sbin/dump/main.c

   1 /*-
   2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  15  *    without specific prior written permission.
  16  *
  17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  28  *
  29  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  30  * @(#)main.c   8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
  31  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/dump/main.c,v 1.20.2.9 2003/01/25 18:54:59 dillon Exp $
  32  */
  33
  34 #include <sys/param.h>
  35 #include <sys/stat.h>
  36 #include <sys/time.h>
  37 #include <vfs/ufs/dinode.h>
  38 #include <vfs/ufs/fs.h>
  39
  40 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
  41
  42 #include <ctype.h>
  43 #include <err.h>
  44 #include <fcntl.h>
  45 #include <fstab.h>
  46 #include <signal.h>
  47 #include <stdio.h>
  48 #include <stdlib.h>
  49 #include <string.h>
  50 #include <unistd.h>
  51
  52 #include "dump.h"
  53 #include "pathnames.h"
  54
  55 #ifndef SBOFF
  56 #define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
  57 #endif
  58
  59 int     notify = 0;     /* notify operator flag */
  60 int     blockswritten = 0;      /* number of blocks written on current tape */
  61 int     tapeno = 0;     /* current tape number */
  62 int     density = 0;    /* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
  63 int     ntrec = NTREC;  /* # tape blocks in each tape record */
  64 int     cartridge = 0;  /* Assume non-cartridge tape */
  65 int     dokerberos = 0; /* Use Kerberos authentication */
  66 int     cachesize = 0;  /* block cache size (in bytes) */
  67 long    dev_bsize = 1;  /* recalculated below */
  68 long    blocksperfile;  /* output blocks per file */
  69 const char *host;       /* remote host (if any) */
  70 const char *dumpdates;  /* name of the file containing dump date information*/
  71 const char *temp;       /* name of the file for doing rewrite of dumpdates */
  72
  73 static long     numarg(const char *, long, long);
  74 static void     obsolete(int *, char **[]);
  75 static void     usage(void);
  76
  77 int
  78 main(int argc, char **argv)
  79 {
  80         struct stat sb;
  81         ufs1_ino_t ino;
  82         int dirty;
  83         struct ufs1_dinode *dp;
  84         struct  fstab *dt;
  85         char *map;
  86         int ch;
  87         int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
  88         int just_estimate = 0;
  89         ufs1_ino_t maxino;
  90
  91         spcl.c_date = 0;
  92         time((time_t *)&spcl.c_date);
  93
  94         tsize = 0;      /* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
  95         if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
  96                 tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
  97         dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
  98         temp = _PATH_DTMP;
  99         if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
 100                 quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
 101         level = '0';
 102
 103         if (argc < 2)
 104                 usage();
 105
 106         obsolete(&argc, &argv);
 107 #ifdef KERBEROS
 108 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:kns:ST:uWwD:C:"
 109 #else
 110 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:ns:ST:uWwD:C:"
 111 #endif
 112         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1)
 113 #undef optstring
 114                 switch (ch) {
 115                 /* dump level */
 116                 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
 117                 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
 118                         level = ch;
 119                         break;
 120
 121                 case 'a':               /* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
 122                         unlimited = 1;
 123                         break;
 124
 125                 case 'B':               /* blocks per output file */
 126                         blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
 127                             1L, 0L);
 128                         break;
 129
 130                 case 'b':               /* blocks per tape write */
 131                         ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
 132                             1L, 1000L);
 133                         break;
 134
 135                 case 'c':               /* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
 136                         cartridge = 1;
 137                         break;
 138
 139                 case 'd':               /* density, in bits per inch */
 140                         density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
 141                         if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
 142                                 ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
 143                         break;
 144
 145                 case 'f':               /* output file */
 146                         tape = optarg;
 147                         break;
 148
 149                 case 'D':
 150                         dumpdates = optarg;
 151                         break;
 152
 153                 case 'C':
 154                         cachesize = numarg("cachesize", 0, 0) * 1024 * 1024;
 155                         break;
 156
 157                 case 'h':
 158                         honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
 159                         break;
 160
 161 #ifdef KERBEROS
 162                 case 'k':
 163                         dokerberos = 1;
 164                         break;
 165 #endif
 166
 167                 case 'n':               /* notify operators */
 168                         notify = 1;
 169                         break;
 170
 171                 case 's':               /* tape size, feet */
 172                         tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
 173                         break;
 174
 175                 case 'S':               /* exit after estimating # of tapes */
 176                         just_estimate = 1;
 177                         break;
 178
 179                 case 'T':               /* time of last dump */
 180                         spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
 181                         if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
 182                                 fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n", optarg);
 183                                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 184                         }
 185                         Tflag = 1;
 186                         lastlevel = '?';
 187                         break;
 188
 189                 case 'u':               /* update /etc/dumpdates */
 190                         uflag = 1;
 191                         break;
 192
 193                 case 'W':               /* what to do */
 194                 case 'w':
 195                         lastdump(ch);
 196                         exit(X_FINOK);  /* do nothing else */
 197
 198                 default:
 199                         usage();
 200                 }
 201         argc -= optind;
 202         argv += optind;
 203
 204         if (argc < 1) {
 205                 fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
 206                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 207         }
 208         disk = *argv++;
 209         argc--;
 210         if (argc >= 1) {
 211                 fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
 212                 while (argc--)
 213                         fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
 214                 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 215                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 216         }
 217         if (Tflag && uflag) {
 218                 fprintf(stderr, "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
 219                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 220         }
 221         if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
 222                 pipeout++;
 223                 tape = "standard output";
 224         }
 225
 226         if (blocksperfile)
 227                 blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
 228         else if (!unlimited) {
 229                 /*
 230                  * Determine how to default tape size and density
 231                  *
 232                  *              density                         tape size
 233                  * 9-track      1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")        2300 ft.
 234                  * 9-track      6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")        2300 ft.
 235                  * cartridge    8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")        1700 ft.
 236                  *                                              (450*4 - slop)
 237                  * hilit19 hits again: "
 238                  */
 239                 if (density == 0)
 240                         density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
 241                 if (tsize == 0)
 242                         tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
 243         }
 244
 245         if (strchr(tape, ':')) {
 246                 char *ehost;
 247                 if ((host = strdup(tape)) == NULL)
 248                         err(1, "strdup failed");
 249                 ehost = strchr(host, ':');
 250                 *ehost++ = '\0';
 251                 tape = ehost;
 252 #ifdef RDUMP
 253                 if (strchr(tape, '\n')) {
 254                     fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
 255                     exit(X_STARTUP);
 256                 }
 257                 if (rmthost(host) == 0)
 258                         exit(X_STARTUP);
 259 #else
 260                 fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
 261                 exit(X_STARTUP);
 262 #endif
 263         }
 264         setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
 265
 266         if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 267                 signal(SIGHUP, sig);
 268         if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 269                 signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
 270         if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 271                 signal(SIGFPE, sig);
 272         if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 273                 signal(SIGBUS, sig);
 274         if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 275                 signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
 276         if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
 277                 signal(SIGTERM, sig);
 278         if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
 279                 signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
 280
 281         dump_getfstab();                /* /etc/fstab snarfed */
 282         /*
 283          *      disk can be either the full special file name,
 284          *      the suffix of the special file name,
 285          *      the special name missing the leading '/',
 286          *      the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
 287          */
 288         dt = fstabsearch(disk);
 289         if (dt != NULL) {
 290                 disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
 291                 strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
 292                 strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
 293         } else {
 294                 strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
 295                 strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system", NAMELEN);
 296         }
 297         spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
 298         spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
 299         strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
 300         gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
 301         spcl.c_level = level - '0';
 302         spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
 303         if (!Tflag)
 304                 getdumptime();          /* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
 305
 306         msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
 307                 spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime((const time_t *)&spcl.c_date));
 308         msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
 309                 spcl.c_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime((const time_t *)&spcl.c_ddate));
 310         msg("Dumping %s ", disk);
 311         if (dt != NULL)
 312                 msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
 313         if (host)
 314                 msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
 315         else
 316                 msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
 317
 318         if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
 319                 err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk);
 320         if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
 321                 err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk);
 322         if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
 323                 errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", disk);
 324         sync();
 325         sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
 326         bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
 327         if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
 328                 quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
 329         dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
 330         dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
 331         if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
 332                 quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
 333         tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
 334         if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
 335                 quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
 336 #ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
 337         if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
 338                 spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
 339 #endif
 340         maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
 341         mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
 342         usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
 343         dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
 344         dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
 345         tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
 346
 347         nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
 348
 349         passno = 1;
 350         setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk);
 351         msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
 352         anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
 353
 354         passno = 2;
 355         setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk);
 356         msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
 357         while (anydirskipped) {
 358                 anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
 359         }
 360
 361         if (pipeout || unlimited) {
 362                 tapesize += 10; /* 10 trailer blocks */
 363                 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
 364         } else {
 365                 double fetapes;
 366
 367                 if (blocksperfile)
 368                         fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
 369                 else if (cartridge) {
 370                         /* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
 371                            the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
 372                            Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
 373                            for with an artificially low tape size. */
 374                         fetapes =
 375                         (         (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 376                                 * TP_BSIZE      /* bytes/block */
 377                                 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */
 378                           +
 379                                   (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 380                                 * (1.0/ntrec)   /* streaming-stops per block */
 381                                 * 15.48         /* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
 382                         ) * (1.0 / tsize );     /* tape / 0.1" " */
 383                 } else {
 384                         /* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
 385                            tape */
 386                         int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
 387                         fetapes =
 388                         (         (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 389                                 * TP_BSIZE      /* bytes / block */
 390                                 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */
 391                           +
 392                                   (double) tapesize     /* blocks */
 393                                 * (1.0/ntrec)   /* IRG's / block */
 394                                 * tenthsperirg  /* 0.1" / IRG " */
 395                         ) * (1.0 / tsize );     /* tape / 0.1" " */
 396                 }
 397                 etapes = fetapes;               /* truncating assignment */
 398                 etapes++;
 399                 /* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
 400                 tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
 401                         (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
 402                 tapesize += etapes + 10;        /* headers + 10 trailer blks */
 403                 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
 404                     tapesize, fetapes);
 405         }
 406
 407         /*
 408          * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
 409          * tapes, exit now.
 410          */
 411         if (just_estimate)
 412                 exit(0);
 413
 414         /*
 415          * Allocate tape buffer.
 416          */
 417         if (!alloctape())
 418                 quit(
 419         "can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
 420
 421         startnewtape(1);
 422         time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
 423         dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
 424
 425         passno = 3;
 426         setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk);
 427         msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
 428         dirty = 0;              /* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
 429         for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
 430                 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)    /* map is offset by 1 */
 431                         dirty = *map++;
 432                 else
 433                         dirty >>= 1;
 434                 if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
 435                         continue;
 436                 /*
 437                  * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
 438                  */
 439                 dp = getino(ino);
 440                 if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
 441                         continue;
 442                 dumpino(dp, ino);
 443         }
 444
 445         passno = 4;
 446         setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk);
 447         msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
 448         for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
 449                 int mode;
 450
 451                 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)    /* map is offset by 1 */
 452                         dirty = *map++;
 453                 else
 454                         dirty >>= 1;
 455                 if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
 456                         continue;
 457                 /*
 458                  * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
 459                  */
 460                 dp = getino(ino);
 461                 mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
 462                 if (mode == IFDIR)
 463                         continue;
 464                 dumpino(dp, ino);
 465         }
 466
 467         time(&tend_writing);
 468         spcl.c_type = TS_END;
 469         for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
 470                 writeheader(maxino - 1);
 471         if (pipeout)
 472                 msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks\n", (long)spcl.c_tapea);
 473         else
 474                 msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
 475                     (long)spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume,
 476                     (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s");
 477
 478         /* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
 479         if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
 480                 msg("finished in less than a second\n");
 481         else
 482                 msg("finished in %ld seconds, throughput %ld KBytes/sec\n",
 483                     (long)(tend_writing - tstart_writing),
 484                     spcl.c_tapea / (tend_writing - tstart_writing));
 485
 486         putdumptime();
 487         trewind();
 488         broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
 489         msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
 490         Exit(X_FINOK);
 491         /* NOTREACHED */
 492 }
 493
 494 static void
 495 usage(void)
 496 {
 497         fprintf(stderr,
 498                 "usage: dump [-0123456789ac"
 499 #ifdef KERBEROS
 500                 "k"
 501 #endif
 502                 "nSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-D dumpdates]\n"
 503                 "            [-d density] [-f file ] [-h level] [-s feet]\n"
 504                 "            [-T date] [-C cachesizeMB] filesystem\n"
 505                 "       dump [-W | -w]\n");
 506         exit(X_STARTUP);
 507 }
 508
 509 /*
 510  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
 511  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
 512  */
 513 static long
 514 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
 515 {
 516         char *p;
 517         long val;
 518
 519         val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
 520         if (*p)
 521                 errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
 522         if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
 523                 errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
 524         return (val);
 525 }
 526
 527 void
 528 sig(int signo)
 529 {
 530         switch(signo) {
 531         case SIGALRM:
 532         case SIGBUS:
 533         case SIGFPE:
 534         case SIGHUP:
 535         case SIGTERM:
 536         case SIGTRAP:
 537                 if (pipeout)
 538                         quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
 539                 msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
 540                 fflush(stderr);
 541                 fflush(stdout);
 542                 close_rewind();
 543                 exit(X_REWRITE);
 544                 /* NOTREACHED */
 545         case SIGSEGV:
 546                 msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
 547                 signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
 548                 kill(0, SIGSEGV);
 549                 /* NOTREACHED */
 550         }
 551 }
 552
 553 char *
 554 rawname(char *cp)
 555 {
 556         static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
 557         char *dp;
 558         struct stat sb;
 559
 560         if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0) {
 561                 /*
 562                  * If the name already refers to a raw device, return
 563                  * it immediately without tampering.
 564                  */
 565                 if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
 566                         return (cp);
 567         }
 568
 569         dp = strrchr(cp, '/');
 570
 571         if (dp == NULL)
 572                 return (NULL);
 573         *dp = '\0';
 574         strncpy(rawbuf, cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1);
 575         rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN-1] = '\0';
 576         *dp = '/';
 577         strncat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
 578         strncat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
 579         return (rawbuf);
 580 }
 581
 582 /*
 583  * obsolete --
 584  *      Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
 585  *      getopt(3) will like.
 586  */
 587 static void
 588 obsolete(int *argcp, char ***argvp)
 589 {
 590         int argc, flags;
 591         char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
 592
 593         /* Setup. */
 594         argv = *argvp;
 595         argc = *argcp;
 596
 597         /* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
 598         ap = argv[1];
 599         if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
 600                 return;
 601
 602         /* Allocate space for new arguments. */
 603         if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
 604             (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
 605                 err(1, NULL);
 606
 607         *nargv++ = *argv;
 608         argv += 2;
 609
 610         for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
 611                 switch (*ap) {
 612                 case 'B':
 613                 case 'b':
 614                 case 'd':
 615                 case 'f':
 616                 case 'D':
 617                 case 'C':
 618                 case 'h':
 619                 case 's':
 620                 case 'T':
 621                         if (*argv == NULL) {
 622                                 warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
 623                                 usage();
 624                         }
 625                         if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
 626                                 err(1, NULL);
 627                         nargv[0][0] = '-';
 628                         nargv[0][1] = *ap;
 629                         strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
 630                         ++argv;
 631                         ++nargv;
 632                         break;
 633                 default:
 634                         if (!flags) {
 635                                 *p++ = '-';
 636                                 flags = 1;
 637                         }
 638                         *p++ = *ap;
 639                         break;
 640                 }
 641         }
 642
 643         /* Terminate flags. */
 644         if (flags) {
 645                 *p = '\0';
 646                 *nargv++ = flagsp;
 647         }
 648
 649         /* Copy remaining arguments. */
 650         while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
 651
 652         /* Update argument count. */
 653         *argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
 654 }