sha1_file: remove recursion in packed_object_info

sha1_file: remove recursion in packed_object_info

packed_object_info() and packed_delta_info() were mutually recursive.
The former would handle ordinary types and defer deltas to the latter;
the latter would use the former to resolve the delta base.

This arrangement, however, leads to trouble with threaded index-pack
and long delta chains on platforms where thread stacks are small, as
happened on OS X (512kB thread stacks by default) with the chromium
repo.

The task of the two functions is not all that hard to describe without
any recursion, however.  It proceeds in three steps:

- determine the representation type and size, based on the outermost
  object (delta or not)

- follow through the delta chain, if any

- determine the object type from what is found at the end of the delta
  chain

The only complication stems from the error recovery.  If parsing fails
at any step, we want to mark that object (within the pack) as bad and
try getting the corresponding SHA1 from elsewhere.  If that also
fails, we want to repeat this process back up the delta chain until we
find a reasonable solution or conclude that there is no way to
reconstruct the object.  (This is conveniently checked by t5303.)

To achieve that within the pack, we keep track of the entire delta
chain in a stack.  When things go sour, we process that stack from the
top, marking entries as bad and attempting to re-resolve by sha1.  To
avoid excessive malloc(), the stack starts out with a small
stack-allocated array.  The choice of 64 is based on the default of
pack.depth, which is 50, in the hope that it covers "most" delta
chains without any need for malloc().

It's much harder to make the actual re-resolving by sha1 nonrecursive,
so we skip that.  If you can't afford *that* recursion, your
corruption problems are more serious than your stack size problems.

Reported-by: Stefan Zager <szager@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>