libc/nls: Sync with FreeBSD.

[dragonfly.git] / crypto / openssh / sshd.c

/* $OpenBSD: sshd.c,v 1.492 2017/09/12 06:32:07 djm Exp $ */
/*
 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
 * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
 *                    All rights reserved
 * This program is the ssh daemon.  It listens for connections from clients,
 * and performs authentication, executes use commands or shell, and forwards
 * information to/from the application to the user client over an encrypted
 * connection.  This can also handle forwarding of X11, TCP/IP, and
 * authentication agent connections.
 *
 * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
 * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
 * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
 * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
 * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
 *
 * SSH2 implementation:
 * Privilege Separation:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2002 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "includes.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
# include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
# include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#include "openbsd-compat/sys-tree.h"
#include "openbsd-compat/sys-queue.h"
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
#include <paths.h>
#endif
#include <grp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>

#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
#include <openssl/dh.h>
#include <openssl/bn.h>
#include <openssl/rand.h>
#include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SECUREWARE
#include <sys/security.h>
#include <prot.h>
#endif

#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "ssh.h"
#include "ssh2.h"
#include "sshpty.h"
#include "packet.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "misc.h"
#include "match.h"
#include "servconf.h"
#include "uidswap.h"
#include "compat.h"
#include "cipher.h"
#include "digest.h"
#include "key.h"
#include "kex.h"
#include "myproposal.h"
#include "authfile.h"
#include "pathnames.h"
#include "atomicio.h"
#include "canohost.h"
#include "hostfile.h"
#include "auth.h"
#include "authfd.h"
#include "msg.h"
#include "dispatch.h"
#include "channels.h"
#include "session.h"
#include "monitor.h"
#ifdef GSSAPI
#include "ssh-gss.h"
#endif
#include "monitor_wrap.h"
#include "ssh-sandbox.h"
#include "version.h"
#include "ssherr.h"

/* Re-exec fds */
#define REEXEC_DEVCRYPTO_RESERVED_FD    (STDERR_FILENO + 1)
#define REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD          (STDERR_FILENO + 2)
#define REEXEC_CONFIG_PASS_FD           (STDERR_FILENO + 3)
#define REEXEC_MIN_FREE_FD              (STDERR_FILENO + 4)

extern char *__progname;

/* Server configuration options. */
ServerOptions options;

/* Name of the server configuration file. */
char *config_file_name = _PATH_SERVER_CONFIG_FILE;

/*
 * Debug mode flag.  This can be set on the command line.  If debug
 * mode is enabled, extra debugging output will be sent to the system
 * log, the daemon will not go to background, and will exit after processing
 * the first connection.
 */
int debug_flag = 0;

/* Flag indicating that the daemon should only test the configuration and keys. */
int test_flag = 0;

/* Flag indicating that the daemon is being started from inetd. */
int inetd_flag = 0;

/* Flag indicating that sshd should not detach and become a daemon. */
int no_daemon_flag = 0;

/* debug goes to stderr unless inetd_flag is set */
int log_stderr = 0;

/* Saved arguments to main(). */
char **saved_argv;
int saved_argc;

/* re-exec */
int rexeced_flag = 0;
int rexec_flag = 1;
int rexec_argc = 0;
char **rexec_argv;

/*
 * The sockets that the server is listening; this is used in the SIGHUP
 * signal handler.
 */
#define MAX_LISTEN_SOCKS        16
int listen_socks[MAX_LISTEN_SOCKS];
int num_listen_socks = 0;

/*
 * the client's version string, passed by sshd2 in compat mode. if != NULL,
 * sshd will skip the version-number exchange
 */
char *client_version_string = NULL;
char *server_version_string = NULL;

/* Daemon's agent connection */
int auth_sock = -1;
int have_agent = 0;

/*
 * Any really sensitive data in the application is contained in this
 * structure. The idea is that this structure could be locked into memory so
 * that the pages do not get written into swap.  However, there are some
 * problems. The private key contains BIGNUMs, and we do not (in principle)
 * have access to the internals of them, and locking just the structure is
 * not very useful.  Currently, memory locking is not implemented.
 */
struct {
        struct sshkey   **host_keys;            /* all private host keys */
        struct sshkey   **host_pubkeys;         /* all public host keys */
        struct sshkey   **host_certificates;    /* all public host certificates */
        int             have_ssh2_key;
} sensitive_data;

/* This is set to true when a signal is received. */
static volatile sig_atomic_t received_sighup = 0;
static volatile sig_atomic_t received_sigterm = 0;

/* session identifier, used by RSA-auth */
u_char session_id[16];

/* same for ssh2 */
u_char *session_id2 = NULL;
u_int session_id2_len = 0;

/* record remote hostname or ip */
u_int utmp_len = HOST_NAME_MAX+1;

/* options.max_startup sized array of fd ints */
int *startup_pipes = NULL;
int startup_pipe;               /* in child */

/* variables used for privilege separation */
int use_privsep = -1;
struct monitor *pmonitor = NULL;
int privsep_is_preauth = 1;
static int privsep_chroot = 1;

/* global authentication context */
Authctxt *the_authctxt = NULL;

/* sshd_config buffer */
Buffer cfg;

/* message to be displayed after login */
Buffer loginmsg;

/* Unprivileged user */
struct passwd *privsep_pw = NULL;

/* Prototypes for various functions defined later in this file. */
void destroy_sensitive_data(void);
void demote_sensitive_data(void);
static void do_ssh2_kex(void);

/*
 * Close all listening sockets
 */
static void
close_listen_socks(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++)
                close(listen_socks[i]);
        num_listen_socks = -1;
}

static void
close_startup_pipes(void)
{
        int i;

        if (startup_pipes)
                for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
                        if (startup_pipes[i] != -1)
                                close(startup_pipes[i]);
}

/*
 * Signal handler for SIGHUP.  Sshd execs itself when it receives SIGHUP;
 * the effect is to reread the configuration file (and to regenerate
 * the server key).
 */

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
sighup_handler(int sig)
{
        int save_errno = errno;

        received_sighup = 1;
        signal(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
        errno = save_errno;
}

/*
 * Called from the main program after receiving SIGHUP.
 * Restarts the server.
 */
static void
sighup_restart(void)
{
        logit("Received SIGHUP; restarting.");
        if (options.pid_file != NULL)
                unlink(options.pid_file);
        platform_pre_restart();
        close_listen_socks();
        close_startup_pipes();
        alarm(0);  /* alarm timer persists across exec */
        signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN); /* will be restored after exec */
        execv(saved_argv[0], saved_argv);
        logit("RESTART FAILED: av[0]='%.100s', error: %.100s.", saved_argv[0],
            strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
}

/*
 * Generic signal handler for terminating signals in the master daemon.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
sigterm_handler(int sig)
{
        received_sigterm = sig;
}

/*
 * SIGCHLD handler.  This is called whenever a child dies.  This will then
 * reap any zombies left by exited children.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
{
        int save_errno = errno;
        pid_t pid;
        int status;

        while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
            (pid < 0 && errno == EINTR))
                ;

        signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
        errno = save_errno;
}

/*
 * Signal handler for the alarm after the login grace period has expired.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
grace_alarm_handler(int sig)
{
        if (use_privsep && pmonitor != NULL && pmonitor->m_pid > 0)
                kill(pmonitor->m_pid, SIGALRM);

        /*
         * Try to kill any processes that we have spawned, E.g. authorized
         * keys command helpers.
         */
        if (getpgid(0) == getpid()) {
                signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
                kill(0, SIGTERM);
        }

        /* Log error and exit. */
        sigdie("Timeout before authentication for %s port %d",
            ssh_remote_ipaddr(active_state), ssh_remote_port(active_state));
}

static void
sshd_exchange_identification(struct ssh *ssh, int sock_in, int sock_out)
{
        u_int i;
        int remote_major, remote_minor;
        char *s;
        char buf[256];                  /* Must not be larger than remote_version. */
        char remote_version[256];       /* Must be at least as big as buf. */

        xasprintf(&server_version_string, "SSH-%d.%d-%.100s%s%s\r\n",
            PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2, PROTOCOL_MINOR_2, SSH_VERSION,
            *options.version_addendum == '\0' ? "" : " ",
            options.version_addendum);

        /* Send our protocol version identification. */
        if (atomicio(vwrite, sock_out, server_version_string,
            strlen(server_version_string))
            != strlen(server_version_string)) {
                logit("Could not write ident string to %s port %d",
                    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
                cleanup_exit(255);
        }

        /* Read other sides version identification. */
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++) {
                if (atomicio(read, sock_in, &buf[i], 1) != 1) {
                        logit("Did not receive identification string "
                            "from %s port %d",
                            ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
                        cleanup_exit(255);
                }
                if (buf[i] == '\r') {
                        buf[i] = 0;
                        /* Kludge for F-Secure Macintosh < 1.0.2 */
                        if (i == 12 &&
                            strncmp(buf, "SSH-1.5-W1.0", 12) == 0)
                                break;
                        continue;
                }
                if (buf[i] == '\n') {
                        buf[i] = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }
        buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
        client_version_string = xstrdup(buf);

        /*
         * Check that the versions match.  In future this might accept
         * several versions and set appropriate flags to handle them.
         */
        if (sscanf(client_version_string, "SSH-%d.%d-%[^\n]\n",
            &remote_major, &remote_minor, remote_version) != 3) {
                s = "Protocol mismatch.\n";
                (void) atomicio(vwrite, sock_out, s, strlen(s));
                logit("Bad protocol version identification '%.100s' "
                    "from %s port %d", client_version_string,
                    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh));
                close(sock_in);
                close(sock_out);
                cleanup_exit(255);
        }
        debug("Client protocol version %d.%d; client software version %.100s",
            remote_major, remote_minor, remote_version);

        ssh->compat = compat_datafellows(remote_version);

        if ((ssh->compat & SSH_BUG_PROBE) != 0) {
                logit("probed from %s port %d with %s.  Don't panic.",
                    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh),
                    client_version_string);
                cleanup_exit(255);
        }
        if ((ssh->compat & SSH_BUG_SCANNER) != 0) {
                logit("scanned from %s port %d with %s.  Don't panic.",
                    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh),
                    client_version_string);
                cleanup_exit(255);
        }
        if ((ssh->compat & SSH_BUG_RSASIGMD5) != 0) {
                logit("Client version \"%.100s\" uses unsafe RSA signature "
                    "scheme; disabling use of RSA keys", remote_version);
        }
        if ((ssh->compat & SSH_BUG_DERIVEKEY) != 0) {
                fatal("Client version \"%.100s\" uses unsafe key agreement; "
                    "refusing connection", remote_version);
        }

        chop(server_version_string);
        debug("Local version string %.200s", server_version_string);

        if (remote_major != 2 ||
            (remote_major == 1 && remote_minor != 99)) {
                s = "Protocol major versions differ.\n";
                (void) atomicio(vwrite, sock_out, s, strlen(s));
                close(sock_in);
                close(sock_out);
                logit("Protocol major versions differ for %s port %d: "
                    "%.200s vs. %.200s",
                    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh),
                    server_version_string, client_version_string);
                cleanup_exit(255);
        }
}

/* Destroy the host and server keys.  They will no longer be needed. */
void
destroy_sensitive_data(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                if (sensitive_data.host_keys[i]) {
                        key_free(sensitive_data.host_keys[i]);
                        sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = NULL;
                }
                if (sensitive_data.host_certificates[i]) {
                        key_free(sensitive_data.host_certificates[i]);
                        sensitive_data.host_certificates[i] = NULL;
                }
        }
}

/* Demote private to public keys for network child */
void
demote_sensitive_data(void)
{
        struct sshkey *tmp;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                if (sensitive_data.host_keys[i]) {
                        tmp = key_demote(sensitive_data.host_keys[i]);
                        key_free(sensitive_data.host_keys[i]);
                        sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = tmp;
                }
                /* Certs do not need demotion */
        }
}

static void
reseed_prngs(void)
{
        u_int32_t rnd[256];

#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
        RAND_poll();
#endif
        arc4random_stir(); /* noop on recent arc4random() implementations */
        arc4random_buf(rnd, sizeof(rnd)); /* let arc4random notice PID change */

#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
        RAND_seed(rnd, sizeof(rnd));
        /* give libcrypto a chance to notice the PID change */
        if ((RAND_bytes((u_char *)rnd, 1)) != 1)
                fatal("%s: RAND_bytes failed", __func__);
#endif

        explicit_bzero(rnd, sizeof(rnd));
}

static void
privsep_preauth_child(void)
{
        gid_t gidset[1];

        /* Enable challenge-response authentication for privilege separation */
        privsep_challenge_enable();

#ifdef GSSAPI
        /* Cache supported mechanism OIDs for later use */
        if (options.gss_authentication)
                ssh_gssapi_prepare_supported_oids();
#endif

        reseed_prngs();

        /* Demote the private keys to public keys. */
        demote_sensitive_data();

        /* Demote the child */
        if (privsep_chroot) {
                /* Change our root directory */
                if (chroot(_PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR) == -1)
                        fatal("chroot(\"%s\"): %s", _PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR,
                            strerror(errno));
                if (chdir("/") == -1)
                        fatal("chdir(\"/\"): %s", strerror(errno));

                /* Drop our privileges */
                debug3("privsep user:group %u:%u", (u_int)privsep_pw->pw_uid,
                    (u_int)privsep_pw->pw_gid);
                gidset[0] = privsep_pw->pw_gid;
                if (setgroups(1, gidset) < 0)
                        fatal("setgroups: %.100s", strerror(errno));
                permanently_set_uid(privsep_pw);
        }
}

static int
privsep_preauth(Authctxt *authctxt)
{
        int status, r;
        pid_t pid;
        struct ssh_sandbox *box = NULL;

        /* Set up unprivileged child process to deal with network data */
        pmonitor = monitor_init();
        /* Store a pointer to the kex for later rekeying */
        pmonitor->m_pkex = &active_state->kex;

        if (use_privsep == PRIVSEP_ON)
                box = ssh_sandbox_init(pmonitor);
        pid = fork();
        if (pid == -1) {
                fatal("fork of unprivileged child failed");
        } else if (pid != 0) {
                debug2("Network child is on pid %ld", (long)pid);

                pmonitor->m_pid = pid;
                if (have_agent) {
                        r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&auth_sock);
                        if (r != 0) {
                                error("Could not get agent socket: %s",
                                    ssh_err(r));
                                have_agent = 0;
                        }
                }
                if (box != NULL)
                        ssh_sandbox_parent_preauth(box, pid);
                monitor_child_preauth(authctxt, pmonitor);

                /* Wait for the child's exit status */
                while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0) {
                        if (errno == EINTR)
                                continue;
                        pmonitor->m_pid = -1;
                        fatal("%s: waitpid: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
                }
                privsep_is_preauth = 0;
                pmonitor->m_pid = -1;
                if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
                        if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
                                fatal("%s: preauth child exited with status %d",
                                    __func__, WEXITSTATUS(status));
                } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
                        fatal("%s: preauth child terminated by signal %d",
                            __func__, WTERMSIG(status));
                if (box != NULL)
                        ssh_sandbox_parent_finish(box);
                return 1;
        } else {
                /* child */
                close(pmonitor->m_sendfd);
                close(pmonitor->m_log_recvfd);

                /* Arrange for logging to be sent to the monitor */
                set_log_handler(mm_log_handler, pmonitor);

                privsep_preauth_child();
                setproctitle("%s", "[net]");
                if (box != NULL)
                        ssh_sandbox_child(box);

                return 0;
        }
}

static void
privsep_postauth(Authctxt *authctxt)
{
#ifdef DISABLE_FD_PASSING
        if (1) {
#else
        if (authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0) {
#endif
                /* File descriptor passing is broken or root login */
                use_privsep = 0;
                goto skip;
        }

        /* New socket pair */
        monitor_reinit(pmonitor);

        pmonitor->m_pid = fork();
        if (pmonitor->m_pid == -1)
                fatal("fork of unprivileged child failed");
        else if (pmonitor->m_pid != 0) {
                verbose("User child is on pid %ld", (long)pmonitor->m_pid);
                buffer_clear(&loginmsg);
                monitor_clear_keystate(pmonitor);
                monitor_child_postauth(pmonitor);

                /* NEVERREACHED */
                exit(0);
        }

        /* child */

        close(pmonitor->m_sendfd);
        pmonitor->m_sendfd = -1;

        /* Demote the private keys to public keys. */
        demote_sensitive_data();

        reseed_prngs();

        /* Drop privileges */
        do_setusercontext(authctxt->pw);

 skip:
        /* It is safe now to apply the key state */
        monitor_apply_keystate(pmonitor);

        /*
         * Tell the packet layer that authentication was successful, since
         * this information is not part of the key state.
         */
        packet_set_authenticated();
}

static char *
list_hostkey_types(void)
{
        Buffer b;
        const char *p;
        char *ret;
        int i;
        struct sshkey *key;

        buffer_init(&b);
        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                key = sensitive_data.host_keys[i];
                if (key == NULL)
                        key = sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i];
                if (key == NULL)
                        continue;
                /* Check that the key is accepted in HostkeyAlgorithms */
                if (match_pattern_list(sshkey_ssh_name(key),
                    options.hostkeyalgorithms, 0) != 1) {
                        debug3("%s: %s key not permitted by HostkeyAlgorithms",
                            __func__, sshkey_ssh_name(key));
                        continue;
                }
                switch (key->type) {
                case KEY_RSA:
                case KEY_DSA:
                case KEY_ECDSA:
                case KEY_ED25519:
                        if (buffer_len(&b) > 0)
                                buffer_append(&b, ",", 1);
                        p = key_ssh_name(key);
                        buffer_append(&b, p, strlen(p));

                        /* for RSA we also support SHA2 signatures */
                        if (key->type == KEY_RSA) {
                                p = ",rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256";
                                buffer_append(&b, p, strlen(p));
                        }
                        break;
                }
                /* If the private key has a cert peer, then list that too */
                key = sensitive_data.host_certificates[i];
                if (key == NULL)
                        continue;
                switch (key->type) {
                case KEY_RSA_CERT:
                case KEY_DSA_CERT:
                case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
                case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
                        if (buffer_len(&b) > 0)
                                buffer_append(&b, ",", 1);
                        p = key_ssh_name(key);
                        buffer_append(&b, p, strlen(p));
                        break;
                }
        }
        if ((ret = sshbuf_dup_string(&b)) == NULL)
                fatal("%s: sshbuf_dup_string failed", __func__);
        buffer_free(&b);
        debug("list_hostkey_types: %s", ret);
        return ret;
}

static struct sshkey *
get_hostkey_by_type(int type, int nid, int need_private, struct ssh *ssh)
{
        int i;
        struct sshkey *key;

        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                switch (type) {
                case KEY_RSA_CERT:
                case KEY_DSA_CERT:
                case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
                case KEY_ED25519_CERT:
                        key = sensitive_data.host_certificates[i];
                        break;
                default:
                        key = sensitive_data.host_keys[i];
                        if (key == NULL && !need_private)
                                key = sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i];
                        break;
                }
                if (key != NULL && key->type == type &&
                    (key->type != KEY_ECDSA || key->ecdsa_nid == nid))
                        return need_private ?
                            sensitive_data.host_keys[i] : key;
        }
        return NULL;
}

struct sshkey *
get_hostkey_public_by_type(int type, int nid, struct ssh *ssh)
{
        return get_hostkey_by_type(type, nid, 0, ssh);
}

struct sshkey *
get_hostkey_private_by_type(int type, int nid, struct ssh *ssh)
{
        return get_hostkey_by_type(type, nid, 1, ssh);
}

struct sshkey *
get_hostkey_by_index(int ind)
{
        if (ind < 0 || ind >= options.num_host_key_files)
                return (NULL);
        return (sensitive_data.host_keys[ind]);
}

struct sshkey *
get_hostkey_public_by_index(int ind, struct ssh *ssh)
{
        if (ind < 0 || ind >= options.num_host_key_files)
                return (NULL);
        return (sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[ind]);
}

int
get_hostkey_index(struct sshkey *key, int compare, struct ssh *ssh)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                if (key_is_cert(key)) {
                        if (key == sensitive_data.host_certificates[i] ||
                            (compare && sensitive_data.host_certificates[i] &&
                            sshkey_equal(key,
                            sensitive_data.host_certificates[i])))
                                return (i);
                } else {
                        if (key == sensitive_data.host_keys[i] ||
                            (compare && sensitive_data.host_keys[i] &&
                            sshkey_equal(key, sensitive_data.host_keys[i])))
                                return (i);
                        if (key == sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i] ||
                            (compare && sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i] &&
                            sshkey_equal(key, sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i])))
                                return (i);
                }
        }
        return (-1);
}

/* Inform the client of all hostkeys */
static void
notify_hostkeys(struct ssh *ssh)
{
        struct sshbuf *buf;
        struct sshkey *key;
        int i, nkeys, r;
        char *fp;

        /* Some clients cannot cope with the hostkeys message, skip those. */
        if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_HOSTKEYS)
                return;

        if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
                fatal("%s: sshbuf_new", __func__);
        for (i = nkeys = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                key = get_hostkey_public_by_index(i, ssh);
                if (key == NULL || key->type == KEY_UNSPEC ||
                    sshkey_is_cert(key))
                        continue;
                fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash,
                    SSH_FP_DEFAULT);
                debug3("%s: key %d: %s %s", __func__, i,
                    sshkey_ssh_name(key), fp);
                free(fp);
                if (nkeys == 0) {
                        packet_start(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
                        packet_put_cstring("hostkeys-00@openssh.com");
                        packet_put_char(0); /* want-reply */
                }
                sshbuf_reset(buf);
                if ((r = sshkey_putb(key, buf)) != 0)
                        fatal("%s: couldn't put hostkey %d: %s",
                            __func__, i, ssh_err(r));
                packet_put_string(sshbuf_ptr(buf), sshbuf_len(buf));
                nkeys++;
        }
        debug3("%s: sent %d hostkeys", __func__, nkeys);
        if (nkeys == 0)
                fatal("%s: no hostkeys", __func__);
        packet_send();
        sshbuf_free(buf);
}

/*
 * returns 1 if connection should be dropped, 0 otherwise.
 * dropping starts at connection #max_startups_begin with a probability
 * of (max_startups_rate/100). the probability increases linearly until
 * all connections are dropped for startups > max_startups
 */
static int
drop_connection(int startups)
{
        int p, r;

        if (startups < options.max_startups_begin)
                return 0;
        if (startups >= options.max_startups)
                return 1;
        if (options.max_startups_rate == 100)
                return 1;

        p  = 100 - options.max_startups_rate;
        p *= startups - options.max_startups_begin;
        p /= options.max_startups - options.max_startups_begin;
        p += options.max_startups_rate;
        r = arc4random_uniform(100);

        debug("drop_connection: p %d, r %d", p, r);
        return (r < p) ? 1 : 0;
}

static void
usage(void)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, %s\n",
            SSH_RELEASE,
#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
            SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
#else
            "without OpenSSL"
#endif
        );
        fprintf(stderr,
"usage: sshd [-46DdeiqTt] [-C connection_spec] [-c host_cert_file]\n"
"            [-E log_file] [-f config_file] [-g login_grace_time]\n"
"            [-h host_key_file] [-o option] [-p port] [-u len]\n"
        );
        exit(1);
}

static void
send_rexec_state(int fd, struct sshbuf *conf)
{
        struct sshbuf *m;
        int r;

        debug3("%s: entering fd = %d config len %zu", __func__, fd,
            sshbuf_len(conf));

        /*
         * Protocol from reexec master to child:
         *      string  configuration
         *      string rngseed          (only if OpenSSL is not self-seeded)
         */
        if ((m = sshbuf_new()) == NULL)
                fatal("%s: sshbuf_new failed", __func__);
        if ((r = sshbuf_put_stringb(m, conf)) != 0)
                fatal("%s: buffer error: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r));

#if defined(WITH_OPENSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_PRNG_ONLY)
        rexec_send_rng_seed(m);
#endif

        if (ssh_msg_send(fd, 0, m) == -1)
                fatal("%s: ssh_msg_send failed", __func__);

        sshbuf_free(m);

        debug3("%s: done", __func__);
}

static void
recv_rexec_state(int fd, Buffer *conf)
{
        Buffer m;
        char *cp;
        u_int len;

        debug3("%s: entering fd = %d", __func__, fd);

        buffer_init(&m);

        if (ssh_msg_recv(fd, &m) == -1)
                fatal("%s: ssh_msg_recv failed", __func__);
        if (buffer_get_char(&m) != 0)
                fatal("%s: rexec version mismatch", __func__);

        cp = buffer_get_string(&m, &len);
        if (conf != NULL)
                buffer_append(conf, cp, len);
        free(cp);

#if defined(WITH_OPENSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_PRNG_ONLY)
        rexec_recv_rng_seed(&m);
#endif

        buffer_free(&m);

        debug3("%s: done", __func__);
}

/* Accept a connection from inetd */
static void
server_accept_inetd(int *sock_in, int *sock_out)
{
        int fd;

        startup_pipe = -1;
        if (rexeced_flag) {
                close(REEXEC_CONFIG_PASS_FD);
                *sock_in = *sock_out = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
                if (!debug_flag) {
                        startup_pipe = dup(REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD);
                        close(REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD);
                }
        } else {
                *sock_in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
                *sock_out = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
        }
        /*
         * We intentionally do not close the descriptors 0, 1, and 2
         * as our code for setting the descriptors won't work if
         * ttyfd happens to be one of those.
         */
        if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR, 0)) != -1) {
                dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
                dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
                if (!log_stderr)
                        dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
                if (fd > (log_stderr ? STDERR_FILENO : STDOUT_FILENO))
                        close(fd);
        }
        debug("inetd sockets after dupping: %d, %d", *sock_in, *sock_out);
}

/*
 * Listen for TCP connections
 */
static void
server_listen(void)
{
        int ret, listen_sock, on = 1;
        struct addrinfo *ai;
        char ntop[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];

        for (ai = options.listen_addrs; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
                if (ai->ai_family != AF_INET && ai->ai_family != AF_INET6)
                        continue;
                if (num_listen_socks >= MAX_LISTEN_SOCKS)
                        fatal("Too many listen sockets. "
                            "Enlarge MAX_LISTEN_SOCKS");
                if ((ret = getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen,
                    ntop, sizeof(ntop), strport, sizeof(strport),
                    NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV)) != 0) {
                        error("getnameinfo failed: %.100s",
                            ssh_gai_strerror(ret));
                        continue;
                }
                /* Create socket for listening. */
                listen_sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype,
                    ai->ai_protocol);
                if (listen_sock < 0) {
                        /* kernel may not support ipv6 */
                        verbose("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
                        continue;
                }
                if (set_nonblock(listen_sock) == -1) {
                        close(listen_sock);
                        continue;
                }
                if (fcntl(listen_sock, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
                        verbose("socket: CLOEXEC: %s", strerror(errno));
                        close(listen_sock);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * Set socket options.
                 * Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT.
                 */
                if (setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
                    &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
                        error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR: %s", strerror(errno));

                /* Only communicate in IPv6 over AF_INET6 sockets. */
                if (ai->ai_family == AF_INET6)
                        sock_set_v6only(listen_sock);

                debug("Bind to port %s on %s.", strport, ntop);

                /* Bind the socket to the desired port. */
                if (bind(listen_sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
                        error("Bind to port %s on %s failed: %.200s.",
                            strport, ntop, strerror(errno));
                        close(listen_sock);
                        continue;
                }
                listen_socks[num_listen_socks] = listen_sock;
                num_listen_socks++;

                /* Start listening on the port. */
                if (listen(listen_sock, SSH_LISTEN_BACKLOG) < 0)
                        fatal("listen on [%s]:%s: %.100s",
                            ntop, strport, strerror(errno));
                logit("Server listening on %s port %s.", ntop, strport);
        }
        freeaddrinfo(options.listen_addrs);

        if (!num_listen_socks)
                fatal("Cannot bind any address.");
}

/*
 * The main TCP accept loop. Note that, for the non-debug case, returns
 * from this function are in a forked subprocess.
 */
static void
server_accept_loop(int *sock_in, int *sock_out, int *newsock, int *config_s)
{
        fd_set *fdset;
        int i, j, ret, maxfd;
        int startups = 0;
        int startup_p[2] = { -1 , -1 };
        struct sockaddr_storage from;
        socklen_t fromlen;
        pid_t pid;
        u_char rnd[256];

        /* setup fd set for accept */
        fdset = NULL;
        maxfd = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++)
                if (listen_socks[i] > maxfd)
                        maxfd = listen_socks[i];
        /* pipes connected to unauthenticated childs */
        startup_pipes = xcalloc(options.max_startups, sizeof(int));
        for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
                startup_pipes[i] = -1;

        /*
         * Stay listening for connections until the system crashes or
         * the daemon is killed with a signal.
         */
        for (;;) {
                if (received_sighup)
                        sighup_restart();
                free(fdset);
                fdset = xcalloc(howmany(maxfd + 1, NFDBITS),
                    sizeof(fd_mask));

                for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++)
                        FD_SET(listen_socks[i], fdset);
                for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
                        if (startup_pipes[i] != -1)
                                FD_SET(startup_pipes[i], fdset);

                /* Wait in select until there is a connection. */
                ret = select(maxfd+1, fdset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (ret < 0 && errno != EINTR)
                        error("select: %.100s", strerror(errno));
                if (received_sigterm) {
                        logit("Received signal %d; terminating.",
                            (int) received_sigterm);
                        close_listen_socks();
                        if (options.pid_file != NULL)
                                unlink(options.pid_file);
                        exit(received_sigterm == SIGTERM ? 0 : 255);
                }
                if (ret < 0)
                        continue;

                for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
                        if (startup_pipes[i] != -1 &&
                            FD_ISSET(startup_pipes[i], fdset)) {
                                /*
                                 * the read end of the pipe is ready
                                 * if the child has closed the pipe
                                 * after successful authentication
                                 * or if the child has died
                                 */
                                close(startup_pipes[i]);
                                startup_pipes[i] = -1;
                                startups--;
                        }
                for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++) {
                        if (!FD_ISSET(listen_socks[i], fdset))
                                continue;
                        fromlen = sizeof(from);
                        *newsock = accept(listen_socks[i],
                            (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen);
                        if (*newsock < 0) {
                                if (errno != EINTR && errno != EWOULDBLOCK &&
                                    errno != ECONNABORTED && errno != EAGAIN)
                                        error("accept: %.100s",
                                            strerror(errno));
                                if (errno == EMFILE || errno == ENFILE)
                                        usleep(100 * 1000);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (unset_nonblock(*newsock) == -1) {
                                close(*newsock);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (drop_connection(startups) == 1) {
                                char *laddr = get_local_ipaddr(*newsock);
                                char *raddr = get_peer_ipaddr(*newsock);

                                verbose("drop connection #%d from [%s]:%d "
                                    "on [%s]:%d past MaxStartups", startups,
                                    raddr, get_peer_port(*newsock),
                                    laddr, get_local_port(*newsock));
                                free(laddr);
                                free(raddr);
                                close(*newsock);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (pipe(startup_p) == -1) {
                                close(*newsock);
                                continue;
                        }

                        if (rexec_flag && socketpair(AF_UNIX,
                            SOCK_STREAM, 0, config_s) == -1) {
                                error("reexec socketpair: %s",
                                    strerror(errno));
                                close(*newsock);
                                close(startup_p[0]);
                                close(startup_p[1]);
                                continue;
                        }

                        for (j = 0; j < options.max_startups; j++)
                                if (startup_pipes[j] == -1) {
                                        startup_pipes[j] = startup_p[0];
                                        if (maxfd < startup_p[0])
                                                maxfd = startup_p[0];
                                        startups++;
                                        break;
                                }

                        /*
                         * Got connection.  Fork a child to handle it, unless
                         * we are in debugging mode.
                         */
                        if (debug_flag) {
                                /*
                                 * In debugging mode.  Close the listening
                                 * socket, and start processing the
                                 * connection without forking.
                                 */
                                debug("Server will not fork when running in debugging mode.");
                                close_listen_socks();
                                *sock_in = *newsock;
                                *sock_out = *newsock;
                                close(startup_p[0]);
                                close(startup_p[1]);
                                startup_pipe = -1;
                                pid = getpid();
                                if (rexec_flag) {
                                        send_rexec_state(config_s[0],
                                            &cfg);
                                        close(config_s[0]);
                                }
                                break;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Normal production daemon.  Fork, and have
                         * the child process the connection. The
                         * parent continues listening.
                         */
                        platform_pre_fork();
                        if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
                                /*
                                 * Child.  Close the listening and
                                 * max_startup sockets.  Start using
                                 * the accepted socket. Reinitialize
                                 * logging (since our pid has changed).
                                 * We break out of the loop to handle
                                 * the connection.
                                 */
                                platform_post_fork_child();
                                startup_pipe = startup_p[1];
                                close_startup_pipes();
                                close_listen_socks();
                                *sock_in = *newsock;
                                *sock_out = *newsock;
                                log_init(__progname,
                                    options.log_level,
                                    options.log_facility,
                                    log_stderr);
                                if (rexec_flag)
                                        close(config_s[0]);
                                break;
                        }

                        /* Parent.  Stay in the loop. */
                        platform_post_fork_parent(pid);
                        if (pid < 0)
                                error("fork: %.100s", strerror(errno));
                        else
                                debug("Forked child %ld.", (long)pid);

                        close(startup_p[1]);

                        if (rexec_flag) {
                                send_rexec_state(config_s[0], &cfg);
                                close(config_s[0]);
                                close(config_s[1]);
                        }
                        close(*newsock);

                        /*
                         * Ensure that our random state differs
                         * from that of the child
                         */
                        arc4random_stir();
                        arc4random_buf(rnd, sizeof(rnd));
#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
                        RAND_seed(rnd, sizeof(rnd));
                        if ((RAND_bytes((u_char *)rnd, 1)) != 1)
                                fatal("%s: RAND_bytes failed", __func__);
#endif
                        explicit_bzero(rnd, sizeof(rnd));
                }

                /* child process check (or debug mode) */
                if (num_listen_socks < 0)
                        break;
        }
}

/*
 * If IP options are supported, make sure there are none (log and
 * return an error if any are found).  Basically we are worried about
 * source routing; it can be used to pretend you are somebody
 * (ip-address) you are not. That itself may be "almost acceptable"
 * under certain circumstances, but rhosts autentication is useless
 * if source routing is accepted. Notice also that if we just dropped
 * source routing here, the other side could use IP spoofing to do
 * rest of the interaction and could still bypass security.  So we
 * exit here if we detect any IP options.
 */
static void
check_ip_options(struct ssh *ssh)
{
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
        int sock_in = ssh_packet_get_connection_in(ssh);
        struct sockaddr_storage from;
        u_char opts[200];
        socklen_t i, option_size = sizeof(opts), fromlen = sizeof(from);
        char text[sizeof(opts) * 3 + 1];

        memset(&from, 0, sizeof(from));
        if (getpeername(sock_in, (struct sockaddr *)&from,
            &fromlen) < 0)
                return;
        if (from.ss_family != AF_INET)
                return;
        /* XXX IPv6 options? */

        if (getsockopt(sock_in, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, opts,
            &option_size) >= 0 && option_size != 0) {
                text[0] = '\0';
                for (i = 0; i < option_size; i++)
                        snprintf(text + i*3, sizeof(text) - i*3,
                            " %2.2x", opts[i]);
                fatal("Connection from %.100s port %d with IP opts: %.800s",
                    ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh), text);
        }
        return;
#endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
}

/*
 * Main program for the daemon.
 */
int
main(int ac, char **av)
{
        struct ssh *ssh = NULL;
        extern char *optarg;
        extern int optind;
        int r, opt, i, j, on = 1, already_daemon;
        int sock_in = -1, sock_out = -1, newsock = -1;
        const char *remote_ip;
        int remote_port;
        char *fp, *line, *laddr, *logfile = NULL;
        int config_s[2] = { -1 , -1 };
        u_int n;
        u_int64_t ibytes, obytes;
        mode_t new_umask;
        struct sshkey *key;
        struct sshkey *pubkey;
        int keytype;
        Authctxt *authctxt;
        struct connection_info *connection_info = get_connection_info(0, 0);

        ssh_malloc_init();      /* must be called before any mallocs */

#ifdef HAVE_SECUREWARE
        (void)set_auth_parameters(ac, av);
#endif
        __progname = ssh_get_progname(av[0]);

        /* Save argv. Duplicate so setproctitle emulation doesn't clobber it */
        saved_argc = ac;
        rexec_argc = ac;
        saved_argv = xcalloc(ac + 1, sizeof(*saved_argv));
        for (i = 0; i < ac; i++)
                saved_argv[i] = xstrdup(av[i]);
        saved_argv[i] = NULL;

#ifndef HAVE_SETPROCTITLE
        /* Prepare for later setproctitle emulation */
        compat_init_setproctitle(ac, av);
        av = saved_argv;
#endif

        if (geteuid() == 0 && setgroups(0, NULL) == -1)
                debug("setgroups(): %.200s", strerror(errno));

        /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
        sanitise_stdfd();

        /* Initialize configuration options to their default values. */
        initialize_server_options(&options);

        /* Parse command-line arguments. */
        while ((opt = getopt(ac, av,
            "C:E:b:c:f:g:h:k:o:p:u:46DQRTdeiqrt")) != -1) {
                switch (opt) {
                case '4':
                        options.address_family = AF_INET;
                        break;
                case '6':
                        options.address_family = AF_INET6;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        config_file_name = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        if (options.num_host_cert_files >= MAX_HOSTCERTS) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "too many host certificates.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        options.host_cert_files[options.num_host_cert_files++] =
                           derelativise_path(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        if (debug_flag == 0) {
                                debug_flag = 1;
                                options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
                        } else if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
                                options.log_level++;
                        break;
                case 'D':
                        no_daemon_flag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'E':
                        logfile = optarg;
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */
                case 'e':
                        log_stderr = 1;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        inetd_flag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        rexec_flag = 0;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        rexeced_flag = 1;
                        inetd_flag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'Q':
                        /* ignored */
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
                        break;
                case 'b':
                        /* protocol 1, ignored */
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        options.ports_from_cmdline = 1;
                        if (options.num_ports >= MAX_PORTS) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "too many ports.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        options.ports[options.num_ports++] = a2port(optarg);
                        if (options.ports[options.num_ports-1] <= 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "Bad port number.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'g':
                        if ((options.login_grace_time = convtime(optarg)) == -1) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid login grace time.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'k':
                        /* protocol 1, ignored */
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        if (options.num_host_key_files >= MAX_HOSTKEYS) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "too many host keys.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        options.host_key_files[options.num_host_key_files++] = 
                           derelativise_path(optarg);
                        break;
                case 't':
                        test_flag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'T':
                        test_flag = 2;
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        if (parse_server_match_testspec(connection_info,
                            optarg) == -1)
                                exit(1);
                        break;
                case 'u':
                        utmp_len = (u_int)strtonum(optarg, 0, HOST_NAME_MAX+1+1, NULL);
                        if (utmp_len > HOST_NAME_MAX+1) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid utmp length.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        line = xstrdup(optarg);
                        if (process_server_config_line(&options, line,
                            "command-line", 0, NULL, NULL) != 0)
                                exit(1);
                        free(line);
                        break;
                case '?':
                default:
                        usage();
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (rexeced_flag || inetd_flag)
                rexec_flag = 0;
        if (!test_flag && (rexec_flag && (av[0] == NULL || *av[0] != '/')))
                fatal("sshd re-exec requires execution with an absolute path");
        if (rexeced_flag)
                closefrom(REEXEC_MIN_FREE_FD);
        else
                closefrom(REEXEC_DEVCRYPTO_RESERVED_FD);

#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
        OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
#endif

        /* If requested, redirect the logs to the specified logfile. */
        if (logfile != NULL)
                log_redirect_stderr_to(logfile);
        /*
         * Force logging to stderr until we have loaded the private host
         * key (unless started from inetd)
         */
        log_init(__progname,
            options.log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_NOT_SET ?
            SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
            options.log_facility == SYSLOG_FACILITY_NOT_SET ?
            SYSLOG_FACILITY_AUTH : options.log_facility,
            log_stderr || !inetd_flag);

        /*
         * Unset KRB5CCNAME, otherwise the user's session may inherit it from
         * root's environment
         */
        if (getenv("KRB5CCNAME") != NULL)
                (void) unsetenv("KRB5CCNAME");

#ifdef _UNICOS
        /* Cray can define user privs drop all privs now!
         * Not needed on PRIV_SU systems!
         */
        drop_cray_privs();
#endif

        sensitive_data.have_ssh2_key = 0;

        /*
         * If we're doing an extended config test, make sure we have all of
         * the parameters we need.  If we're not doing an extended test,
         * do not silently ignore connection test params.
         */
        if (test_flag >= 2 && server_match_spec_complete(connection_info) == 0)
                fatal("user, host and addr are all required when testing "
                   "Match configs");
        if (test_flag < 2 && server_match_spec_complete(connection_info) >= 0)
                fatal("Config test connection parameter (-C) provided without "
                   "test mode (-T)");

        /* Fetch our configuration */
        buffer_init(&cfg);
        if (rexeced_flag)
                recv_rexec_state(REEXEC_CONFIG_PASS_FD, &cfg);
        else if (strcasecmp(config_file_name, "none") != 0)
                load_server_config(config_file_name, &cfg);

        parse_server_config(&options, rexeced_flag ? "rexec" : config_file_name,
            &cfg, NULL);

        seed_rng();

        /* Fill in default values for those options not explicitly set. */
        fill_default_server_options(&options);

        /* challenge-response is implemented via keyboard interactive */
        if (options.challenge_response_authentication)
                options.kbd_interactive_authentication = 1;

        /* Check that options are sensible */
        if (options.authorized_keys_command_user == NULL &&
            (options.authorized_keys_command != NULL &&
            strcasecmp(options.authorized_keys_command, "none") != 0))
                fatal("AuthorizedKeysCommand set without "
                    "AuthorizedKeysCommandUser");
        if (options.authorized_principals_command_user == NULL &&
            (options.authorized_principals_command != NULL &&
            strcasecmp(options.authorized_principals_command, "none") != 0))
                fatal("AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand set without "
                    "AuthorizedPrincipalsCommandUser");

        /*
         * Check whether there is any path through configured auth methods.
         * Unfortunately it is not possible to verify this generally before
         * daemonisation in the presence of Match block, but this catches
         * and warns for trivial misconfigurations that could break login.
         */
        if (options.num_auth_methods != 0) {
                for (n = 0; n < options.num_auth_methods; n++) {
                        if (auth2_methods_valid(options.auth_methods[n],
                            1) == 0)
                                break;
                }
                if (n >= options.num_auth_methods)
                        fatal("AuthenticationMethods cannot be satisfied by "
                            "enabled authentication methods");
        }

        /* Check that there are no remaining arguments. */
        if (optind < ac) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Extra argument %s.\n", av[optind]);
                exit(1);
        }

        debug("sshd version %s, %s", SSH_VERSION,
#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
            SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)
#else
            "without OpenSSL"
#endif
        );

        /* Store privilege separation user for later use if required. */
        privsep_chroot = use_privsep && (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0);
        if ((privsep_pw = getpwnam(SSH_PRIVSEP_USER)) == NULL) {
                if (privsep_chroot || options.kerberos_authentication)
                        fatal("Privilege separation user %s does not exist",
                            SSH_PRIVSEP_USER);
        } else {
                explicit_bzero(privsep_pw->pw_passwd,
                    strlen(privsep_pw->pw_passwd));
                privsep_pw = pwcopy(privsep_pw);
                free(privsep_pw->pw_passwd);
                privsep_pw->pw_passwd = xstrdup("*");
        }
        endpwent();

        /* load host keys */
        sensitive_data.host_keys = xcalloc(options.num_host_key_files,
            sizeof(struct sshkey *));
        sensitive_data.host_pubkeys = xcalloc(options.num_host_key_files,
            sizeof(struct sshkey *));

        if (options.host_key_agent) {
                if (strcmp(options.host_key_agent, SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME))
                        setenv(SSH_AUTHSOCKET_ENV_NAME,
                            options.host_key_agent, 1);
                if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(NULL)) == 0)
                        have_agent = 1;
                else
                        error("Could not connect to agent \"%s\": %s",
                            options.host_key_agent, ssh_err(r));
        }

        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
                if (options.host_key_files[i] == NULL)
                        continue;
                key = key_load_private(options.host_key_files[i], "", NULL);
                pubkey = key_load_public(options.host_key_files[i], NULL);

                if (pubkey == NULL && key != NULL)
                        pubkey = key_demote(key);
                sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = key;
                sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i] = pubkey;

                if (key == NULL && pubkey != NULL && have_agent) {
                        debug("will rely on agent for hostkey %s",
                            options.host_key_files[i]);
                        keytype = pubkey->type;
                } else if (key != NULL) {
                        keytype = key->type;
                } else {
                        error("Could not load host key: %s",
                            options.host_key_files[i]);
                        sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = NULL;
                        sensitive_data.host_pubkeys[i] = NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                switch (keytype) {
                case KEY_RSA:
                case KEY_DSA:
                case KEY_ECDSA:
                case KEY_ED25519:
                        if (have_agent || key != NULL)
                                sensitive_data.have_ssh2_key = 1;
                        break;
                }
                if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(pubkey, options.fingerprint_hash,
                    SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL)
                        fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed");
                debug("%s host key #%d: %s %s",
                    key ? "private" : "agent", i, sshkey_ssh_name(pubkey), fp);
                free(fp);
        }
        if (!sensitive_data.have_ssh2_key) {
                logit("sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.");
                exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * Load certificates. They are stored in an array at identical
         * indices to the public keys that they relate to.
         */
        sensitive_data.host_certificates = xcalloc(options.num_host_key_files,
            sizeof(struct sshkey *));
        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++)
                sensitive_data.host_certificates[i] = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_cert_files; i++) {
                if (options.host_cert_files[i] == NULL)
                        continue;
                key = key_load_public(options.host_cert_files[i], NULL);
                if (key == NULL) {
                        error("Could not load host certificate: %s",
                            options.host_cert_files[i]);
                        continue;
                }
                if (!key_is_cert(key)) {
                        error("Certificate file is not a certificate: %s",
                            options.host_cert_files[i]);
                        key_free(key);
                        continue;
                }
                /* Find matching private key */
                for (j = 0; j < options.num_host_key_files; j++) {
                        if (key_equal_public(key,
                            sensitive_data.host_keys[j])) {
                                sensitive_data.host_certificates[j] = key;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (j >= options.num_host_key_files) {
                        error("No matching private key for certificate: %s",
                            options.host_cert_files[i]);
                        key_free(key);
                        continue;
                }
                sensitive_data.host_certificates[j] = key;
                debug("host certificate: #%d type %d %s", j, key->type,
                    key_type(key));
        }

        if (privsep_chroot) {
                struct stat st;

                if ((stat(_PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR, &st) == -1) ||
                    (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) == 0))
                        fatal("Missing privilege separation directory: %s",
                            _PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR);

#ifdef HAVE_CYGWIN
                if (check_ntsec(_PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR) &&
                    (st.st_uid != getuid () ||
                    (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH)) != 0))
#else
                if (st.st_uid != 0 || (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH)) != 0)
#endif
                        fatal("%s must be owned by root and not group or "
                            "world-writable.", _PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR);
        }

        if (test_flag > 1) {
                if (server_match_spec_complete(connection_info) == 1)
                        parse_server_match_config(&options, connection_info);
                dump_config(&options);
        }

        /* Configuration looks good, so exit if in test mode. */
        if (test_flag)
                exit(0);

        /*
         * Clear out any supplemental groups we may have inherited.  This
         * prevents inadvertent creation of files with bad modes (in the
         * portable version at least, it's certainly possible for PAM
         * to create a file, and we can't control the code in every
         * module which might be used).
         */
        if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
                debug("setgroups() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));

        if (rexec_flag) {
                rexec_argv = xcalloc(rexec_argc + 2, sizeof(char *));
                for (i = 0; i < rexec_argc; i++) {
                        debug("rexec_argv[%d]='%s'", i, saved_argv[i]);
                        rexec_argv[i] = saved_argv[i];
                }
                rexec_argv[rexec_argc] = "-R";
                rexec_argv[rexec_argc + 1] = NULL;
        }

        /* Ensure that umask disallows at least group and world write */
        new_umask = umask(0077) | 0022;
        (void) umask(new_umask);

        /* Initialize the log (it is reinitialized below in case we forked). */
        if (debug_flag && (!inetd_flag || rexeced_flag))
                log_stderr = 1;
        log_init(__progname, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);

        /*
         * If not in debugging mode, not started from inetd and not already
         * daemonized (eg re-exec via SIGHUP), disconnect from the controlling
         * terminal, and fork.  The original process exits.
         */
        already_daemon = daemonized();
        if (!(debug_flag || inetd_flag || no_daemon_flag || already_daemon)) {

                if (daemon(0, 0) < 0)
                        fatal("daemon() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));

                disconnect_controlling_tty();
        }
        /* Reinitialize the log (because of the fork above). */
        log_init(__progname, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);

        /* Chdir to the root directory so that the current disk can be
           unmounted if desired. */
        if (chdir("/") == -1)
                error("chdir(\"/\"): %s", strerror(errno));

        /* ignore SIGPIPE */
        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

        /* Get a connection, either from inetd or a listening TCP socket */
        if (inetd_flag) {
                server_accept_inetd(&sock_in, &sock_out);
        } else {
                platform_pre_listen();
                server_listen();

                signal(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
                signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
                signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler);
                signal(SIGQUIT, sigterm_handler);

                /*
                 * Write out the pid file after the sigterm handler
                 * is setup and the listen sockets are bound
                 */
                if (options.pid_file != NULL && !debug_flag) {
                        FILE *f = fopen(options.pid_file, "w");

                        if (f == NULL) {
                                error("Couldn't create pid file \"%s\": %s",
                                    options.pid_file, strerror(errno));
                        } else {
                                fprintf(f, "%ld\n", (long) getpid());
                                fclose(f);
                        }
                }

                /* Accept a connection and return in a forked child */
                server_accept_loop(&sock_in, &sock_out,
                    &newsock, config_s);
        }

        /* This is the child processing a new connection. */
        setproctitle("%s", "[accepted]");

        /*
         * Create a new session and process group since the 4.4BSD
         * setlogin() affects the entire process group.  We don't
         * want the child to be able to affect the parent.
         */
#if !defined(SSHD_ACQUIRES_CTTY)
        /*
         * If setsid is called, on some platforms sshd will later acquire a
         * controlling terminal which will result in "could not set
         * controlling tty" errors.
         */
        if (!debug_flag && !inetd_flag && setsid() < 0)
                error("setsid: %.100s", strerror(errno));
#endif

        if (rexec_flag) {
                int fd;

                debug("rexec start in %d out %d newsock %d pipe %d sock %d",
                    sock_in, sock_out, newsock, startup_pipe, config_s[0]);
                dup2(newsock, STDIN_FILENO);
                dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
                if (startup_pipe == -1)
                        close(REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD);
                else if (startup_pipe != REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD) {
                        dup2(startup_pipe, REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD);
                        close(startup_pipe);
                        startup_pipe = REEXEC_STARTUP_PIPE_FD;
                }

                dup2(config_s[1], REEXEC_CONFIG_PASS_FD);
                close(config_s[1]);

                execv(rexec_argv[0], rexec_argv);

                /* Reexec has failed, fall back and continue */
                error("rexec of %s failed: %s", rexec_argv[0], strerror(errno));
                recv_rexec_state(REEXEC_CONFIG_PASS_FD, NULL);
                log_init(__progname, options.log_level,
                    options.log_facility, log_stderr);

                /* Clean up fds */
                close(REEXEC_CONFIG_PASS_FD);
                newsock = sock_out = sock_in = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
                if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR, 0)) != -1) {
                        dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
                        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
                        if (fd > STDERR_FILENO)
                                close(fd);
                }
                debug("rexec cleanup in %d out %d newsock %d pipe %d sock %d",
                    sock_in, sock_out, newsock, startup_pipe, config_s[0]);
        }

        /* Executed child processes don't need these. */
        fcntl(sock_out, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
        fcntl(sock_in, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

        /*
         * Disable the key regeneration alarm.  We will not regenerate the
         * key since we are no longer in a position to give it to anyone. We
         * will not restart on SIGHUP since it no longer makes sense.
         */
        alarm(0);
        signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);

        /*
         * Register our connection.  This turns encryption off because we do
         * not have a key.
         */
        packet_set_connection(sock_in, sock_out);
        packet_set_server();
        ssh = active_state; /* XXX */

        check_ip_options(ssh);

        /* Prepare the channels layer */
        channel_init_channels(ssh);
        channel_set_af(ssh, options.address_family);
        process_permitopen(ssh, &options);

        /* Set SO_KEEPALIVE if requested. */
        if (options.tcp_keep_alive && packet_connection_is_on_socket() &&
            setsockopt(sock_in, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
                error("setsockopt SO_KEEPALIVE: %.100s", strerror(errno));

        if ((remote_port = ssh_remote_port(ssh)) < 0) {
                debug("ssh_remote_port failed");
                cleanup_exit(255);
        }

        /*
         * The rest of the code depends on the fact that
         * ssh_remote_ipaddr() caches the remote ip, even if
         * the socket goes away.
         */
        remote_ip = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh);

#ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
        audit_connection_from(remote_ip, remote_port);
#endif

        /* Log the connection. */
        laddr = get_local_ipaddr(sock_in);
        verbose("Connection from %s port %d on %s port %d",
            remote_ip, remote_port, laddr,  ssh_local_port(ssh));
        free(laddr);

        /*
         * We don't want to listen forever unless the other side
         * successfully authenticates itself.  So we set up an alarm which is
         * cleared after successful authentication.  A limit of zero
         * indicates no limit. Note that we don't set the alarm in debugging
         * mode; it is just annoying to have the server exit just when you
         * are about to discover the bug.
         */
        signal(SIGALRM, grace_alarm_handler);
        if (!debug_flag)
                alarm(options.login_grace_time);

        sshd_exchange_identification(ssh, sock_in, sock_out);
        packet_set_nonblocking();

        /* allocate authentication context */
        authctxt = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*authctxt));

        authctxt->loginmsg = &loginmsg;

        /* XXX global for cleanup, access from other modules */
        the_authctxt = authctxt;

        /* prepare buffer to collect messages to display to user after login */
        buffer_init(&loginmsg);
        auth_debug_reset();

        if (use_privsep) {
                if (privsep_preauth(authctxt) == 1)
                        goto authenticated;
        } else if (have_agent) {
                if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&auth_sock)) != 0) {
                        error("Unable to get agent socket: %s", ssh_err(r));
                        have_agent = 0;
                }
        }

        /* perform the key exchange */
        /* authenticate user and start session */
        do_ssh2_kex();
        do_authentication2(authctxt);

        /*
         * If we use privilege separation, the unprivileged child transfers
         * the current keystate and exits
         */
        if (use_privsep) {
                mm_send_keystate(pmonitor);
                packet_clear_keys();
                exit(0);
        }

 authenticated:
        /*
         * Cancel the alarm we set to limit the time taken for
         * authentication.
         */
        alarm(0);
        signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
        authctxt->authenticated = 1;
        if (startup_pipe != -1) {
                close(startup_pipe);
                startup_pipe = -1;
        }

#ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
        audit_event(SSH_AUTH_SUCCESS);
#endif

#ifdef GSSAPI
        if (options.gss_authentication) {
                temporarily_use_uid(authctxt->pw);
                ssh_gssapi_storecreds();
                restore_uid();
        }
#endif
#ifdef USE_PAM
        if (options.use_pam) {
                do_pam_setcred(1);
                do_pam_session();
        }
#endif

        /*
         * In privilege separation, we fork another child and prepare
         * file descriptor passing.
         */
        if (use_privsep) {
                privsep_postauth(authctxt);
                /* the monitor process [priv] will not return */
        }

        packet_set_timeout(options.client_alive_interval,
            options.client_alive_count_max);

        /* Try to send all our hostkeys to the client */
        notify_hostkeys(ssh);

        /* Start session. */
        do_authenticated(ssh, authctxt);

        /* The connection has been terminated. */
        packet_get_bytes(&ibytes, &obytes);
        verbose("Transferred: sent %llu, received %llu bytes",
            (unsigned long long)obytes, (unsigned long long)ibytes);

        verbose("Closing connection to %.500s port %d", remote_ip, remote_port);

#ifdef USE_PAM
        if (options.use_pam)
                finish_pam();
#endif /* USE_PAM */

#ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
        PRIVSEP(audit_event(SSH_CONNECTION_CLOSE));
#endif

        packet_close();

        if (use_privsep)
                mm_terminate();

        exit(0);
}

int
sshd_hostkey_sign(struct sshkey *privkey, struct sshkey *pubkey,
    u_char **signature, size_t *slen, const u_char *data, size_t dlen,
    const char *alg, u_int flag)
{
        int r;
        u_int xxx_slen, xxx_dlen = dlen;

        if (privkey) {
                if (PRIVSEP(key_sign(privkey, signature, &xxx_slen, data, xxx_dlen,
                    alg) < 0))
                        fatal("%s: key_sign failed", __func__);
                if (slen)
                        *slen = xxx_slen;
        } else if (use_privsep) {
                if (mm_key_sign(pubkey, signature, &xxx_slen, data, xxx_dlen,
                    alg) < 0)
                        fatal("%s: pubkey_sign failed", __func__);
                if (slen)
                        *slen = xxx_slen;
        } else {
                if ((r = ssh_agent_sign(auth_sock, pubkey, signature, slen,
                    data, dlen, alg, datafellows)) != 0)
                        fatal("%s: ssh_agent_sign failed: %s",
                            __func__, ssh_err(r));
        }
        return 0;
}

/* SSH2 key exchange */
static void
do_ssh2_kex(void)
{
        char *myproposal[PROPOSAL_MAX] = { KEX_SERVER };
        struct kex *kex;
        int r;

        myproposal[PROPOSAL_KEX_ALGS] = compat_kex_proposal(
            options.kex_algorithms);
        myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_CTOS] = compat_cipher_proposal(
            options.ciphers);
        myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_STOC] = compat_cipher_proposal(
            options.ciphers);
        myproposal[PROPOSAL_MAC_ALGS_CTOS] =
            myproposal[PROPOSAL_MAC_ALGS_STOC] = options.macs;

        if (options.compression == COMP_NONE) {
                myproposal[PROPOSAL_COMP_ALGS_CTOS] =
                    myproposal[PROPOSAL_COMP_ALGS_STOC] = "none";
        }

        if (options.rekey_limit || options.rekey_interval)
                packet_set_rekey_limits(options.rekey_limit,
                    options.rekey_interval);

        myproposal[PROPOSAL_SERVER_HOST_KEY_ALGS] = compat_pkalg_proposal(
            list_hostkey_types());

        /* start key exchange */
        if ((r = kex_setup(active_state, myproposal)) != 0)
                fatal("kex_setup: %s", ssh_err(r));
        kex = active_state->kex;
#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1] = kexdh_server;
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA1] = kexdh_server;
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GRP14_SHA256] = kexdh_server;
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GRP16_SHA512] = kexdh_server;
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GRP18_SHA512] = kexdh_server;
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GEX_SHA1] = kexgex_server;
        kex->kex[KEX_DH_GEX_SHA256] = kexgex_server;
# ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
        kex->kex[KEX_ECDH_SHA2] = kexecdh_server;
# endif
#endif
        kex->kex[KEX_C25519_SHA256] = kexc25519_server;
        kex->server = 1;
        kex->client_version_string=client_version_string;
        kex->server_version_string=server_version_string;
        kex->load_host_public_key=&get_hostkey_public_by_type;
        kex->load_host_private_key=&get_hostkey_private_by_type;
        kex->host_key_index=&get_hostkey_index;
        kex->sign = sshd_hostkey_sign;

        ssh_dispatch_run_fatal(active_state, DISPATCH_BLOCK, &kex->done);

        session_id2 = kex->session_id;
        session_id2_len = kex->session_id_len;

#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
        /* send 1st encrypted/maced/compressed message */
        packet_start(SSH2_MSG_IGNORE);
        packet_put_cstring("markus");
        packet_send();
        packet_write_wait();
#endif
        debug("KEX done");
}

/* server specific fatal cleanup */
void
cleanup_exit(int i)
{
        struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */

        if (the_authctxt) {
                do_cleanup(ssh, the_authctxt);
                if (use_privsep && privsep_is_preauth &&
                    pmonitor != NULL && pmonitor->m_pid > 1) {
                        debug("Killing privsep child %d", pmonitor->m_pid);
                        if (kill(pmonitor->m_pid, SIGKILL) != 0 &&
                            errno != ESRCH)
                                error("%s: kill(%d): %s", __func__,
                                    pmonitor->m_pid, strerror(errno));
                }
        }
#ifdef SSH_AUDIT_EVENTS
        /* done after do_cleanup so it can cancel the PAM auth 'thread' */
        if (!use_privsep || mm_is_monitor())
                audit_event(SSH_CONNECTION_ABANDON);
#endif
        _exit(i);
}