blockjobs: add state transition table

blockjobs: add state transition table

The state transition table has mostly been implied. We're about to make
it a bit more complex, so let's make the STM explicit instead.

Perform state transitions with a function that for now just asserts the
transition is appropriate.

Transitions:
Undefined -> Created: During job initialization.
Created   -> Running: Once the job is started.
                      Jobs cannot transition from "Created" to "Paused"
                      directly, but will instead synchronously transition
                      to running to paused immediately.
Running   -> Paused:  Normal workflow for pauses.
Running   -> Ready:   Normal workflow for jobs reaching their sync point.
                      (e.g. mirror)
Ready     -> Standby: Normal workflow for pausing ready jobs.
Paused    -> Running: Normal resume.
Standby   -> Ready:   Resume of a Standby job.

+---------+
|UNDEFINED|
+--+------+
   |
+--v----+
|CREATED|
+--+----+
   |
+--v----+     +------+
|RUNNING<----->PAUSED|
+--+----+     +------+
   |
+--v--+       +-------+
|READY<------->STANDBY|
+-----+       +-------+

Notably, there is no state presently defined as of this commit that
deals with a job after the "running" or "ready" states, so this table
will be adjusted alongside the commits that introduce those states.

Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>