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32 <h3>License</h3>
33 <p>
34 Copyright &copy 2008 - 2011 Bert Burgemeister
35 <p>
36 </p>
37 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
38 document under the terms of the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
39 Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
40 Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and
41 no Back-Cover Texts.
42 <p>
43 &nbsp;
44 <p>
45 &nbsp;
46 <p>
47 &nbsp;
48 <p>
49 <h3><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a></h3>
50 <p>
51 Version 1.2, November 2002
52 </p>
54 <pre>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</pre>
55 <pre>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA</pre>
56 <pre>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies</pre>
57 <pre>of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</pre>
59 <p>
60 <h4>0. PREAMBLE</h4>
61 </p>
63 <p>
64 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
65 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
66 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
67 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
68 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
69 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
70 for modifications made by others.
71 </p>
73 <p>
74 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
75 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
76 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
77 license designed for free software.
78 </p>
80 <p>
81 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
82 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
83 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
84 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
85 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
86 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
87 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
88 </p>
90 <p>
91 <h4>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</h4>
92 </p>
94 <p>
95 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
96 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
97 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
98 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
99 work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
100 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
101 licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
102 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
103 under copyright law.
104 </p>
107 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
108 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
109 modifications and/or translated into another language.
110 </p>
113 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
114 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
115 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
116 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
117 within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
118 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
119 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
120 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
121 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
122 them.
123 </p>
126 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
127 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
128 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
129 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
130 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
131 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
132 Sections then there are none.
133 </p>
136 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
137 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
138 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
139 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
140 </p>
143 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
144 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
145 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
146 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
147 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
148 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
149 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
150 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
151 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
152 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
153 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
154 of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
155 </p>
158 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
159 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
160 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
161 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
162 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
163 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
164 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
165 processing tools are not generally available, and the
166 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
167 processors for output purposes only.
168 </p>
171 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
172 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
173 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
174 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
175 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
176 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
177 </p>
180 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
181 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
182 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
183 specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
184 "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
185 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
186 section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
187 </p>
190 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
191 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
192 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
193 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
194 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
195 no effect on the meaning of this License.
196 </p>
199 <h4>2. VERBATIM COPYING</h4>
200 </p>
203 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
204 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
205 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
206 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
207 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
208 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
209 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
210 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
211 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
212 </p>
215 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
216 you may publicly display copies.
217 </p>
220 <h4>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</h4>
221 </p>
224 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
225 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
226 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
227 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
228 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
229 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
230 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
231 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
232 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
233 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
234 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
235 as verbatim copying in other respects.
236 </p>
239 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
240 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
241 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
242 pages.
243 </p>
246 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
247 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
248 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
249 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
250 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
251 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
252 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
253 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
254 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
255 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
256 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
257 edition to the public.
258 </p>
261 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
262 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
263 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
264 </p>
267 <h4>4. MODIFICATIONS</h4>
268 </p>
271 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
272 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
273 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
274 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
275 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
276 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
277 </p>
279 <ul>
280 <li><h4>A.</h4> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
281 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
282 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
283 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
284 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.</li>
285 <li><h4>B.</h4> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
286 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
287 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
288 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
289 unless they release you from this requirement.</li>
290 <li><h4>C.</h4> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
291 Modified Version, as the publisher.</li>
292 <li><h4>D.</h4> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</li>
293 <li><h4>E.</h4> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
294 adjacent to the other copyright notices.</li>
295 <li><h4>F.</h4> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
296 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
297 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</li>
298 <li><h4>G.</h4> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
299 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.</li>
300 <li><h4>H.</h4> Include an unaltered copy of this License.</li>
301 <li><h4>I.</h4> Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
302 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
303 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
304 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
305 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
306 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
307 Version as stated in the previous sentence.</li>
308 <li><h4>J.</h4> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
309 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
310 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
311 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
312 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
313 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
314 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</li>
315 <li><h4>K.</h4> For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
316 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
317 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
318 and/or dedications given therein.</li>
319 <li><h4>L.</h4> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
320 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
321 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.</li>
322 <li><h4>M.</h4> Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
323 may not be included in the Modified Version.</li>
324 <li><h4>N.</h4> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
325 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.</li>
326 <li><h4>O.</h4> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.</li>
327 </ul>
330 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
331 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
332 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
333 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
334 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
335 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
336 </p>
339 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
340 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
341 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
342 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
343 standard.
344 </p>
347 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
348 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
349 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
350 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
351 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
352 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
353 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
354 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
355 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
356 </p>
359 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
360 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
361 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
362 </p>
365 <h4>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</h4>
366 </p>
369 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
370 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
371 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
372 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
373 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
374 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
375 </p>
378 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
379 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
380 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
381 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
382 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
383 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
384 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
385 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
386 </p>
389 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
390 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
391 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
392 and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
393 Entitled "Endorsements."
394 </p>
397 <h4>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</h4>
398 </p>
401 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
402 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
403 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
404 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
405 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
406 </p>
409 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
410 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
411 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
412 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
413 </p>
416 <h4>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</h4>
417 </p>
420 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
421 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
422 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
423 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
424 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
425 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
426 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
427 derivative works of the Document.
428 </p>
431 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
432 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
433 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
434 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
435 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
436 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
437 aggregate.
438 </p>
441 <h4>8. TRANSLATION</h4>
442 </p>
445 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
446 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
447 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
448 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
449 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
450 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
451 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
452 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
453 the original English version of this License and the original versions
454 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
455 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
456 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
457 </p>
460 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
461 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
462 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
463 title.
464 </p>
467 <h4>9. TERMINATION</h4>
468 </p>
471 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
472 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
473 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
474 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
475 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
476 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
477 parties remain in full compliance.
478 </p>
481 <h4>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</h4>
482 </p>
485 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
486 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
487 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
488 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
489 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
490 </p>
493 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
494 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
495 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
496 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
497 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
498 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
499 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
500 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
501 </p>
503 <h3>How to use this License for your documents</h3>
506 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
507 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
508 license notices just after the title page:
509 </p>
511 <pre>Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.</pre>
512 <pre>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document</pre>
513 <pre>under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2</pre>
514 <pre>or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;</pre>
515 <pre>with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover</pre>
516 <pre>Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU</pre>
517 <pre>Free Documentation License".</pre>
520 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
521 replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
522 </p>
524 <pre>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the</pre>
525 <pre>Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre>
528 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
529 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
530 situation.
531 </p>
534 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
535 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
536 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
537 to permit their use in free software.
538 </p>
542 Copyright notice above.<br />
543 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA
544 <br />
545 Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
546 permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
547 preserved.
548 </p>
550 </td>
551 </tr>
552 <tr>
553 <td class="quicklinks" colspan="2">
554 &nbsp;
555 </td>
556 </tr>
557 <tr>
558 <td class="footer" colspan="2">
559 &copy; 2008 - 2011 &nbsp;
560 <a href="mailto:trebbu@googlemail.com?subject=CLQR ">
561 Bert Burgemeister
562 </a>
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