virtio-balloon: Safely handle BALLOON_PAGE_SIZE < host page size

virtio-balloon: Safely handle BALLOON_PAGE_SIZE < host page size

The virtio-balloon always works in units of 4kiB (BALLOON_PAGE_SIZE), but
we can only actually discard memory in units of the host page size.

Now, we handle this very badly: we silently ignore balloon requests that
aren't host page aligned, and for requests that are host page aligned we
discard the entire host page.  The latter can corrupt guest memory if its
page size is smaller than the host's.

The obvious choice would be to disable the balloon if the host page size is
not 4kiB.  However, that would break the special case where host and guest
have the same page size, but that's larger than 4kiB.  That case currently
works by accident[1] - and is used in practice on many production POWER
systems where 64kiB has long been the Linux default page size on both host
and guest.

To make the balloon safe, without breaking that useful special case, we
need to accumulate 4kiB balloon requests until we have a whole contiguous
host page to discard.

We could in principle do that across all guest memory, but it would require
a large bitmap to track.  This patch represents a compromise: we track
ballooned subpages for a single contiguous host page at a time.  This means
that if the guest discards all 4kiB chunks of a host page in succession,
we will discard it.  This is the expected behaviour in the (host page) ==
(guest page) != 4kiB case we want to support.

If the guest scatters 4kiB requests across different host pages, we don't
discard anything, and issue a warning.  Not ideal, but at least we don't
corrupt guest memory as the previous version could.

Warning reporting is kind of a compromise here.  Determining whether we're
in a problematic state at realize() time is tricky, because we'd have to
look at the host pagesizes of all memory backends, but we can't really know
if some of those backends could be for special purpose memory that's not
subject to ballooning.

Reporting only when the guest tries to balloon a partial page also isn't
great because if the guest page size happens to line up it won't indicate
that we're in a non ideal situation.  It could also cause alarming repeated
warnings whenever a migration is attempted.

So, what we do is warn the first time the guest attempts balloon a partial
host page, whether or not it will end up ballooning the rest of the page
immediately afterwards.

[1] Because when the guest attempts to balloon a page, it will submit
    requests for each 4kiB subpage.  Most will be ignored, but the one
    which happens to be host page aligned will discard the whole lot.

Signed-off-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Message-Id: <20190214043916.22128-6-david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from commit ed48c59875b603058366490f472490f0fb9c30f3)
Signed-off-by: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>