[mono] Use `unsigned char` when computing UTF8 string hashes (#21632)
Backport of https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/pull/83273 to mono/mono `main`
The C standard does not specify whether `char` is signed or unsigned, it is implementation defined.
Apparently Android aarch64 makes a different choice than other platforms (at least macOS arm64 and Windows x64 give different results).
Mono uses `mono_metadata_str_hash` in the AOT compiler and AOT runtime to optimize class name lookup. As a result, classes whose names include UTF-8 continuation bytes (with the high bit = 1) will hash differently in the AOT compiler and on the device.
Contributes to https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/82187
Contributes to https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/78638