usr.bin/join/join.c

   1 /*-
   2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Steve Hayman of the Computer Science Department, Indiana University,
   7  * Michiro Hikida and David Goodenough.
   8  *
   9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  11  * are met:
  12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  17  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  *
  33  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  34  * @(#)join.c   8.6 (Berkeley) 5/4/95
  35  * $FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/join/join.c 246319 2013-02-04 10:05:55Z andrew $
  36  */
  37
  38 #include <sys/param.h>
  39
  40 #include <err.h>
  41 #include <errno.h>
  42 #include <limits.h>
  43 #include <locale.h>
  44 #include <stdio.h>
  45 #include <stdlib.h>
  46 #include <string.h>
  47 #include <unistd.h>
  48 #include <wchar.h>
  49
  50 /*
  51  * There's a structure per input file which encapsulates the state of the
  52  * file.  We repeatedly read lines from each file until we've read in all
  53  * the consecutive lines from the file with a common join field.  Then we
  54  * compare the set of lines with an equivalent set from the other file.
  55  */
  56 typedef struct {
  57         char *line;             /* line */
  58         u_long linealloc;       /* line allocated count */
  59         char **fields;          /* line field(s) */
  60         u_long fieldcnt;        /* line field(s) count */
  61         u_long fieldalloc;      /* line field(s) allocated count */
  62 } LINE;
  63
  64 typedef struct {
  65         FILE *fp;               /* file descriptor */
  66         u_long joinf;           /* join field (-1, -2, -j) */
  67         int unpair;             /* output unpairable lines (-a) */
  68         u_long number;          /* 1 for file 1, 2 for file 2 */
  69
  70         LINE *set;              /* set of lines with same field */
  71         int pushbool;           /* if pushback is set */
  72         u_long pushback;        /* line on the stack */
  73         u_long setcnt;          /* set count */
  74         u_long setalloc;        /* set allocated count */
  75 } INPUT;
  76 static INPUT input1 = { NULL, 0, 0, 1, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
  77     input2 = { NULL, 0, 0, 2, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
  78
  79 typedef struct {
  80         u_long  filenum;        /* file number */
  81         u_long  fieldno;        /* field number */
  82 } OLIST;
  83 static OLIST *olist;            /* output field list */
  84 static u_long olistcnt;         /* output field list count */
  85 static u_long olistalloc;       /* output field allocated count */
  86
  87 static int joinout = 1;         /* show lines with matched join fields (-v) */
  88 static int needsep;             /* need separator character */
  89 static int spans = 1;           /* span multiple delimiters (-t) */
  90 static char *empty;             /* empty field replacement string (-e) */
  91 static wchar_t default_tabchar[] = L" \t";
  92 static wchar_t *tabchar = default_tabchar; /* delimiter characters (-t) */
  93
  94 static int  cmp(LINE *, u_long, LINE *, u_long);
  95 static void fieldarg(char *);
  96 static void joinlines(INPUT *, INPUT *);
  97 static int  mbscoll(const char *, const char *);
  98 static char *mbssep(char **, const wchar_t *);
  99 static void obsolete(char **);
 100 static void outfield(LINE *, u_long, int);
 101 static void outoneline(INPUT *, LINE *);
 102 static void outtwoline(INPUT *, LINE *, INPUT *, LINE *);
 103 static void slurp(INPUT *);
 104 static wchar_t *towcs(const char *);
 105 static void usage(void);
 106
 107 int
 108 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 109 {
 110         INPUT *F1, *F2;
 111         int aflag, ch, cval, vflag;
 112         char *end;
 113
 114         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 115
 116         F1 = &input1;
 117         F2 = &input2;
 118
 119         aflag = vflag = 0;
 120         obsolete(argv);
 121         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "\01a:e:j:1:2:o:t:v:")) != -1) {
 122                 switch (ch) {
 123                 case '\01':             /* See comment in obsolete(). */
 124                         aflag = 1;
 125                         F1->unpair = F2->unpair = 1;
 126                         break;
 127                 case '1':
 128                         if ((F1->joinf = strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) < 1)
 129                                 errx(1, "-1 option field number less than 1");
 130                         if (*end)
 131                                 errx(1, "illegal field number -- %s", optarg);
 132                         --F1->joinf;
 133                         break;
 134                 case '2':
 135                         if ((F2->joinf = strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) < 1)
 136                                 errx(1, "-2 option field number less than 1");
 137                         if (*end)
 138                                 errx(1, "illegal field number -- %s", optarg);
 139                         --F2->joinf;
 140                         break;
 141                 case 'a':
 142                         aflag = 1;
 143                         switch(strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) {
 144                         case 1:
 145                                 F1->unpair = 1;
 146                                 break;
 147                         case 2:
 148                                 F2->unpair = 1;
 149                                 break;
 150                         default:
 151                                 errx(1, "-a option file number not 1 or 2");
 152                                 break;
 153                         }
 154                         if (*end)
 155                                 errx(1, "illegal file number -- %s", optarg);
 156                         break;
 157                 case 'e':
 158                         empty = optarg;
 159                         break;
 160                 case 'j':
 161                         if ((F1->joinf = F2->joinf =
 162                             strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) < 1)
 163                                 errx(1, "-j option field number less than 1");
 164                         if (*end)
 165                                 errx(1, "illegal field number -- %s", optarg);
 166                         --F1->joinf;
 167                         --F2->joinf;
 168                         break;
 169                 case 'o':
 170                         fieldarg(optarg);
 171                         break;
 172                 case 't':
 173                         spans = 0;
 174                         if (mbrtowc(&tabchar[0], optarg, MB_LEN_MAX, NULL) !=
 175                             strlen(optarg))
 176                                 errx(1, "illegal tab character specification");
 177                         tabchar[1] = L'\0';
 178                         break;
 179                 case 'v':
 180                         vflag = 1;
 181                         joinout = 0;
 182                         switch (strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) {
 183                         case 1:
 184                                 F1->unpair = 1;
 185                                 break;
 186                         case 2:
 187                                 F2->unpair = 1;
 188                                 break;
 189                         default:
 190                                 errx(1, "-v option file number not 1 or 2");
 191                                 break;
 192                         }
 193                         if (*end)
 194                                 errx(1, "illegal file number -- %s", optarg);
 195                         break;
 196                 case '?':
 197                 default:
 198                         usage();
 199                 }
 200         }
 201         argc -= optind;
 202         argv += optind;
 203
 204         if (aflag && vflag)
 205                 errx(1, "the -a and -v options are mutually exclusive");
 206
 207         if (argc != 2)
 208                 usage();
 209
 210         /* Open the files; "-" means stdin. */
 211         if (!strcmp(*argv, "-"))
 212                 F1->fp = stdin;
 213         else if ((F1->fp = fopen(*argv, "r")) == NULL)
 214                 err(1, "%s", *argv);
 215         ++argv;
 216         if (!strcmp(*argv, "-"))
 217                 F2->fp = stdin;
 218         else if ((F2->fp = fopen(*argv, "r")) == NULL)
 219                 err(1, "%s", *argv);
 220         if (F1->fp == stdin && F2->fp == stdin)
 221                 errx(1, "only one input file may be stdin");
 222
 223         slurp(F1);
 224         slurp(F2);
 225         while (F1->setcnt && F2->setcnt) {
 226                 cval = cmp(F1->set, F1->joinf, F2->set, F2->joinf);
 227                 if (cval == 0) {
 228                         /* Oh joy, oh rapture, oh beauty divine! */
 229                         if (joinout)
 230                                 joinlines(F1, F2);
 231                         slurp(F1);
 232                         slurp(F2);
 233                 } else if (cval < 0) {
 234                         /* File 1 takes the lead... */
 235                         if (F1->unpair)
 236                                 joinlines(F1, NULL);
 237                         slurp(F1);
 238                 } else {
 239                         /* File 2 takes the lead... */
 240                         if (F2->unpair)
 241                                 joinlines(F2, NULL);
 242                         slurp(F2);
 243                 }
 244         }
 245
 246         /*
 247          * Now that one of the files is used up, optionally output any
 248          * remaining lines from the other file.
 249          */
 250         if (F1->unpair)
 251                 while (F1->setcnt) {
 252                         joinlines(F1, NULL);
 253                         slurp(F1);
 254                 }
 255         if (F2->unpair)
 256                 while (F2->setcnt) {
 257                         joinlines(F2, NULL);
 258                         slurp(F2);
 259                 }
 260         exit(0);
 261 }
 262
 263 static void
 264 slurp(INPUT *F)
 265 {
 266         LINE *lp, *lastlp, tmp;
 267         size_t len;
 268         int cnt;
 269         char *bp, *fieldp;
 270
 271         /*
 272          * Read all of the lines from an input file that have the same
 273          * join field.
 274          */
 275         F->setcnt = 0;
 276         for (lastlp = NULL;; ++F->setcnt) {
 277                 /*
 278                  * If we're out of space to hold line structures, allocate
 279                  * more.  Initialize the structure so that we know that this
 280                  * is new space.
 281                  */
 282                 if (F->setcnt == F->setalloc) {
 283                         cnt = F->setalloc;
 284                         F->setalloc += 50;
 285                         if ((F->set = realloc(F->set,
 286                             F->setalloc * sizeof(LINE))) == NULL)
 287                                 err(1, NULL);
 288                         memset(F->set + cnt, 0, 50 * sizeof(LINE));
 289
 290                         /* re-set lastlp in case it moved */
 291                         if (lastlp != NULL)
 292                                 lastlp = &F->set[F->setcnt - 1];
 293                 }
 294
 295                 /*
 296                  * Get any pushed back line, else get the next line.  Allocate
 297                  * space as necessary.  If taking the line from the stack swap
 298                  * the two structures so that we don't lose space allocated to
 299                  * either structure.  This could be avoided by doing another
 300                  * level of indirection, but it's probably okay as is.
 301                  */
 302                 lp = &F->set[F->setcnt];
 303                 if (F->setcnt)
 304                         lastlp = &F->set[F->setcnt - 1];
 305                 if (F->pushbool) {
 306                         tmp = F->set[F->setcnt];
 307                         F->set[F->setcnt] = F->set[F->pushback];
 308                         F->set[F->pushback] = tmp;
 309                         F->pushbool = 0;
 310                         continue;
 311                 }
 312                 if ((bp = fgetln(F->fp, &len)) == NULL)
 313                         return;
 314                 if (lp->linealloc <= len + 1) {
 315                         lp->linealloc += MAX(100, len + 1 - lp->linealloc);
 316                         if ((lp->line =
 317                             realloc(lp->line, lp->linealloc)) == NULL)
 318                                 err(1, NULL);
 319                 }
 320                 memmove(lp->line, bp, len);
 321
 322                 /* Replace trailing newline, if it exists. */
 323                 if (bp[len - 1] == '\n')
 324                         lp->line[len - 1] = '\0';
 325                 else
 326                         lp->line[len] = '\0';
 327                 bp = lp->line;
 328
 329                 /* Split the line into fields, allocate space as necessary. */
 330                 lp->fieldcnt = 0;
 331                 while ((fieldp = mbssep(&bp, tabchar)) != NULL) {
 332                         if (spans && *fieldp == '\0')
 333                                 continue;
 334                         if (lp->fieldcnt == lp->fieldalloc) {
 335                                 lp->fieldalloc += 50;
 336                                 if ((lp->fields = realloc(lp->fields,
 337                                     lp->fieldalloc * sizeof(char *))) == NULL)
 338                                         err(1, NULL);
 339                         }
 340                         lp->fields[lp->fieldcnt++] = fieldp;
 341                 }
 342
 343                 /* See if the join field value has changed. */
 344                 if (lastlp != NULL && cmp(lp, F->joinf, lastlp, F->joinf)) {
 345                         F->pushbool = 1;
 346                         F->pushback = F->setcnt;
 347                         break;
 348                 }
 349         }
 350 }
 351
 352 static char *
 353 mbssep(char **stringp, const wchar_t *delim)
 354 {
 355         char *s, *tok;
 356         const wchar_t *spanp;
 357         wchar_t c, sc;
 358         size_t n;
 359
 360         if ((s = *stringp) == NULL)
 361                 return (NULL);
 362         for (tok = s;;) {
 363                 n = mbrtowc(&c, s, MB_LEN_MAX, NULL);
 364                 if (n == (size_t)-1 || n == (size_t)-2)
 365                         errc(1, EILSEQ, NULL);  /* XXX */
 366                 s += n;
 367                 spanp = delim;
 368                 do {
 369                         if ((sc = *spanp++) == c) {
 370                                 if (c == 0)
 371                                         s = NULL;
 372                                 else
 373                                         s[-n] = '\0';
 374                                 *stringp = s;
 375                                 return (tok);
 376                         }
 377                 } while (sc != 0);
 378         }
 379 }
 380
 381 static int
 382 cmp(LINE *lp1, u_long fieldno1, LINE *lp2, u_long fieldno2)
 383 {
 384         if (lp1->fieldcnt <= fieldno1)
 385                 return (lp2->fieldcnt <= fieldno2 ? 0 : 1);
 386         if (lp2->fieldcnt <= fieldno2)
 387                 return (-1);
 388         return (mbscoll(lp1->fields[fieldno1], lp2->fields[fieldno2]));
 389 }
 390
 391 static int
 392 mbscoll(const char *s1, const char *s2)
 393 {
 394         wchar_t *w1, *w2;
 395         int ret;
 396
 397         if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
 398                 return (strcoll(s1, s2));
 399         if ((w1 = towcs(s1)) == NULL || (w2 = towcs(s2)) == NULL)
 400                 err(1, NULL);   /* XXX */
 401         ret = wcscoll(w1, w2);
 402         free(w1);
 403         free(w2);
 404         return (ret);
 405 }
 406
 407 static wchar_t *
 408 towcs(const char *s)
 409 {
 410         wchar_t *wcs;
 411         size_t n;
 412
 413         if ((n = mbsrtowcs(NULL, &s, 0, NULL)) == (size_t)-1)
 414                 return (NULL);
 415         if ((wcs = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(*wcs))) == NULL)
 416                 return (NULL);
 417         mbsrtowcs(wcs, &s, n + 1, NULL);
 418         return (wcs);
 419 }
 420
 421 static void
 422 joinlines(INPUT *F1, INPUT *F2)
 423 {
 424         u_long cnt1, cnt2;
 425
 426         /*
 427          * Output the results of a join comparison.  The output may be from
 428          * either file 1 or file 2 (in which case the first argument is the
 429          * file from which to output) or from both.
 430          */
 431         if (F2 == NULL) {
 432                 for (cnt1 = 0; cnt1 < F1->setcnt; ++cnt1)
 433                         outoneline(F1, &F1->set[cnt1]);
 434                 return;
 435         }
 436         for (cnt1 = 0; cnt1 < F1->setcnt; ++cnt1)
 437                 for (cnt2 = 0; cnt2 < F2->setcnt; ++cnt2)
 438                         outtwoline(F1, &F1->set[cnt1], F2, &F2->set[cnt2]);
 439 }
 440
 441 static void
 442 outoneline(INPUT *F, LINE *lp)
 443 {
 444         u_long cnt;
 445
 446         /*
 447          * Output a single line from one of the files, according to the
 448          * join rules.  This happens when we are writing unmatched single
 449          * lines.  Output empty fields in the right places.
 450          */
 451         if (olist)
 452                 for (cnt = 0; cnt < olistcnt; ++cnt) {
 453                         if (olist[cnt].filenum == (unsigned)F->number)
 454                                 outfield(lp, olist[cnt].fieldno, 0);
 455                         else if (olist[cnt].filenum == 0)
 456                                 outfield(lp, F->joinf, 0);
 457                         else
 458                                 outfield(lp, 0, 1);
 459                 }
 460         else
 461                 for (cnt = 0; cnt < lp->fieldcnt; ++cnt)
 462                         outfield(lp, cnt, 0);
 463         printf("\n");
 464         if (ferror(stdout))
 465                 err(1, "stdout");
 466         needsep = 0;
 467 }
 468
 469 static void
 470 outtwoline(INPUT *F1, LINE *lp1, INPUT *F2, LINE *lp2)
 471 {
 472         u_long cnt;
 473
 474         /* Output a pair of lines according to the join list (if any). */
 475         if (olist)
 476                 for (cnt = 0; cnt < olistcnt; ++cnt)
 477                         if (olist[cnt].filenum == 0) {
 478                                 if (lp1->fieldcnt >= F1->joinf)
 479                                         outfield(lp1, F1->joinf, 0);
 480                                 else
 481                                         outfield(lp2, F2->joinf, 0);
 482                         } else if (olist[cnt].filenum == 1)
 483                                 outfield(lp1, olist[cnt].fieldno, 0);
 484                         else /* if (olist[cnt].filenum == 2) */
 485                                 outfield(lp2, olist[cnt].fieldno, 0);
 486         else {
 487                 /*
 488                  * Output the join field, then the remaining fields from F1
 489                  * and F2.
 490                  */
 491                 outfield(lp1, F1->joinf, 0);
 492                 for (cnt = 0; cnt < lp1->fieldcnt; ++cnt)
 493                         if (F1->joinf != cnt)
 494                                 outfield(lp1, cnt, 0);
 495                 for (cnt = 0; cnt < lp2->fieldcnt; ++cnt)
 496                         if (F2->joinf != cnt)
 497                                 outfield(lp2, cnt, 0);
 498         }
 499         printf("\n");
 500         if (ferror(stdout))
 501                 err(1, "stdout");
 502         needsep = 0;
 503 }
 504
 505 static void
 506 outfield(LINE *lp, u_long fieldno, int out_empty)
 507 {
 508         if (needsep++)
 509                 printf("%lc", (wint_t)*tabchar);
 510         if (!ferror(stdout)) {
 511                 if (lp->fieldcnt <= fieldno || out_empty) {
 512                         if (empty != NULL)
 513                                 printf("%s", empty);
 514                 } else {
 515                         if (*lp->fields[fieldno] == '\0')
 516                                 return;
 517                         printf("%s", lp->fields[fieldno]);
 518                 }
 519         }
 520         if (ferror(stdout))
 521                 err(1, "stdout");
 522 }
 523
 524 /*
 525  * Convert an output list argument "2.1, 1.3, 2.4" into an array of output
 526  * fields.
 527  */
 528 static void
 529 fieldarg(char *option)
 530 {
 531         u_long fieldno, filenum;
 532         char *end, *token;
 533
 534         while ((token = strsep(&option, ", \t")) != NULL) {
 535                 if (*token == '\0')
 536                         continue;
 537                 if (token[0] == '0')
 538                         filenum = fieldno = 0;
 539                 else if ((token[0] == '1' || token[0] == '2') &&
 540                     token[1] == '.') {
 541                         filenum = token[0] - '0';
 542                         fieldno = strtol(token + 2, &end, 10);
 543                         if (*end)
 544                                 errx(1, "malformed -o option field");
 545                         if (fieldno == 0)
 546                                 errx(1, "field numbers are 1 based");
 547                         --fieldno;
 548                 } else
 549                         errx(1, "malformed -o option field");
 550                 if (olistcnt == olistalloc) {
 551                         olistalloc += 50;
 552                         if ((olist = realloc(olist,
 553                             olistalloc * sizeof(OLIST))) == NULL)
 554                                 err(1, NULL);
 555                 }
 556                 olist[olistcnt].filenum = filenum;
 557                 olist[olistcnt].fieldno = fieldno;
 558                 ++olistcnt;
 559         }
 560 }
 561
 562 static void
 563 obsolete(char **argv)
 564 {
 565         size_t len;
 566         char **p, *ap, *t;
 567
 568         while ((ap = *++argv) != NULL) {
 569                 /* Return if "--". */
 570                 if (ap[0] == '-' && ap[1] == '-')
 571                         return;
 572                 /* skip if not an option */
 573                 if (ap[0] != '-')
 574                         continue;
 575                 switch (ap[1]) {
 576                 case 'a':
 577                         /*
 578                          * The original join allowed "-a", which meant the
 579                          * same as -a1 plus -a2.  POSIX 1003.2, Draft 11.2
 580                          * only specifies this as "-a 1" and "a -2", so we
 581                          * have to use another option flag, one that is
 582                          * unlikely to ever be used or accidentally entered
 583                          * on the command line.  (Well, we could reallocate
 584                          * the argv array, but that hardly seems worthwhile.)
 585                          */
 586                         if (ap[2] == '\0' && (argv[1] == NULL ||
 587                             (strcmp(argv[1], "1") != 0 &&
 588                             strcmp(argv[1], "2") != 0))) {
 589                                 ap[1] = '\01';
 590                                 warnx("-a option used without an argument; "
 591                                     "reverting to historical behavior");
 592                         }
 593                         break;
 594                 case 'j':
 595                         /*
 596                          * The original join allowed "-j[12] arg" and "-j arg".
 597                          * Convert the former to "-[12] arg".  Don't convert
 598                          * the latter since getopt(3) can handle it.
 599                          */
 600                         switch(ap[2]) {
 601                         case '1':
 602                                 if (ap[3] != '\0')
 603                                         goto jbad;
 604                                 ap[1] = '1';
 605                                 ap[2] = '\0';
 606                                 break;
 607                         case '2':
 608                                 if (ap[3] != '\0')
 609                                         goto jbad;
 610                                 ap[1] = '2';
 611                                 ap[2] = '\0';
 612                                 break;
 613                         case '\0':
 614                                 break;
 615                         default:
 616 jbad:                           errx(1, "illegal option -- %s", ap);
 617                                 usage();
 618                         }
 619                         break;
 620                 case 'o':
 621                         /*
 622                          * The original join allowed "-o arg arg".
 623                          * Convert to "-o arg -o arg".
 624                          */
 625                         if (ap[2] != '\0')
 626                                 break;
 627                         for (p = argv + 2; *p; ++p) {
 628                                 if (p[0][0] == '0' || ((p[0][0] != '1' &&
 629                                     p[0][0] != '2') || p[0][1] != '.'))
 630                                         break;
 631                                 len = strlen(*p);
 632                                 if (len - 2 != strspn(*p + 2, "0123456789"))
 633                                         break;
 634                                 if ((t = malloc(len + 3)) == NULL)
 635                                         err(1, NULL);
 636                                 t[0] = '-';
 637                                 t[1] = 'o';
 638                                 memmove(t + 2, *p, len + 1);
 639                                 *p = t;
 640                         }
 641                         argv = p - 1;
 642                         break;
 643                 }
 644         }
 645 }
 646
 647 static void
 648 usage(void)
 649 {
 650         fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n%s\n",
 651             "usage: join [-a fileno | -v fileno ] [-e string] [-1 field]",
 652             "[-2 field]",
 653                 "            [-o list] [-t char] file1 file2");
 654         exit(1);
 655 }