From 18d0ddaee98642e2880761dc07141b1b92341a84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jakub Jelinek Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2001 00:34:36 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] bfd/ * libbfd-in.h (_bfd_merge_section): New. (_bfd_write_merged_section): New. (_bfd_merged_section_offset): New. * libbfd.h: Rebuilt. * linker.c (_bfd_generic_link_output_symbols): Handle discard_sec_merge. * aoutx.h (aout_link_write_symbols): Likewise. * pdp11.c (aout_link_write_symbols): Likewise. * elflink.h (elf_link_add_object_symbols): Call _bfd_merge_section. (elf_bfd_final_link): Adjust global symbols pointing into SEC_MERGE sections. (elf_link_sec_merge_syms): New. (elf_link_input_bfd): Call _bfd_merged_section_offset and _bfd_write_merged_section. Handle discard_sec_merge. * elf-bfd.h (struct elf_link_hash_table): Add merge_info field. (struct bfd_elf_section_data): Likewise. * elf.c (_bfd_elf_make_section_from_shdr): Set SEC_MERGE and SEC_STRINGS section flags and entsize from their ELF counterparts. (_bfd_elf_link_hash_table_init): Initialize merge_info. (elf_fake_sections): Set SHF_MERGE, SHF_STRINGS and sh_entsize from their BFD counterparts. * merge.c: New file. * Makefile.am: Add strtab.lo. * Makefile.in: Rebuilt. include/ * bfdlink.h (bfd_link_discard): Add discard_sec_merge. gas/ * config/obj-elf.c (obj_elf_change_section): Add entsize argument, handle SHF_MERGE and SHF_STRINGS. (obj_elf_parse_section_letters): Set SHF_MERGE and SHF_STRINGS. (obj_elf_section): Allow additional argument specifying entity size. * write.c (adjust_reloc_syms): Keep relocations against local symbols in SEC_MERGE sections. ld/ * ldmain.c (main): Default to discard_sec_merge. * lexsup.c (OPTION_DISCARD_NONE): Define. (ld_options): Add --discard-none. (parse_args): Handle OPTION_DISCARD_NONE. * ldlang.c (wild_doit): SEC_MERGE should be set in the output section only if SEC_MERGE and SEC_STRINGS flags and entsize of all its input sections match. --- bfd/ChangeLog | 29 +++ bfd/Makefile.am | 5 +- bfd/Makefile.in | 7 +- bfd/aoutx.h | 1 + bfd/bfd-in2.h | 12 + bfd/elf-bfd.h | 4 + bfd/elf.c | 15 ++ bfd/elflink.h | 86 +++++++- bfd/libbfd-in.h | 15 ++ bfd/libbfd.h | 15 ++ bfd/linker.c | 6 + bfd/merge.c | 606 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ bfd/pdp11.c | 1 + gas/ChangeLog | 9 + gas/config/obj-elf.c | 46 +++- gas/write.c | 7 + include/ChangeLog | 4 + include/bfdlink.h | 2 + ld/ChangeLog | 10 + ld/ldlang.c | 14 ++ ld/ldmain.c | 4 +- ld/lexsup.c | 8 +- 22 files changed, 882 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) create mode 100644 bfd/merge.c diff --git a/bfd/ChangeLog b/bfd/ChangeLog index f16feaa61..623d29660 100644 --- a/bfd/ChangeLog +++ b/bfd/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,32 @@ +2001-04-13 Jakub Jelinek + + * libbfd-in.h (_bfd_merge_section): New. + (_bfd_write_merged_section): New. + (_bfd_merged_section_offset): New. + * libbfd.h: Rebuilt. + * linker.c (_bfd_generic_link_output_symbols): Handle + discard_sec_merge. + * aoutx.h (aout_link_write_symbols): Likewise. + * pdp11.c (aout_link_write_symbols): Likewise. + * elflink.h (elf_link_add_object_symbols): Call _bfd_merge_section. + (elf_bfd_final_link): Adjust global symbols pointing into SEC_MERGE + sections. + (elf_link_sec_merge_syms): New. + (elf_link_input_bfd): Call _bfd_merged_section_offset + and _bfd_write_merged_section. + Handle discard_sec_merge. + * elf-bfd.h (struct elf_link_hash_table): Add merge_info + field. + (struct bfd_elf_section_data): Likewise. + * elf.c (_bfd_elf_make_section_from_shdr): Set SEC_MERGE and + SEC_STRINGS section flags and entsize from their ELF counterparts. + (_bfd_elf_link_hash_table_init): Initialize merge_info. + (elf_fake_sections): Set SHF_MERGE, SHF_STRINGS and sh_entsize + from their BFD counterparts. + * merge.c: New file. + * Makefile.am: Add strtab.lo. + * Makefile.in: Rebuilt. + 2001-04-09 Hans-Peter Nilsson * elflink.h (elf_fix_symbol_flags): For non-default visibilities, diff --git a/bfd/Makefile.am b/bfd/Makefile.am index c75439c82..0eeb3b44c 100644 --- a/bfd/Makefile.am +++ b/bfd/Makefile.am @@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ BFD_LIBS = \ format.lo init.lo libbfd.lo opncls.lo reloc.lo \ section.lo syms.lo targets.lo hash.lo linker.lo \ srec.lo binary.lo tekhex.lo ihex.lo stabs.lo stab-syms.lo \ - dwarf2.lo + merge.lo dwarf2.lo BFD_LIBS_CFILES = \ archive.c archures.c bfd.c cache.c coffgen.c corefile.c \ format.c init.c libbfd.c opncls.c reloc.c \ section.c syms.c targets.c hash.c linker.c \ srec.c binary.c tekhex.c ihex.c stabs.c stab-syms.c \ - dwarf2.c + merge.c dwarf2.c # This list is alphabetized to make it easier to keep in sync # with the decls and initializer in archures.c. @@ -780,6 +780,7 @@ stabs.lo: stabs.c $(INCDIR)/filenames.h $(INCDIR)/aout/stab_gnu.h \ $(INCDIR)/aout/stab.def stab-syms.lo: stab-syms.c libaout.h $(INCDIR)/bfdlink.h \ $(INCDIR)/aout/aout64.h $(INCDIR)/aout/stab.def +merge.lo: merge.c $(INCDIR)/filenames.h dwarf2.lo: dwarf2.c $(INCDIR)/filenames.h $(INCDIR)/libiberty.h \ elf-bfd.h $(INCDIR)/elf/common.h $(INCDIR)/elf/internal.h \ $(INCDIR)/elf/external.h $(INCDIR)/bfdlink.h $(INCDIR)/elf/dwarf2.h diff --git a/bfd/Makefile.in b/bfd/Makefile.in index d85434616..670cd1b12 100644 --- a/bfd/Makefile.in +++ b/bfd/Makefile.in @@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ BFD_H = bfd.h # for the debugger, so if you are downloading things as S-records you # need two copies of the executable, one to download and one for the # debugger). -BFD_LIBS = archive.lo archures.lo bfd.lo cache.lo coffgen.lo corefile.lo format.lo init.lo libbfd.lo opncls.lo reloc.lo section.lo syms.lo targets.lo hash.lo linker.lo srec.lo binary.lo tekhex.lo ihex.lo stabs.lo stab-syms.lo dwarf2.lo +BFD_LIBS = archive.lo archures.lo bfd.lo cache.lo coffgen.lo corefile.lo format.lo init.lo libbfd.lo opncls.lo reloc.lo section.lo syms.lo targets.lo hash.lo linker.lo srec.lo binary.lo tekhex.lo ihex.lo stabs.lo stab-syms.lo merge.lo dwarf2.lo -BFD_LIBS_CFILES = archive.c archures.c bfd.c cache.c coffgen.c corefile.c format.c init.c libbfd.c opncls.c reloc.c section.c syms.c targets.c hash.c linker.c srec.c binary.c tekhex.c ihex.c stabs.c stab-syms.c dwarf2.c +BFD_LIBS_CFILES = archive.c archures.c bfd.c cache.c coffgen.c corefile.c format.c init.c libbfd.c opncls.c reloc.c section.c syms.c targets.c hash.c linker.c srec.c binary.c tekhex.c ihex.c stabs.c stab-syms.c merge.c dwarf2.c # This list is alphabetized to make it easier to keep in sync @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ LTLIBRARIES = $(lib_LTLIBRARIES) libbfd_la_OBJECTS = archive.lo archures.lo bfd.lo cache.lo coffgen.lo \ corefile.lo format.lo init.lo libbfd.lo opncls.lo reloc.lo section.lo \ syms.lo targets.lo hash.lo linker.lo srec.lo binary.lo tekhex.lo \ -ihex.lo stabs.lo stab-syms.lo dwarf2.lo +ihex.lo stabs.lo stab-syms.lo merge.lo dwarf2.lo CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@ COMPILE = $(CC) $(DEFS) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) LTCOMPILE = $(LIBTOOL) --mode=compile $(CC) $(DEFS) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(AM_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) @@ -887,6 +887,7 @@ stabs.lo: stabs.c $(INCDIR)/filenames.h $(INCDIR)/aout/stab_gnu.h \ $(INCDIR)/aout/stab.def stab-syms.lo: stab-syms.c libaout.h $(INCDIR)/bfdlink.h \ $(INCDIR)/aout/aout64.h $(INCDIR)/aout/stab.def +merge.lo: merge.c $(INCDIR)/filenames.h dwarf2.lo: dwarf2.c $(INCDIR)/filenames.h $(INCDIR)/libiberty.h \ elf-bfd.h $(INCDIR)/elf/common.h $(INCDIR)/elf/internal.h \ $(INCDIR)/elf/external.h $(INCDIR)/bfdlink.h $(INCDIR)/elf/dwarf2.h diff --git a/bfd/aoutx.h b/bfd/aoutx.h index f1aae0e86..4ed28d974 100644 --- a/bfd/aoutx.h +++ b/bfd/aoutx.h @@ -4341,6 +4341,7 @@ aout_link_write_symbols (finfo, input_bfd) switch (discard) { case discard_none: + case discard_sec_merge: break; case discard_l: if ((type & N_STAB) == 0 diff --git a/bfd/bfd-in2.h b/bfd/bfd-in2.h index 213ef842f..601f351b7 100644 --- a/bfd/bfd-in2.h +++ b/bfd/bfd-in2.h @@ -1102,6 +1102,14 @@ typedef struct sec references found to any symbol in the section. */ #define SEC_CLINK 0x10000000 + /* Attempt to merge identical entities in the section. + Entity size is given in the entsize field. */ +#define SEC_MERGE 0x20000000 + + /* If given with SEC_MERGE, entities to merge are zero terminated strings + where entsize specifies character size instead of fixed size entries. */ +#define SEC_STRINGS 0x40000000 + /* End of section flags. */ /* Some internal packed boolean fields. */ @@ -1214,6 +1222,10 @@ typedef struct sec unsigned int lineno_count; + /* Entity size for merging purposes. */ + + unsigned int entsize; + /* Optional information about a COMDAT entry; NULL if not COMDAT. */ struct bfd_comdat_info *comdat; diff --git a/bfd/elf-bfd.h b/bfd/elf-bfd.h index c6c9e90f2..e1b61a2b7 100644 --- a/bfd/elf-bfd.h +++ b/bfd/elf-bfd.h @@ -241,6 +241,8 @@ struct elf_link_hash_table struct elf_link_hash_entry *hgot; /* A pointer to information used to link stabs in sections. */ PTR stab_info; + /* A pointer to information used to merge SEC_MERGE sections. */ + PTR merge_info; /* A linked list of local symbols to be added to .dynsym. */ struct elf_link_local_dynamic_entry *dynlocal; /* A linked list of DT_RPATH/DT_RUNPATH names found in dynamic @@ -712,6 +714,8 @@ struct bfd_elf_section_data long dynindx; /* A pointer used for .stab linking optimizations. */ PTR stab_info; + /* A pointer used for SEC_MERGE optimizations. */ + PTR merge_info; /* A pointer available for the processor specific ELF backend. */ PTR tdata; /* Nonzero if this section uses RELA relocations, rather than REL. */ diff --git a/bfd/elf.c b/bfd/elf.c index 915ddb271..92a546d3c 100644 --- a/bfd/elf.c +++ b/bfd/elf.c @@ -386,6 +386,13 @@ _bfd_elf_make_section_from_shdr (abfd, hdr, name) flags |= SEC_CODE; else if ((flags & SEC_LOAD) != 0) flags |= SEC_DATA; + if ((hdr->sh_flags & SHF_MERGE) != 0) + { + flags |= SEC_MERGE; + newsect->entsize = hdr->sh_entsize; + if ((hdr->sh_flags & SHF_STRINGS) != 0) + flags |= SEC_STRINGS; + } /* The debugging sections appear to be recognized only by name, not any sort of flag. */ @@ -1031,6 +1038,7 @@ _bfd_elf_link_hash_table_init (table, abfd, newfunc) table->runpath = NULL; table->hgot = NULL; table->stab_info = NULL; + table->merge_info = NULL; table->dynlocal = NULL; return _bfd_link_hash_table_init (&table->root, abfd, newfunc); } @@ -1809,6 +1817,13 @@ elf_fake_sections (abfd, asect, failedptrarg) this_hdr->sh_flags |= SHF_WRITE; if ((asect->flags & SEC_CODE) != 0) this_hdr->sh_flags |= SHF_EXECINSTR; + if ((asect->flags & SEC_MERGE) != 0) + { + this_hdr->sh_flags |= SHF_MERGE; + this_hdr->sh_entsize = asect->entsize; + if ((asect->flags & SEC_STRINGS) != 0) + this_hdr->sh_flags |= SHF_STRINGS; + } /* Check for processor-specific section types. */ if (bed->elf_backend_fake_sections) diff --git a/bfd/elflink.h b/bfd/elflink.h index 554713ba9..d175223ff 100644 --- a/bfd/elflink.h +++ b/bfd/elflink.h @@ -2167,6 +2167,18 @@ elf_link_add_object_symbols (abfd, info) } } + if (! info->relocateable && ! dynamic) + { + asection *s; + + for (s = abfd->sections; s != NULL; s = s->next) + if ((s->flags & SEC_MERGE) + && ! _bfd_merge_section (abfd, + &elf_hash_table (info)->merge_info, + s, &elf_section_data (s)->merge_info)) + goto error_return; + } + return true; error_return: @@ -4069,6 +4081,8 @@ static boolean elf_link_flush_output_syms PARAMS ((struct elf_final_link_info *)); static boolean elf_link_output_extsym PARAMS ((struct elf_link_hash_entry *, PTR)); +static boolean elf_link_sec_merge_syms + PARAMS ((struct elf_link_hash_entry *, PTR)); static boolean elf_link_input_bfd PARAMS ((struct elf_final_link_info *, bfd *)); static boolean elf_reloc_link_order @@ -4218,6 +4232,7 @@ elf_bfd_final_link (abfd, info) Elf_Internal_Shdr *symstrtab_hdr; struct elf_backend_data *bed = get_elf_backend_data (abfd); struct elf_outext_info eoinfo; + boolean merged; if (info->shared) abfd->flags |= DYNAMIC; @@ -4263,6 +4278,7 @@ elf_bfd_final_link (abfd, info) max_external_reloc_size = 0; max_internal_reloc_count = 0; max_sym_count = 0; + merged = false; for (o = abfd->sections; o != (asection *) NULL; o = o->next) { o->reloc_count = 0; @@ -4284,6 +4300,9 @@ elf_bfd_final_link (abfd, info) the linker has decided to not include. */ sec->linker_mark = true; + if (sec->flags & SEC_MERGE) + merged = true; + if (info->relocateable || info->emitrelocations) o->reloc_count += sec->reloc_count; @@ -4341,6 +4360,10 @@ elf_bfd_final_link (abfd, info) o->vma = 0; } + if (! info->relocateable && merged) + elf_link_hash_traverse (elf_hash_table (info), + elf_link_sec_merge_syms, (PTR) abfd); + /* Figure out the file positions for everything but the symbol table and the relocs. We set symcount to force assign_section_numbers to create a symbol table. */ @@ -5060,6 +5083,33 @@ elf_link_flush_output_syms (finfo) return true; } +/* Adjust all external symbols pointing into SEC_MERGE sections + to reflect the object merging within the sections. */ + +static boolean +elf_link_sec_merge_syms (h, data) + struct elf_link_hash_entry *h; + PTR data; +{ + asection *sec; + + if ((h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defined + || h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_defweak) + && ((sec = h->root.u.def.section)->flags & SEC_MERGE) + && elf_section_data (sec)->merge_info) + { + bfd *output_bfd = (bfd *) data; + + h->root.u.def.value = + _bfd_merged_section_offset (output_bfd, + &h->root.u.def.section, + elf_section_data (sec)->merge_info, + h->root.u.def.value, (bfd_vma) 0); + } + + return true; +} + /* Add an external symbol to the symbol table. This is called from the hash table traversal routine. When generating a shared object, we go through the symbol table twice. The first time we output @@ -5525,7 +5575,15 @@ elf_link_input_bfd (finfo, input_bfd) name = isec->name; } else if (isym->st_shndx > 0 && isym->st_shndx < SHN_LORESERVE) - isec = section_from_elf_index (input_bfd, isym->st_shndx); + { + isec = section_from_elf_index (input_bfd, isym->st_shndx); + if (isec && elf_section_data (isec)->merge_info + && ELF_ST_TYPE (isym->st_info) != STT_SECTION) + isym->st_value = + _bfd_merged_section_offset (output_bfd, &isec, + elf_section_data (isec)->merge_info, + isym->st_value, (bfd_vma) 0); + } else if (isym->st_shndx == SHN_ABS) { isec = bfd_abs_section_ptr; @@ -5627,7 +5685,9 @@ elf_link_input_bfd (finfo, input_bfd) if ((finfo->info->strip == strip_some && (bfd_hash_lookup (finfo->info->keep_hash, name, false, false) == NULL)) - || (finfo->info->discard == discard_l + || (((finfo->info->discard == discard_sec_merge + && (isec->flags & SEC_MERGE) && ! finfo->info->relocateable) + || finfo->info->discard == discard_l) && bfd_is_local_label_name (input_bfd, name))) continue; @@ -5889,7 +5949,20 @@ elf_link_input_bfd (finfo, input_bfd) } /* Write out the modified section contents. */ - if (elf_section_data (o)->stab_info == NULL) + if (elf_section_data (o)->stab_info) + { + if (! (_bfd_write_section_stabs + (output_bfd, &elf_hash_table (finfo->info)->stab_info, + o, &elf_section_data (o)->stab_info, contents))) + return false; + } + else if (elf_section_data (o)->merge_info) + { + if (! (_bfd_write_merged_section + (output_bfd, o, elf_section_data (o)->merge_info))) + return false; + } + else { if (! (o->flags & SEC_EXCLUDE) && ! bfd_set_section_contents (output_bfd, o->output_section, @@ -5899,13 +5972,6 @@ elf_link_input_bfd (finfo, input_bfd) : o->_raw_size))) return false; } - else - { - if (! (_bfd_write_section_stabs - (output_bfd, &elf_hash_table (finfo->info)->stab_info, - o, &elf_section_data (o)->stab_info, contents))) - return false; - } } return true; diff --git a/bfd/libbfd-in.h b/bfd/libbfd-in.h index dc2cd1128..dae763541 100644 --- a/bfd/libbfd-in.h +++ b/bfd/libbfd-in.h @@ -462,6 +462,21 @@ extern boolean _bfd_write_stab_strings PARAMS ((bfd *, PTR *)); extern bfd_vma _bfd_stab_section_offset PARAMS ((bfd *, PTR *, asection *, PTR *, bfd_vma)); +/* Attempt to merge a SEC_MERGE section. */ + +extern boolean _bfd_merge_section + PARAMS ((bfd *, PTR *, asection *, PTR *)); + +/* Write out a merged section. */ + +extern boolean _bfd_write_merged_section + PARAMS ((bfd *, asection *, PTR)); + +/* Find an offset within a modified SEC_MERGE section. */ + +extern bfd_vma _bfd_merged_section_offset + PARAMS ((bfd *, asection **, PTR, bfd_vma, bfd_vma)); + /* Create a string table. */ extern struct bfd_strtab_hash *_bfd_stringtab_init PARAMS ((void)); diff --git a/bfd/libbfd.h b/bfd/libbfd.h index 1a8268d19..56e659165 100644 --- a/bfd/libbfd.h +++ b/bfd/libbfd.h @@ -462,6 +462,21 @@ extern boolean _bfd_write_stab_strings PARAMS ((bfd *, PTR *)); extern bfd_vma _bfd_stab_section_offset PARAMS ((bfd *, PTR *, asection *, PTR *, bfd_vma)); +/* Attempt to merge a SEC_MERGE section. */ + +extern boolean _bfd_merge_section + PARAMS ((bfd *, PTR *, asection *, PTR *)); + +/* Write out a merged section. */ + +extern boolean _bfd_write_merged_section + PARAMS ((bfd *, asection *, PTR)); + +/* Find an offset within a modified SEC_MERGE section. */ + +extern bfd_vma _bfd_merged_section_offset + PARAMS ((bfd *, asection **, PTR, bfd_vma, bfd_vma)); + /* Create a string table. */ extern struct bfd_strtab_hash *_bfd_stringtab_init PARAMS ((void)); diff --git a/bfd/linker.c b/bfd/linker.c index fcfeb8341..3efaf665d 100644 --- a/bfd/linker.c +++ b/bfd/linker.c @@ -2279,6 +2279,12 @@ _bfd_generic_link_output_symbols (output_bfd, input_bfd, info, psymalloc) case discard_all: output = false; break; + case discard_sec_merge: + output = true; + if (info->relocateable + || ! (sym->section->flags & SEC_MERGE)) + break; + /* FALLTHROUGH */ case discard_l: if (bfd_is_local_label (input_bfd, sym)) output = false; diff --git a/bfd/merge.c b/bfd/merge.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ace069eca --- /dev/null +++ b/bfd/merge.c @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +/* SEC_MERGE support. + Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Written by Jakub Jelinek . + +This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library. + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ + +/* This file contains support for merging duplicate entities within sections, + as used in ELF SHF_MERGE. */ + +#include "bfd.h" +#include "sysdep.h" +#include "libbfd.h" + +#include + +/* An entry in the section merge hash table. */ + +struct sec_merge_hash_entry +{ + struct bfd_hash_entry root; + /* Length of this entry. */ + unsigned int len; + /* Index within the merged section. */ + bfd_size_type index; + /* Which section is it in. */ + asection *sec; + /* Next entity in the hash table. */ + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *next; +}; + +/* The section merge hash table. */ + +struct sec_merge_hash +{ + struct bfd_hash_table table; + /* Next available index. */ + bfd_size_type size; + /* First entity in the SEC_MERGE sections of this type. */ + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *first; + /* Last entity in the SEC_MERGE sections of this type. */ + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *last; + /* Entity size. */ + unsigned int entsize; + /* Start of each string needs to be aligned to 1 << alignment_power + octets. */ + unsigned int alignment_power; + /* Are entries fixed size or zero terminated strings? */ + boolean strings; +}; + +struct sec_merge_info +{ + /* Chain of sec_merge_infos. */ + struct sec_merge_info *next; + /* A hash table used to hold section content. */ + struct sec_merge_hash *htab; + /* The last section attempted for merge. */ + asection *last; +}; + +struct sec_merge_sec_info +{ + /* A hash table used to hold section content. */ + struct sec_merge_hash *htab; + /* First string in this section. */ + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *first; + /* Original section content. */ + unsigned char contents[1]; +}; + +static struct bfd_hash_entry *sec_merge_hash_newfunc + PARAMS ((struct bfd_hash_entry *, struct bfd_hash_table *, const char *)); +static struct sec_merge_hash_entry *sec_merge_hash_lookup + PARAMS ((struct sec_merge_hash *, const char *, boolean)); +static struct sec_merge_hash *sec_merge_init + PARAMS ((unsigned int, unsigned int, boolean)); +static struct sec_merge_hash_entry *sec_merge_add + PARAMS ((struct sec_merge_hash *, const char *)); +static boolean sec_merge_emit + PARAMS ((bfd *, struct sec_merge_hash *, struct sec_merge_hash_entry *)); + +/* Routine to create an entry in a section merge hashtab. */ + +static struct bfd_hash_entry * +sec_merge_hash_newfunc (entry, table, string) + struct bfd_hash_entry *entry; + struct bfd_hash_table *table; + const char *string; +{ + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *ret = (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) entry; + + /* Allocate the structure if it has not already been allocated by a + subclass. */ + if (ret == (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) NULL) + ret = ((struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) + bfd_hash_allocate (table, sizeof (struct sec_merge_hash_entry))); + if (ret == (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) NULL) + return NULL; + + /* Call the allocation method of the superclass. */ + ret = ((struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) + bfd_hash_newfunc ((struct bfd_hash_entry *) ret, table, string)); + + if (ret) + { + /* Initialize the local fields. */ + ret->index = (bfd_size_type) -1; + ret->sec = NULL; + ret->next = NULL; + } + + return (struct bfd_hash_entry *)ret; +} + +/* Look up an entry in a section merge hash table. */ + +static struct sec_merge_hash_entry * +sec_merge_hash_lookup (table, string, create) + struct sec_merge_hash *table; + const char *string; + boolean create; +{ + register const unsigned char *s; + register unsigned long hash; + register unsigned int c; + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *hashp; + unsigned int len, i; + unsigned int index; + + hash = 0; + len = 0; + s = (const unsigned char *) string; + if (table->strings) + { + if (table->entsize == 1) + { + while ((c = *s++) != '\0') + { + hash += c + (c << 17); + hash ^= hash >> 2; + ++len; + } + hash += len + (len << 17); + } + else + { + for (;;) + { + for (i = 0; i < table->entsize; ++i) + if (s[i] != '\0') + break; + if (i == table->entsize) + break; + for (i = 0; i < table->entsize; ++i) + { + c = *s++; + hash += c + (c << 17); + hash ^= hash >> 2; + } + ++len; + } + hash += len + (len << 17); + len *= table->entsize; + } + hash ^= hash >> 2; + len += table->entsize; + } + else + { + for (i = 0; i < table->entsize; ++i) + { + c = *s++; + hash += c + (c << 17); + hash ^= hash >> 2; + } + len = table->entsize; + } + + index = hash % table->table.size; + for (hashp = (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) table->table.table[index]; + hashp != (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) NULL; + hashp = (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) hashp->next) + { + if (hashp->root.hash == hash + && len == hashp->len + && memcmp (hashp->root.string, string, len) == 0) + return hashp; + } + + if (! create) + return (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) NULL; + + hashp = (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) + sec_merge_hash_newfunc ((struct bfd_hash_entry *) NULL, + (struct bfd_hash_table *) table, string); + if (hashp == (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) NULL) + return (struct sec_merge_hash_entry *) NULL; + hashp->root.string = string; + hashp->root.hash = hash; + hashp->len = len; + hashp->root.next = table->table.table[index]; + table->table.table[index] = (struct bfd_hash_entry *) hashp; + + return hashp; +} + +/* Create a new hash table. */ + +static struct sec_merge_hash * +sec_merge_init (alignment_power, entsize, strings) + unsigned int alignment_power, entsize; + boolean strings; +{ + struct sec_merge_hash *table; + + table = ((struct sec_merge_hash *) + bfd_malloc (sizeof (struct sec_merge_hash))); + if (table == NULL) + return NULL; + + if (! bfd_hash_table_init (&table->table, sec_merge_hash_newfunc)) + { + free (table); + return NULL; + } + + table->size = 0; + table->first = NULL; + table->last = NULL; + table->alignment_power = alignment_power; + table->entsize = entsize; + table->strings = strings; + + return table; +} + +/* Get the index of an entity in a hash table, adding it if it is not + already present. */ + +static struct sec_merge_hash_entry * +sec_merge_add (tab, str) + struct sec_merge_hash *tab; + const char *str; +{ + register struct sec_merge_hash_entry *entry; + + entry = sec_merge_hash_lookup (tab, str, true); + if (entry == NULL) + return NULL; + + if (entry->index == (bfd_size_type) -1) + { + entry->index = tab->size; + tab->size += entry->len; + tab->size = align_power (tab->size, tab->alignment_power); + if (tab->first == NULL) + tab->first = entry; + else + tab->last->next = entry; + tab->last = entry; + } + + return entry; +} + +static boolean +sec_merge_emit (abfd, tab, entry) + register bfd *abfd; + struct sec_merge_hash *tab; + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *entry; +{ + asection *sec = entry->sec; + char *pad = ""; + + if (tab->alignment_power) + pad = bfd_zmalloc (1 << tab->alignment_power); + + for (; entry != NULL && entry->sec == sec; entry = entry->next) + { + register const char *str; + register size_t len; + + str = entry->root.string; + len = entry->len; + + if (bfd_write ((PTR) str, 1, len, abfd) != len) + break; + + if (tab->alignment_power) + { + len &= (1 << tab->alignment_power) - 1; + if (len && bfd_write ((PTR) pad, 1, + (1 << tab->alignment_power) - len, + abfd) != (1 << tab->alignment_power) - len) + break; + } + } + + if (tab->alignment_power) + free (pad); + + return entry == NULL || entry->sec != sec; +} + +/* This function is called for each input file from the add_symbols + pass of the linker. */ + +boolean +_bfd_merge_section (abfd, psinfo, sec, psecinfo) + bfd *abfd; + PTR *psinfo; + asection *sec; + PTR *psecinfo; +{ + boolean first, nul; + struct sec_merge_info *sinfo; + struct sec_merge_sec_info *secinfo; + unsigned char *p, *end; + bfd_vma mask; + unsigned int align; + unsigned int i; + + if (sec->_raw_size == 0 + || (sec->flags & SEC_MERGE) == 0 + || sec->entsize == 0) + return true; + + if ((sec->flags & SEC_RELOC) != 0) + { + /* We aren't prepared to handle relocations in merged sections. */ + return true; + } + + if (sec->output_section != NULL + && bfd_is_abs_section (sec->output_section)) + { + /* The section is being discarded from the link, so we should + just ignore it. */ + return true; + } + + align = bfd_get_section_alignment (abfd, sec); + if ((sec->flags & SEC_STRINGS) + && ((sec->entsize < (unsigned int)(1 << align) + && (sec->entsize & (sec->entsize - 1))) + || (sec->entsize > (unsigned int)(1 << align) + && (sec->entsize & ((1 << align) - 1))))) + { + /* Sanity check. If string character size is smaller than + alignment, then we require character size to be a power + of 2, otherwise character size must be integer multiple + of alignment. */ + return true; + } + + first = false; + + for (sinfo = (struct sec_merge_info *) *psinfo; sinfo; sinfo = sinfo->next) + if (! ((sinfo->last->flags ^ sec->flags) & (SEC_MERGE | SEC_STRINGS)) + && sinfo->last->entsize == sec->entsize + && ! strcmp (sinfo->last->name, sec->name) + && bfd_get_section_alignment (abfd, sinfo->last) == align) + break; + + if (sinfo == NULL) + { + /* Initialize the information we need to keep track of. */ + first = true; + sinfo = (struct sec_merge_info *) + bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (struct sec_merge_info)); + if (sinfo == NULL) + goto error_return; + sinfo->next = (struct sec_merge_info *) *psinfo; + *psinfo = (PTR) sinfo; + sinfo->htab = + sec_merge_init ((sec->flags & SEC_STRINGS) ? align : 0, + sec->entsize, (sec->flags & SEC_STRINGS)); + if (sinfo->htab == NULL) + goto error_return; + } + + /* Read the section from abfd. */ + + *psecinfo = bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (struct sec_merge_sec_info) + + sec->_raw_size - 1); + if (*psecinfo == NULL) + goto error_return; + + secinfo = (struct sec_merge_sec_info *)*psecinfo; + secinfo->htab = sinfo->htab; + sinfo->htab->size = 0; + secinfo->first = NULL; + + if (! bfd_get_section_contents (abfd, sec, secinfo->contents, 0, + sec->_raw_size)) + goto error_return; + + end = secinfo->contents + sec->_raw_size; + nul = false; + mask = ((bfd_vma)1 << sinfo->htab->alignment_power) - 1; + if (sec->flags & SEC_STRINGS) + { + for (p = secinfo->contents; p < end;) + { + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *entry; + + entry = sec_merge_add (sinfo->htab, p); + if (entry->sec == NULL) + { + if (secinfo->first == NULL) + secinfo->first = entry; + entry->sec = sec; + } + p += entry->len; + if (sec->entsize == 1) + { + while (p < end && *p == 0) + { + if (!nul && !((p - secinfo->contents) & mask)) + { + nul = true; + entry = sec_merge_add (sinfo->htab, ""); + if (entry->sec == NULL) + { + if (secinfo->first == NULL) + secinfo->first = entry; + entry->sec = sec; + } + } + p++; + } + } + else + { + while (p < end) + { + for (i = 0; i < sec->entsize; i++) + if (p[i] != '\0') + break; + if (i != sec->entsize) + break; + if (!nul && !((p - secinfo->contents) & mask)) + { + nul = true; + entry = sec_merge_add (sinfo->htab, p); + if (entry->sec == NULL) + { + if (secinfo->first == NULL) + secinfo->first = entry; + entry->sec = sec; + } + } + p += sec->entsize; + } + } + } + } + else + { + for (p = secinfo->contents; p < end; p += sec->entsize) + { + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *entry; + + entry = sec_merge_add (sinfo->htab, p); + if (entry->sec == NULL) + { + if (secinfo->first == NULL) + secinfo->first = entry; + entry->sec = sec; + } + } + } + + sec->_cooked_size = sinfo->htab->size; + if (!sec->_cooked_size) + sec->flags |= SEC_EXCLUDE; + sinfo->last = sec; + return true; + + error_return: + if (*psecinfo != NULL) + free (*psecinfo); + *psecinfo = NULL; + return false; +} + +/* Write out the merged section. */ + +boolean +_bfd_write_merged_section (output_bfd, sec, psecinfo) + bfd *output_bfd; + asection *sec; + PTR psecinfo; +{ + struct sec_merge_sec_info *secinfo; + + secinfo = (struct sec_merge_sec_info *) psecinfo; + + if (!secinfo->first) + return true; + + if (bfd_seek (output_bfd, + (sec->output_section->filepos + sec->output_offset), + SEEK_SET) != 0) + return false; + + if (! sec_merge_emit (output_bfd, secinfo->htab, secinfo->first)) + return false; + + return true; +} + +/* Adjust an address in the SEC_MERGE section. Given OFFSET within + *PSEC, this returns the new offset in the adjusted SEC_MERGE + section and writes the new section back into *PSEC. */ + +bfd_vma +_bfd_merged_section_offset (output_bfd, psec, psecinfo, offset, addend) + bfd *output_bfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED; + asection **psec; + PTR psecinfo; + bfd_vma offset, addend; +{ + struct sec_merge_sec_info *secinfo; + struct sec_merge_hash_entry *entry; + unsigned char *p; + asection *sec = *psec; + + secinfo = (struct sec_merge_sec_info *) psecinfo; + + if (offset + addend >= sec->_raw_size) + { + if (offset + addend > sec->_raw_size) + (*_bfd_error_handler) (_("%s: access beyond end of merged section (%ld + %ld)"), + bfd_get_filename (sec->owner), (long)offset, + (long) addend); + return (secinfo->first ? sec->_cooked_size : 0); + } + + if (secinfo->htab->strings) + { + if (sec->entsize == 1) + { + p = secinfo->contents + offset + addend - 1; + while (*p && p >= secinfo->contents) + --p; + ++p; + } + else + { + p = secinfo->contents + + ((offset + addend) / sec->entsize) * sec->entsize; + p -= sec->entsize; + while (p >= secinfo->contents) + { + unsigned int i; + + for (i = 0; i < sec->entsize; ++i) + if (p[i] != '\0') + break; + if (i == sec->entsize) + break; + p -= sec->entsize; + } + p += sec->entsize; + } + } + else + { + p = secinfo->contents + + ((offset + addend) / sec->entsize) * sec->entsize; + } + entry = sec_merge_hash_lookup (secinfo->htab, p, false); + if (!entry) + { + if (! secinfo->htab->strings) + abort (); + /* This should only happen if somebody points into the padding + after a NUL character but before next entity. */ + if (*p) + abort (); + if (! secinfo->htab->first) + abort (); + entry = secinfo->htab->first; + p = secinfo->contents + + ((offset + addend) / sec->entsize + 1) * sec->entsize + - entry->len; + } + + *psec = entry->sec; + return entry->index + (secinfo->contents + offset - p); +} diff --git a/bfd/pdp11.c b/bfd/pdp11.c index af5669887..c7e9c3cea 100644 --- a/bfd/pdp11.c +++ b/bfd/pdp11.c @@ -4110,6 +4110,7 @@ aout_link_write_symbols (finfo, input_bfd) switch (discard) { case discard_none: + case discard_sec_merge: break; case discard_l: if ((type & N_STAB) == 0 diff --git a/gas/ChangeLog b/gas/ChangeLog index 901e73e92..873c16a69 100644 --- a/gas/ChangeLog +++ b/gas/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,12 @@ +2001-04-13 Jakub Jelinek + + * config/obj-elf.c (obj_elf_change_section): Add entsize argument, + handle SHF_MERGE and SHF_STRINGS. + (obj_elf_parse_section_letters): Set SHF_MERGE and SHF_STRINGS. + (obj_elf_section): Allow additional argument specifying entity size. + * write.c (adjust_reloc_syms): Keep relocations against local symbols + in SEC_MERGE sections. + 2001-04-12 Jason Merrill * dwarf2dbg.c (process_entries): Don't optimize redundant line notes. diff --git a/gas/config/obj-elf.c b/gas/config/obj-elf.c index 162f02fa2..2510f4b47 100644 --- a/gas/config/obj-elf.c +++ b/gas/config/obj-elf.c @@ -620,9 +620,9 @@ static struct special_section const special_sections[] = }; void -obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, push) +obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, entsize, push) char *name; - int type, attr, push; + int type, attr, entsize, push; { asection *old_sec; segT sec; @@ -690,7 +690,9 @@ obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, push) | ((attr & SHF_WRITE) ? 0 : SEC_READONLY) | ((attr & SHF_ALLOC) ? SEC_ALLOC : 0) | (((attr & SHF_ALLOC) && type != SHT_NOBITS) ? SEC_LOAD : 0) - | ((attr & SHF_EXECINSTR) ? SEC_CODE : 0)); + | ((attr & SHF_EXECINSTR) ? SEC_CODE : 0) + | ((attr & SHF_MERGE) ? SEC_MERGE : 0) + | ((attr & SHF_STRINGS) ? SEC_STRINGS : 0)); #ifdef md_elf_section_flags flags = md_elf_section_flags (flags, attr, type); #endif @@ -704,6 +706,8 @@ obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, push) seg_info (sec)->bss = 1; bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, sec, flags); + if (flags & SEC_MERGE) + sec->entsize = entsize; /* Add a symbol for this section to the symbol table. */ secsym = symbol_find (name); @@ -719,8 +723,10 @@ obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, push) saw the first time. */ if ((old_sec->flags ^ flags) & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_READONLY | SEC_CODE - | SEC_EXCLUDE | SEC_SORT_ENTRIES)) + | SEC_EXCLUDE | SEC_SORT_ENTRIES | SEC_MERGE | SEC_STRINGS)) as_warn (_("Ignoring changed section attributes for %s"), name); + else if ((flags & SEC_MERGE) && old_sec->entsize != entsize) + as_warn (_("Ignoring changed section entity size for %s"), name); } #ifdef md_elf_section_change_hook @@ -748,9 +754,15 @@ obj_elf_parse_section_letters (str, len) case 'x': attr |= SHF_EXECINSTR; break; + case 'm': + attr |= SHF_MERGE; + break; + case 's': + attr |= SHF_STRINGS; + break; default: { - char *bad_msg = _("Unrecognized .section attribute: want a,w,x"); + char *bad_msg = _("Unrecognized .section attribute: want a,m,s,w,x"); #ifdef md_elf_section_letter int md_attr = md_elf_section_letter (*str, &bad_msg); if (md_attr >= 0) @@ -822,6 +834,7 @@ obj_elf_section (push) { char *name, *beg, *end; int type, attr, dummy; + int entsize; #ifndef TC_I370 if (flag_mri) @@ -877,6 +890,7 @@ obj_elf_section (push) type = SHT_NULL; attr = 0; + entsize = 0; if (*input_line_pointer == ',') { @@ -919,6 +933,20 @@ obj_elf_section (push) type = obj_elf_section_type (beg, input_line_pointer - beg); } } + + SKIP_WHITESPACE (); + if ((attr & SHF_MERGE) && *input_line_pointer == ',') + { + ++input_line_pointer; + SKIP_WHITESPACE (); + entsize = get_absolute_expression (); + if (entsize < 0) + { + as_warn (_("Bad .section directive - invalid merge entity size")); + attr &= ~SHF_MERGE; + entsize = 0; + } + } } else { @@ -948,7 +976,13 @@ obj_elf_section (push) demand_empty_rest_of_line (); - obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, push); + if ((attr & SHF_MERGE) && entsize == 0) + { + as_warn (_("Entity size for SHF_MERGE not specified.\nSpecify entity size as 4th argument")); + attr &= SHF_MERGE; + } + + obj_elf_change_section (name, type, attr, entsize, push); } /* Change to the .data section. */ diff --git a/gas/write.c b/gas/write.c index 1a2798be2..151f1cfbe 100644 --- a/gas/write.c +++ b/gas/write.c @@ -872,6 +872,13 @@ adjust_reloc_syms (abfd, sec, xxx) symbol_mark_used_in_reloc (fixp->fx_addsy); goto done; } + + /* Never adjust a reloc against local symbol in a merge section. */ + if (symsec->flags & SEC_MERGE) + { + symbol_mark_used_in_reloc (fixp->fx_addsy); + goto done; + } #endif /* Is there some other reason we can't adjust this one? (E.g., diff --git a/include/ChangeLog b/include/ChangeLog index 3a37d1ac0..a6eb4d911 100644 --- a/include/ChangeLog +++ b/include/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +2001-04-13 Jakub Jelinek + + * bfdlink.h (bfd_link_discard): Add discard_sec_merge. + 2001-04-03 Zack Weinberg * ansidecl.h: All logic from gcc/gansidecl.h moved here. diff --git a/include/bfdlink.h b/include/bfdlink.h index 29eeb6617..765a97a00 100644 --- a/include/bfdlink.h +++ b/include/bfdlink.h @@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ enum bfd_link_strip if strip_all is used. */ enum bfd_link_discard { + discard_sec_merge, /* Discard local temporary symbols in SEC_MERGE + sections. */ discard_none, /* Don't discard any locals. */ discard_l, /* Discard local temporary symbols. */ discard_all /* Discard all locals. */ diff --git a/ld/ChangeLog b/ld/ChangeLog index 5266bf903..8167892e2 100644 --- a/ld/ChangeLog +++ b/ld/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,13 @@ +2001-04-13 Jakub Jelinek + + * ldmain.c (main): Default to discard_sec_merge. + * lexsup.c (OPTION_DISCARD_NONE): Define. + (ld_options): Add --discard-none. + (parse_args): Handle OPTION_DISCARD_NONE. + * ldlang.c (wild_doit): SEC_MERGE should be set in the output + section only if SEC_MERGE and SEC_STRINGS flags and entsize of + all its input sections match. + 2001-04-05 Steven J. Hill * Makefile.am (ALL_EMULATIONS): Add eelf32ltsmip.o. diff --git a/ld/ldlang.c b/ld/ldlang.c index f417a30bf..dbe0697d0 100644 --- a/ld/ldlang.c +++ b/ld/ldlang.c @@ -1176,8 +1176,22 @@ wild_doit (ptr, section, output, file) if (! first && (section->output_section->flags & SEC_READONLY) == 0) flags &= ~ SEC_READONLY; + /* Keep SEC_MERGE and SEC_STRINGS only if they are the same. */ + if (! first + && ((section->output_section->flags & (SEC_MERGE | SEC_STRINGS)) + != (flags & (SEC_MERGE | SEC_STRINGS)) + || ((flags & SEC_MERGE) + && section->output_section->entsize != section->entsize))) + { + section->output_section->flags &= ~ (SEC_MERGE | SEC_STRINGS); + flags &= ~ (SEC_MERGE | SEC_STRINGS); + } + section->output_section->flags |= flags; + if (flags & SEC_MERGE) + section->output_section->entsize = section->entsize; + /* If SEC_READONLY is not set in the input section, then clear it from the output section. */ if ((section->flags & SEC_READONLY) == 0) diff --git a/ld/ldmain.c b/ld/ldmain.c index 011345382..4e9827f64 100644 --- a/ld/ldmain.c +++ b/ld/ldmain.c @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ main (argc, argv) link_info.no_undefined = false; link_info.allow_shlib_undefined = false; link_info.strip = strip_none; - link_info.discard = discard_none; + link_info.discard = discard_sec_merge; link_info.keep_memory = true; link_info.input_bfds = NULL; link_info.create_object_symbols_section = NULL; @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ main (argc, argv) if (link_info.relocateable && link_info.strip == strip_all) { link_info.strip = strip_debugger; - if (link_info.discard == discard_none) + if (link_info.discard == discard_sec_merge) link_info.discard = discard_all; } diff --git a/ld/lexsup.c b/ld/lexsup.c index 3664a85c6..0d931b1e6 100644 --- a/ld/lexsup.c +++ b/ld/lexsup.c @@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ int parsing_defsym = 0; #define OPTION_UNIQUE (OPTION_SECTION_START + 1) #define OPTION_TARGET_HELP (OPTION_UNIQUE + 1) #define OPTION_ALLOW_SHLIB_UNDEFINED (OPTION_TARGET_HELP + 1) +#define OPTION_DISCARD_NONE (OPTION_ALLOW_SHLIB_UNDEFINED + 1) /* The long options. This structure is used for both the option parsing and the help text. */ @@ -248,7 +249,9 @@ static const struct ld_option ld_options[] = { {"discard-all", no_argument, NULL, 'x'}, 'x', NULL, N_("Discard all local symbols"), TWO_DASHES }, { {"discard-locals", no_argument, NULL, 'X'}, - 'X', NULL, N_("Discard temporary local symbols"), TWO_DASHES }, + 'X', NULL, N_("Discard temporary local symbols (default)"), TWO_DASHES }, + { {"discard-none", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_DISCARD_NONE}, + '\0', NULL, N_("Don't discard any local symbols"), TWO_DASHES }, { {"trace-symbol", required_argument, NULL, 'y'}, 'y', N_("SYMBOL"), N_("Trace mentions of SYMBOL"), TWO_DASHES }, { {NULL, required_argument, NULL, '\0'}, @@ -1044,6 +1047,9 @@ the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n")); case OPTION_WRAP: add_wrap (optarg); break; + case OPTION_DISCARD_NONE: + link_info.discard = discard_none; + break; case 'X': link_info.discard = discard_l; break; -- 2.11.4.GIT