, value));
  return value;
}

DEFUN ("widget-get", Fwidget_get, Swidget_get, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* In WIDGET, get the value of PROPERTY.
The value could either be specified when the widget was created, or
later with `widget-put'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object widget, Lisp_Object property)
{
  Lisp_Object tmp;

  while (1)
    {
      if (NILP (widget))
        return Qnil;
      CHECK_CONS (widget);
      tmp = Fplist_member (XCDR (widget), property);
      if (CONSP (tmp))
        {
          tmp = XCDR (tmp);
          return CAR (tmp);
        }
      tmp = XCAR (widget);
      if (NILP (tmp))
        return Qnil;
      widget = Fget (tmp, Qwidget_type);
    }
}

DEFUN ("widget-apply", Fwidget_apply, Swidget_apply, 2, MANY, 0,
       doc: /* Apply the value of WIDGET's PROPERTY to the widget itself.
ARGS are passed as extra arguments to the function.
usage: (widget-apply WIDGET PROPERTY &rest ARGS)  */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  /* This function can GC. */
  Lisp_Object newargs[3];
  struct gcpro gcpro1, gcpro2;
  Lisp_Object result;

  newargs[0] = Fwidget_get (args[0], args[1]);
  newargs[1] = args[0];
  newargs[2] = Flist (nargs - 2, args + 2);
  GCPRO2 (newargs[0], newargs[2]);
  result = Fapply (3, newargs);
  UNGCPRO;
  return result;
}

#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
#include <langinfo.h>
#endif

DEFUN ("locale-info", Flocale_info, Slocale_info, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Access locale data ITEM for the current C locale, if available.
ITEM should be one of the following:

`codeset', returning the character set as a string (locale item CODESET);

`days', returning a 7-element vector of day names (locale items DAY_n);

`months', returning a 12-element vector of month names (locale items MON_n);

`paper', returning a list (WIDTH HEIGHT) for the default paper size,
  both measured in millimeters (locale items PAPER_WIDTH, PAPER_HEIGHT).

If the system can't provide such information through a call to
`nl_langinfo', or if ITEM isn't from the list above, return nil.

See also Info node `(libc)Locales'.

The data read from the system are decoded using `locale-coding-system'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object item)
{
  char *str = NULL;
#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
  Lisp_Object val;
  if (EQ (item, Qcodeset))
    {
      str = nl_langinfo (CODESET);
      return build_string (str);
    }
#ifdef DAY_1
  else if (EQ (item, Qdays))    /* e.g. for calendar-day-name-array */
    {
      Lisp_Object v = Fmake_vector (make_number (7), Qnil);
      const int days[7] = {DAY_1, DAY_2, DAY_3, DAY_4, DAY_5, DAY_6, DAY_7};
      int i;
      struct gcpro gcpro1;
      GCPRO1 (v);
      synchronize_system_time_locale ();
      for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
        {
          str = nl_langinfo (days[i]);
          val = make_unibyte_string (str, strlen (str));
          /* Fixme: Is this coding system necessarily right, even if
             it is consistent with CODESET?  If not, what to do?  */
          Faset (v, make_number (i),
                 code_convert_string_norecord (val, Vlocale_coding_system,
                                               0));
        }
      UNGCPRO;
      return v;
    }
#endif  /* DAY_1 */
#ifdef MON_1
  else if (EQ (item, Qmonths))  /* e.g. for calendar-month-name-array */
    {
      Lisp_Object v = Fmake_vector (make_number (12), Qnil);
      const int months[12] = {MON_1, MON_2, MON_3, MON_4, MON_5, MON_6, MON_7,
                              MON_8, MON_9, MON_10, MON_11, MON_12};
      int i;
      struct gcpro gcpro1;
      GCPRO1 (v);
      synchronize_system_time_locale ();
      for (i = 0; i < 12; i++)
        {
          str = nl_langinfo (months[i]);
          val = make_unibyte_string (str, strlen (str));
          Faset (v, make_number (i),
                 code_convert_string_norecord (val, Vlocale_coding_system, 0));
        }
      UNGCPRO;
      return v;
    }
#endif  /* MON_1 */
/* LC_PAPER stuff isn't defined as accessible in glibc as of 2.3.1,
   but is in the locale files.  This could be used by ps-print.  */
#ifdef PAPER_WIDTH
  else if (EQ (item, Qpaper))
    {
      return list2 (make_number (nl_langinfo (PAPER_WIDTH)),
                    make_number (nl_langinfo (PAPER_HEIGHT)));
    }
#endif  /* PAPER_WIDTH */
#endif  /* HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET*/
  return Qnil;
}
\f
/* base64 encode/decode functions (RFC 2045).
   Based on code from GNU recode. */

#define MIME_LINE_LENGTH 76

#define IS_ASCII(Character) \
  ((Character) < 128)
#define IS_BASE64(Character) \
  (IS_ASCII (Character) && base64_char_to_value[Character] >= 0)
#define IS_BASE64_IGNORABLE(Character) \
  ((Character) == ' ' || (Character) == '\t' || (Character) == '\n' \
   || (Character) == '\f' || (Character) == '\r')

/* Used by base64_decode_1 to retrieve a non-base64-ignorable
   character or return retval if there are no characters left to
   process. */
#define READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE(retval)    \
  do                                    \
    {                                   \
      if (i == length)                  \
        {                               \
          if (nchars_return)            \
            *nchars_return = nchars;    \
          return (retval);              \
        }                               \
      c = from[i++];                    \
    }                                   \
  while (IS_BASE64_IGNORABLE (c))

/* Table of characters coding the 64 values.  */
static const char base64_value_to_char[64] =
{
  'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',     /*  0- 9 */
  'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T',     /* 10-19 */
  'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',     /* 20-29 */
  'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',     /* 30-39 */
  'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x',     /* 40-49 */
  'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',     /* 50-59 */
  '8', '9', '+', '/'                                    /* 60-63 */
};

/* Table of base64 values for first 128 characters.  */
static const short base64_char_to_value[128] =
{
  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,      /*   0-  9 */
  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,      /*  10- 19 */
  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,      /*  20- 29 */
  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,      /*  30- 39 */
  -1,  -1,  -1,  62,  -1,  -1,  -1,  63,  52,  53,      /*  40- 49 */
  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  -1,  -1,      /*  50- 59 */
  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  0,   1,   2,   3,   4,       /*  60- 69 */
  5,   6,   7,   8,   9,   10,  11,  12,  13,  14,      /*  70- 79 */
  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,      /*  80- 89 */
  25,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  26,  27,  28,      /*  90- 99 */
  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,      /* 100-109 */
  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,      /* 110-119 */
  49,  50,  51,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1,  -1                 /* 120-127 */
};

/* The following diagram shows the logical steps by which three octets
   get transformed into four base64 characters.

                 .--------.  .--------.  .--------.
                 |aaaaaabb|  |bbbbcccc|  |ccdddddd|
                 `--------'  `--------'  `--------'
                    6   2      4   4       2   6
               .--------+--------+--------+--------.
               |00aaaaaa|00bbbbbb|00cccccc|00dddddd|
               `--------+--------+--------+--------'

               .--------+--------+--------+--------.
               |AAAAAAAA|BBBBBBBB|CCCCCCCC|DDDDDDDD|
               `--------+--------+--------+--------'

   The octets are divided into 6 bit chunks, which are then encoded into
   base64 characters.  */


static EMACS_INT base64_encode_1 (const char *, char *, EMACS_INT, int, int);
static EMACS_INT base64_decode_1 (const char *, char *, EMACS_INT, int,
                                  EMACS_INT *);

DEFUN ("base64-encode-region", Fbase64_encode_region, Sbase64_encode_region,
       2, 3, "r",
       doc: /* Base64-encode the region between BEG and END.
Return the length of the encoded text.
Optional third argument NO-LINE-BREAK means do not break long lines
into shorter lines.  */)
  (Lisp_Object beg, Lisp_Object end, Lisp_Object no_line_break)
{
  char *encoded;
  EMACS_INT allength, length;
  EMACS_INT ibeg, iend, encoded_length;
  EMACS_INT old_pos = PT;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  validate_region (&beg, &end);

  ibeg = CHAR_TO_BYTE (XFASTINT (beg));
  iend = CHAR_TO_BYTE (XFASTINT (end));
  move_gap_both (XFASTINT (beg), ibeg);

  /* We need to allocate enough room for encoding the text.
     We need 33 1/3% more space, plus a newline every 76
     characters, and then we round up. */
  length = iend - ibeg;
  allength = length + length/3 + 1;
  allength += allength / MIME_LINE_LENGTH + 1 + 6;

  SAFE_ALLOCA (encoded, char *, allength);
  encoded_length = base64_encode_1 ((char *) BYTE_POS_ADDR (ibeg),
                                    encoded, length, NILP (no_line_break),
                                    !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)));
  if (encoded_length > allength)
    abort ();

  if (encoded_length < 0)
    {
      /* The encoding wasn't possible. */
      SAFE_FREE ();
      error ("Multibyte character in data for base64 encoding");
    }

  /* Now we have encoded the region, so we insert the new contents
     and delete the old.  (Insert first in order to preserve markers.)  */
  SET_PT_BOTH (XFASTINT (beg), ibeg);
  insert (encoded, encoded_length);
  SAFE_FREE ();
  del_range_byte (ibeg + encoded_length, iend + encoded_length, 1);

  /* If point was outside of the region, restore it exactly; else just
     move to the beginning of the region.  */
  if (old_pos >= XFASTINT (end))
    old_pos += encoded_length - (XFASTINT (end) - XFASTINT (beg));
  else if (old_pos > XFASTINT (beg))
    old_pos = XFASTINT (beg);
  SET_PT (old_pos);

  /* We return the length of the encoded text. */
  return make_number (encoded_length);
}

DEFUN ("base64-encode-string", Fbase64_encode_string, Sbase64_encode_string,
       1, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Base64-encode STRING and return the result.
Optional second argument NO-LINE-BREAK means do not break long lines
into shorter lines.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string, Lisp_Object no_line_break)
{
  EMACS_INT allength, length, encoded_length;
  char *encoded;
  Lisp_Object encoded_string;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  CHECK_STRING (string);

  /* We need to allocate enough room for encoding the text.
     We need 33 1/3% more space, plus a newline every 76
     characters, and then we round up. */
  length = SBYTES (string);
  allength = length + length/3 + 1;
  allength += allength / MIME_LINE_LENGTH + 1 + 6;

  /* We need to allocate enough room for decoding the text. */
  SAFE_ALLOCA (encoded, char *, allength);

  encoded_length = base64_encode_1 (SSDATA (string),
                                    encoded, length, NILP (no_line_break),
                                    STRING_MULTIBYTE (string));
  if (encoded_length > allength)
    abort ();

  if (encoded_length < 0)
    {
      /* The encoding wasn't possible. */
      SAFE_FREE ();
      error ("Multibyte character in data for base64 encoding");
    }

  encoded_string = make_unibyte_string (encoded, encoded_length);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  return encoded_string;
}

static EMACS_INT
base64_encode_1 (const char *from, char *to, EMACS_INT length,
                 int line_break, int multibyte)
{
  int counter = 0;
  EMACS_INT i = 0;
  char *e = to;
  int c;
  unsigned int value;
  int bytes;

  while (i < length)
    {
      if (multibyte)
        {
          c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH ((unsigned char *) from + i, bytes);
          if (CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
            c = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
          else if (c >= 256)
            return -1;
          i += bytes;
        }
      else
        c = from[i++];

      /* Wrap line every 76 characters.  */

      if (line_break)
        {
          if (counter < MIME_LINE_LENGTH / 4)
            counter++;
          else
            {
              *e++ = '\n';
              counter = 1;
            }
        }

      /* Process first byte of a triplet.  */

      *e++ = base64_value_to_char[0x3f & c >> 2];
      value = (0x03 & c) << 4;

      /* Process second byte of a triplet.  */

      if (i == length)
        {
          *e++ = base64_value_to_char[value];
          *e++ = '=';
          *e++ = '=';
          break;
        }

      if (multibyte)
        {
          c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH ((unsigned char *) from + i, bytes);
          if (CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
            c = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
          else if (c >= 256)
            return -1;
          i += bytes;
        }
      else
        c = from[i++];

      *e++ = base64_value_to_char[value | (0x0f & c >> 4)];
      value = (0x0f & c) << 2;

      /* Process third byte of a triplet.  */

      if (i == length)
        {
          *e++ = base64_value_to_char[value];
          *e++ = '=';
          break;
        }

      if (multibyte)
        {
          c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH ((unsigned char *) from + i, bytes);
          if (CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
            c = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
          else if (c >= 256)
            return -1;
          i += bytes;
        }
      else
        c = from[i++];

      *e++ = base64_value_to_char[value | (0x03 & c >> 6)];
      *e++ = base64_value_to_char[0x3f & c];
    }

  return e - to;
}


DEFUN ("base64-decode-region", Fbase64_decode_region, Sbase64_decode_region,
       2, 2, "r",
       doc: /* Base64-decode the region between BEG and END.
Return the length of the decoded text.
If the region can't be decoded, signal an error and don't modify the buffer.  */)
  (Lisp_Object beg, Lisp_Object end)
{
  EMACS_INT ibeg, iend, length, allength;
  char *decoded;
  EMACS_INT old_pos = PT;
  EMACS_INT decoded_length;
  EMACS_INT inserted_chars;
  int multibyte = !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters));
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  validate_region (&beg, &end);

  ibeg = CHAR_TO_BYTE (XFASTINT (beg));
  iend = CHAR_TO_BYTE (XFASTINT (end));

  length = iend - ibeg;

  /* We need to allocate enough room for decoding the text.  If we are
     working on a multibyte buffer, each decoded code may occupy at
     most two bytes.  */
  allength = multibyte ? length * 2 : length;
  SAFE_ALLOCA (decoded, char *, allength);

  move_gap_both (XFASTINT (beg), ibeg);
  decoded_length = base64_decode_1 ((char *) BYTE_POS_ADDR (ibeg),
                                    decoded, length,
                                    multibyte, &inserted_chars);
  if (decoded_length > allength)
    abort ();

  if (decoded_length < 0)
    {
      /* The decoding wasn't possible. */
      SAFE_FREE ();
      error ("Invalid base64 data");
    }

  /* Now we have decoded the region, so we insert the new contents
     and delete the old.  (Insert first in order to preserve markers.)  */
  TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (XFASTINT (beg), ibeg);
  insert_1_both (decoded, inserted_chars, decoded_length, 0, 1, 0);
  SAFE_FREE ();

  /* Delete the original text.  */
  del_range_both (PT, PT_BYTE, XFASTINT (end) + inserted_chars,
                  iend + decoded_length, 1);

  /* If point was outside of the region, restore it exactly; else just
     move to the beginning of the region.  */
  if (old_pos >= XFASTINT (end))
    old_pos += inserted_chars - (XFASTINT (end) - XFASTINT (beg));
  else if (old_pos > XFASTINT (beg))
    old_pos = XFASTINT (beg);
  SET_PT (old_pos > ZV ? ZV : old_pos);

  return make_number (inserted_chars);
}

DEFUN ("base64-decode-string", Fbase64_decode_string, Sbase64_decode_string,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Base64-decode STRING and return the result.  */)
  (Lisp_Object string)
{
  char *decoded;
  EMACS_INT length, decoded_length;
  Lisp_Object decoded_string;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  CHECK_STRING (string);

  length = SBYTES (string);
  /* We need to allocate enough room for decoding the text. */
  SAFE_ALLOCA (decoded, char *, length);

  /* The decoded result should be unibyte. */
  decoded_length = base64_decode_1 (SSDATA (string), decoded, length,
                                    0, NULL);
  if (decoded_length > length)
    abort ();
  else if (decoded_length >= 0)
    decoded_string = make_unibyte_string (decoded, decoded_length);
  else
    decoded_string = Qnil;

  SAFE_FREE ();
  if (!STRINGP (decoded_string))
    error ("Invalid base64 data");

  return decoded_string;
}

/* Base64-decode the data at FROM of LENGTH bytes into TO.  If
   MULTIBYTE is nonzero, the decoded result should be in multibyte
   form.  If NCHARS_RETRUN is not NULL, store the number of produced
   characters in *NCHARS_RETURN.  */

static EMACS_INT
base64_decode_1 (const char *from, char *to, EMACS_INT length,
                 int multibyte, EMACS_INT *nchars_return)
{
  EMACS_INT i = 0;              /* Used inside READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE */
  char *e = to;
  unsigned char c;
  unsigned long value;
  EMACS_INT nchars = 0;

  while (1)
    {
      /* Process first byte of a quadruplet. */

      READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE (e-to);

      if (!IS_BASE64 (c))
        return -1;
      value = base64_char_to_value[c] << 18;

      /* Process second byte of a quadruplet.  */

      READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE (-1);

      if (!IS_BASE64 (c))
        return -1;
      value |= base64_char_to_value[c] << 12;

      c = (unsigned char) (value >> 16);
      if (multibyte && c >= 128)
        e += BYTE8_STRING (c, e);
      else
        *e++ = c;
      nchars++;

      /* Process third byte of a quadruplet.  */

      READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE (-1);

      if (c == '=')
        {
          READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE (-1);

          if (c != '=')
            return -1;
          continue;
        }

      if (!IS_BASE64 (c))
        return -1;
      value |= base64_char_to_value[c] << 6;

      c = (unsigned char) (0xff & value >> 8);
      if (multibyte && c >= 128)
        e += BYTE8_STRING (c, e);
      else
        *e++ = c;
      nchars++;

      /* Process fourth byte of a quadruplet.  */

      READ_QUADRUPLET_BYTE (-1);

      if (c == '=')
        continue;

      if (!IS_BASE64 (c))
        return -1;
      value |= base64_char_to_value[c];

      c = (unsigned char) (0xff & value);
      if (multibyte && c >= 128)
        e += BYTE8_STRING (c, e);
      else
        *e++ = c;
      nchars++;
    }
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
 *****                                                             *****
 *****                       Hash Tables                           *****
 *****                                                             *****
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Implemented by gerd@gnu.org.  This hash table implementation was
   inspired by CMUCL hash tables.  */

/* Ideas:

   1. For small tables, association lists are probably faster than
   hash tables because they have lower overhead.

   For uses of hash tables where the O(1) behavior of table
   operations is not a requirement, it might therefore be a good idea
   not to hash.  Instead, we could just do a linear search in the
   key_and_value vector of the hash table.  This could be done
   if a `:linear-search t' argument is given to make-hash-table.  */


/* The list of all weak hash tables.  Don't staticpro this one.  */

static struct Lisp_Hash_Table *weak_hash_tables;

/* Various symbols.  */

static Lisp_Object Qhash_table_p, Qkey, Qvalue;
Lisp_Object Qeq, Qeql, Qequal;
Lisp_Object QCtest, QCsize, QCrehash_size, QCrehash_threshold, QCweakness;
static Lisp_Object Qhash_table_test, Qkey_or_value, Qkey_and_value;

/* Function prototypes.  */

static struct Lisp_Hash_Table *check_hash_table (Lisp_Object);
static ptrdiff_t get_key_arg (Lisp_Object, ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object *, char *);
static void maybe_resize_hash_table (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *);
static int sweep_weak_table (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *, int);


\f
/***********************************************************************
                               Utilities
 ***********************************************************************/

/* If OBJ is a Lisp hash table, return a pointer to its struct
   Lisp_Hash_Table.  Otherwise, signal an error.  */

static struct Lisp_Hash_Table *
check_hash_table (Lisp_Object obj)
{
  CHECK_HASH_TABLE (obj);
  return XHASH_TABLE (obj);
}


/* Value is the next integer I >= N, N >= 0 which is "almost" a prime
   number.  A number is "almost" a prime number if it is not divisible
   by any integer in the range 2 .. (NEXT_ALMOST_PRIME_LIMIT - 1).  */

EMACS_INT
next_almost_prime (EMACS_INT n)
{
  verify (NEXT_ALMOST_PRIME_LIMIT == 11);
  for (n |= 1; ; n += 2)
    if (n % 3 != 0 && n % 5 != 0 && n % 7 != 0)
      return n;
}


/* Find KEY in ARGS which has size NARGS.  Don't consider indices for
   which USED[I] is non-zero.  If found at index I in ARGS, set
   USED[I] and USED[I + 1] to 1, and return I + 1.  Otherwise return
   0.  This function is used to extract a keyword/argument pair from
   a DEFUN parameter list.  */

static ptrdiff_t
get_key_arg (Lisp_Object key, ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args, char *used)
{
  ptrdiff_t i;

  for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++)
    if (!used[i - 1] && EQ (args[i - 1], key))
      {
        used[i - 1] = 1;
        used[i] = 1;
        return i;
      }

  return 0;
}


/* Return a Lisp vector which has the same contents as VEC but has
   size NEW_SIZE, NEW_SIZE >= VEC->size.  Entries in the resulting
   vector that are not copied from VEC are set to INIT.  */

Lisp_Object
larger_vector (Lisp_Object vec, EMACS_INT new_size, Lisp_Object init)
{
  struct Lisp_Vector *v;
  EMACS_INT i, old_size;

  xassert (VECTORP (vec));
  old_size = ASIZE (vec);
  xassert (new_size >= old_size);

  v = allocate_vector (new_size);
  memcpy (v->contents, XVECTOR (vec)->contents, old_size * sizeof *v->contents);
  for (i = old_size; i < new_size; ++i)
    v->contents[i] = init;
  XSETVECTOR (vec, v);
  return vec;
}


/***********************************************************************
                         Low-level Functions
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Compare KEY1 which has hash code HASH1 and KEY2 with hash code
   HASH2 in hash table H using `eql'.  Value is non-zero if KEY1 and
   KEY2 are the same.  */

static int
cmpfn_eql (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h,
           Lisp_Object key1, EMACS_UINT hash1,
           Lisp_Object key2, EMACS_UINT hash2)
{
  return (FLOATP (key1)
          && FLOATP (key2)
          && XFLOAT_DATA (key1) == XFLOAT_DATA (key2));
}


/* Compare KEY1 which has hash code HASH1 and KEY2 with hash code
   HASH2 in hash table H using `equal'.  Value is non-zero if KEY1 and
   KEY2 are the same.  */

static int
cmpfn_equal (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h,
             Lisp_Object key1, EMACS_UINT hash1,
             Lisp_Object key2, EMACS_UINT hash2)
{
  return hash1 == hash2 && !NILP (Fequal (key1, key2));
}


/* Compare KEY1 which has hash code HASH1, and KEY2 with hash code
   HASH2 in hash table H using H->user_cmp_function.  Value is non-zero
   if KEY1 and KEY2 are the same.  */

static int
cmpfn_user_defined (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h,
                    Lisp_Object key1, EMACS_UINT hash1,
                    Lisp_Object key2, EMACS_UINT hash2)
{
  if (hash1 == hash2)
    {
      Lisp_Object args[3];

      args[0] = h->user_cmp_function;
      args[1] = key1;
      args[2] = key2;
      return !NILP (Ffuncall (3, args));
    }
  else
    return 0;
}


/* Value is a hash code for KEY for use in hash table H which uses
   `eq' to compare keys.  The hash code returned is guaranteed to fit
   in a Lisp integer.  */

static EMACS_UINT
hashfn_eq (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = XUINT (key) ^ XTYPE (key);
  xassert ((hash & ~INTMASK) == 0);
  return hash;
}


/* Value is a hash code for KEY for use in hash table H which uses
   `eql' to compare keys.  The hash code returned is guaranteed to fit
   in a Lisp integer.  */

static EMACS_UINT
hashfn_eql (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash;
  if (FLOATP (key))
    hash = sxhash (key, 0);
  else
    hash = XUINT (key) ^ XTYPE (key);
  xassert ((hash & ~INTMASK) == 0);
  return hash;
}


/* Value is a hash code for KEY for use in hash table H which uses
   `equal' to compare keys.  The hash code returned is guaranteed to fit
   in a Lisp integer.  */

static EMACS_UINT
hashfn_equal (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = sxhash (key, 0);
  xassert ((hash & ~INTMASK) == 0);
  return hash;
}


/* Value is a hash code for KEY for use in hash table H which uses as
   user-defined function to compare keys.  The hash code returned is
   guaranteed to fit in a Lisp integer.  */

static EMACS_UINT
hashfn_user_defined (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key)
{
  Lisp_Object args[2], hash;

  args[0] = h->user_hash_function;
  args[1] = key;
  hash = Ffuncall (2, args);
  if (!INTEGERP (hash))
    signal_error ("Invalid hash code returned from user-supplied hash function", hash);
  return XUINT (hash);
}


/* Create and initialize a new hash table.

   TEST specifies the test the hash table will use to compare keys.
   It must be either one of the predefined tests `eq', `eql' or
   `equal' or a symbol denoting a user-defined test named TEST with
   test and hash functions USER_TEST and USER_HASH.

   Give the table initial capacity SIZE, SIZE >= 0, an integer.

   If REHASH_SIZE is an integer, it must be > 0, and this hash table's
   new size when it becomes full is computed by adding REHASH_SIZE to
   its old size.  If REHASH_SIZE is a float, it must be > 1.0, and the
   table's new size is computed by multiplying its old size with
   REHASH_SIZE.

   REHASH_THRESHOLD must be a float <= 1.0, and > 0.  The table will
   be resized when the ratio of (number of entries in the table) /
   (table size) is >= REHASH_THRESHOLD.

   WEAK specifies the weakness of the table.  If non-nil, it must be
   one of the symbols `key', `value', `key-or-value', or `key-and-value'.  */

Lisp_Object
make_hash_table (Lisp_Object test, Lisp_Object size, Lisp_Object rehash_size,
                 Lisp_Object rehash_threshold, Lisp_Object weak,
                 Lisp_Object user_test, Lisp_Object user_hash)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h;
  Lisp_Object table;
  EMACS_INT index_size, i, sz;
  double index_float;

  /* Preconditions.  */
  xassert (SYMBOLP (test));
  xassert (INTEGERP (size) && XINT (size) >= 0);
  xassert ((INTEGERP (rehash_size) && XINT (rehash_size) > 0)
           || (FLOATP (rehash_size) && 1 < XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_size)));
  xassert (FLOATP (rehash_threshold)
           && 0 < XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_threshold)
           && XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_threshold) <= 1.0);

  if (XFASTINT (size) == 0)
    size = make_number (1);

  sz = XFASTINT (size);
  index_float = sz / XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_threshold);
  index_size = (index_float < MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM + 1
                ? next_almost_prime (index_float)
                : MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM + 1);
  if (MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM < max (index_size, 2 * sz))
    error ("Hash table too large");

  /* Allocate a table and initialize it.  */
  h = allocate_hash_table ();

  /* Initialize hash table slots.  */
  h->test = test;
  if (EQ (test, Qeql))
    {
      h->cmpfn = cmpfn_eql;
      h->hashfn = hashfn_eql;
    }
  else if (EQ (test, Qeq))
    {
      h->cmpfn = NULL;
      h->hashfn = hashfn_eq;
    }
  else if (EQ (test, Qequal))
    {
      h->cmpfn = cmpfn_equal;
      h->hashfn = hashfn_equal;
    }
  else
    {
      h->user_cmp_function = user_test;
      h->user_hash_function = user_hash;
      h->cmpfn = cmpfn_user_defined;
      h->hashfn = hashfn_user_defined;
    }

  h->weak = weak;
  h->rehash_threshold = rehash_threshold;
  h->rehash_size = rehash_size;
  h->count = 0;
  h->key_and_value = Fmake_vector (make_number (2 * sz), Qnil);
  h->hash = Fmake_vector (size, Qnil);
  h->next = Fmake_vector (size, Qnil);
  h->index = Fmake_vector (make_number (index_size), Qnil);

  /* Set up the free list.  */
  for (i = 0; i < sz - 1; ++i)
    HASH_NEXT (h, i) = make_number (i + 1);
  h->next_free = make_number (0);

  XSET_HASH_TABLE (table, h);
  xassert (HASH_TABLE_P (table));
  xassert (XHASH_TABLE (table) == h);

  /* Maybe add this hash table to the list of all weak hash tables.  */
  if (NILP (h->weak))
    h->next_weak = NULL;
  else
    {
      h->next_weak = weak_hash_tables;
      weak_hash_tables = h;
    }

  return table;
}


/* Return a copy of hash table H1.  Keys and values are not copied,
   only the table itself is.  */

static Lisp_Object
copy_hash_table (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h1)
{
  Lisp_Object table;
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h2;
  struct Lisp_Vector *next;

  h2 = allocate_hash_table ();
  next = h2->header.next.vector;
  memcpy (h2, h1, sizeof *h2);
  h2->header.next.vector = next;
  h2->key_and_value = Fcopy_sequence (h1->key_and_value);
  h2->hash = Fcopy_sequence (h1->hash);
  h2->next = Fcopy_sequence (h1->next);
  h2->index = Fcopy_sequence (h1->index);
  XSET_HASH_TABLE (table, h2);

  /* Maybe add this hash table to the list of all weak hash tables.  */
  if (!NILP (h2->weak))
    {
      h2->next_weak = weak_hash_tables;
      weak_hash_tables = h2;
    }

  return table;
}


/* Resize hash table H if it's too full.  If H cannot be resized
   because it's already too large, throw an error.  */

static inline void
maybe_resize_hash_table (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h)
{
  if (NILP (h->next_free))
    {
      EMACS_INT old_size = HASH_TABLE_SIZE (h);
      EMACS_INT i, new_size, index_size;
      EMACS_INT nsize;
      double index_float;

      if (INTEGERP (h->rehash_size))
        new_size = old_size + XFASTINT (h->rehash_size);
      else
        {
          double float_new_size = old_size * XFLOAT_DATA (h->rehash_size);
          if (float_new_size < MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM + 1)
            {
              new_size = float_new_size;
              if (new_size <= old_size)
                new_size = old_size + 1;
            }
          else
            new_size = MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM + 1;
        }
      index_float = new_size / XFLOAT_DATA (h->rehash_threshold);
      index_size = (index_float < MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM + 1
                    ? next_almost_prime (index_float)
                    : MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM + 1);
      nsize = max (index_size, 2 * new_size);
      if (nsize > MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM)
        error ("Hash table too large to resize");

      h->key_and_value = larger_vector (h->key_and_value, 2 * new_size, Qnil);
      h->next = larger_vector (h->next, new_size, Qnil);
      h->hash = larger_vector (h->hash, new_size, Qnil);
      h->index = Fmake_vector (make_number (index_size), Qnil);

      /* Update the free list.  Do it so that new entries are added at
         the end of the free list.  This makes some operations like
         maphash faster.  */
      for (i = old_size; i < new_size - 1; ++i)
        HASH_NEXT (h, i) = make_number (i + 1);

      if (!NILP (h->next_free))
        {
          Lisp_Object last, next;

          last = h->next_free;
          while (next = HASH_NEXT (h, XFASTINT (last)),
                 !NILP (next))
            last = next;

          HASH_NEXT (h, XFASTINT (last)) = make_number (old_size);
        }
      else
        XSETFASTINT (h->next_free, old_size);

      /* Rehash.  */
      for (i = 0; i < old_size; ++i)
        if (!NILP (HASH_HASH (h, i)))
          {
            EMACS_UINT hash_code = XUINT (HASH_HASH (h, i));
            EMACS_INT start_of_bucket = hash_code % ASIZE (h->index);
            HASH_NEXT (h, i) = HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket);
            HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket) = make_number (i);
          }
    }
}


/* Lookup KEY in hash table H.  If HASH is non-null, return in *HASH
   the hash code of KEY.  Value is the index of the entry in H
   matching KEY, or -1 if not found.  */

ptrdiff_t
hash_lookup (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key, EMACS_UINT *hash)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash_code;
  ptrdiff_t start_of_bucket;
  Lisp_Object idx;

  hash_code = h->hashfn (h, key);
  if (hash)
    *hash = hash_code;

  start_of_bucket = hash_code % ASIZE (h->index);
  idx = HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket);

  /* We need not gcpro idx since it's either an integer or nil.  */
  while (!NILP (idx))
    {
      EMACS_INT i = XFASTINT (idx);
      if (EQ (key, HASH_KEY (h, i))
          || (h->cmpfn
              && h->cmpfn (h, key, hash_code,
                           HASH_KEY (h, i), XUINT (HASH_HASH (h, i)))))
        break;
      idx = HASH_NEXT (h, i);
    }

  return NILP (idx) ? -1 : XFASTINT (idx);
}


/* Put an entry into hash table H that associates KEY with VALUE.
   HASH is a previously computed hash code of KEY.
   Value is the index of the entry in H matching KEY.  */

ptrdiff_t
hash_put (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object value,
          EMACS_UINT hash)
{
  ptrdiff_t start_of_bucket, i;

  xassert ((hash & ~INTMASK) == 0);

  /* Increment count after resizing because resizing may fail.  */
  maybe_resize_hash_table (h);
  h->count++;

  /* Store key/value in the key_and_value vector.  */
  i = XFASTINT (h->next_free);
  h->next_free = HASH_NEXT (h, i);
  HASH_KEY (h, i) = key;
  HASH_VALUE (h, i) = value;

  /* Remember its hash code.  */
  HASH_HASH (h, i) = make_number (hash);

  /* Add new entry to its collision chain.  */
  start_of_bucket = hash % ASIZE (h->index);
  HASH_NEXT (h, i) = HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket);
  HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket) = make_number (i);
  return i;
}


/* Remove the entry matching KEY from hash table H, if there is one.  */

static void
hash_remove_from_table (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, Lisp_Object key)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash_code;
  EMACS_INT start_of_bucket;
  Lisp_Object idx, prev;

  hash_code = h->hashfn (h, key);
  start_of_bucket = hash_code % ASIZE (h->index);
  idx = HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket);
  prev = Qnil;

  /* We need not gcpro idx, prev since they're either integers or nil.  */
  while (!NILP (idx))
    {
      EMACS_INT i = XFASTINT (idx);

      if (EQ (key, HASH_KEY (h, i))
          || (h->cmpfn
              && h->cmpfn (h, key, hash_code,
                           HASH_KEY (h, i), XUINT (HASH_HASH (h, i)))))
        {
          /* Take entry out of collision chain.  */
          if (NILP (prev))
            HASH_INDEX (h, start_of_bucket) = HASH_NEXT (h, i);
          else
            HASH_NEXT (h, XFASTINT (prev)) = HASH_NEXT (h, i);

          /* Clear slots in key_and_value and add the slots to
             the free list.  */
          HASH_KEY (h, i) = HASH_VALUE (h, i) = HASH_HASH (h, i) = Qnil;
          HASH_NEXT (h, i) = h->next_free;
          h->next_free = make_number (i);
          h->count--;
          xassert (h->count >= 0);
          break;
        }
      else
        {
          prev = idx;
          idx = HASH_NEXT (h, i);
        }
    }
}


/* Clear hash table H.  */

static void
hash_clear (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h)
{
  if (h->count > 0)
    {
      EMACS_INT i, size = HASH_TABLE_SIZE (h);

      for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        {
          HASH_NEXT (h, i) = i < size - 1 ? make_number (i + 1) : Qnil;
          HASH_KEY (h, i) = Qnil;
          HASH_VALUE (h, i) = Qnil;
          HASH_HASH (h, i) = Qnil;
        }

      for (i = 0; i < ASIZE (h->index); ++i)
        ASET (h->index, i, Qnil);

      h->next_free = make_number (0);
      h->count = 0;
    }
}


\f
/************************************************************************
                           Weak Hash Tables
 ************************************************************************/

void
init_weak_hash_tables (void)
{
  weak_hash_tables = NULL;
}

/* Sweep weak hash table H.  REMOVE_ENTRIES_P non-zero means remove
   entries from the table that don't survive the current GC.
   REMOVE_ENTRIES_P zero means mark entries that are in use.  Value is
   non-zero if anything was marked.  */

static int
sweep_weak_table (struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, int remove_entries_p)
{
  EMACS_INT bucket, n;
  int marked;

  n = ASIZE (h->index) & ~ARRAY_MARK_FLAG;
  marked = 0;

  for (bucket = 0; bucket < n; ++bucket)
    {
      Lisp_Object idx, next, prev;

      /* Follow collision chain, removing entries that
         don't survive this garbage collection.  */
      prev = Qnil;
      for (idx = HASH_INDEX (h, bucket); !NILP (idx); idx = next)
        {
          EMACS_INT i = XFASTINT (idx);
          int key_known_to_survive_p = survives_gc_p (HASH_KEY (h, i));
          int value_known_to_survive_p = survives_gc_p (HASH_VALUE (h, i));
          int remove_p;

          if (EQ (h->weak, Qkey))
            remove_p = !key_known_to_survive_p;
          else if (EQ (h->weak, Qvalue))
            remove_p = !value_known_to_survive_p;
          else if (EQ (h->weak, Qkey_or_value))
            remove_p = !(key_known_to_survive_p || value_known_to_survive_p);
          else if (EQ (h->weak, Qkey_and_value))
            remove_p = !(key_known_to_survive_p && value_known_to_survive_p);
          else
            abort ();

          next = HASH_NEXT (h, i);

          if (remove_entries_p)
            {
              if (remove_p)
                {
                  /* Take out of collision chain.  */
                  if (NILP (prev))
                    HASH_INDEX (h, bucket) = next;
                  else
                    HASH_NEXT (h, XFASTINT (prev)) = next;

                  /* Add to free list.  */
                  HASH_NEXT (h, i) = h->next_free;
                  h->next_free = idx;

                  /* Clear key, value, and hash.  */
                  HASH_KEY (h, i) = HASH_VALUE (h, i) = Qnil;
                  HASH_HASH (h, i) = Qnil;

                  h->count--;
                }
              else
                {
                  prev = idx;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              if (!remove_p)
                {
                  /* Make sure key and value survive.  */
                  if (!key_known_to_survive_p)
                    {
                      mark_object (HASH_KEY (h, i));
                      marked = 1;
                    }

                  if (!value_known_to_survive_p)
                    {
                      mark_object (HASH_VALUE (h, i));
                      marked = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

  return marked;
}

/* Remove elements from weak hash tables that don't survive the
   current garbage collection.  Remove weak tables that don't survive
   from Vweak_hash_tables.  Called from gc_sweep.  */

void
sweep_weak_hash_tables (void)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h, *used, *next;
  int marked;

  /* Mark all keys and values that are in use.  Keep on marking until
     there is no more change.  This is necessary for cases like
     value-weak table A containing an entry X -> Y, where Y is used in a
     key-weak table B, Z -> Y.  If B comes after A in the list of weak
     tables, X -> Y might be removed from A, although when looking at B
     one finds that it shouldn't.  */
  do
    {
      marked = 0;
      for (h = weak_hash_tables; h; h = h->next_weak)
        {
          if (h->header.size & ARRAY_MARK_FLAG)
            marked |= sweep_weak_table (h, 0);
        }
    }
  while (marked);

  /* Remove tables and entries that aren't used.  */
  for (h = weak_hash_tables, used = NULL; h; h = next)
    {
      next = h->next_weak;

      if (h->header.size & ARRAY_MARK_FLAG)
        {
          /* TABLE is marked as used.  Sweep its contents.  */
          if (h->count > 0)
            sweep_weak_table (h, 1);

          /* Add table to the list of used weak hash tables.  */
          h->next_weak = used;
          used = h;
        }
    }

  weak_hash_tables = used;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                        Hash Code Computation
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Maximum depth up to which to dive into Lisp structures.  */

#define SXHASH_MAX_DEPTH 3

/* Maximum length up to which to take list and vector elements into
   account.  */

#define SXHASH_MAX_LEN   7

/* Combine two integers X and Y for hashing.  The result might not fit
   into a Lisp integer.  */

#define SXHASH_COMBINE(X, Y)                                            \
  ((((EMACS_UINT) (X) << 4) + ((EMACS_UINT) (X) >> (BITS_PER_EMACS_INT - 4))) \
   + (EMACS_UINT) (Y))

/* Hash X, returning a value that fits into a Lisp integer.  */
#define SXHASH_REDUCE(X) \
  ((((X) ^ (X) >> (BITS_PER_EMACS_INT - FIXNUM_BITS))) & INTMASK)

/* Return a hash for string PTR which has length LEN.  The hash value
   can be any EMACS_UINT value.  */

EMACS_UINT
hash_string (char const *ptr, ptrdiff_t len)
{
  char const *p = ptr;
  char const *end = p + len;
  unsigned char c;
  EMACS_UINT hash = 0;

  while (p != end)
    {
      c = *p++;
      hash = SXHASH_COMBINE (hash, c);
    }

  return hash;
}

/* Return a hash for string PTR which has length LEN.  The hash
   code returned is guaranteed to fit in a Lisp integer.  */

static EMACS_UINT
sxhash_string (char const *ptr, ptrdiff_t len)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = hash_string (ptr, len);
  return SXHASH_REDUCE (hash);
}

/* Return a hash for the floating point value VAL.  */

static EMACS_INT
sxhash_float (double val)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = 0;
  enum {
    WORDS_PER_DOUBLE = (sizeof val / sizeof hash
                        + (sizeof val % sizeof hash != 0))
  };
  union {
    double val;
    EMACS_UINT word[WORDS_PER_DOUBLE];
  } u;
  int i;
  u.val = val;
  memset (&u.val + 1, 0, sizeof u - sizeof u.val);
  for (i = 0; i < WORDS_PER_DOUBLE; i++)
    hash = SXHASH_COMBINE (hash, u.word[i]);
  return SXHASH_REDUCE (hash);
}

/* Return a hash for list LIST.  DEPTH is the current depth in the
   list.  We don't recurse deeper than SXHASH_MAX_DEPTH in it.  */

static EMACS_UINT
sxhash_list (Lisp_Object list, int depth)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = 0;
  int i;

  if (depth < SXHASH_MAX_DEPTH)
    for (i = 0;
         CONSP (list) && i < SXHASH_MAX_LEN;
         list = XCDR (list), ++i)
      {
        EMACS_UINT hash2 = sxhash (XCAR (list), depth + 1);
        hash = SXHASH_COMBINE (hash, hash2);
      }

  if (!NILP (list))
    {
      EMACS_UINT hash2 = sxhash (list, depth + 1);
      hash = SXHASH_COMBINE (hash, hash2);
    }

  return SXHASH_REDUCE (hash);
}


/* Return a hash for vector VECTOR.  DEPTH is the current depth in
   the Lisp structure.  */

static EMACS_UINT
sxhash_vector (Lisp_Object vec, int depth)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = ASIZE (vec);
  int i, n;

  n = min (SXHASH_MAX_LEN, ASIZE (vec));
  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
      EMACS_UINT hash2 = sxhash (AREF (vec, i), depth + 1);
      hash = SXHASH_COMBINE (hash, hash2);
    }

  return SXHASH_REDUCE (hash);
}

/* Return a hash for bool-vector VECTOR.  */

static EMACS_UINT
sxhash_bool_vector (Lisp_Object vec)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = XBOOL_VECTOR (vec)->size;
  int i, n;

  n = min (SXHASH_MAX_LEN, XBOOL_VECTOR (vec)->header.size);
  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    hash = SXHASH_COMBINE (hash, XBOOL_VECTOR (vec)->data[i]);

  return SXHASH_REDUCE (hash);
}


/* Return a hash code for OBJ.  DEPTH is the current depth in the Lisp
   structure.  Value is an unsigned integer clipped to INTMASK.  */

EMACS_UINT
sxhash (Lisp_Object obj, int depth)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash;

  if (depth > SXHASH_MAX_DEPTH)
    return 0;

  switch (XTYPE (obj))
    {
    case_Lisp_Int:
      hash = XUINT (obj);
      break;

    case Lisp_Misc:
      hash = XUINT (obj);
      break;

    case Lisp_Symbol:
      obj = SYMBOL_NAME (obj);
      /* Fall through.  */

    case Lisp_String:
      hash = sxhash_string (SSDATA (obj), SBYTES (obj));
      break;

      /* This can be everything from a vector to an overlay.  */
    case Lisp_Vectorlike:
      if (VECTORP (obj))
        /* According to the CL HyperSpec, two arrays are equal only if
           they are `eq', except for strings and bit-vectors.  In
           Emacs, this works differently.  We have to compare element
           by element.  */
        hash = sxhash_vector (obj, depth);
      else if (BOOL_VECTOR_P (obj))
        hash = sxhash_bool_vector (obj);
      else
        /* Others are `equal' if they are `eq', so let's take their
           address as hash.  */
        hash = XUINT (obj);
      break;

    case Lisp_Cons:
      hash = sxhash_list (obj, depth);
      break;

    case Lisp_Float:
      hash = sxhash_float (XFLOAT_DATA (obj));
      break;

    default:
      abort ();
    }

  return hash;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                            Lisp Interface
 ***********************************************************************/


DEFUN ("sxhash", Fsxhash, Ssxhash, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Compute a hash code for OBJ and return it as integer.  */)
  (Lisp_Object obj)
{
  EMACS_UINT hash = sxhash (obj, 0);
  return make_number (hash);
}


DEFUN ("make-hash-table", Fmake_hash_table, Smake_hash_table, 0, MANY, 0,
       doc: /* Create and return a new hash table.

Arguments are specified as keyword/argument pairs.  The following
arguments are defined:

:test TEST -- TEST must be a symbol that specifies how to compare
keys.  Default is `eql'.  Predefined are the tests `eq', `eql', and
`equal'.  User-supplied test and hash functions can be specified via
`define-hash-table-test'.

:size SIZE -- A hint as to how many elements will be put in the table.
Default is 65.

:rehash-size REHASH-SIZE - Indicates how to expand the table when it
fills up.  If REHASH-SIZE is an integer, increase the size by that
amount.  If it is a float, it must be > 1.0, and the new size is the
old size multiplied by that factor.  Default is 1.5.

:rehash-threshold THRESHOLD -- THRESHOLD must a float > 0, and <= 1.0.
Resize the hash table when the ratio (number of entries / table size)
is greater than or equal to THRESHOLD.  Default is 0.8.

:weakness WEAK -- WEAK must be one of nil, t, `key', `value',
`key-or-value', or `key-and-value'.  If WEAK is not nil, the table
returned is a weak table.  Key/value pairs are removed from a weak
hash table when there are no non-weak references pointing to their
key, value, one of key or value, or both key and value, depending on
WEAK.  WEAK t is equivalent to `key-and-value'.  Default value of WEAK
is nil.

usage: (make-hash-table &rest KEYWORD-ARGS)  */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  Lisp_Object test, size, rehash_size, rehash_threshold, weak;
  Lisp_Object user_test, user_hash;
  char *used;
  ptrdiff_t i;

  /* The vector `used' is used to keep track of arguments that
     have been consumed.  */
  used = (char *) alloca (nargs * sizeof *used);
  memset (used, 0, nargs * sizeof *used);

  /* See if there's a `:test TEST' among the arguments.  */
  i = get_key_arg (QCtest, nargs, args, used);
  test = i ? args[i] : Qeql;
  if (!EQ (test, Qeq) && !EQ (test, Qeql) && !EQ (test, Qequal))
    {
      /* See if it is a user-defined test.  */
      Lisp_Object prop;

      prop = Fget (test, Qhash_table_test);
      if (!CONSP (prop) || !CONSP (XCDR (prop)))
        signal_error ("Invalid hash table test", test);
      user_test = XCAR (prop);
      user_hash = XCAR (XCDR (prop));
    }
  else
    user_test = user_hash = Qnil;

  /* See if there's a `:size SIZE' argument.  */
  i = get_key_arg (QCsize, nargs, args, used);
  size = i ? args[i] : Qnil;
  if (NILP (size))
    size = make_number (DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE);
  else if (!INTEGERP (size) || XINT (size) < 0)
    signal_error ("Invalid hash table size", size);

  /* Look for `:rehash-size SIZE'.  */
  i = get_key_arg (QCrehash_size, nargs, args, used);
  rehash_size = i ? args[i] : make_float (DEFAULT_REHASH_SIZE);
  if (! ((INTEGERP (rehash_size) && 0 < XINT (rehash_size))
         || (FLOATP (rehash_size) && 1 < XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_size))))
    signal_error ("Invalid hash table rehash size", rehash_size);

  /* Look for `:rehash-threshold THRESHOLD'.  */
  i = get_key_arg (QCrehash_threshold, nargs, args, used);
  rehash_threshold = i ? args[i] : make_float (DEFAULT_REHASH_THRESHOLD);
  if (! (FLOATP (rehash_threshold)
         && 0 < XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_threshold)
         && XFLOAT_DATA (rehash_threshold) <= 1))
    signal_error ("Invalid hash table rehash threshold", rehash_threshold);

  /* Look for `:weakness WEAK'.  */
  i = get_key_arg (QCweakness, nargs, args, used);
  weak = i ? args[i] : Qnil;
  if (EQ (weak, Qt))
    weak = Qkey_and_value;
  if (!NILP (weak)
      && !EQ (weak, Qkey)
      && !EQ (weak, Qvalue)
      && !EQ (weak, Qkey_or_value)
      && !EQ (weak, Qkey_and_value))
    signal_error ("Invalid hash table weakness", weak);

  /* Now, all args should have been used up, or there's a problem.  */
  for (i = 0; i < nargs; ++i)
    if (!used[i])
      signal_error ("Invalid argument list", args[i]);

  return make_hash_table (test, size, rehash_size, rehash_threshold, weak,
                          user_test, user_hash);
}


DEFUN ("copy-hash-table", Fcopy_hash_table, Scopy_hash_table, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return a copy of hash table TABLE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  return copy_hash_table (check_hash_table (table));
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-count", Fhash_table_count, Shash_table_count, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the number of elements in TABLE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  return make_number (check_hash_table (table)->count);
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-rehash-size", Fhash_table_rehash_size,
       Shash_table_rehash_size, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the current rehash size of TABLE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  return check_hash_table (table)->rehash_size;
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-rehash-threshold", Fhash_table_rehash_threshold,
       Shash_table_rehash_threshold, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the current rehash threshold of TABLE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  return check_hash_table (table)->rehash_threshold;
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-size", Fhash_table_size, Shash_table_size, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the size of TABLE.
The size can be used as an argument to `make-hash-table' to create
a hash table than can hold as many elements as TABLE holds
without need for resizing.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h = check_hash_table (table);
  return make_number (HASH_TABLE_SIZE (h));
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-test", Fhash_table_test, Shash_table_test, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the test TABLE uses.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  return check_hash_table (table)->test;
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-weakness", Fhash_table_weakness, Shash_table_weakness,
       1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the weakness of TABLE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  return check_hash_table (table)->weak;
}


DEFUN ("hash-table-p", Fhash_table_p, Shash_table_p, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return t if OBJ is a Lisp hash table object.  */)
  (Lisp_Object obj)
{
  return HASH_TABLE_P (obj) ? Qt : Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("clrhash", Fclrhash, Sclrhash, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Clear hash table TABLE and return it.  */)
  (Lisp_Object table)
{
  hash_clear (check_hash_table (table));
  /* Be compatible with XEmacs.  */
  return table;
}


DEFUN ("gethash", Fgethash, Sgethash, 2, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Look up KEY in TABLE and return its associated value.
If KEY is not found, return DFLT which defaults to nil.  */)
  (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object table, Lisp_Object dflt)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h = check_hash_table (table);
  ptrdiff_t i = hash_lookup (h, key, NULL);
  return i >= 0 ? HASH_VALUE (h, i) : dflt;
}


DEFUN ("puthash", Fputhash, Sputhash, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Associate KEY with VALUE in hash table TABLE.
If KEY is already present in table, replace its current value with
VALUE.  In any case, return VALUE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object value, Lisp_Object table)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h = check_hash_table (table);
  ptrdiff_t i;
  EMACS_UINT hash;

  i = hash_lookup (h, key, &hash);
  if (i >= 0)
    HASH_VALUE (h, i) = value;
  else
    hash_put (h, key, value, hash);

  return value;
}


DEFUN ("remhash", Fremhash, Sremhash, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Remove KEY from TABLE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object key, Lisp_Object table)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h = check_hash_table (table);
  hash_remove_from_table (h, key);
  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("maphash", Fmaphash, Smaphash, 2, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Call FUNCTION for all entries in hash table TABLE.
FUNCTION is called with two arguments, KEY and VALUE.  */)
  (Lisp_Object function, Lisp_Object table)
{
  struct Lisp_Hash_Table *h = check_hash_table (table);
  Lisp_Object args[3];
  EMACS_INT i;

  for (i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE (h); ++i)
    if (!NILP (HASH_HASH (h, i)))
      {
        args[0] = function;
        args[1] = HASH_KEY (h, i);
        args[2] = HASH_VALUE (h, i);
        Ffuncall (3, args);
      }

  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("define-hash-table-test", Fdefine_hash_table_test,
       Sdefine_hash_table_test, 3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Define a new hash table test with name NAME, a symbol.

In hash tables created with NAME specified as test, use TEST to
compare keys, and HASH for computing hash codes of keys.

TEST must be a function taking two arguments and returning non-nil if
both arguments are the same.  HASH must be a function taking one
argument and return an integer that is the hash code of the argument.
Hash code computation should use the whole value range of integers,
including negative integers.  */)
  (Lisp_Object name, Lisp_Object test, Lisp_Object hash)
{
  return Fput (name, Qhash_table_test, list2 (test, hash));
}


\f
/************************************************************************
                        MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2
 ************************************************************************/

#include "md5.h"
#include "sha1.h"
#include "sha256.h"
#include "sha512.h"

/* ALGORITHM is a symbol: md5, sha1, sha224 and so on. */

static Lisp_Object
secure_hash (Lisp_Object algorithm, Lisp_Object object, Lisp_Object start, Lisp_Object end, Lisp_Object coding_system, Lisp_Object noerror, Lisp_Object binary)
{
  int i;
  EMACS_INT size;
  EMACS_INT size_byte = 0;
  EMACS_INT start_char = 0, end_char = 0;
  EMACS_INT start_byte = 0, end_byte = 0;
  register EMACS_INT b, e;
  register struct buffer *bp;
  EMACS_INT temp;
  int digest_size;
  void *(*hash_func) (const char *, size_t, void *);
  Lisp_Object digest;

  CHECK_SYMBOL (algorithm);

  if (STRINGP (object))
    {
      if (NILP (coding_system))
        {
          /* Decide the coding-system to encode the data with.  */

          if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (object))
            /* use default, we can't guess correct value */
            coding_system = preferred_coding_system ();
          else
            coding_system = Qraw_text;
        }

      if (NILP (Fcoding_system_p (coding_system)))
        {
          /* Invalid coding system.  */

          if (!NILP (noerror))
            coding_system = Qraw_text;
          else
            xsignal1 (Qcoding_system_error, coding_system);
        }

      if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (object))
        object = code_convert_string (object, coding_system, Qnil, 1, 0, 1);

      size = SCHARS (object);
      size_byte = SBYTES (object);

      if (!NILP (start))
        {
          CHECK_NUMBER (start);

          start_char = XINT (start);

          if (start_char < 0)
            start_char += size;

          start_byte = string_char_to_byte (object, start_char);
        }

      if (NILP (end))
        {
          end_char = size;
          end_byte = size_byte;
        }
      else
        {
          CHECK_NUMBER (end);

          end_char = XINT (end);

          if (end_char < 0)
            end_char += size;

          end_byte = string_char_to_byte (object, end_char);
        }

      if (!(0 <= start_char && start_char <= end_char && end_char <= size))
        args_out_of_range_3 (object, make_number (start_char),
                             make_number (end_char));
    }
  else
    {
      struct buffer *prev = current_buffer;

      record_unwind_protect (Fset_buffer, Fcurrent_buffer ());

      CHECK_BUFFER (object);

      bp = XBUFFER (object);
      if (bp != current_buffer)
        set_buffer_internal (bp);

      if (NILP (start))
        b = BEGV;
      else
        {
          CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (start);
          b = XINT (start);
        }

      if (NILP (end))
        e = ZV;
      else
        {
          CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (end);
          e = XINT (end);
        }

      if (b > e)
        temp = b, b = e, e = temp;

      if (!(BEGV <= b && e <= ZV))
        args_out_of_range (start, end);

      if (NILP (coding_system))
        {
          /* Decide the coding-system to encode the data with.
             See fileio.c:Fwrite-region */

          if (!NILP (Vcoding_system_for_write))
            coding_system = Vcoding_system_for_write;
          else
            {
              int force_raw_text = 0;

              coding_system = BVAR (XBUFFER (object), buffer_file_coding_system);
              if (NILP (coding_system)
                  || NILP (Flocal_variable_p (Qbuffer_file_coding_system, Qnil)))
                {
                  coding_system = Qnil;
                  if (NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
                    force_raw_text = 1;
                }

              if (NILP (coding_system) && !NILP (Fbuffer_file_name (object)))
                {
                  /* Check file-coding-system-alist.  */
                  Lisp_Object args[4], val;

                  args[0] = Qwrite_region; args[1] = start; args[2] = end;
                  args[3] = Fbuffer_file_name (object);
                  val = Ffind_operation_coding_system (4, args);
                  if (CONSP (val) && !NILP (XCDR (val)))
                    coding_system = XCDR (val);
                }

              if (NILP (coding_system)
                  && !NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (object), buffer_file_coding_system)))
                {
                  /* If we still have not decided a coding system, use the
                     default value of buffer-file-coding-system.  */
                  coding_system = BVAR (XBUFFER (object), buffer_file_coding_system);
                }

              if (!force_raw_text
                  && !NILP (Ffboundp (Vselect_safe_coding_system_function)))
                /* Confirm that VAL can surely encode the current region.  */
                coding_system = call4 (Vselect_safe_coding_system_function,
                                       make_number (b), make_number (e),
                                       coding_system, Qnil);

              if (force_raw_text)
                coding_system = Qraw_text;
            }

          if (NILP (Fcoding_system_p (coding_system)))
            {
              /* Invalid coding system.  */

              if (!NILP (noerror))
                coding_system = Qraw_text;
              else
                xsignal1 (Qcoding_system_error, coding_system);
            }
        }

      object = make_buffer_string (b, e, 0);
      if (prev != current_buffer)
        set_buffer_internal (prev);
      /* Discard the unwind protect for recovering the current
         buffer.  */
      specpdl_ptr--;

      if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (object))
        object = code_convert_string (object, coding_system, Qnil, 1, 0, 0);
    }

  if (EQ (algorithm, Qmd5))
    {
      digest_size = MD5_DIGEST_SIZE;
      hash_func   = md5_buffer;
    }
  else if (EQ (algorithm, Qsha1))
    {
      digest_size = SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE;
      hash_func   = sha1_buffer;
    }
  else if (EQ (algorithm, Qsha224))
    {
      digest_size = SHA224_DIGEST_SIZE;
      hash_func   = sha224_buffer;
    }
  else if (EQ (algorithm, Qsha256))
    {
      digest_size = SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE;
      hash_func   = sha256_buffer;
    }
  else if (EQ (algorithm, Qsha384))
    {
      digest_size = SHA384_DIGEST_SIZE;
      hash_func   = sha384_buffer;
    }
  else if (EQ (algorithm, Qsha512))
    {
      digest_size = SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE;
      hash_func   = sha512_buffer;
    }
  else
    error ("Invalid algorithm arg: %s", SDATA (Fsymbol_name (algorithm)));

  /* allocate 2 x digest_size so that it can be re-used to hold the
     hexified value */
  digest = make_uninit_string (digest_size * 2);

  hash_func (SSDATA (object) + start_byte,
             SBYTES (object) - (size_byte - end_byte),
             SSDATA (digest));

  if (NILP (binary))
    {
      unsigned char *p = SDATA (digest);
      for (i = digest_size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
          static char const hexdigit[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
          int p_i = p[i];
          p[2 * i] = hexdigit[p_i >> 4];
          p[2 * i + 1] = hexdigit[p_i & 0xf];
        }
      return digest;
    }
  else
    return make_unibyte_string (SSDATA (digest), digest_size);
}

DEFUN ("md5", Fmd5, Smd5, 1, 5, 0,
       doc: /* Return MD5 message digest of OBJECT, a buffer or string.

A message digest is a cryptographic checksum of a document, and the
algorithm to calculate it is defined in RFC 1321.

The two optional arguments START and END are character positions
specifying for which part of OBJECT the message digest should be
computed.  If nil or omitted, the digest is computed for the whole
OBJECT.

The MD5 message digest is computed from the result of encoding the
text in a coding system, not directly from the internal Emacs form of
the text.  The optional fourth argument CODING-SYSTEM specifies which
coding system to encode the text with.  It should be the same coding
system that you used or will use when actually writing the text into a
file.

If CODING-SYSTEM is nil or omitted, the default depends on OBJECT.  If
OBJECT is a buffer, the default for CODING-SYSTEM is whatever coding
system would be chosen by default for writing this text into a file.

If OBJECT is a string, the most preferred coding system (see the
command `prefer-coding-system') is used.

If NOERROR is non-nil, silently assume the `raw-text' coding if the
guesswork fails.  Normally, an error is signaled in such case.  */)
  (Lisp_Object object, Lisp_Object start, Lisp_Object end, Lisp_Object coding_system, Lisp_Object noerror)
{
  return secure_hash (Qmd5, object, start, end, coding_system, noerror, Qnil);
}

DEFUN ("secure-hash", Fsecure_hash, Ssecure_hash, 2, 5, 0,
       doc: /* Return the secure hash of an OBJECT.
ALGORITHM is a symbol: md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384 or sha512.
OBJECT is either a string or a buffer.
Optional arguments START and END are character positions specifying
which portion of OBJECT for computing the hash.  If BINARY is non-nil,
return a string in binary form.  */)
  (Lisp_Object algorithm, Lisp_Object object, Lisp_Object start, Lisp_Object end, Lisp_Object binary)
{
  return secure_hash (algorithm, object, start, end, Qnil, Qnil, binary);
}
\f
void
syms_of_fns (void)
{
  DEFSYM (Qmd5,    "md5");
  DEFSYM (Qsha1,   "sha1");
  DEFSYM (Qsha224, "sha224");
  DEFSYM (Qsha256, "sha256");
  DEFSYM (Qsha384, "sha384");
  DEFSYM (Qsha512, "sha512");

  /* Hash table stuff.  */
  DEFSYM (Qhash_table_p, "hash-table-p");
  DEFSYM (Qeq, "eq");
  DEFSYM (Qeql, "eql");
  DEFSYM (Qequal, "equal");
  DEFSYM (QCtest, ":test");
  DEFSYM (QCsize, ":size");
  DEFSYM (QCrehash_size, ":rehash-size");
  DEFSYM (QCrehash_threshold, ":rehash-threshold");
  DEFSYM (QCweakness, ":weakness");
  DEFSYM (Qkey, "key");
  DEFSYM (Qvalue, "value");
  DEFSYM (Qhash_table_test, "hash-table-test");
  DEFSYM (Qkey_or_value, "key-or-value");
  DEFSYM (Qkey_and_value, "key-and-value");

  defsubr (&Ssxhash);
  defsubr (&Smake_hash_table);
  defsubr (&Scopy_hash_table);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_count);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_rehash_size);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_rehash_threshold);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_size);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_test);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_weakness);
  defsubr (&Shash_table_p);
  defsubr (&Sclrhash);
  defsubr (&Sgethash);
  defsubr (&Sputhash);
  defsubr (&Sremhash);
  defsubr (&Smaphash);
  defsubr (&Sdefine_hash_table_test);

  DEFSYM (Qstring_lessp, "string-lessp");
  DEFSYM (Qprovide, "provide");
  DEFSYM (Qrequire, "require");
  DEFSYM (Qyes_or_no_p_history, "yes-or-no-p-history");
  DEFSYM (Qcursor_in_echo_area, "cursor-in-echo-area");
  DEFSYM (Qwidget_type, "widget-type");

  staticpro (&string_char_byte_cache_string);
  string_char_byte_cache_string = Qnil;

  require_nesting_list = Qnil;
  staticpro (&require_nesting_list);

  Fset (Qyes_or_no_p_history, Qnil);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("features", Vfeatures,
    doc: /* A list of symbols which are the features of the executing Emacs.
Used by `featurep' and `require', and altered by `provide'.  */);
  Vfeatures = Fcons (intern_c_string ("emacs"), Qnil);
  DEFSYM (Qsubfeatures, "subfeatures");

#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
  DEFSYM (Qcodeset, "codeset");
  DEFSYM (Qdays, "days");
  DEFSYM (Qmonths, "months");
  DEFSYM (Qpaper, "paper");
#endif  /* HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET */

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("use-dialog-box", use_dialog_box,
    doc: /* *Non-nil means mouse commands use dialog boxes to ask questions.
This applies to `y-or-n-p' and `yes-or-no-p' questions asked by commands
invoked by mouse clicks and mouse menu items.

On some platforms, file selection dialogs are also enabled if this is
non-nil.  */);
  use_dialog_box = 1;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("use-file-dialog", use_file_dialog,
    doc: /* *Non-nil means mouse commands use a file dialog to ask for files.
This applies to commands from menus and tool bar buttons even when
they are initiated from the keyboard.  If `use-dialog-box' is nil,
that disables the use of a file dialog, regardless of the value of
this variable.  */);
  use_file_dialog = 1;

  defsubr (&Sidentity);
  defsubr (&Srandom);
  defsubr (&Slength);
  defsubr (&Ssafe_length);
  defsubr (&Sstring_bytes);
  defsubr (&Sstring_equal);
  defsubr (&Scompare_strings);
  defsubr (&Sstring_lessp);
  defsubr (&Sappend);
  defsubr (&Sconcat);
  defsubr (&Svconcat);
  defsubr (&Scopy_sequence);
  defsubr (&Sstring_make_multibyte);
  defsubr (&Sstring_make_unibyte);
  defsubr (&Sstring_as_multibyte);
  defsubr (&Sstring_as_unibyte);
  defsubr (&Sstring_to_multibyte);
  defsubr (&Sstring_to_unibyte);
  defsubr (&Scopy_alist);
  defsubr (&Ssubstring);
  defsubr (&Ssubstring_no_properties);
  defsubr (&Snthcdr);
  defsubr (&Snth);
  defsubr (&Selt);
  defsubr (&Smember);
  defsubr (&Smemq);
  defsubr (&Smemql);
  defsubr (&Sassq);
  defsubr (&Sassoc);
  defsubr (&Srassq);
  defsubr (&Srassoc);
  defsubr (&Sdelq);
  defsubr (&Sdelete);
  defsubr (&Snreverse);
  defsubr (&Sreverse);
  defsubr (&Ssort);
  defsubr (&Splist_get);
  defsubr (&Sget);
  defsubr (&Splist_put);
  defsubr (&Sput);
  defsubr (&Slax_plist_get);
  defsubr (&Slax_plist_put);
  defsubr (&Seql);
  defsubr (&Sequal);
  defsubr (&Sequal_including_properties);
  defsubr (&Sfillarray);
  defsubr (&Sclear_string);
  defsubr (&Snconc);
  defsubr (&Smapcar);
  defsubr (&Smapc);
  defsubr (&Smapconcat);
  defsubr (&Syes_or_no_p);
  defsubr (&Sload_average);
  defsubr (&Sfeaturep);
  defsubr (&Srequire);
  defsubr (&Sprovide);
  defsubr (&Splist_member);
  defsubr (&Swidget_put);
  defsubr (&Swidget_get);
  defsubr (&Swidget_apply);
  defsubr (&Sbase64_encode_region);
  defsubr (&Sbase64_decode_region);
  defsubr (&Sbase64_encode_string);
  defsubr (&Sbase64_decode_string);
  defsubr (&Smd5);
  defsubr (&Ssecure_hash);
  defsubr (&Slocale_info);
}


void
init_fns (void)
{
}