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  16           <a href="index.php">Common Lisp Quick Reference</a>
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  20         <td class="side-content">
  21           <ul>
  22             <li><a href="index.php">home</a>
  23             <li><a href="download.php">download</a>
  24             <li><a href="printing.html">printing &amp; bookbinding</a>
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  28               <a href="http://developer.berlios.de"
  29                  title="BerliOS Developer">
  30                 <img src="http://developer.berlios.de/bslogo.php?group_id=9765"
  31                      alt="BerliOS Developer Logo">
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  37           <br>
  38           <em>OUR HOST <a href="http://berlios.de">BERLIOS</a> IS GOING
  39             TO <a href="http://developer.berlios.de/forum/forum.php?forum_id=37450">SHUT
  40               DOWN</a> AT THE END OF THE YEAR.
  41             <br>
  42             <a href="http://clqr.boundp.org">Common Lisp Quick Reference</a> has moved to its new home at
  43             <b><a href="http://clqr.boundp.org">http://clqr.boundp.org</a>
  44             </b>
  45           </em>
  46           <h3>License</h3>
  47           <p>
  48             Copyright &copy 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Bert Burgemeister
  49           <p>
  50           </p>
  51           Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
  52           document under the terms of the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
  53           Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
  54           Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and
  55           no Back-Cover Texts.
  56           <p>
  57             &nbsp;
  58           <p>
  59             &nbsp;
  60           <p>
  61             &nbsp;
  62           <p>
  63             <h3><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a></h3>
  64           <p>
  65             Version 1.2, November 2002
  66           </p>
  67
  68           <pre>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.</pre>
  69           <pre>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA</pre>
  70           <pre>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies</pre>
  71           <pre>of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</pre>
  72
  73           <p>
  74             <h4>0. PREAMBLE</h4>
  75           </p>
  76
  77           <p>
  78             The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  79             functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
  80             assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  81             with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  82             Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  83             to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
  84             for modifications made by others.
  85           </p>
  86
  87           <p>
  88             This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
  89             works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
  90             complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  91             license designed for free software.
  92           </p>
  93
  94           <p>
  95             We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  96             software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  97             program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  98             software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
  99             it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
 100             whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
 101             principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
 102           </p>
 103
 104           <p>
 105             <h4>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</h4>
 106           </p>
 107
 108           <p>
 109             This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
 110             contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
 111             distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
 112             world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
 113             work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
 114             refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
 115             licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
 116             copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
 117             under copyright law.
 118           </p>
 119
 120           <p>
 121             A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
 122             Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
 123             modifications and/or translated into another language.
 124           </p>
 125
 126           <p>
 127             A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
 128             the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
 129             publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
 130             (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
 131             within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
 132             textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
 133             mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
 134             connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
 135             commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
 136             them.
 137           </p>
 138
 139           <p>
 140             The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
 141             are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
 142             that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
 143             section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
 144             allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
 145             Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
 146             Sections then there are none.
 147           </p>
 148
 149           <p>
 150             The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
 151             as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
 152             the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
 153             be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
 154           </p>
 155
 156           <p>
 157             A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
 158             represented in a format whose specification is available to the
 159             general public, that is suitable for revising the document
 160             straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
 161             pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
 162             drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
 163             for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
 164             to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
 165             format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
 166             or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
 167             An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
 168             of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
 169           </p>
 170
 171           <p>
 172             Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
 173             ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
 174             or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
 175             HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
 176             transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
 177             include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
 178             proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
 179             processing tools are not generally available, and the
 180             machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
 181             processors for output purposes only.
 182           </p>
 183
 184           <p>
 185             The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
 186             plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
 187             this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
 188             formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
 189             the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
 190             preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
 191           </p>
 192
 193           <p>
 194             A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
 195             title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
 196             text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
 197             specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
 198             "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To "Preserve the Title"
 199             of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
 200             section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
 201           </p>
 202
 203           <p>
 204             The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
 205             states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
 206             Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
 207             License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
 208             implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
 209             no effect on the meaning of this License.
 210           </p>
 211
 212           <p>
 213             <h4>2. VERBATIM COPYING</h4>
 214           </p>
 215
 216           <p>
 217             You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
 218             commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
 219             copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
 220             to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
 221             conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
 222             technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
 223             copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
 224             compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
 225             number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
 226           </p>
 227
 228           <p>
 229             You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
 230             you may publicly display copies.
 231           </p>
 232
 233           <p>
 234             <h4>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</h4>
 235           </p>
 236
 237           <p>
 238             If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
 239             printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
 240             Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
 241             copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
 242             Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
 243             the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
 244             you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
 245             the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
 246             visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
 247             Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
 248             the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
 249             as verbatim copying in other respects.
 250           </p>
 251
 252           <p>
 253             If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
 254             legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
 255             reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
 256             pages.
 257           </p>
 258
 259           <p>
 260             If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
 261             more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
 262             copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
 263             a computer-network location from which the general network-using
 264             public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
 265             a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
 266             If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
 267             when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
 268             that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
 269             location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
 270             Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
 271             edition to the public.
 272           </p>
 273
 274           <p>
 275             It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
 276             Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
 277             them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
 278           </p>
 279
 280           <p>
 281             <h4>4. MODIFICATIONS</h4>
 282           </p>
 283
 284           <p>
 285             You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
 286             the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
 287             the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
 288             Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
 289             and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
 290             of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
 291           </p>
 292
 293           <ul>
 294             <li><h4>A.</h4> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
 295               from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
 296               (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
 297               of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
 298               if the original publisher of that version gives permission.</li>
 299             <li><h4>B.</h4> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
 300               responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
 301               Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
 302               Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
 303               unless they release you from this requirement.</li>
 304             <li><h4>C.</h4> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
 305               Modified Version, as the publisher.</li>
 306             <li><h4>D.</h4> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</li>
 307             <li><h4>E.</h4> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
 308               adjacent to the other copyright notices.</li>
 309             <li><h4>F.</h4> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
 310               giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
 311               terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</li>
 312             <li><h4>G.</h4> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
 313               and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.</li>
 314             <li><h4>H.</h4> Include an unaltered copy of this License.</li>
 315             <li><h4>I.</h4> Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
 316               to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
 317               publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
 318               there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
 319               stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
 320               given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
 321               Version as stated in the previous sentence.</li>
 322             <li><h4>J.</h4> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
 323               public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
 324               the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
 325               it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.
 326               You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
 327               least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
 328               publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</li>
 329             <li><h4>K.</h4> For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
 330               Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
 331               the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
 332               and/or dedications given therein.</li>
 333             <li><h4>L.</h4> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
 334               unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
 335               or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.</li>
 336             <li><h4>M.</h4> Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
 337               may not be included in the Modified Version.</li>
 338             <li><h4>N.</h4> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
 339               or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.</li>
 340             <li><h4>O.</h4> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</li>
 341           </ul>
 342
 343           <p>
 344             If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
 345             appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
 346             copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
 347             of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
 348             list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
 349             These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
 350           </p>
 351
 352           <p>
 353             You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
 354             nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
 355             parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
 356             been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
 357             standard.
 358           </p>
 359
 360           <p>
 361             You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
 362             passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
 363             of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
 364             Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
 365             through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
 366             includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
 367             by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
 368             you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
 369             permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
 370           </p>
 371
 372           <p>
 373             The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
 374             give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
 375             imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
 376           </p>
 377
 378           <p>
 379             <h4>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</h4>
 380           </p>
 381
 382           <p>
 383             You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
 384             License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
 385             versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
 386             Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
 387             list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
 388             license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
 389           </p>
 390
 391           <p>
 392             The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
 393             multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
 394             copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
 395             different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
 396             adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
 397             author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
 398             Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
 399             Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
 400           </p>
 401
 402           <p>
 403             In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
 404             in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
 405             "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
 406             and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
 407             Entitled "Endorsements."
 408           </p>
 409
 410           <p>
 411             <h4>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</h4>
 412           </p>
 413
 414           <p>
 415             You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
 416             released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
 417             License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
 418             the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
 419             verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
 420           </p>
 421
 422           <p>
 423             You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 424             it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 425             License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
 426             other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
 427           </p>
 428
 429           <p>
 430             <h4>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</h4>
 431           </p>
 432
 433           <p>
 434             A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
 435             and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
 436             distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
 437             resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
 438             of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
 439             When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
 440             apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
 441             derivative works of the Document.
 442           </p>
 443
 444           <p>
 445             If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
 446             copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
 447             the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
 448             covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
 449             electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
 450             Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
 451             aggregate.
 452           </p>
 453
 454           <p>
 455             <h4>8. TRANSLATION</h4>
 456           </p>
 457
 458           <p>
 459             Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
 460             distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
 461             Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
 462             permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
 463             translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
 464             original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
 465             translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
 466             Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
 467             the original English version of this License and the original versions
 468             of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
 469             the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
 470             or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 471           </p>
 472
 473           <p>
 474             If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
 475             "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
 476             its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
 477             title.
 478           </p>
 479
 480           <p>
 481             <h4>9. TERMINATION</h4>
 482           </p>
 483
 484           <p>
 485             You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
 486             as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
 487             copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
 488             automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
 489             parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
 490             License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 491             parties remain in full compliance.
 492           </p>
 493
 494           <p>
 495             <h4>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</h4>
 496           </p>
 497
 498           <p>
 499             The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
 500             of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
 501             versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
 502             differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
 503             http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
 504           </p>
 505
 506           <p>
 507             Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 508             If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
 509             License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
 510             following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
 511             of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
 512             Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
 513             number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
 514             as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 515           </p>
 516
 517           <h3>How to use this License for your documents</h3>
 518
 519           <p>
 520             To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 521             the License in the document and put the following copyright and
 522             license notices just after the title page:
 523           </p>
 524
 525           <pre>Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.</pre>
 526           <pre>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document</pre>
 527           <pre>under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2</pre>
 528           <pre>or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;</pre>
 529           <pre>with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover</pre>
 530           <pre>Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU</pre>
 531           <pre>Free Documentation License".</pre>
 532
 533           <p>
 534             If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
 535             replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
 536           </p>
 537
 538           <pre>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the</pre>
 539           <pre>Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre>
 540
 541           <p>
 542             If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
 543             combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
 544             situation.
 545           </p>
 546
 547           <p>
 548             If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 549             recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
 550             free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
 551             to permit their use in free software.
 552           </p>
 553
 554
 555           <p>
 556             Copyright notice above.<br />
 557             51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA
 558             <br />
 559             Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 560             permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
 561             preserved.
 562           </p>
 563
 564         </td>
 565       </tr>
 566       <tr>
 567         <td class="quicklinks" colspan="2">
 568           &nbsp;
 569         </td>
 570       </tr>
 571       <tr>
 572         <td class="footer" colspan="2">
 573           &copy; 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 &nbsp;
 574           <a href="mailto:trebbu@googlemail.com?subject=CLQR ">
 575             Bert Burgemeister
 576           </a>
 577         </td>
 578       </tr>
 579     </table>
 580   </body>
 581 </html>