[tests] fix timeout issues from TestNode
Fixes a couple of bugs from the introduction of TestNode:
- test scripts were no longer able to specify a custom timeout for
starting a node. Therefore tests with nodes that take a long time to
start up (eg pruning.py) would fail.
- the test for whether a node has failed on start up was broken
by changing 'assert x is None' to 'assert not x'. Since
subprocess.poll() can return None (indicating the node is still running)
or 0 (indicating the node exited with return code 0), this was a
regression.