barvinok/evalue.h: make more self-contained

[barvinok.git] / lexmin.cc

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <gmp.h>
#include <NTL/vec_ZZ.h>
#include <NTL/mat_ZZ.h>
extern "C" {
#include <polylib/polylibgmp.h>
}
#include <barvinok/barvinok.h>
#include <barvinok/evalue.h>
#include <barvinok/util.h>
#include "conversion.h"
#include "decomposer.h"
#include "lattice_point.h"
#include "reduce_domain.h"
#include "mat_util.h"
#include "combine.h"
#include "sample.h"
#include "fdstream.h"
#include "config.h"

#ifdef NTL_STD_CXX
using namespace NTL;
#endif

using std::vector;
using std::cerr;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::ostream;

#ifdef HAVE_GROWING_CHERNIKOVA
#define MAXRAYS    (POL_NO_DUAL | POL_INTEGER)
#else
#define MAXRAYS  600
#endif

/* RANGE : normal range for evalutations (-RANGE -> RANGE) */
#define RANGE 50

/* SRANGE : small range for evalutations */
#define SRANGE 15

/* if dimension >= BIDDIM, use SRANGE */
#define BIGDIM 5

/* VSRANGE : very small range for evalutations */
#define VSRANGE 5

/* if dimension >= VBIDDIM, use VSRANGE */
#define VBIGDIM 8

#ifndef HAVE_GETOPT_H
#define getopt_long(a,b,c,d,e) getopt(a,b,c)
#else
#include <getopt.h>
struct option options[] = {
    { "verify",     no_argument,  0,  'T' },
    { "print-all",  no_argument,  0,  'A' },
    { "min",        required_argument,  0,  'm' },
    { "max",        required_argument,  0,  'M' },
    { "range",      required_argument,  0,  'r' },
    { "version",    no_argument,  0,  'V' },
    { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
#endif

#define ALLOCN(type,n) (type*)malloc((n) * sizeof(type))

static int type_offset(enode *p)
{
   return p->type == fractional ? 1 : 
          p->type == flooring ? 1 : 0;
}

static void evalue_print(std::ostream& o, evalue *e, char **p);
static void evalue_print(std::ostream& o, evalue *e, char **p, int d)
{
    if (value_notzero_p(e->d)) {
        o << VALUE_TO_INT(e->x.n) * (d / VALUE_TO_INT(e->d));
        return;
    }
    assert(e->x.p->type == polynomial || e->x.p->type == flooring ||
           e->x.p->type == fractional);
    int offset = type_offset(e->x.p);
    for (int i = e->x.p->size-1; i >= offset; --i) {
        if (EVALUE_IS_ZERO(e->x.p->arr[i]))
            continue;
        if (i != e->x.p->size-1 && 
                (value_zero_p(e->x.p->arr[i].d) ||
                value_pos_p(e->x.p->arr[i].x.n)))
            o << "+";
        if (i == offset || !(value_one_p(e->x.p->arr[i].x.n) && 
                             d == VALUE_TO_INT(e->x.p->arr[i].d))) {
            if (value_zero_p(e->x.p->arr[i].d))
                o << "(";
            evalue_print(o, &e->x.p->arr[i], p, d);
            if (value_zero_p(e->x.p->arr[i].d))
                o << ")";
            if (i != offset)
                o << "*";
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < i-offset; ++j) {
            if (j != 0)
                o << "*";
            if (e->x.p->type == flooring) {
                o << "[";
                evalue_print(o, &e->x.p->arr[0], p);
                o << "]";
            } else if (e->x.p->type == fractional) {
                o << "{";
                evalue_print(o, &e->x.p->arr[0], p);
                o << "}";
            } else
                o << p[e->x.p->pos-1];
        }
    }
}

static void evalue_print(std::ostream& o, evalue *e, char **p)
{
    Value d;
    value_init(d);
    value_set_si(d, 1);
    evalue_denom(e, &d);
    if (value_notone_p(d))
        o << "(";
    evalue_print(o, e, p, VALUE_TO_INT(d));
    if (value_notone_p(d))
        o << ")/" << VALUE_TO_INT(d);
    value_clear(d);
}

struct indicator_term {
    int sign;
    mat_ZZ den;
    evalue **vertex;

    indicator_term(unsigned dim) {
        den.SetDims(dim, dim);
        vertex = new evalue* [dim];
    }
    indicator_term(const indicator_term& src) {
        sign = src.sign;
        den = src.den;
        unsigned dim = den.NumCols();
        vertex = new evalue* [dim];
        for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
            vertex[i] = new evalue();
            value_init(vertex[i]->d);
            evalue_copy(vertex[i], src.vertex[i]);
        }
    }
    ~indicator_term() {
        unsigned dim = den.NumCols();
        for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
            free_evalue_refs(vertex[i]);
            delete vertex[i];
        }
        delete [] vertex;
    }
    void print(ostream& os, char **p);
    void substitute(Matrix *T);
    void substitute(evalue *fract, evalue *val);
    void substitute(int pos, evalue *val);
    void reduce_in_domain(Polyhedron *D);
};

void indicator_term::reduce_in_domain(Polyhedron *D)
{
    for (int k = 0; k < den.NumCols(); ++k) {
        reduce_evalue_in_domain(vertex[k], D);
        if (evalue_range_reduction_in_domain(vertex[k], D))
            reduce_evalue(vertex[k]);
    }
}

void indicator_term::print(ostream& os, char **p)
{
    unsigned dim = den.NumCols();
    unsigned factors = den.NumRows();
    if (sign > 0)
        os << " + ";
    else
        os << " - ";
    os << '[';
    for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
        if (i)
            os << ',';
        evalue_print(os, vertex[i], p);
    }
    os << ']';
    for (int i = 0; i < factors; ++i) {
        os << " + t" << i << "*[";
        for (int j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
            if (j)
                os << ',';
            os << den[i][j];
        }
        os << "]";
    }
}

/* Perform the substitution specified by T on the variables.
 * T has dimension (newdim+nparam+1) x (olddim + nparam + 1).
 * The substitution is performed as in gen_fun::substitute
 */
void indicator_term::substitute(Matrix *T)
{
    unsigned dim = den.NumCols();
    unsigned nparam = T->NbColumns - dim - 1;
    unsigned newdim = T->NbRows - nparam - 1;
    evalue **newvertex;
    mat_ZZ trans;
    matrix2zz(T, trans, newdim, dim);
    trans = transpose(trans);
    den *= trans;
    newvertex = new evalue* [newdim];

    vec_ZZ v;
    v.SetLength(nparam+1);

    evalue factor;
    value_init(factor.d);
    value_set_si(factor.d, 1);
    value_init(factor.x.n);
    for (int i = 0; i < newdim; ++i) {
        values2zz(T->p[i]+dim, v, nparam+1);
        newvertex[i] = multi_monom(v);

        for (int j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
            if (value_zero_p(T->p[i][j]))
                continue;
            evalue term;
            value_init(term.d);
            evalue_copy(&term, vertex[j]);
            value_assign(factor.x.n, T->p[i][j]);
            emul(&factor, &term);
            eadd(&term, newvertex[i]);
            free_evalue_refs(&term);
        }
    }
    free_evalue_refs(&factor);
    for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
        free_evalue_refs(vertex[i]);
        delete vertex[i];
    }
    delete [] vertex;
    vertex = newvertex;
}

static void substitute(evalue *e, evalue *fract, evalue *val)
{
    evalue *t;

    for (t = e; value_zero_p(t->d); t = &t->x.p->arr[type_offset(t->x.p)]) {
        if (t->x.p->type == fractional && eequal(&t->x.p->arr[0], fract))
            break;
    }
    if (value_notzero_p(t->d))
        return;

    free_evalue_refs(&t->x.p->arr[0]);
    evalue *term = &t->x.p->arr[2];
    enode *p = t->x.p;
    value_clear(t->d);
    *t = t->x.p->arr[1];

    emul(val, term);
    eadd(term, e);
    free_evalue_refs(term);
    free(p);

    reduce_evalue(e);
}

void indicator_term::substitute(evalue *fract, evalue *val)
{
    unsigned dim = den.NumCols();
    for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
        ::substitute(vertex[i], fract, val);
    }
}

static void substitute(evalue *e, int pos, evalue *val)
{
    evalue *t;

    for (t = e; value_zero_p(t->d); t = &t->x.p->arr[type_offset(t->x.p)]) {
        if (t->x.p->type == polynomial && t->x.p->pos == pos)
            break;
    }
    if (value_notzero_p(t->d))
        return;

    evalue *term = &t->x.p->arr[1];
    enode *p = t->x.p;
    value_clear(t->d);
    *t = t->x.p->arr[0];

    emul(val, term);
    eadd(term, e);
    free_evalue_refs(term);
    free(p);

    reduce_evalue(e);
}

void indicator_term::substitute(int pos, evalue *val)
{
    unsigned dim = den.NumCols();
    for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
        ::substitute(vertex[i], pos, val);
    }
}

struct indicator_constructor : public polar_decomposer, public vertex_decomposer {
    vec_ZZ vertex;
    vector<indicator_term*> *terms;

    indicator_constructor(Polyhedron *P, unsigned dim, unsigned nbV) :
                vertex_decomposer(P, nbV, this) {
        vertex.SetLength(dim);
        terms = new vector<indicator_term*>[nbV];
    }
    ~indicator_constructor() {
        for (int i = 0; i < nbV; ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < terms[i].size(); ++j)
                delete terms[i][j];
        delete [] terms;
    }
    void substitute(Matrix *T);
    void normalize();
    void print(ostream& os, char **p);

    virtual void handle_polar(Polyhedron *P, int sign);
};

static void evalue_add_constant(evalue *e, ZZ v)
{
    Value tmp;
    value_init(tmp);

    /* go down to constant term */
    while (value_zero_p(e->d))
        e = &e->x.p->arr[type_offset(e->x.p)];
    /* and add v */
    zz2value(v, tmp);
    value_multiply(tmp, tmp, e->d);
    value_addto(e->x.n, e->x.n, tmp);

    value_clear(tmp);
}

void indicator_constructor::handle_polar(Polyhedron *C, int s)
{
    unsigned dim = vertex.length();

    assert(C->NbRays-1 == dim);

    indicator_term *term = new indicator_term(dim);
    term->sign = s;
    terms[vert].push_back(term);

    lattice_point(V, C, vertex, term->vertex);

    for (int r = 0; r < dim; ++r) {
        values2zz(C->Ray[r]+1, term->den[r], dim);
        for (int j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
            if (term->den[r][j] == 0)
                continue;
            if (term->den[r][j] > 0)
                break;
            term->sign = -term->sign;
            term->den[r] = -term->den[r];
            vertex += term->den[r];
            break;
        }
    }
    lex_order_rows(term->den);

    for (int i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
        if (!term->vertex[i]) {
            term->vertex[i] = new evalue();
            value_init(term->vertex[i]->d);
            value_init(term->vertex[i]->x.n);
            zz2value(vertex[i], term->vertex[i]->x.n);
            value_set_si(term->vertex[i]->d, 1);
            continue;
        }
        if (vertex[i] == 0)
            continue;
        evalue_add_constant(term->vertex[i], vertex[i]);
    }
}

void indicator_constructor::substitute(Matrix *T)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < nbV; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < terms[i].size(); ++j)
            terms[i][j]->substitute(T);
}

void indicator_constructor::print(ostream& os, char **p)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < nbV; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < terms[i].size(); ++j) {
            os << "i: " << i << ", j: " << j << endl;
            terms[i][j]->print(os, p);
            os << endl;
        }
}

void indicator_constructor::normalize()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < nbV; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < terms[i].size(); ++j) {
            vec_ZZ vertex;
            vertex.SetLength(terms[i][j]->den.NumCols());
            for (int r = 0; r < terms[i][j]->den.NumRows(); ++r) {
                for (int k = 0; k < terms[i][j]->den.NumCols(); ++k) {
                    if (terms[i][j]->den[r][k] == 0)
                        continue;
                    if (terms[i][j]->den[r][k] > 0)
                        break;
                    terms[i][j]->sign = -terms[i][j]->sign;
                    terms[i][j]->den[r] = -terms[i][j]->den[r];
                    vertex += terms[i][j]->den[r];
                    break;
                }
            }
            lex_order_rows(terms[i][j]->den);
            for (int k = 0; k < vertex.length(); ++k)
                if (vertex[k] != 0)
                    evalue_add_constant(terms[i][j]->vertex[k], vertex[k]);
        }
}

struct indicator {
    vector<indicator_term*> term;

    indicator() {}
    indicator(const indicator& ind) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ind.term.size(); ++i)
            term.push_back(new indicator_term(*ind.term[i]));
    }
    ~indicator() {
        for (int i = 0; i < term.size(); ++i)
            delete term[i];
    }

    void print(ostream& os, char **p);
    void simplify();
    void peel(int i, int j);
    void combine(int i, int j);
    void substitute(evalue *equation);
    void reduce_in_domain(Polyhedron *D);
};

void indicator::reduce_in_domain(Polyhedron *D)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < term.size(); ++i)
        term[i]->reduce_in_domain(D);
}

void indicator::print(ostream& os, char **p)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < term.size(); ++i) {
        term[i]->print(os, p);
        os << endl;
    }
}

/* Remove pairs of opposite terms */
void indicator::simplify()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < term.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = i+1; j < term.size(); ++j) {
            if (term[i]->sign + term[j]->sign != 0)
                continue;
            if (term[i]->den != term[j]->den)
                continue;
            int k;
            for (k = 0; k < term[i]->den.NumCols(); ++k)
                if (!eequal(term[i]->vertex[k], term[j]->vertex[k]))
                    break;
            if (k < term[i]->den.NumCols())
                continue;
            delete term[i];
            delete term[j];
            term.erase(term.begin()+j);
            term.erase(term.begin()+i);
            --i;
            break;
        }
    }
}

void indicator::peel(int i, int j)
{
    if (j < i) {
        int tmp = i;
        i = j;
        j = tmp;
    }
    assert (i < j);
    int dim = term[i]->den.NumCols();

    mat_ZZ common;
    mat_ZZ rest_i;
    mat_ZZ rest_j;
    int n_common = 0, n_i = 0, n_j = 0;

    common.SetDims(min(term[i]->den.NumRows(), term[j]->den.NumRows()), dim);
    rest_i.SetDims(term[i]->den.NumRows(), dim);
    rest_j.SetDims(term[j]->den.NumRows(), dim);

    int k, l;
    for (k = 0, l = 0; k < term[i]->den.NumRows() && l < term[j]->den.NumRows(); ) {
        int s = lex_cmp(term[i]->den[k], term[j]->den[l]);
        if (s == 0) {
            common[n_common++] = term[i]->den[k];
            ++k;
            ++l;
        } else if (s < 0)
            rest_i[n_i++] = term[i]->den[k++];
        else
            rest_j[n_j++] = term[j]->den[l++];
    }
    while (k < term[i]->den.NumRows())
        rest_i[n_i++] = term[i]->den[k++];
    while (l < term[j]->den.NumRows())
        rest_j[n_j++] = term[j]->den[l++];
    common.SetDims(n_common, dim);
    rest_i.SetDims(n_i, dim);
    rest_j.SetDims(n_j, dim);

    for (k = 0; k <= n_i; ++k) {
        indicator_term *it = new indicator_term(*term[i]);
        it->den.SetDims(n_common + k, dim);
        for (l = 0; l < n_common; ++l)
            it->den[l] = common[l];
        for (l = 0; l < k; ++l)
            it->den[n_common+l] = rest_i[l];
        lex_order_rows(it->den);
        if (k)
            for (l = 0; l < dim; ++l)
                evalue_add_constant(it->vertex[l], rest_i[k-1][l]);
        term.push_back(it);
    }

    for (k = 0; k <= n_j; ++k) {
        indicator_term *it = new indicator_term(*term[j]);
        it->den.SetDims(n_common + k, dim);
        for (l = 0; l < n_common; ++l)
            it->den[l] = common[l];
        for (l = 0; l < k; ++l)
            it->den[n_common+l] = rest_j[l];
        lex_order_rows(it->den);
        if (k)
            for (l = 0; l < dim; ++l)
                evalue_add_constant(it->vertex[l], rest_j[k-1][l]);
        term.push_back(it);
    }
    term.erase(term.begin()+j);
    term.erase(term.begin()+i);
}

void indicator::combine(int i, int j)
{
    if (j < i) {
        int tmp = i;
        i = j;
        j = tmp;
    }
    assert (i < j);
    int dim = term[i]->den.NumCols();

    mat_ZZ common;
    mat_ZZ rest_i;
    mat_ZZ rest_j;
    int n_common = 0, n_i = 0, n_j = 0;

    common.SetDims(min(term[i]->den.NumRows(), term[j]->den.NumRows()), dim);
    rest_i.SetDims(term[i]->den.NumRows(), dim);
    rest_j.SetDims(term[j]->den.NumRows(), dim);

    int k, l;
    for (k = 0, l = 0; k < term[i]->den.NumRows() && l < term[j]->den.NumRows(); ) {
        int s = lex_cmp(term[i]->den[k], term[j]->den[l]);
        if (s == 0) {
            common[n_common++] = term[i]->den[k];
            ++k;
            ++l;
        } else if (s < 0)
            rest_i[n_i++] = term[i]->den[k++];
        else
            rest_j[n_j++] = term[j]->den[l++];
    }
    while (k < term[i]->den.NumRows())
        rest_i[n_i++] = term[i]->den[k++];
    while (l < term[j]->den.NumRows())
        rest_j[n_j++] = term[j]->den[l++];
    common.SetDims(n_common, dim);
    rest_i.SetDims(n_i, dim);
    rest_j.SetDims(n_j, dim);

    assert(n_i < 30);
    assert(n_j < 30);

    for (k = 0; k < (1 << n_i); ++k) {
        indicator_term *it = new indicator_term(*term[j]);
        it->den.SetDims(n_common + n_i + n_j, dim);
        for (l = 0; l < n_common; ++l)
            it->den[l] = common[l];
        for (l = 0; l < n_i; ++l)
            it->den[n_common+l] = rest_i[l];
        for (l = 0; l < n_j; ++l)
            it->den[n_common+n_i+l] = rest_j[l];
        lex_order_rows(it->den);
        int change = 0;
        for (l = 0; l < n_i; ++l) {
            if (!(k & (1 <<l)))
                continue;
            change ^= 1;
            for (int m = 0; m < dim; ++m)
                evalue_add_constant(it->vertex[m], rest_i[l][m]);
        }
        if (change)
            it->sign = -it->sign;
        term.push_back(it);
    }

    for (k = 0; k < (1 << n_j); ++k) {
        indicator_term *it = new indicator_term(*term[i]);
        it->den.SetDims(n_common + n_i + n_j, dim);
        for (l = 0; l < n_common; ++l)
            it->den[l] = common[l];
        for (l = 0; l < n_i; ++l)
            it->den[n_common+l] = rest_i[l];
        for (l = 0; l < n_j; ++l)
            it->den[n_common+n_i+l] = rest_j[l];
        lex_order_rows(it->den);
        int change = 0;
        for (l = 0; l < n_j; ++l) {
            if (!(k & (1 <<l)))
                continue;
            change ^= 1;
            for (int m = 0; m < dim; ++m)
                evalue_add_constant(it->vertex[m], rest_j[l][m]);
        }
        if (change)
            it->sign = -it->sign;
        term.push_back(it);
    }
    delete term[i];
    delete term[j];
    term.erase(term.begin()+j);
    term.erase(term.begin()+i);
}

void indicator::substitute(evalue *equation)
{
    evalue *fract = NULL;
    evalue *val = new evalue;
    value_init(val->d);
    evalue_copy(val, equation);

    evalue factor;
    value_init(factor.d);
    value_init(factor.x.n);

    evalue *e;
    for (e = val; value_zero_p(e->d) && e->x.p->type != fractional;
         e = &e->x.p->arr[type_offset(e->x.p)])
        ;

    if (value_zero_p(e->d) && e->x.p->type == fractional)
        fract = &e->x.p->arr[0];
    else {
        for (e = val; value_zero_p(e->d) && e->x.p->type != polynomial;
             e = &e->x.p->arr[type_offset(e->x.p)])
            ;
        assert(value_zero_p(e->d) && e->x.p->type == polynomial);
    }

    int offset = type_offset(e->x.p);

    assert(value_notzero_p(e->x.p->arr[offset+1].d));
    assert(value_notzero_p(e->x.p->arr[offset+1].x.n));
    if (value_neg_p(e->x.p->arr[offset+1].x.n)) {
        value_oppose(factor.d, e->x.p->arr[offset+1].x.n);
        value_assign(factor.x.n, e->x.p->arr[offset+1].d);
    } else {
        value_assign(factor.d, e->x.p->arr[offset+1].x.n);
        value_oppose(factor.x.n, e->x.p->arr[offset+1].d);
    }

    free_evalue_refs(&e->x.p->arr[offset+1]);
    enode *p = e->x.p;
    value_clear(e->d);
    *e = e->x.p->arr[offset];

    emul(&factor, val);

    if (fract) {
        for (int i = 0; i < term.size(); ++i)
            term[i]->substitute(fract, val);

        free_evalue_refs(&p->arr[0]);
    } else {
        for (int i = 0; i < term.size(); ++i)
            term[i]->substitute(p->pos, val);
    }

    free_evalue_refs(&factor);
    free_evalue_refs(val);
    delete val;

    free(p);
}

static void add_coeff(Value *cons, int len, evalue *coeff, int pos)
{
    Value tmp;

    assert(value_notzero_p(coeff->d));

    value_init(tmp);

    value_lcm(cons[0], coeff->d, &tmp);
    value_division(tmp, tmp, cons[0]);
    Vector_Scale(cons, cons, tmp, len);
    value_division(tmp, cons[0], coeff->d);
    value_addmul(cons[pos], tmp, coeff->x.n);

    value_clear(tmp);
}

struct EDomain {
    Polyhedron          *D;
    Vector              *sample;
    vector<evalue *>    floors;

    EDomain(Polyhedron *D) {
        this->D = Polyhedron_Copy(D);
        sample = NULL;
    }
    EDomain(Polyhedron *D, vector<evalue *>floors) {
        this->D = Polyhedron_Copy(D);
        add_floors(floors);
        sample = NULL;
    }
    EDomain(Polyhedron *D, EDomain *ED, vector<evalue *>floors) {
        this->D = Polyhedron_Copy(D);
        add_floors(ED->floors);
        add_floors(floors);
        sample = NULL;
    }
    void add_floors(vector<evalue *>floors) {
        for (int i = 0; i < floors.size(); ++i) {
            evalue *f = new evalue;
            value_init(f->d);
            evalue_copy(f, floors[i]);
            this->floors.push_back(f);
        }
    }
    int find_floor(evalue *needle) {
        for (int i = 0; i < floors.size(); ++i)
            if (eequal(needle, floors[i]))
                return i;
        return -1;
    }
    void print(FILE *out, char **p);
    ~EDomain() {
        for (int i = 0; i < floors.size(); ++i) {
            free_evalue_refs(floors[i]);
            delete floors[i];
        }
        Polyhedron_Free(D);
        if (sample)
            Vector_Free(sample);
    }
};

void EDomain::print(FILE *out, char **p)
{
    fdostream os(dup(fileno(out)));
    for (int i = 0; i < floors.size(); ++i) {
        os << "floor " << i << ": [";
        evalue_print(os, floors[i], p);
        os << "]" << endl;
    }
    Polyhedron_Print(out, P_VALUE_FMT, D);
}

static int evalue2constraint_r(EDomain *D, evalue *E, Value *cons, int len);

static void add_fract(evalue *e, Value *cons, int len, int pos)
{
    evalue mone;
    value_init(mone.d);
    evalue_set_si(&mone, -1, 1);

    /* contribution of alpha * fract(X) is 
     *      alpha * X ...
     */
    assert(e->x.p->size == 3);
    evalue argument;
    value_init(argument.d);
    evalue_copy(&argument, &e->x.p->arr[0]);
    emul(&e->x.p->arr[2], &argument);
    evalue2constraint_r(NULL, &argument, cons, len);
    free_evalue_refs(&argument);

    /*      - alpha * floor(X) */
    emul(&mone, &e->x.p->arr[2]);
    add_coeff(cons, len, &e->x.p->arr[2], pos);
    emul(&mone, &e->x.p->arr[2]);

    free_evalue_refs(&mone); 
}

static int evalue2constraint_r(EDomain *D, evalue *E, Value *cons, int len)
{
    int r = 0;
    if (value_zero_p(E->d) && E->x.p->type == fractional) {
        int i;
        assert(E->x.p->size == 3);
        r = evalue2constraint_r(D, &E->x.p->arr[1], cons, len);
        assert(value_notzero_p(E->x.p->arr[2].d));
        if (D && (i = D->find_floor(&E->x.p->arr[0])) >= 0) {
            add_fract(E, cons, len, 1+D->D->Dimension-D->floors.size()+i);
        } else {
            if (value_pos_p(E->x.p->arr[2].x.n)) {
                evalue coeff;
                value_init(coeff.d);
                value_init(coeff.x.n);
                value_set_si(coeff.d, 1);
                evalue_denom(&E->x.p->arr[0], &coeff.d);
                value_decrement(coeff.x.n, coeff.d);
                emul(&E->x.p->arr[2], &coeff);
                add_coeff(cons, len, &coeff, len-1);
                free_evalue_refs(&coeff);
            }
            r = 1;
        }
    } else if (value_zero_p(E->d)) {
        assert(E->x.p->type == polynomial);
        assert(E->x.p->size == 2);
        r = evalue2constraint_r(D, &E->x.p->arr[0], cons, len) || r;
        add_coeff(cons, len, &E->x.p->arr[1], E->x.p->pos);
    } else {
        add_coeff(cons, len, E, len-1);
    }
    return r;
}

static int evalue2constraint(EDomain *D, evalue *E, Value *cons, int len)
{
    Vector_Set(cons, 0, len);
    value_set_si(cons[0], 1);
    return evalue2constraint_r(D, E, cons, len);
}

static void interval_minmax(Polyhedron *I, int *min, int *max)
{
    assert(I->Dimension == 1);
    *min = 1;
    *max = -1;
    POL_ENSURE_VERTICES(I);
    for (int i = 0; i < I->NbRays; ++i) {
        if (value_pos_p(I->Ray[i][1]))
            *max = 1;
        else if (value_neg_p(I->Ray[i][1]))
            *min = -1;
        else {
            if (*max < 0)
                *max = 0;
            if (*min > 0)
                *min = 0;
        }
    }
}

static void interval_minmax(Polyhedron *D, Matrix *T, int *min, int *max, 
                            unsigned MaxRays)
{
    Polyhedron *I = Polyhedron_Image(D, T, MaxRays);
    I = DomainConstraintSimplify(I, MaxRays);
    if (emptyQ2(I)) {
        Polyhedron_Free(I);
        I = Polyhedron_Image(D, T, MaxRays);
    }
    interval_minmax(I, min, max);
    Polyhedron_Free(I);
}

struct max_term {
    unsigned dim;
    Polyhedron *domain;
    vector<evalue *> max;

    void print(ostream& os, char **p) const;
    void resolve_existential_vars() const;
    void substitute(Matrix *T, unsigned MaxRays);
    Vector *eval(Value *val, unsigned MaxRays) const;

    ~max_term() {
        for (int i = 0; i < max.size(); ++i) {
            free_evalue_refs(max[i]);
            delete max[i];
        }
        Polyhedron_Free(domain);
    }
};

static void print_varlist(ostream& os, int n, char **names)
{
    int i;
    os << "[";
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (i)
            os << ",";
        os << names[i];
    }
    os << "]";
}

static void print_term(ostream& os, Value v, int pos, int dim,
                        char **names, int *first)
{
    if (value_zero_p(v)) {
        if (first && *first && pos >= dim)
            os << "0";
        return;
    }

    if (first) {
        if (!*first && value_pos_p(v))
            os << "+";
        *first = 0;
    }
    if (pos < dim) {
        if (value_mone_p(v)) {
            os << "-";
        } else if (!value_one_p(v))
            os << VALUE_TO_INT(v);
        os << names[pos];
    } else
        os << VALUE_TO_INT(v);
}

/* We put all possible existentially quantified variables at the back
 * and so if any equalities exist between these variables and the
 * other variables, then PolyLib will replace all occurrences of some
 * of the other variables by some existentially quantified variables.
 * We want the output to have as few as possible references to the
 * existentially quantified variables, so we undo what PolyLib did here.
 */
void resolve_existential_vars(Polyhedron *domain, unsigned dim)
{
    int last = domain->NbEq - 1;
    /* Matrix "view" of domain for ExchangeRows */
    Matrix M;
    M.NbRows = domain->NbConstraints;
    M.NbColumns = domain->Dimension+2;
    M.p_Init = domain->p_Init;
    M.p = domain->Constraint;
    Value mone;
    value_init(mone);
    value_set_si(mone, -1);
    for (int e = domain->Dimension-1; e >= dim; --e) {
        int r;
        for (r = last; r >= 0; --r)
            if (value_notzero_p(domain->Constraint[r][1+e]))
                break;
        if (r < 0)
            continue;
        if (r != last)
            ExchangeRows(&M, r, last);

        /* Combine uses the coefficient as a multiplier, so it must
         * be positive, since we are modifying an inequality.
         */
        if (value_neg_p(domain->Constraint[last][1+e]))
            Vector_Scale(domain->Constraint[last]+1, domain->Constraint[last]+1,
                         mone, domain->Dimension+1);

        for (int c = 0; c < domain->NbConstraints; ++c) {
            if (c == last)
                continue;
            if (value_notzero_p(domain->Constraint[c][1+e]))
                Combine(domain->Constraint[c], domain->Constraint[last],
                        domain->Constraint[c], 1+e, domain->Dimension+1);
        }
        --last;
    }
    value_clear(mone);
}

void max_term::resolve_existential_vars() const
{
    ::resolve_existential_vars(domain, dim);
}

void max_term::print(ostream& os, char **p) const
{
    char **names = p;
    if (dim < domain->Dimension) {
        resolve_existential_vars();
        names = new char * [domain->Dimension];
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
            names[i] = p[i];
        for ( ; i < domain->Dimension; ++i) {
            names[i] = new char[10];
            snprintf(names[i], 10, "a%d", i - dim);
        }
    }

    Value tmp;
    value_init(tmp);
    os << "{ ";
    print_varlist(os, dim, p);
    os << " -> ";
    os << "[";
    for (int i = 0; i < max.size(); ++i) {
        if (i)
            os << ",";
        evalue_print(os, max[i], p);
    }
    os << "]";
    os << " : ";
    if (dim < domain->Dimension) {
        os << "exists ";
        print_varlist(os, domain->Dimension-dim, names+dim);
        os << " : ";
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < domain->NbConstraints; ++i) {
        int first = 1;
        int v = First_Non_Zero(domain->Constraint[i]+1, domain->Dimension);
        if (v == -1)
            continue;
        if (i)
            os << " && ";
        if (value_pos_p(domain->Constraint[i][v+1])) {
            print_term(os, domain->Constraint[i][v+1], v, domain->Dimension,
                       names, NULL);
            if (value_zero_p(domain->Constraint[i][0]))
                os << " = ";
            else
                os << " >= ";
            for (int j = v+1; j <= domain->Dimension; ++j) {
                value_oppose(tmp, domain->Constraint[i][1+j]);
                print_term(os, tmp, j, domain->Dimension,
                           names, &first);
            }
        } else {
            value_oppose(tmp, domain->Constraint[i][1+v]);
            print_term(os, tmp, v, domain->Dimension,
                       names, NULL);
            if (value_zero_p(domain->Constraint[i][0]))
                os << " = ";
            else
                os << " <= ";
            for (int j = v+1; j <= domain->Dimension; ++j)
                print_term(os, domain->Constraint[i][1+j], j, domain->Dimension,
                           names, &first);
        }
    }
    os << " }" << endl;
    value_clear(tmp);

    if (dim < domain->Dimension) {
        for (int i = dim; i < domain->Dimension; ++i)
            delete [] names[i];
        delete [] names;
    }
}

static void evalue_substitute(evalue *e, evalue **subs)
{
    evalue *v;

    if (value_notzero_p(e->d))
        return;

    enode *p = e->x.p;
    for (int i = 0; i < p->size; ++i)
        evalue_substitute(&p->arr[i], subs);

    if (p->type == polynomial)
        v = subs[p->pos-1];
    else {
        v = new evalue;
        value_init(v->d);
        value_set_si(v->d, 0);
        v->x.p = new_enode(p->type, 3, -1);
        value_clear(v->x.p->arr[0].d);
        v->x.p->arr[0] = p->arr[0];
        evalue_set_si(&v->x.p->arr[1], 0, 1);
        evalue_set_si(&v->x.p->arr[2], 1, 1);
    }

    int offset = type_offset(p);

    for (int i = p->size-1; i >= offset+1; i--) {
        emul(v, &p->arr[i]);
        eadd(&p->arr[i], &p->arr[i-1]);
        free_evalue_refs(&(p->arr[i]));
    }

    if (p->type != polynomial) {
        free_evalue_refs(v);
        delete v;
    }

    value_clear(e->d);
    *e = p->arr[offset];
    free(p);
}

/* "align" matrix to have nrows by inserting
 * the necessary number of rows and an equal number of columns at the end
 * right before the constant row/column
 */
static Matrix *align_matrix_initial(Matrix *M, int nrows)
{
    int i;
    int newrows = nrows - M->NbRows;
    Matrix *M2 = Matrix_Alloc(nrows, newrows + M->NbColumns);
    for (i = 0; i < newrows; ++i)
        value_set_si(M2->p[M->NbRows-1+i][M->NbColumns-1+i], 1);
    for (i = 0; i < M->NbRows-1; ++i) {
        Vector_Copy(M->p[i], M2->p[i], M->NbColumns-1);
        value_assign(M2->p[i][M2->NbColumns-1], M->p[i][M->NbColumns-1]);
    }
    value_assign(M2->p[M2->NbRows-1][M2->NbColumns-1],
                 M->p[M->NbRows-1][M->NbColumns-1]);
    return M2;
}

/* T maps the compressed parameters to the original parameters,
 * while this max_term is based on the compressed parameters
 * and we want get the original parameters back.
 */
void max_term::substitute(Matrix *T, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    int nexist = domain->Dimension - (T->NbColumns-1);
    Matrix *M = align_matrix_initial(T, T->NbRows+nexist);

    Polyhedron *D = DomainImage(domain, M, MaxRays);
    Polyhedron_Free(domain);
    domain = D;
    Matrix_Free(M);

    assert(T->NbRows == T->NbColumns);
    Matrix *T2 = Matrix_Copy(T);
    Matrix *inv = Matrix_Alloc(T->NbColumns, T->NbRows);
    int ok = Matrix_Inverse(T2, inv);
    Matrix_Free(T2);
    assert(ok);

    evalue denom;
    value_init(denom.d);
    value_init(denom.x.n);
    value_set_si(denom.x.n, 1);
    value_assign(denom.d, inv->p[inv->NbRows-1][inv->NbColumns-1]);

    vec_ZZ v;
    v.SetLength(inv->NbColumns);
    evalue* subs[inv->NbRows-1];
    for (int i = 0; i < inv->NbRows-1; ++i) {
        values2zz(inv->p[i], v, v.length());
        subs[i] = multi_monom(v);
        emul(&denom, subs[i]);
    }
    free_evalue_refs(&denom);

    for (int i = 0; i < max.size(); ++i) {
        evalue_substitute(max[i], subs);
        reduce_evalue(max[i]);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < inv->NbRows-1; ++i) {
        free_evalue_refs(subs[i]);
        delete subs[i];
    }
    Matrix_Free(inv);
}

int Last_Non_Zero(Value *p, unsigned len)
{
    for (int i = len-1; i >= 0; --i)
        if (value_notzero_p(p[i]))
            return i;
    return -1;
}

static void SwapColumns(Value **V, int n, int i, int j)
{
    for (int r = 0; r < n; ++r)
        value_swap(V[r][i], V[r][j]);
}

static void SwapColumns(Polyhedron *P, int i, int j)
{
    SwapColumns(P->Constraint, P->NbConstraints, i, j);
    SwapColumns(P->Ray, P->NbRays, i, j);
}

bool in_domain(Polyhedron *P, Value *val, unsigned dim, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    int nexist = P->Dimension - dim;
    int last[P->NbConstraints];
    Value tmp, min, max;
    Vector *all_val = Vector_Alloc(P->Dimension+1);
    bool in = false;
    int i;
    int alternate;

    resolve_existential_vars(P, dim);

    Vector_Copy(val, all_val->p, dim);
    value_set_si(all_val->p[P->Dimension], 1);

    value_init(tmp);
    for (int i = 0; i < P->NbConstraints; ++i) {
        last[i] = Last_Non_Zero(P->Constraint[i]+1+dim, nexist);
        if (last[i] == -1) {
            Inner_Product(P->Constraint[i]+1, all_val->p, P->Dimension+1, &tmp);
            if (value_neg_p(tmp))
                goto out;
            if (i < P->NbEq && value_pos_p(tmp))
                goto out;
        }
    }

    value_init(min);
    value_init(max);
    alternate = nexist - 1;
    for (i = 0; i < nexist; ++i) {
        bool min_set = false;
        bool max_set = false;
        for (int j = 0; j < P->NbConstraints; ++j) {
            if (last[j] != i)
                continue;
            Inner_Product(P->Constraint[j]+1, all_val->p, P->Dimension+1, &tmp);
            value_oppose(tmp, tmp);
            if (j < P->NbEq) {
                if (!mpz_divisible_p(tmp, P->Constraint[j][1+dim+i]))
                    goto out2;
                value_division(tmp, tmp, P->Constraint[j][1+dim+i]);
                if (!max_set || value_lt(tmp, max)) {
                    max_set = true;
                    value_assign(max, tmp);
                }
                if (!min_set || value_gt(tmp, min)) {
                    min_set = true;
                    value_assign(min, tmp);
                }
            } else {
                if (value_pos_p(P->Constraint[j][1+dim+i])) {
                    mpz_cdiv_q(tmp, tmp, P->Constraint[j][1+dim+i]);
                    if (!min_set || value_gt(tmp, min)) {
                        min_set = true;
                        value_assign(min, tmp);
                    }
                } else {
                    mpz_fdiv_q(tmp, tmp, P->Constraint[j][1+dim+i]);
                    if (!max_set || value_lt(tmp, max)) {
                        max_set = true;
                        value_assign(max, tmp);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        /* Move another existential variable in current position */
        if (!max_set || !min_set) {
            if (!(alternate > i)) {
                Matrix *M = Matrix_Alloc(dim+i, 1+P->Dimension+1);
                for (int j = 0; j < dim+i; ++j) {
                    value_set_si(M->p[j][1+j], -1);
                    value_assign(M->p[j][1+P->Dimension], all_val->p[j]);
                }
                Polyhedron *Q = AddConstraints(M->p[0], dim+i, P, MaxRays);
                Matrix_Free(M);
                Q = DomainConstraintSimplify(Q, MaxRays);
                Vector *sample = Polyhedron_Sample(Q, MaxRays);
                in = !!sample;
                if (sample)
                    Vector_Free(sample);
                Polyhedron_Free(Q);
                goto out2;
            }
            assert(alternate > i);
            SwapColumns(P, 1+dim+i, 1+dim+alternate);
            resolve_existential_vars(P, dim);
            for (int j = 0; j < P->NbConstraints; ++j) {
                if (j >= P->NbEq && last[j] < i)
                    continue;
                last[j] = Last_Non_Zero(P->Constraint[j]+1+dim, nexist);
                if (last[j] < i) {
                    Inner_Product(P->Constraint[j]+1, all_val->p, P->Dimension+1, 
                                  &tmp);
                    if (value_neg_p(tmp))
                        goto out2;
                    if (j < P->NbEq && value_pos_p(tmp))
                        goto out2;
                }
            }
            --alternate;
            --i;
            continue;
        }
        assert(max_set && min_set);
        if (value_lt(max, min))
            goto out2;
        if (value_ne(max, min)) {
            Matrix *M = Matrix_Alloc(dim+i, 1+P->Dimension+1);
            for (int j = 0; j < dim+i; ++j) {
                value_set_si(M->p[j][1+j], -1);
                value_assign(M->p[j][1+P->Dimension], all_val->p[j]);
            }
            Polyhedron *Q = AddConstraints(M->p[0], dim+i, P, MaxRays);
            Matrix_Free(M);
            Q = DomainConstraintSimplify(Q, MaxRays);
            Vector *sample = Polyhedron_Sample(Q, MaxRays);
            in = !!sample;
            if (sample)
                Vector_Free(sample);
            Polyhedron_Free(Q);
            goto out2;
        }
        assert(value_eq(max, min));
        value_assign(all_val->p[dim+i], max);
        alternate = nexist - 1;
    }
    in = true;
out2:
    value_clear(min);
    value_clear(max);
out:
    Vector_Free(all_val);
    value_clear(tmp);
    return in || (P->next && in_domain(P->next, val, dim, MaxRays));
}

void compute_evalue(evalue *e, Value *val, Value *res)
{
    double d = compute_evalue(e, val);
    if (d > 0)
        d += .25;
    else
        d -= .25;
    value_set_double(*res, d);
}

Vector *max_term::eval(Value *val, unsigned MaxRays) const
{
    if (dim == domain->Dimension) {
        if (!in_domain(domain, val))
            return NULL;
    } else {
        if (!in_domain(domain, val, dim, MaxRays))
            return NULL;
    }
    Vector *res = Vector_Alloc(max.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < max.size(); ++i) {
        compute_evalue(max[i], val, &res->p[i]);
    }
    return res;
}

static Matrix *add_ge_constraint(EDomain *ED, evalue *constraint,
                                 vector<evalue *>& new_floors)
{
    Polyhedron *D = ED->D;
    evalue mone;
    value_init(mone.d);
    evalue_set_si(&mone, -1, 1);
    int fract = 0;
    for (evalue *e = constraint; value_zero_p(e->d); 
         e = &e->x.p->arr[type_offset(e->x.p)]) {
        int i;
        if (e->x.p->type != fractional)
            continue;
        for (i = 0; i < ED->floors.size(); ++i)
            if (eequal(&e->x.p->arr[0], ED->floors[i]))
                break;
        if (i < ED->floors.size())
            continue;
        ++fract;
    }

    int rows = D->NbConstraints+2*fract+1;
    int cols = 2+D->Dimension+fract;
    Matrix *M = Matrix_Alloc(rows, cols);
    for (int i = 0; i < D->NbConstraints; ++i) {
        Vector_Copy(D->Constraint[i], M->p[i], 1+D->Dimension);
        value_assign(M->p[i][1+D->Dimension+fract], 
                     D->Constraint[i][1+D->Dimension]);
    }
    value_set_si(M->p[rows-1][0], 1);
    fract = 0;
    evalue *e;
    for (e = constraint; value_zero_p(e->d); e = &e->x.p->arr[type_offset(e->x.p)]) {
        if (e->x.p->type == fractional) {
            int i, pos;

            i = ED->find_floor(&e->x.p->arr[0]);
            if (i >= 0)
                pos = D->Dimension-ED->floors.size()+i;
            else
                pos = D->Dimension+fract;

            add_fract(e, M->p[rows-1], cols, 1+pos);

            if (pos < D->Dimension)
                continue;

            /* constraints for the new floor */
            int row = D->NbConstraints+2*fract;
            value_set_si(M->p[row][0], 1);
            evalue2constraint_r(NULL, &e->x.p->arr[0], M->p[row], cols);
            value_oppose(M->p[row][1+D->Dimension+fract], M->p[row][0]);
            value_set_si(M->p[row][0], 1);

            Vector_Scale(M->p[row]+1, M->p[row+1]+1, mone.x.n, cols-1);
            value_set_si(M->p[row+1][0], 1);
            value_addto(M->p[row+1][cols-1], M->p[row+1][cols-1],
                        M->p[row+1][1+D->Dimension+fract]);
            value_decrement(M->p[row+1][cols-1], M->p[row+1][cols-1]);

            evalue *arg = new evalue;
            value_init(arg->d);
            evalue_copy(arg, &e->x.p->arr[0]);
            new_floors.push_back(arg);

            ++fract;
        } else {
            assert(e->x.p->type == polynomial);
            assert(e->x.p->size == 2);
            add_coeff(M->p[rows-1], cols, &e->x.p->arr[1], e->x.p->pos);
        }
    }
    add_coeff(M->p[rows-1], cols, e, cols-1);
    value_set_si(M->p[rows-1][0], 1);
    free_evalue_refs(&mone); 
    return M;
}

static Matrix *remove_equalities(Polyhedron **P, unsigned nparam, unsigned MaxRays);

Vector *Polyhedron_not_empty(Polyhedron *P, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    Polyhedron *Porig = P;
    Vector *sample = NULL;

    POL_ENSURE_VERTICES(P);
    if (emptyQ2(P))
        return NULL;

    for (int i = 0; i < P->NbRays; ++i)
        if (value_one_p(P->Ray[i][1+P->Dimension])) {
            sample = Vector_Alloc(P->Dimension + 1);
            Vector_Copy(P->Ray[i]+1, sample->p, P->Dimension+1);
            return sample;
        }

    Matrix *T = remove_equalities(&P, 0, MaxRays);
    if (P)
        sample = Polyhedron_Sample(P, MaxRays);
    if (sample) {
        if (T) {
            Vector *P_sample = Vector_Alloc(Porig->Dimension + 1);
            Matrix_Vector_Product(T, sample->p, P_sample->p);
            Vector_Free(sample);
            sample = P_sample;
        }
    }
    if (T) {
        Polyhedron_Free(P);
        Matrix_Free(T);
    }

    return sample;
}

struct split {
    evalue *constraint;
    enum sign { le, ge, lge } sign;

    split (evalue *c, enum sign s) : constraint(c), sign(s) {}
};

static void split_on(const split& sp, EDomain *D, 
                     EDomain **Dlt, EDomain **Deq, EDomain **Dgt,
                     unsigned MaxRays)
{
    Matrix *M, *M2;
    EDomain *EDlt = NULL, *EDeq = NULL, *EDgt = NULL;
    Polyhedron *D2;
    Value mone;
    value_init(mone);
    value_set_si(mone, -1);
    *Dlt = NULL;
    *Deq = NULL;
    *Dgt = NULL;
    vector<evalue *> new_floors;
    M = add_ge_constraint(D, sp.constraint, new_floors);
    if (sp.sign == split::lge || sp.sign == split::ge) {
        M2 = Matrix_Copy(M);
        value_decrement(M2->p[M2->NbRows-1][M2->NbColumns-1],
                        M2->p[M2->NbRows-1][M2->NbColumns-1]);
        D2 = Constraints2Polyhedron(M2, MaxRays);
        EDgt = new EDomain(D2, D, new_floors);
        Polyhedron_Free(D2);
        Matrix_Free(M2);
    }
    if (sp.sign == split::lge || sp.sign == split::le) {
        M2 = Matrix_Copy(M);
        Vector_Scale(M2->p[M2->NbRows-1]+1, M2->p[M2->NbRows-1]+1,
                     mone, M2->NbColumns-1);
        value_decrement(M2->p[M2->NbRows-1][M2->NbColumns-1],
                        M2->p[M2->NbRows-1][M2->NbColumns-1]);
        D2 = Constraints2Polyhedron(M2, MaxRays);
        EDlt = new EDomain(D2, D, new_floors);
        Polyhedron_Free(D2);
        Matrix_Free(M2);
    }

    assert(sp.sign == split::lge || sp.sign == split::ge || sp.sign == split::le);
    value_set_si(M->p[M->NbRows-1][0], 0);
    D2 = Constraints2Polyhedron(M, MaxRays);
    EDeq = new EDomain(D2, D, new_floors);
    Polyhedron_Free(D2);
    Matrix_Free(M);

    Vector *sample = D->sample;
    if (sample && new_floors.size() > 0) {
        assert(sample->Size == D->D->Dimension+1);
        sample = Vector_Alloc(D->D->Dimension+new_floors.size()+1);
        Vector_Copy(D->sample->p, sample->p, D->D->Dimension);
        value_set_si(sample->p[D->D->Dimension+new_floors.size()], 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < new_floors.size(); ++i)
            compute_evalue(new_floors[i], sample->p, sample->p+D->D->Dimension+i);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < new_floors.size(); ++i) {
        free_evalue_refs(new_floors[i]);
        delete new_floors[i];
    }

    if (EDeq) {
        if (sample && in_domain(EDeq->D, sample->p, sample->Size-1, MaxRays)) {
            EDeq->sample = Vector_Alloc(sample->Size);
            Vector_Copy(sample->p, EDeq->sample->p, sample->Size);
        } else if (!(EDeq->sample = Polyhedron_not_empty(EDeq->D, MaxRays))) {
            delete EDeq;
            EDeq = NULL;
        }
    }
    if (EDgt) {
        if (sample && in_domain(EDgt->D, sample->p, sample->Size-1, MaxRays)) {
            EDgt->sample = Vector_Alloc(sample->Size);
            Vector_Copy(sample->p, EDgt->sample->p, sample->Size);
        } else if (!(EDgt->sample = Polyhedron_not_empty(EDgt->D, MaxRays))) {
            delete EDgt;
            EDgt = NULL;
        }
    }
    if (EDlt) {
        if (sample && in_domain(EDlt->D, sample->p, sample->Size-1, MaxRays)) {
            EDlt->sample = Vector_Alloc(sample->Size);
            Vector_Copy(sample->p, EDlt->sample->p, sample->Size);
        } else if (!(EDlt->sample = Polyhedron_not_empty(EDlt->D, MaxRays))) {
            delete EDlt;
            EDlt = NULL;
        }
    }
    *Dlt = EDlt;
    *Deq = EDeq;
    *Dgt = EDgt;
    value_clear(mone);
    if (sample != D->sample)
        Vector_Free(sample);
}

ostream & operator<< (ostream & os, const vector<int> & v)
{
    os << "[";
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
        if (i)
            os << ", ";
        os << v[i]; 
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

/*
 * Project on first dim dimensions
 */
Polyhedron* Polyhedron_Project_Initial(Polyhedron *P, int dim)
{
    int i;
    Matrix *T;
    Polyhedron *I;

    if (P->Dimension == dim)
        return Polyhedron_Copy(P);

    T = Matrix_Alloc(dim+1, P->Dimension+1);
    for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
        value_set_si(T->p[i][i], 1);
    value_set_si(T->p[dim][P->Dimension], 1);
    I = Polyhedron_Image(P, T, P->NbConstraints);
    Matrix_Free(T);
    return I;
}

static vector<max_term*> lexmin(indicator& ind, EDomain *D, unsigned nparam,
                                unsigned MaxRays, vector<int> loc)
{
    vector<max_term*> maxima;
    int len = 1 + D->D->Dimension + 1;
    Value lcm, a, b;
    evalue mone;
    EDomain *Dorig = D;

    value_init(mone.d);
    evalue_set_si(&mone, -1, 1);
    value_init(lcm);
    value_init(a);
    value_init(b);
    Vector *c = Vector_Alloc(len);
    Matrix *T = Matrix_Alloc(2, len-1);
    for (int i = 0; i < ind.term.size(); ++i) {
        bool restart = false;   /* true if we have modified ind from i up */
        bool stop = false;      /* true if i can never be smallest */
        int peel = -1;          /* term to peel against */
        vector<split> splits;
        if (ind.term[i]->sign < 0)
            continue;
        int dim = ind.term[i]->den.NumCols();
        int j;
        for (j = 0; j < ind.term.size(); ++j) {
            if (i == j)
                continue;
            int k;
            for (k = 0; k < dim; ++k) {
                /* compute ind.term->[i]->vertex[k] - ind.term->[j]->vertex[k] */
                evalue *diff = new evalue;
                value_init(diff->d);
                evalue_copy(diff, ind.term[j]->vertex[k]);
                emul(&mone, diff);
                eadd(ind.term[i]->vertex[k], diff);
                reduce_evalue(diff);
                int fract = evalue2constraint(D, diff, c->p, len);
                Vector_Copy(c->p+1, T->p[0], len-1);
                value_assign(T->p[1][len-2], c->p[0]);

                int min, max;
                interval_minmax(D->D, T, &min, &max, MaxRays);
                if (max < 0) {
                    free_evalue_refs(diff); 
                    delete diff;
                    break;
                }
                if (fract) {
                    emul(&mone, diff);
                    evalue2constraint(D, diff, c->p, len);
                    emul(&mone, diff);
                    Vector_Copy(c->p+1, T->p[0], len-1);
                    value_assign(T->p[1][len-2], c->p[0]);

                    int negmin, negmax;
                    interval_minmax(D->D, T, &negmin, &negmax, MaxRays);
                    min = -negmax;
                }
                if (min > 0) {
                    free_evalue_refs(diff); 
                    delete diff;
                    stop = true;
                    break;
                }
                if (max == 0 && min == 0) {
                    if (!EVALUE_IS_ZERO(*diff)) {
                        ind.substitute(diff);
                        ind.simplify();
                        restart = true;
                    }
                    free_evalue_refs(diff); 
                    delete diff;
                    if (restart)
                        break;
                    continue;
                }
                if (min < 0 && max == 0)
                    splits.push_back(split(diff, split::le));
                else if (max > 0 && min == 0)
                    splits.push_back(split(diff, split::ge));
                else
                    splits.push_back(split(diff, split::lge));
                break;
            }
            if (k == dim && ind.term[j]->sign < 0)
                peel = j;
            if (stop || restart)
                break;
        }
        if (restart) {
            /* The ith entry may have been removed, so we have to consider
             * it again.
             */
            --i;
            for (j = 0; j < splits.size(); ++j) {
                free_evalue_refs(splits[j].constraint);
                delete splits[j].constraint;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (stop) {
            for (j = 0; j < splits.size(); ++j) {
                free_evalue_refs(splits[j].constraint);
                delete splits[j].constraint;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (peel != -1) {
            // ind.peel(i, peel);
            ind.combine(i, peel);
            ind.simplify();
            i = -1;                 /* start over */
            for (j = 0; j < splits.size(); ++j) {
                free_evalue_refs(splits[j].constraint);
                delete splits[j].constraint;
            }
            continue;
        } 
        if (splits.size() != 0) {
            for (j = 0; j < splits.size(); ++j)
                if (splits[j].sign == split::le)
                    break;
            if (j == splits.size())
                j = 0;
                EDomain *Dlt, *Deq, *Dgt;
                split_on(splits[j], D, &Dlt, &Deq, &Dgt, MaxRays);
                assert(Dlt || Deq || Dgt);
                if (Deq) {
                    loc.push_back(0);
                    indicator indeq(ind);
                    indeq.substitute(splits[j].constraint);
                    Polyhedron *P = Polyhedron_Project_Initial(Deq->D, nparam);
                    P = DomainConstraintSimplify(P, MaxRays);
                    indeq.reduce_in_domain(P);
                    Polyhedron_Free(P);
                    indeq.simplify();
                    vector<max_term*> maxeq = lexmin(indeq, Deq, nparam,
                                                     MaxRays, loc);
                    maxima.insert(maxima.end(), maxeq.begin(), maxeq.end());
                    loc.pop_back();
                    delete Deq;
                }
                if (Dgt) {
                    loc.push_back(1);
                    indicator indgt(ind);
                    Polyhedron *P = Polyhedron_Project_Initial(Dgt->D, nparam);
                    P = DomainConstraintSimplify(P, MaxRays);
                    indgt.reduce_in_domain(P);
                    Polyhedron_Free(P);
                    indgt.simplify();
                    vector<max_term*> maxeq = lexmin(indgt, Dgt, nparam,
                                                     MaxRays, loc);
                    maxima.insert(maxima.end(), maxeq.begin(), maxeq.end());
                    loc.pop_back();
                    delete Dgt;
                }
                if (Dlt) {
                    loc.push_back(-1);
                    Polyhedron *P = Polyhedron_Project_Initial(Dlt->D, nparam);
                    P = DomainConstraintSimplify(P, MaxRays);
                    ind.reduce_in_domain(P);
                    Polyhedron_Free(P);
                    ind.simplify();
                    if (D != Dorig)
                        delete D;
                    D = Dlt;
                    if (splits.size() > 1) {
                        vector<max_term*> maxeq = lexmin(ind, Dlt, nparam,
                                                         MaxRays, loc);
                        maxima.insert(maxima.end(), maxeq.begin(), maxeq.end());
                        for (j = 0; j < splits.size(); ++j) {
                            free_evalue_refs(splits[j].constraint);
                            delete splits[j].constraint;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            /* the vertex turned out not to be minimal */
            for (j = 0; j < splits.size(); ++j) {
                free_evalue_refs(splits[j].constraint);
                delete splits[j].constraint;
            }
            if (!Dlt)
                break;
        }
            max_term *maximum = new max_term;
            maxima.push_back(maximum);
            maximum->dim = nparam;
            maximum->domain = Polyhedron_Copy(D->D);
            for (int j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
                evalue *E = new evalue;
                value_init(E->d);
                evalue_copy(E, ind.term[i]->vertex[j]);
                if (evalue_frac2floor_in_domain(E, D->D))
                    reduce_evalue(E);
                maximum->max.push_back(E);
            }
            break;
    }
    Matrix_Free(T);
    Vector_Free(c);
    value_clear(lcm);
    value_clear(a);
    value_clear(b);
    free_evalue_refs(&mone); 
    if (D != Dorig)
        delete D;
    return maxima;
}

static bool isTranslation(Matrix *M)
{
    unsigned i, j;
    if (M->NbRows != M->NbColumns)
        return False;

    for (i = 0;i < M->NbRows; i ++)
        for (j = 0; j < M->NbColumns-1; j ++)
            if (i == j) {
                if(value_notone_p(M->p[i][j]))
                    return False;
            } else {
                if(value_notzero_p(M->p[i][j]))
                    return False;
            }
    return value_one_p(M->p[M->NbRows-1][M->NbColumns-1]);
}

static Matrix *compress_parameters(Polyhedron **P, Polyhedron **C,
                                   unsigned nparam, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    Matrix *M, *T, *CP;

    /* compress_parms doesn't like equalities that only involve parameters */
    for (int i = 0; i < (*P)->NbEq; ++i)
        assert(First_Non_Zero((*P)->Constraint[i]+1, (*P)->Dimension-nparam) != -1);

    M = Matrix_Alloc((*P)->NbEq, (*P)->Dimension+2);
    Vector_Copy((*P)->Constraint[0], M->p[0], (*P)->NbEq * ((*P)->Dimension+2));
    CP = compress_parms(M, nparam);
    Matrix_Free(M);

    if (isTranslation(CP)) {
        Matrix_Free(CP);
        return NULL;
    }

    T = align_matrix(CP, (*P)->Dimension+1);
    *P = Polyhedron_Preimage(*P, T, MaxRays);
    Matrix_Free(T);

    *C = Polyhedron_Preimage(*C, CP, MaxRays);

    return CP;
}

static Matrix *remove_equalities(Polyhedron **P, unsigned nparam, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    /* Matrix "view" of equalities */
    Matrix M;
    M.NbRows = (*P)->NbEq;
    M.NbColumns = (*P)->Dimension+2;
    M.p_Init = (*P)->p_Init;
    M.p = (*P)->Constraint;

    Matrix *T = compress_variables(&M, nparam);

    if (!T) {
        *P = NULL;
        return NULL;
    }
    if (isIdentity(T)) {
        Matrix_Free(T);
        T = NULL;
    } else
        *P = Polyhedron_Preimage(*P, T, MaxRays);

    return T;
}

static vector<max_term*> lexmin(Polyhedron *P, Polyhedron *C, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    unsigned nparam = C->Dimension;
    Param_Polyhedron *PP = NULL;
    Polyhedron *CEq = NULL, *pVD;
    Matrix *CT = NULL;
    Matrix *T = NULL, *CP = NULL;
    Param_Domain *D, *next;
    Param_Vertices *V;
    Polyhedron *Porig = P;
    Polyhedron *Corig = C;
    int i;
    vector<max_term*> all_max;
    Polyhedron *Q;

    if (emptyQ2(P))
        return all_max;

    POL_ENSURE_VERTICES(P);

    if (emptyQ2(P))
        return all_max;

    assert(P->NbBid == 0);

    if (P->NbEq > 0) {
        if (nparam > 0)
            CP = compress_parameters(&P, &C, nparam, MaxRays);
        Q = P;
        T = remove_equalities(&P, nparam, MaxRays);
        if (P != Q && Q != Porig)
            Polyhedron_Free(Q);
        if (!P) {
            if (C != Corig)
                Polyhedron_Free(C);
            return all_max;
        }
    }

    Q = P;
    PP = Polyhedron2Param_SimplifiedDomain(&P,C,
                                           (MaxRays & POL_NO_DUAL) ? 0 : MaxRays,
                                           &CEq,&CT);
    if (P != Q && Q != Porig)
        Polyhedron_Free(Q);

    if (CT) {
        if (isIdentity(CT)) {
            Matrix_Free(CT);
            CT = NULL;
        } else
            nparam = CT->NbRows - 1;
    }

    unsigned dim = P->Dimension - nparam;

    int nd;
    for (nd = 0, D=PP->D; D; ++nd, D=D->next);
    Polyhedron **fVD = new Polyhedron*[nd];

    indicator_constructor ic(P, dim, PP->nbV);

    for (i = 0, V = PP->V; V; V = V->next, i++) {
        ic.decompose_at_vertex(V, i, MaxRays);
    }
    if (T) {
        ic.substitute(T);
        ic.normalize();
    }

    for (nd = 0, D=PP->D; D; D=next) {
        next = D->next;

        Polyhedron *rVD = reduce_domain(D->Domain, CT, CEq,
                                        fVD, nd, MaxRays);
        if (!rVD)
            continue;

        pVD = CT ? DomainImage(rVD,CT,MaxRays) : rVD;

        indicator ind;

        FORALL_PVertex_in_ParamPolyhedron(V,D,PP) // _i is internal counter
            for (int j = 0; j < ic.terms[_i].size(); ++j) {
                indicator_term *term = new indicator_term(*ic.terms[_i][j]);
                term->reduce_in_domain(pVD);
                ind.term.push_back(term);
            }
        END_FORALL_PVertex_in_ParamPolyhedron;

        ind.simplify();

        EDomain epVD(pVD);
        vector<int> loc;
        vector<max_term*> maxima = lexmin(ind, &epVD, nparam, MaxRays, loc);
        if (CP)
            for (int j = 0; j < maxima.size(); ++j)
                maxima[j]->substitute(CP, MaxRays);
        all_max.insert(all_max.end(), maxima.begin(), maxima.end());

        ++nd;
        if (rVD != pVD)
            Domain_Free(pVD);
        Domain_Free(rVD);
    }
    if (CP)
        Matrix_Free(CP);
    if (T)
        Matrix_Free(T);
    Param_Polyhedron_Free(PP);
    if (CEq)
        Polyhedron_Free(CEq);
    for (--nd; nd >= 0; --nd) {
        Domain_Free(fVD[nd]);
    }
    delete [] fVD;
    if (C != Corig)
        Polyhedron_Free(C);
    if (P != Porig)
        Polyhedron_Free(P);

    return all_max;
}

static void verify_results(Polyhedron *A, Polyhedron *C, 
                           vector<max_term*>& maxima, int m, int M,
                           int print_all, unsigned MaxRays);

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    Polyhedron *A, *C;
    Matrix *MA;
    int bignum;
    char **iter_names, **param_names;
    int c, ind = 0;
    int range = 0;
    int verify = 0;
    int print_all = 0;
    int m = INT_MAX, M = INT_MIN, r;
    int print_solution = 1;

    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "TAm:M:r:V", options, &ind)) != -1) {
        switch (c) {
        case 'T':
            verify = 1;
            break;
        case 'A':
            print_all = 1;
            break;
        case 'm':
            m = atoi(optarg);
            verify = 1;
            break;
        case 'M':
            M = atoi(optarg);
            verify = 1;
            break;
        case 'r':
            M = atoi(optarg);
            m = -M;
            verify = 1;
            break;
        case 'V':
            printf(barvinok_version());
            exit(0);
            break;
        }
    }

    MA = Matrix_Read();
    C = Constraints2Polyhedron(MA, MAXRAYS);
    Matrix_Free(MA);
    fscanf(stdin, " %d", &bignum);
    assert(bignum == -1);
    MA = Matrix_Read();
    A = Constraints2Polyhedron(MA, MAXRAYS);
    Matrix_Free(MA);

    if (A->Dimension >= VBIGDIM)
        r = VSRANGE;
    else if (A->Dimension >= BIGDIM)
        r = SRANGE;
    else
        r = RANGE;
    if (M == INT_MIN)
        M = r;
    if (m == INT_MAX)
        m = -r;

    if (verify && m > M) {
        fprintf(stderr,"Nothing to do: min > max !\n");
        return(0);
    }
    if (verify)
        print_solution = 0;

    iter_names = util_generate_names(A->Dimension - C->Dimension, "i");
    param_names = util_generate_names(C->Dimension, "p");
    if (print_solution) {
        Polyhedron_Print(stdout, P_VALUE_FMT, A);
        Polyhedron_Print(stdout, P_VALUE_FMT, C);
    }
    vector<max_term*> maxima = lexmin(A, C, MAXRAYS);
    if (print_solution)
        for (int i = 0; i < maxima.size(); ++i)
            maxima[i]->print(cout, param_names);

    if (verify)
        verify_results(A, C, maxima, m, M, print_all, MAXRAYS);

    for (int i = 0; i < maxima.size(); ++i)
        delete maxima[i];

    util_free_names(A->Dimension - C->Dimension, iter_names);
    util_free_names(C->Dimension, param_names);
    Polyhedron_Free(A);
    Polyhedron_Free(C);

    return 0;
}

static bool lexmin(int pos, Polyhedron *P, Value *context)
{
    Value LB, UB, k;
    int lu_flags;
    bool found = false;

    if (emptyQ(P))
        return false;

    value_init(LB); value_init(UB); value_init(k);
    value_set_si(LB,0);
    value_set_si(UB,0);
    lu_flags = lower_upper_bounds(pos,P,context,&LB,&UB);
    assert(!(lu_flags & LB_INFINITY));

    value_set_si(context[pos],0);
    if (!lu_flags && value_lt(UB,LB)) {
        value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
        return false;
    }
    if (!P->next) {
        value_assign(context[pos], LB);
        value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
        return true;
    }
    for (value_assign(k,LB); lu_flags || value_le(k,UB); value_increment(k,k)) {
        value_assign(context[pos],k);
        if ((found = lexmin(pos+1, P->next, context)))
            break;
    }
    if (!found)
        value_set_si(context[pos],0);
    value_clear(LB); value_clear(UB); value_clear(k);
    return found;
}

static void print_list(FILE *out, Value *z, char* brackets, int len)
{
    fprintf(out, "%c", brackets[0]);
    value_print(out, VALUE_FMT,z[0]);
    for (int k = 1; k < len; ++k) {
        fprintf(out, ", ");
        value_print(out, VALUE_FMT,z[k]);
    }
    fprintf(out, "%c", brackets[1]);
}

static int check_poly(Polyhedron *S, Polyhedron *CS, vector<max_term*>& maxima, 
                      int nparam, int pos, Value *z, int print_all, int st,
                      unsigned MaxRays)
{
    if (pos == nparam) {
        int k;
        bool found = lexmin(1, S, z);

        if (print_all) {
            printf("lexmin");
            print_list(stdout, z+S->Dimension-nparam+1, "()", nparam);
            printf(" = ");
            if (found)
                print_list(stdout, z+1, "[]", S->Dimension-nparam);
            printf(" ");
        }

        Vector *min = NULL;
        for (int i = 0; i < maxima.size(); ++i)
            if ((min = maxima[i]->eval(z+S->Dimension-nparam+1, MaxRays)))
                break;

        int ok = !(found ^ !!min);
        if (found && min)
            for (int i = 0; i < S->Dimension-nparam; ++i)
                if (value_ne(z[1+i], min->p[i])) {
                    ok = 0;
                    break;
                }
        if (!ok) {
            printf("\n"); 
            fflush(stdout);
            fprintf(stderr, "Error !\n");
            fprintf(stderr, "lexmin");
            print_list(stderr, z+S->Dimension-nparam+1, "()", nparam);
            fprintf(stderr, " should be ");
            if (found)
                print_list(stderr, z+1, "[]", S->Dimension-nparam);
            fprintf(stderr, " while digging gives ");
            if (min)
                print_list(stderr, min->p, "[]", S->Dimension-nparam);
            fprintf(stderr, ".\n");
            return 0;
        } else if (print_all)
            printf("OK.\n");
        if (min)
            Vector_Free(min);

        for (k = 1; k <= S->Dimension-nparam; ++k)
            value_set_si(z[k], 0);
    } else {
        Value tmp;
        Value LB, UB;
        value_init(tmp);
        value_init(LB);
        value_init(UB);
        int ok = 
            !(lower_upper_bounds(1+pos, CS, &z[S->Dimension-nparam], &LB, &UB));
        for (value_assign(tmp,LB); value_le(tmp,UB); value_increment(tmp,tmp)) {
            if (!print_all) {
                int k = VALUE_TO_INT(tmp);
                if (!pos && !(k%st)) {
                    printf("o");
                    fflush(stdout);
                }
            }
            value_assign(z[pos+S->Dimension-nparam+1],tmp);
            if (!check_poly(S, CS->next, maxima, nparam, pos+1, z, print_all, st,
                            MaxRays)) {
                value_clear(tmp);
                value_clear(LB);
                value_clear(UB);
                return 0;
            }
        }
        value_set_si(z[pos+S->Dimension-nparam+1],0);
        value_clear(tmp);
        value_clear(LB);
        value_clear(UB);
    }
    return 1;
}

void verify_results(Polyhedron *A, Polyhedron *C, vector<max_term*>& maxima, 
                    int m, int M, int print_all, unsigned MaxRays)
{
    Polyhedron *CC, *CC2, *CS, *S;
    unsigned nparam = C->Dimension;
    Value *p;
    int i;
    int st;

    CC = Polyhedron_Project(A, nparam);
    CC2 = DomainIntersection(C, CC, MAXRAYS);
    Domain_Free(CC);
    CC = CC2;

    /* Intersect context with range */
    if (nparam > 0) {
        Matrix *MM;
        Polyhedron *U;

        MM = Matrix_Alloc(2*C->Dimension, C->Dimension+2);
        for (int i = 0; i < C->Dimension; ++i) {
            value_set_si(MM->p[2*i][0], 1);
            value_set_si(MM->p[2*i][1+i], 1);
            value_set_si(MM->p[2*i][1+C->Dimension], -m);
            value_set_si(MM->p[2*i+1][0], 1);
            value_set_si(MM->p[2*i+1][1+i], -1);
            value_set_si(MM->p[2*i+1][1+C->Dimension], M);
        }
        CC2 = AddConstraints(MM->p[0], 2*CC->Dimension, CC, MAXRAYS);
        U = Universe_Polyhedron(0);
        CS = Polyhedron_Scan(CC2, U, MAXRAYS & POL_NO_DUAL ? 0 : MAXRAYS);
        Polyhedron_Free(U);
        Polyhedron_Free(CC2);
        Matrix_Free(MM);
    } else
        CS = NULL;

    p = ALLOCN(Value, A->Dimension+2);
    for (i=0; i <= A->Dimension; i++) {
        value_init(p[i]);
        value_set_si(p[i],0);
    }
    value_init(p[i]);
    value_set_si(p[i], 1);

    S = Polyhedron_Scan(A, C, MAXRAYS & POL_NO_DUAL ? 0 : MAXRAYS);

    if (!print_all && C->Dimension > 0) {
        if (M-m > 80)
            st = 1+(M-m)/80;
        else
            st = 1;
        for (int i = m; i <= M; i += st)
            printf(".");
        printf( "\r" );
        fflush(stdout);
    }

    if (S) {
        if (!(CS && emptyQ2(CS)))
            check_poly(S, CS, maxima, nparam, 0, p, print_all, st, MaxRays);
        Domain_Free(S);
    }

    if (!print_all)
        printf("\n");

    for (i=0; i <= (A->Dimension+1); i++) 
        value_clear(p[i]);
    free(p);
    if (CS)
        Domain_Free(CS);
    Polyhedron_Free(CC);
}