target/i386: reimplement f2xm1 using floatx80 operations

target/i386: reimplement f2xm1 using floatx80 operations

The x87 f2xm1 emulation is currently based around conversion to
double.  This is inherently unsuitable for a good emulation of any
floatx80 operation, even before considering that it is a particularly
naive implementation using double (computing with pow and then
subtracting 1 rather than attempting a better emulation using expm1).

Reimplement using the soft-float operations, including additions and
multiplications with higher precision where appropriate to limit
accumulation of errors.  I considered reusing some of the m68k code
for transcendental operations, but the instructions don't generally
correspond exactly to x87 operations (for example, m68k has 2^x and
e^x - 1, but not 2^x - 1); to avoid possible accumulation of errors
from applying multiple such operations each rounding to floatx80
precision, I wrote a direct implementation of 2^x - 1 instead.  It
would be possible in principle to make the implementation more
efficient by doing the intermediate operations directly with
significands, signs and exponents and not packing / unpacking floatx80
format for each operation, but that would make it significantly more
complicated and it's not clear that's worthwhile; the m68k emulation
doesn't try to do that.

A test is included with many randomly generated inputs.  The
assumption of the test is that the result in round-to-nearest mode
should always be one of the two closest floating-point numbers to the
mathematical value of 2^x - 1; the implementation aims to do somewhat
better than that (about 70 correct bits before rounding).  I haven't
investigated how accurate hardware is.

Signed-off-by: Joseph Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
Message-Id: <alpine.DEB.2.21.2006112341010.18393@digraph.polyomino.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>