diff: consolidate diff algorithm option parsing

diff: consolidate diff algorithm option parsing

A subsequent commit will need the ability to tell if the diff algorithm
was set through the command line through setting a new member of
diff_options. While this logic can be added to the
diff_opt_diff_algorithm() callback, the `--minimal` and `--histogram`
options are handled via OPT_BIT without a callback.

Remedy this by consolidating the options parsing logic for --minimal and
--histogram into one callback. This way we can modify `diff_options` in
that function.

As an additional refactor, the logic that sets the diff algorithm in
diff_opt_diff_algorithm() can be refactored into a helper that will
allow multiple callsites to set the diff algorithm.

Signed-off-by: John Cai <johncai86@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>