libstdc++: Implement ranges::enumerate_view from P2164R9
libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:
* include/std/ranges (__cpp_lib_ranges_enumerate): Define
for C++23.
(__detail::__range_with_movable_reference): Likewise.
(enumerate_view): Likewise.
(enumerate_view::_Iterator): Likewise.
(enumerate_view::_Sentinel): Likewise.
(views::__detail::__can_enumerate_view): Likewise.
(views::_Enumerate, views::enumerate): Likewise.
* include/std/version (__cpp_lib_ranges_enumerate): Likewise.
* testsuite/std/ranges/version_c++23.cc: Verify value of
__cpp_lib_ranges_enumerate.
* testsuite/std/ranges/adaptors/enumerate/1.cc: New test.