2 Calf Box, an open source musical instrument.
3 Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Krzysztof Foltman
5 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8 (at your option) any later version.
10 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 GNU General Public License for more details.
15 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 #include "config-api.h"
26 #include "sampler_impl.h"
27 #include "sfzloader.h"
39 static void lfo_init(struct sampler_lfo
*lfo
, struct sampler_lfo_params
*lfop
, int srate
, double srate_inv
)
43 lfo
->delta
= (uint32_t)(lfop
->freq
* 65536.0 * 65536.0 * CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
* srate_inv
);
44 lfo
->delay
= (uint32_t)(lfop
->delay
* srate
);
45 lfo
->fade
= (uint32_t)(lfop
->fade
* srate
);
48 static inline float lfo_run(struct sampler_lfo
*lfo
)
50 if (lfo
->age
< lfo
->delay
)
52 lfo
->age
+= CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
;
56 const int FRAC_BITS
= 32 - 11;
57 lfo
->phase
+= lfo
->delta
;
58 uint32_t iphase
= lfo
->phase
>> FRAC_BITS
;
59 float frac
= (lfo
->phase
& ((1 << FRAC_BITS
) - 1)) * (1.0 / (1 << FRAC_BITS
));
61 float v
= sampler_sine_wave
[iphase
] + (sampler_sine_wave
[iphase
+ 1] - sampler_sine_wave
[iphase
]) * frac
;
62 if (lfo
->fade
&& lfo
->age
< lfo
->delay
+ lfo
->fade
)
64 v
*= (lfo
->age
- lfo
->delay
) * 1.0 / lfo
->fade
;
65 lfo
->age
+= CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
;
71 static gboolean
is_4pole(struct sampler_layer_data
*v
)
75 return v
->fil_type
== sft_lp24
|| v
->fil_type
== sft_hp24
|| v
->fil_type
== sft_bp12
;
78 static gboolean
is_tail_finished(struct sampler_voice
*v
)
80 if (v
->layer
->cutoff
== -1)
82 double eps
= 1.0 / 65536.0;
83 if (cbox_biquadf_is_audible(&v
->filter_left
, eps
))
85 if (cbox_biquadf_is_audible(&v
->filter_right
, eps
))
87 if (is_4pole(v
->layer
))
89 if (cbox_biquadf_is_audible(&v
->filter_left2
, eps
))
91 if (cbox_biquadf_is_audible(&v
->filter_right2
, eps
))
98 static inline void mix_block_into_with_gain(cbox_sample_t
**outputs
, int oofs
, float *src_left
, float *src_right
, float gain
)
100 cbox_sample_t
*dst_left
= outputs
[oofs
];
101 cbox_sample_t
*dst_right
= outputs
[oofs
+ 1];
102 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
; i
++)
104 dst_left
[i
] += gain
* src_left
[i
];
105 dst_right
[i
] += gain
* src_right
[i
];
109 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
111 void sampler_voice_activate(struct sampler_voice
*v
, enum sampler_player_type mode
)
113 assert(v
->gen
.mode
== spt_inactive
);
114 sampler_voice_unlink(&v
->program
->module
->voices_free
, v
);
115 assert(mode
!= spt_inactive
);
118 sampler_voice_link(&v
->channel
->voices_running
, v
);
121 void sampler_voice_start(struct sampler_voice
*v
, struct sampler_channel
*c
, struct sampler_layer_data
*l
, int note
, int vel
, int *exgroups
, int *pexgroupcount
)
123 struct sampler_module
*m
= c
->module
;
124 sampler_gen_reset(&v
->gen
);
127 if (l
->trigger
== stm_release
)
129 // time since last 'note on' for that note
130 v
->age
= m
->current_time
- c
->prev_note_start_time
[note
];
131 double age
= v
->age
* m
->module
.srate_inv
;
132 // if attenuation is more than 84dB, ignore the release trigger
133 if (age
* l
->rt_decay
> 84)
136 uint32_t end
= l
->eff_waveform
->info
.frames
;
138 end
= (l
->end
== -1) ? 0 : l
->end
;
139 v
->last_waveform
= l
->eff_waveform
;
140 v
->gen
.cur_sample_end
= end
;
141 if (end
> l
->eff_waveform
->info
.frames
)
142 end
= l
->eff_waveform
->info
.frames
;
144 assert(!v
->current_pipe
);
145 if (end
> l
->eff_waveform
->preloaded_frames
)
147 if (l
->loop_mode
== slm_loop_continuous
&& l
->loop_end
< l
->eff_waveform
->preloaded_frames
)
149 // Everything fits in prefetch, because loop ends in prefetch and post-loop part is not being played
153 uint32_t loop_start
= -1, loop_end
= end
;
154 // If in loop mode, set the loop over the looped part... unless we're doing sustain-only loop on prefetch area only. Then
155 // streaming will only cover the release part, and it shouldn't be looped.
156 if (l
->loop_mode
== slm_loop_continuous
|| (l
->loop_mode
== slm_loop_sustain
&& l
->loop_end
>= l
->eff_waveform
->preloaded_frames
))
158 loop_start
= l
->loop_start
;
159 loop_end
= l
->loop_end
;
161 // Those are initial values only, they will be adjusted in process function
162 v
->current_pipe
= cbox_prefetch_stack_pop(m
->pipe_stack
, l
->eff_waveform
, loop_start
, loop_end
, l
->count
);
163 if (!v
->current_pipe
)
164 g_warning("Prefetch pipe pool exhausted, no streaming playback will be possible");
168 v
->output_pair_no
= l
->output
% m
->output_pairs
;
169 v
->serial_no
= m
->serial_no
;
171 uint32_t pos
= l
->offset
;
173 if (l
->offset_random
)
174 pos
+= ((uint32_t)(rand() + (rand() << 16))) % l
->offset_random
;
177 v
->gen
.bigpos
= ((uint64_t)pos
) << 32;
179 float delay
= l
->delay
;
181 delay
+= rand() * (1.0 / RAND_MAX
) * l
->delay_random
;
183 v
->delay
= (int)(delay
* m
->module
.srate
);
186 v
->gen
.loop_overlap
= l
->loop_overlap
;
187 v
->gen
.loop_overlap_step
= l
->loop_overlap
> 0 ? 1.0 / l
->loop_overlap
: 0;
188 v
->gain_fromvel
= 1.0 + (l
->eff_velcurve
[vel
] - 1.0) * l
->amp_veltrack
* 0.01;
194 v
->released_with_sustain
= 0;
195 v
->released_with_sostenuto
= 0;
196 v
->captured_sostenuto
= 0;
199 v
->program
= c
->program
;
200 v
->amp_env
.shape
= &l
->amp_env_shape
;
201 v
->filter_env
.shape
= &l
->filter_env_shape
;
202 v
->pitch_env
.shape
= &l
->pitch_env_shape
;
204 v
->cutoff_shift
= vel
* l
->fil_veltrack
/ 127.0 + (note
- l
->fil_keycenter
) * l
->fil_keytrack
;
205 v
->loop_mode
= l
->loop_mode
;
206 v
->off_by
= l
->off_by
;
207 int auxes
= (m
->module
.outputs
- m
->module
.aux_offset
) / 2;
208 if (l
->effect1bus
>= 1 && l
->effect1bus
< 1 + auxes
)
209 v
->send1bus
= l
->effect1bus
;
212 if (l
->effect2bus
>= 1 && l
->effect2bus
< 1 + auxes
)
213 v
->send2bus
= l
->effect2bus
;
216 v
->send1gain
= l
->effect1
* 0.01;
217 v
->send2gain
= l
->effect2
* 0.01;
218 if (l
->group
>= 1 && *pexgroupcount
< MAX_RELEASED_GROUPS
)
220 gboolean found
= FALSE
;
221 for (int j
= 0; j
< *pexgroupcount
; j
++)
223 if (exgroups
[j
] == l
->group
)
231 exgroups
[(*pexgroupcount
)++] = l
->group
;
234 lfo_init(&v
->amp_lfo
, &l
->amp_lfo
, m
->module
.srate
, m
->module
.srate_inv
);
235 lfo_init(&v
->filter_lfo
, &l
->filter_lfo
, m
->module
.srate
, m
->module
.srate_inv
);
236 lfo_init(&v
->pitch_lfo
, &l
->pitch_lfo
, m
->module
.srate
, m
->module
.srate_inv
);
238 cbox_biquadf_reset(&v
->filter_left
);
239 cbox_biquadf_reset(&v
->filter_right
);
240 cbox_biquadf_reset(&v
->filter_left2
);
241 cbox_biquadf_reset(&v
->filter_right2
);
243 GSList
*nif
= v
->layer
->nifs
;
246 struct sampler_noteinitfunc
*p
= nif
->data
;
251 cbox_envelope_reset(&v
->amp_env
);
252 cbox_envelope_reset(&v
->filter_env
);
253 cbox_envelope_reset(&v
->pitch_env
);
255 sampler_voice_activate(v
, l
->eff_waveform
->info
.channels
== 2 ? spt_stereo16
: spt_mono16
);
257 if (v
->current_pipe
&& v
->gen
.bigpos
)
258 cbox_prefetch_pipe_consumed(v
->current_pipe
, v
->gen
.bigpos
>> 32);
261 void sampler_voice_link(struct sampler_voice
**pv
, struct sampler_voice
*v
)
270 void sampler_voice_unlink(struct sampler_voice
**pv
, struct sampler_voice
*v
)
275 v
->prev
->next
= v
->next
;
277 v
->next
->prev
= v
->prev
;
282 void sampler_voice_inactivate(struct sampler_voice
*v
, gboolean expect_active
)
284 assert((v
->gen
.mode
!= spt_inactive
) == expect_active
);
285 sampler_voice_unlink(&v
->channel
->voices_running
, v
);
286 v
->gen
.mode
= spt_inactive
;
289 cbox_prefetch_stack_push(v
->program
->module
->pipe_stack
, v
->current_pipe
);
290 v
->current_pipe
= NULL
;
293 sampler_voice_link(&v
->program
->module
->voices_free
, v
);
296 void sampler_voice_release(struct sampler_voice
*v
, gboolean is_polyaft
)
298 if ((v
->loop_mode
== slm_one_shot_chokeable
) != is_polyaft
)
300 if (v
->delay
>= v
->age
+ CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
)
303 sampler_voice_inactivate(v
, TRUE
);
307 if (v
->loop_mode
!= slm_one_shot
&& !v
->layer
->count
)
310 if (v
->loop_mode
== slm_loop_sustain
&& v
->current_pipe
)
313 v
->current_pipe
->file_loop_end
= v
->gen
.cur_sample_end
;
314 v
->current_pipe
->file_loop_start
= -1;
320 void sampler_voice_process(struct sampler_voice
*v
, struct sampler_module
*m
, cbox_sample_t
**outputs
)
322 struct sampler_layer_data
*l
= v
->layer
;
323 assert(v
->gen
.mode
!= spt_inactive
);
325 // if it's a DAHD envelope without sustain, consider the note finished
326 if (v
->amp_env
.cur_stage
== 4 && v
->amp_env
.shape
->stages
[3].end_value
<= 0.f
)
327 cbox_envelope_go_to(&v
->amp_env
, 15);
329 struct sampler_channel
*c
= v
->channel
;
330 v
->age
+= CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
;
332 if (v
->age
< v
->delay
)
335 if (v
->last_waveform
!= v
->layer
->eff_waveform
)
337 v
->last_waveform
= v
->layer
->eff_waveform
;
338 if (v
->layer
->eff_waveform
)
340 v
->gen
.mode
= v
->layer
->eff_waveform
->info
.channels
== 2 ? spt_stereo16
: spt_mono16
;
341 v
->gen
.cur_sample_end
= v
->layer
->eff_waveform
->info
.frames
;
345 sampler_voice_inactivate(v
, TRUE
);
349 // XXXKF I'm sacrificing sample accuracy for delays for now
352 float pitch
= (v
->note
- l
->pitch_keycenter
) * l
->pitch_keytrack
+ l
->tune
+ l
->transpose
* 100 + v
->pitch_shift
;
353 float modsrcs
[smsrc_pernote_count
];
354 modsrcs
[smsrc_vel
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = v
->vel
* (1.f
/ 127.f
);
355 modsrcs
[smsrc_pitch
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = pitch
* (1.f
/ 100.f
);
356 modsrcs
[smsrc_polyaft
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = 0.f
; // XXXKF not supported yet
357 modsrcs
[smsrc_pitchenv
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = cbox_envelope_get_next(&v
->pitch_env
, v
->released
) * 0.01f
;
358 modsrcs
[smsrc_filenv
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = cbox_envelope_get_next(&v
->filter_env
, v
->released
) * 0.01f
;
359 modsrcs
[smsrc_ampenv
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = cbox_envelope_get_next(&v
->amp_env
, v
->released
) * 0.01f
;
361 modsrcs
[smsrc_amplfo
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = lfo_run(&v
->amp_lfo
);
362 modsrcs
[smsrc_fillfo
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = lfo_run(&v
->filter_lfo
);
363 modsrcs
[smsrc_pitchlfo
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] = lfo_run(&v
->pitch_lfo
);
365 if (v
->amp_env
.cur_stage
< 0)
367 if (is_tail_finished(v
))
369 sampler_voice_inactivate(v
, TRUE
);
374 float moddests
[smdestcount
];
375 moddests
[smdest_gain
] = 0;
376 moddests
[smdest_pitch
] = pitch
;
377 moddests
[smdest_cutoff
] = v
->cutoff_shift
;
378 moddests
[smdest_resonance
] = 0;
379 GSList
*mod
= l
->modulations
;
380 if (l
->trigger
== stm_release
)
381 moddests
[smdest_gain
] -= v
->age
* l
->rt_decay
* m
->module
.srate_inv
;
384 moddests
[smdest_pitch
] += c
->pitchwheel
* (c
->pitchwheel
> 0 ? l
->bend_up
: l
->bend_down
) >> 13;
386 static const int modoffset
[4] = {0, -1, -1, 1 };
387 static const int modscale
[4] = {1, 1, 2, -2 };
390 struct sampler_modulation
*sm
= mod
->data
;
391 float value
= 0.f
, value2
= 1.f
;
392 if (sm
->src
< smsrc_pernote_offset
)
393 value
= c
->cc
[sm
->src
] * (1.f
/ 127.f
);
395 value
= modsrcs
[sm
->src
- smsrc_pernote_offset
];
396 value
= modoffset
[sm
->flags
& 3] + value
* modscale
[sm
->flags
& 3];
398 if (sm
->src2
!= smsrc_none
)
400 if (sm
->src2
< smsrc_pernote_offset
)
401 value2
= c
->cc
[sm
->src2
] * (1.f
/ 127.f
);
403 value2
= modsrcs
[sm
->src2
- smsrc_pernote_offset
];
405 value2
= modoffset
[(sm
->flags
& 12) >> 2] + value2
* modscale
[(sm
->flags
& 12) >> 2];
408 moddests
[sm
->dest
] += value
* sm
->amount
;
410 mod
= g_slist_next(mod
);
413 double maxv
= 127 << 7;
414 double freq
= l
->eff_freq
* cent2factor(moddests
[smdest_pitch
]) ;
415 uint64_t freq64
= (uint64_t)(freq
* 65536.0 * 65536.0 * m
->module
.srate_inv
);
417 gboolean playing_sustain_loop
= !v
->released
&& v
->loop_mode
== slm_loop_sustain
;
418 uint32_t loop_start
, loop_end
;
419 gboolean bandlimited
= FALSE
;
421 if (!v
->current_pipe
)
423 v
->gen
.sample_data
= v
->last_waveform
->data
;
424 if (v
->last_waveform
->levels
)
426 // XXXKF: optimise later by caching last lookup value
427 // XXXKF: optimise later by using binary search
428 for (int i
= 0; i
< v
->last_waveform
->level_count
; i
++)
430 if (freq64
<= v
->last_waveform
->levels
[i
].max_rate
)
432 v
->gen
.sample_data
= v
->last_waveform
->levels
[i
].data
;
441 gboolean play_loop
= v
->layer
->loop_end
&& (v
->loop_mode
== slm_loop_continuous
|| playing_sustain_loop
) && v
->layer
->on_cc_number
== -1;
442 loop_start
= play_loop
? v
->layer
->loop_start
: (v
->layer
->count
? 0 : (uint32_t)-1);
443 loop_end
= play_loop
? v
->layer
->loop_end
: v
->gen
.cur_sample_end
;
447 v
->gen
.sample_data
= v
->gen
.loop_count
? v
->current_pipe
->data
: v
->last_waveform
->data
;
448 v
->gen
.streaming_buffer
= v
->current_pipe
->data
;
450 v
->gen
.prefetch_only_loop
= (loop_end
< v
->last_waveform
->preloaded_frames
);
451 v
->gen
.loop_overlap
= 0;
452 if (v
->gen
.prefetch_only_loop
)
454 assert(!v
->gen
.in_streaming_buffer
); // XXXKF this won't hold true when loops are edited while sound is being played (but that's not supported yet anyway)
455 v
->gen
.loop_start
= loop_start
;
456 v
->gen
.loop_end
= loop_end
;
457 v
->gen
.streaming_buffer_frames
= 0;
461 v
->gen
.loop_start
= 0;
462 v
->gen
.loop_end
= v
->last_waveform
->preloaded_frames
;
463 v
->gen
.streaming_buffer_frames
= v
->current_pipe
->buffer_loop_end
;
468 v
->gen
.loop_count
= v
->layer
->count
;
469 v
->gen
.loop_start
= loop_start
;
470 v
->gen
.loop_end
= loop_end
;
474 // Use pre-calculated join
475 v
->gen
.scratch
= loop_start
== (uint32_t)-1 ? v
->layer
->scratch_end
: v
->layer
->scratch_loop
;
479 // The standard waveforms have extra MAX_INTERPOLATION_ORDER of samples from the loop start added past loop_end,
480 // to avoid wasting time generating the joins in all the practical cases. The slow path covers custom loops
481 // (i.e. partial loop or no loop) over bandlimited versions of the standard waveforms, and those are probably
482 // not very useful anyway, as changing the loop removes the guarantee of the waveform being bandlimited and
483 // may cause looping artifacts or introduce DC offset (e.g. if only a positive part of a sine wave is looped).
484 if (loop_start
== 0 && loop_end
== l
->eff_waveform
->info
.frames
)
485 v
->gen
.scratch
= v
->gen
.sample_data
+ l
->eff_waveform
->info
.frames
- MAX_INTERPOLATION_ORDER
;
488 // Generate the join for the current wave level
489 // XXXKF this could be optimised further, by checking if waveform and loops are the same as the last
490 // time. However, this code is
491 int shift
= l
->eff_waveform
->info
.channels
== 2 ? 1 : 0;
492 uint32_t halfscratch
= MAX_INTERPOLATION_ORDER
<< shift
;
494 v
->gen
.scratch
= v
->gen
.scratch_bandlimited
;
495 memcpy(&v
->gen
.scratch_bandlimited
[0], &v
->gen
.sample_data
[(loop_end
- MAX_INTERPOLATION_ORDER
) << shift
], halfscratch
* sizeof(int16_t) );
496 if (loop_start
!= (uint32_t)-1)
497 memcpy(v
->gen
.scratch_bandlimited
+ halfscratch
, &v
->gen
.sample_data
[loop_start
<< shift
], halfscratch
* sizeof(int16_t));
499 memset(v
->gen
.scratch_bandlimited
+ halfscratch
, 0, halfscratch
* sizeof(int16_t));
505 v
->gen
.bigdelta
= freq64
;
506 float gain
= modsrcs
[smsrc_ampenv
- smsrc_pernote_offset
] * l
->volume_linearized
* v
->gain_fromvel
* sampler_channel_addcc(c
, 7) * sampler_channel_addcc(c
, 11) / (maxv
* maxv
);
507 if (moddests
[smdest_gain
] != 0.f
)
508 gain
*= dB2gain(moddests
[smdest_gain
]);
509 // http://drealm.info/sfz/plj-sfz.xhtml#amp "The overall gain must remain in the range -144 to 6 decibels."
512 float pan
= (l
->pan
+ 100.f
) * (1.f
/ 200.f
) + (sampler_channel_addcc(c
, 10) * 1.f
/ maxv
- 0.5f
) * 2.f
;
517 v
->gen
.lgain
= gain
* (1.f
- pan
) / 32768.f
;
518 v
->gen
.rgain
= gain
* pan
/ 32768.f
;
519 if (l
->cutoff
!= -1.f
)
521 float cutoff
= l
->cutoff
* cent2factor(moddests
[smdest_cutoff
]);
524 if (cutoff
> m
->module
.srate
* 0.45f
)
525 cutoff
= m
->module
.srate
* 0.45f
;
526 //float resonance = v->resonance*pow(32.0,c->cc[71]/maxv);
527 float resonance
= l
->resonance_linearized
* dB2gain(moddests
[smdest_resonance
]);
528 if (resonance
< 0.7f
)
530 if (resonance
> 32.f
)
532 // XXXKF this is found experimentally and probably far off from correct formula
533 if (is_4pole(v
->layer
))
534 resonance
= sqrtf(resonance
/ 0.707f
) * 0.5f
;
539 cbox_biquadf_set_lp_rbj(&v
->filter_coeffs
, cutoff
, resonance
, m
->module
.srate
);
543 cbox_biquadf_set_hp_rbj(&v
->filter_coeffs
, cutoff
, resonance
, m
->module
.srate
);
547 cbox_biquadf_set_bp_rbj(&v
->filter_coeffs
, cutoff
, resonance
, m
->module
.srate
);
550 cbox_biquadf_set_1plp(&v
->filter_coeffs
, cutoff
, m
->module
.srate
);
553 cbox_biquadf_set_1php(&v
->filter_coeffs
, cutoff
, m
->module
.srate
);
560 float left
[CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
], right
[CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
];
562 uint32_t samples
= 0;
567 uint32_t limit
= cbox_prefetch_pipe_get_remaining(v
->current_pipe
) - 4;
569 v
->gen
.mode
= spt_inactive
;
572 samples
= sampler_gen_sample_playback(&v
->gen
, left
, right
, limit
);
573 cbox_prefetch_pipe_consumed(v
->current_pipe
, v
->gen
.consumed
);
579 samples
= sampler_gen_sample_playback(&v
->gen
, left
, right
, (uint32_t)-1);
582 for (int i
= samples
; i
< CBOX_BLOCK_SIZE
; i
++)
583 left
[i
] = right
[i
] = 0.f
;
586 cbox_biquadf_process(&v
->filter_left
, &v
->filter_coeffs
, left
);
587 if (is_4pole(v
->layer
))
588 cbox_biquadf_process(&v
->filter_left2
, &v
->filter_coeffs
, left
);
589 cbox_biquadf_process(&v
->filter_right
, &v
->filter_coeffs
, right
);
590 if (is_4pole(v
->layer
))
591 cbox_biquadf_process(&v
->filter_right2
, &v
->filter_coeffs
, right
);
593 mix_block_into_with_gain(outputs
, v
->output_pair_no
* 2, left
, right
, 1.f
);
594 if ((v
->send1bus
> 0 && v
->send1gain
!= 0) || (v
->send2bus
> 0 && v
->send2gain
!= 0))
596 if (v
->send1bus
> 0 && v
->send1gain
!= 0)
598 int oofs
= m
->module
.aux_offset
+ (v
->send1bus
- 1) * 2;
599 mix_block_into_with_gain(outputs
, oofs
, left
, right
, v
->send1gain
);
601 if (v
->send2bus
> 0 && v
->send2gain
!= 0)
603 int oofs
= m
->module
.aux_offset
+ (v
->send2bus
- 1) * 2;
604 mix_block_into_with_gain(outputs
, oofs
, left
, right
, v
->send2gain
);
607 if (v
->gen
.mode
== spt_inactive
)
608 sampler_voice_inactivate(v
, FALSE
);