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32 <h3>License</h3>
33 <p>
34 Copyright &copy 2008 - 2018 Bert Burgemeister
35 <p>
36 </p>
37 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
38 document under the terms of the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
39 Version 1.2; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and
40 no Back-Cover Texts.
41 <p>
42 &nbsp;
43 <p>
44 &nbsp;
45 <p>
46 &nbsp;
47 <p>
48 <h3><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a></h3>
49 <p>
50 Version 1.2, November 2002
51 </p>
53 <pre>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</pre>
54 <pre>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA</pre>
55 <pre>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies</pre>
56 <pre>of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</pre>
58 <p>
59 <h4>0. PREAMBLE</h4>
60 </p>
62 <p>
63 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
64 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
65 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
66 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
67 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
68 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
69 for modifications made by others.
70 </p>
72 <p>
73 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
74 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
75 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
76 license designed for free software.
77 </p>
79 <p>
80 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
81 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
82 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
83 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
84 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
85 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
86 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
87 </p>
89 <p>
90 <h4>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</h4>
91 </p>
93 <p>
94 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
95 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
96 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
97 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
98 work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
99 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
100 licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
101 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
102 under copyright law.
103 </p>
106 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
107 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
108 modifications and/or translated into another language.
109 </p>
112 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
113 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
114 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
115 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
116 within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
117 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
118 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
119 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
120 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
121 them.
122 </p>
125 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
126 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
127 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
128 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
129 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
130 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
131 Sections then there are none.
132 </p>
135 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
136 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
137 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
138 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
139 </p>
142 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
143 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
144 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
145 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
146 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
147 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
148 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
149 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
150 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
151 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
152 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
153 of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
154 </p>
157 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
158 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
159 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
160 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
161 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
162 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
163 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
164 processing tools are not generally available, and the
165 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
166 processors for output purposes only.
167 </p>
170 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
171 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
172 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
173 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
174 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
175 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
176 </p>
179 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
180 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
181 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
182 specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
183 "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
184 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
185 section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
186 </p>
189 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
190 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
191 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
192 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
193 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
194 no effect on the meaning of this License.
195 </p>
198 <h4>2. VERBATIM COPYING</h4>
199 </p>
202 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
203 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
204 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
205 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
206 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
207 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
208 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
209 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
210 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
211 </p>
214 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
215 you may publicly display copies.
216 </p>
219 <h4>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</h4>
220 </p>
223 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
224 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
225 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
226 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
227 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
228 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
229 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
230 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
231 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
232 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
233 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
234 as verbatim copying in other respects.
235 </p>
238 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
239 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
240 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
241 pages.
242 </p>
245 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
246 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
247 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
248 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
249 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
250 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
251 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
252 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
253 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
254 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
255 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
256 edition to the public.
257 </p>
260 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
261 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
262 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
263 </p>
266 <h4>4. MODIFICATIONS</h4>
267 </p>
270 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
271 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
272 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
273 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
274 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
275 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
276 </p>
278 <ul>
279 <li><h4>A.</h4> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
280 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
281 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
282 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
283 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.</li>
284 <li><h4>B.</h4> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
285 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
286 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
287 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
288 unless they release you from this requirement.</li>
289 <li><h4>C.</h4> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
290 Modified Version, as the publisher.</li>
291 <li><h4>D.</h4> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</li>
292 <li><h4>E.</h4> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
293 adjacent to the other copyright notices.</li>
294 <li><h4>F.</h4> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
295 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
296 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</li>
297 <li><h4>G.</h4> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
298 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.</li>
299 <li><h4>H.</h4> Include an unaltered copy of this License.</li>
300 <li><h4>I.</h4> Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
301 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
302 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
303 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
304 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
305 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
306 Version as stated in the previous sentence.</li>
307 <li><h4>J.</h4> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
308 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
309 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
310 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
311 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
312 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
313 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</li>
314 <li><h4>K.</h4> For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
315 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
316 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
317 and/or dedications given therein.</li>
318 <li><h4>L.</h4> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
319 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
320 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.</li>
321 <li><h4>M.</h4> Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
322 may not be included in the Modified Version.</li>
323 <li><h4>N.</h4> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
324 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.</li>
325 <li><h4>O.</h4> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</li>
326 </ul>
329 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
330 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
331 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
332 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
333 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
334 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
335 </p>
338 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
339 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
340 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
341 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
342 standard.
343 </p>
346 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
347 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
348 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
349 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
350 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
351 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
352 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
353 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
354 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
355 </p>
358 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
359 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
360 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
361 </p>
364 <h4>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</h4>
365 </p>
368 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
369 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
370 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
371 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
372 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
373 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
374 </p>
377 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
378 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
379 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
380 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
381 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
382 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
383 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
384 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
385 </p>
388 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
389 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
390 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
391 and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
392 Entitled "Endorsements."
393 </p>
396 <h4>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</h4>
397 </p>
400 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
401 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
402 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
403 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
404 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
405 </p>
408 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
409 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
410 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
411 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
412 </p>
415 <h4>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</h4>
416 </p>
419 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
420 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
421 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
422 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
423 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
424 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
425 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
426 derivative works of the Document.
427 </p>
430 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
431 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
432 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
433 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
434 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
435 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
436 aggregate.
437 </p>
440 <h4>8. TRANSLATION</h4>
441 </p>
444 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
445 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
446 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
447 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
448 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
449 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
450 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
451 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
452 the original English version of this License and the original versions
453 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
454 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
455 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
456 </p>
459 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
460 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
461 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
462 title.
463 </p>
466 <h4>9. TERMINATION</h4>
467 </p>
470 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
471 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
472 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
473 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
474 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
475 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
476 parties remain in full compliance.
477 </p>
480 <h4>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</h4>
481 </p>
484 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
485 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
486 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
487 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
488 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
489 </p>
492 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
493 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
494 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
495 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
496 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
497 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
498 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
499 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
500 </p>
502 <h3>How to use this License for your documents</h3>
505 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
506 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
507 license notices just after the title page:
508 </p>
510 <pre>Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.</pre>
511 <pre>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document</pre>
512 <pre>under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2</pre>
513 <pre>or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;</pre>
514 <pre>with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover</pre>
515 <pre>Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU</pre>
516 <pre>Free Documentation License".</pre>
519 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
520 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
521 </p>
523 <pre>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the</pre>
524 <pre>Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre>
527 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
528 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
529 situation.
530 </p>
533 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
534 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
535 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
536 to permit their use in free software.
537 </p>
541 Copyright notice above.<br />
542 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA
543 <br />
544 Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
545 permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
546 preserved.
547 </p>
549 </td>
550 </tr>
551 <tr>
552 <td class="quicklinks" colspan="2">
553 &nbsp;
554 </td>
555 </tr>
556 <tr>
557 <td class="footer" colspan="2">
558 &copy; 2008 - 2018 &nbsp;
559 <a href="mailto:trebbu@googlemail.com?subject=CLQR ">
560 Bert Burgemeister
561 </a>
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