1 @c Copyright 2006-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
12 @node Machine Dependencies
13 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
18 * AVR Options:: Options
20 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
25 @cindex AVR options (none)
26 @cindex options for AVR (none)
30 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
32 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
34 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
35 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
36 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
38 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
39 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
40 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
43 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
44 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
45 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
46 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
47 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
50 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
51 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
53 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
54 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
56 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
57 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2,
58 atmega16u2, atmega32u2).
60 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
61 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48p, atmega8, atmega88,
62 atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1,
63 at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81, ata6289).
65 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
66 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162,
67 atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165a, atmega165p,
68 atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p,
69 atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega325,
70 atmega325a, atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a,
71 atmega3250p, atmega3250pa, atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329,
72 atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, atmega3290, atmega3290a,
73 atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega640, atmega644,
74 atmega644a, atmega644p, atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a,
75 atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, atmega6450p, atmega649,
76 atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, atmega6490p,
77 atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb,
78 atmega16hvbrevb, atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32,
79 at90can64, at90pwm161, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1,
80 atmega16m1, atmega32m1, atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4,
81 atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100).
83 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
84 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
86 atmega128rfr2, atmega1284rfr2,
87 at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
89 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
90 atmega2560, atmega2561,
91 atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2).
93 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
94 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega16a4, atxmega16d4,
95 atxmega16x1, atxmega32a4, atxmega32d4, atxmega32x1).
97 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
98 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: none).
100 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
101 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a3, atxmega64d3).
103 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
104 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a1,
107 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
108 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a3,
109 atxmega128d3, atxmega192a3, atxmega128b1, atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3,
110 atxmega256a3b, atxmega256a3bu, atxmega192d3).
112 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
113 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a1,
116 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
118 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
120 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
122 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
124 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
126 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
134 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
135 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
136 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
140 @subsection Special Characters
142 @cindex line comment character, AVR
143 @cindex AVR line comment character
145 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
146 comment that extends to the end of that line.
148 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
149 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
150 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
151 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
153 @cindex line separator, AVR
154 @cindex statement separator, AVR
155 @cindex AVR line separator
157 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
161 @subsection Register Names
163 @cindex AVR register names
164 @cindex register names, AVR
166 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
167 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
168 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
169 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
170 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
171 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
172 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
181 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
183 @cindex AVR modifiers
186 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
187 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
190 modifier(relocatable-expression)
194 @cindex symbol modifiers
198 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
199 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
203 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
204 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
205 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
216 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
217 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
218 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
222 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
226 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
227 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
228 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
229 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
234 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
235 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
236 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
237 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
238 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
243 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
244 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
245 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
246 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
251 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
252 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
253 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
254 Flash/Program memory.
258 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
259 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
260 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
261 Flash/Program memory.
268 @cindex AVR opcode summary
269 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
270 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
271 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
272 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
273 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
275 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
276 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
281 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
282 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
283 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
284 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
285 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
286 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
287 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
288 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
289 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
290 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
291 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
292 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
293 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
294 i @r{immediate value}
295 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
296 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
297 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
298 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
299 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
317 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
318 100101000SSS1000 bset S
319 1001010100001001 icall
320 1001010000001001 ijmp
321 1001010111001000 lpm ?
322 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
323 1001010111011000 elpm ?
324 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
327 1001010100011000 reti
328 1001010110001000 sleep
329 1001010110011000 break
332 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
333 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
334 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
335 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
336 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
337 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
338 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
339 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
340 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
341 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
342 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
343 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
344 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
345 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
346 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
347 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
348 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
349 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
350 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
351 11101111dddd1111 ser d
352 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
353 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
354 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
355 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
356 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
357 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
358 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
359 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
360 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
361 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
362 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
363 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
364 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
365 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
366 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
367 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
368 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
369 111101lllllll000 brcc l
370 111100lllllll000 brcs l
371 111100lllllll001 breq l
372 111101lllllll100 brge l
373 111101lllllll101 brhc l
374 111100lllllll101 brhs l
375 111101lllllll111 brid l
376 111100lllllll111 brie l
377 111100lllllll000 brlo l
378 111100lllllll100 brlt l
379 111100lllllll010 brmi l
380 111101lllllll001 brne l
381 111101lllllll010 brpl l
382 111101lllllll000 brsh l
383 111101lllllll110 brtc l
384 111100lllllll110 brts l
385 111101lllllll011 brvc l
386 111100lllllll011 brvs l
387 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
388 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
389 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
390 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
391 1001010hhhhh111h call h
392 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
393 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
394 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
395 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
396 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
397 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
398 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
399 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
400 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
401 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
402 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
403 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
404 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
405 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
406 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
407 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
408 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
409 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
410 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
411 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
412 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
413 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
414 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
415 1001010100011001 eicall
416 1001010000011001 eijmp